taxonID	type	description	language	source
03DF87B6FFB9FFAAFF386B0DFB80E7D1.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — BRAZIL. Amazonas: Tupé Lake 03 o 02 ' 17,1 '' S, 60 o 15 ' 45,3 '' W, 16 December 2003, Melo S., plankton, station 9, (Holotype HAS slide n o 6492!, holotype = Figure 2, row sample; isotypes HAS 109582!; BR 4319!).	en	Pereira, Andreia Cavalcante, Torgan, Lezilda Carvalho, Melo, Sérgio (2014): Four new Pinnularia Ehrenberg (Bacillariophyta, Pinnulariaceae) species from Amazonian black water (Tupé Lake, Amazonas State, Brazil). Phytotaxa 158 (2): 154-168, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.158.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.158.2.3
03DF87B6FFB9FFAAFF386B0DFB80E7D1.taxon	description	Valves linear with slightly triundulate margins, middle inflated, subcapitate rounded ends (Figs 2 – 6, 22), valve length 121 – 130.2 µm, breadth 15.5 – 18.5 µm, length / breadth ratio 7.0 – 7.8. Axial area 1 / 3 width of valve, widening near central area. Central area present, generally forming symmetric fascia. Raphe lateral, proximal raphe endings bent in same direction (Fig. 24), terminal fissures sickle-shaped (Fig. 23). Terminal raphe endings curved towards secondary side of valves, while drop-like central pores deflect to primary side (Figs 23, 24). Striae (10 – 11 in 10 µm) radiate at middle, convergent at ends. Alveoli pattern with 3 – 7 rows of rounded areolae, each row with 12 – 13 areolae in 2 µm (Fig. 25).	en	Pereira, Andreia Cavalcante, Torgan, Lezilda Carvalho, Melo, Sérgio (2014): Four new Pinnularia Ehrenberg (Bacillariophyta, Pinnulariaceae) species from Amazonian black water (Tupé Lake, Amazonas State, Brazil). Phytotaxa 158 (2): 154-168, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.158.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.158.2.3
03DF87B6FFB9FFAAFF386B0DFB80E7D1.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — Dedicated to Manaus city, Amazonas State.	en	Pereira, Andreia Cavalcante, Torgan, Lezilda Carvalho, Melo, Sérgio (2014): Four new Pinnularia Ehrenberg (Bacillariophyta, Pinnulariaceae) species from Amazonian black water (Tupé Lake, Amazonas State, Brazil). Phytotaxa 158 (2): 154-168, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.158.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.158.2.3
03DF87B6FFB9FFAAFF386B0DFB80E7D1.taxon	discussion	Observations: — P. monicae Metzeltin & Lange-Bertalot (2007: 211) exhibits some similarities to P. manausensis but differs by its valve outline and axial area shape (lanceolate), which is not linear as it is in P. manausensis. Furthermore, P. monicae has broadly rounded poles and a lower density of striae (Table 2). Pinnularia manausensis was observed in the plankton, during low waters, which showed 0.30 m depth, 0.30 m transparency, high temperature (28.6 ºC), low pH (4.7) and conductivity (7.10 µS. cm - 1).	en	Pereira, Andreia Cavalcante, Torgan, Lezilda Carvalho, Melo, Sérgio (2014): Four new Pinnularia Ehrenberg (Bacillariophyta, Pinnulariaceae) species from Amazonian black water (Tupé Lake, Amazonas State, Brazil). Phytotaxa 158 (2): 154-168, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.158.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.158.2.3
03DF87B6FFBBFFA5FF386B13FB80E3C6.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — BRAZIL. Amazonas: Tupé Lake 03 o 01 ' 33.5 '' S, 60 o 15 ' 58.0 '' W, 16 December 2003, Melo S., plankton, station 1 (holotype HAS slide n o 6493! holotype specimen = Figure 7, row sample HAS 109583; BR 4320! Isotype).	en	Pereira, Andreia Cavalcante, Torgan, Lezilda Carvalho, Melo, Sérgio (2014): Four new Pinnularia Ehrenberg (Bacillariophyta, Pinnulariaceae) species from Amazonian black water (Tupé Lake, Amazonas State, Brazil). Phytotaxa 158 (2): 154-168, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.158.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.158.2.3
03DF87B6FFBBFFA5FF386B13FB80E3C6.taxon	diagnosis	Valves linear with parallel margins, acutely rounded ends, valve length 36 – 47.5 µm, breadth 11 – 12.7 µm, length / breadth ratio 3.27 – 3.74. Axial area with 1 / 5 width of valve, slightly widening towards central area. Central area present, generally forming symmetric fascia. Raphe straight, filiform, proximal raphe endings bent in same direction, terminal fissures sickle-shaped. Striae (13 – 14 in 10 µm) radiate at middle, parallel to slightly convergent at poles (Figs 7 – 12).	en	Pereira, Andreia Cavalcante, Torgan, Lezilda Carvalho, Melo, Sérgio (2014): Four new Pinnularia Ehrenberg (Bacillariophyta, Pinnulariaceae) species from Amazonian black water (Tupé Lake, Amazonas State, Brazil). Phytotaxa 158 (2): 154-168, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.158.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.158.2.3
03DF87B6FFBBFFA5FF386B13FB80E3C6.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — Dedicated to our colleague Dr. Edinaldo Nelson dos Santos-Silva, whose work has improved the quality of life in rural Amazonian populations.	en	Pereira, Andreia Cavalcante, Torgan, Lezilda Carvalho, Melo, Sérgio (2014): Four new Pinnularia Ehrenberg (Bacillariophyta, Pinnulariaceae) species from Amazonian black water (Tupé Lake, Amazonas State, Brazil). Phytotaxa 158 (2): 154-168, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.158.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.158.2.3
03DF87B6FFBBFFA5FF386B13FB80E3C6.taxon	discussion	Observations: — P. nelsonii resembles P. acuminata var. interrupta (Cleve) Patrick & Reimer (1966: 623), P. instabiliformis Krammer & Metzeltin in Metzeltin & Lange-Bertalot (1998: 177) and P. wisconsinensis Camburn & Charles (2000: 29); but there are several features that distinguish P. nelsonii from these species (see table 2). P. acuminata var. interrupta differs by a broader axial area and lower striae density. P. instabiliformis, described by Metzeltin & Lange-Bertalot (1998) from Calado Lake in the Amazonian region, also differs from P. nelsonii by the axial area shape, striae pattern and density and by the lateral raphe structure. P. wisconsinensis has a distinct valve length (up to 60 µm), subrostrate ends, oblique raphe and different striation pattern and it has a lower striae number in 10 µm (below to 11). Pinnularia nelsonii was rarely observed in the plankton, during the low waters with 1.0 m depth, 0.70 m transparency, high temperature (30.7 ºC), low pH (4.6) and conductivity (5.70 µS. cm - 1).	en	Pereira, Andreia Cavalcante, Torgan, Lezilda Carvalho, Melo, Sérgio (2014): Four new Pinnularia Ehrenberg (Bacillariophyta, Pinnulariaceae) species from Amazonian black water (Tupé Lake, Amazonas State, Brazil). Phytotaxa 158 (2): 154-168, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.158.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.158.2.3
03DF87B6FFB4FFA4FF386F1AFB5FE6FC.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — BRAZIL. Amazonas: Tupé Lake 03 o 02 ' 35.4 '' S, 60 o 15 ' 17.5 '' W, 23 September 2008, Pereira, A. C., sediment, station 3, (Holotype HAS slide n o 6494! holotype specimen = Figure 13, row sample HAS 109581; isotype BR 4321!).	en	Pereira, Andreia Cavalcante, Torgan, Lezilda Carvalho, Melo, Sérgio (2014): Four new Pinnularia Ehrenberg (Bacillariophyta, Pinnulariaceae) species from Amazonian black water (Tupé Lake, Amazonas State, Brazil). Phytotaxa 158 (2): 154-168, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.158.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.158.2.3
03DF87B6FFB4FFA4FF386F1AFB5FE6FC.taxon	description	Valves elliptic-lanceolate with strongly protracted capitate ends (Figs 13 – 17, 26, 30), valve length 52 – 64.2 µm, breadth 10.8 – 13 µm, length / breadth ratio is 4.75 – 4.93. Axial area narrow, widening towards the central area. Central area present, forming symmetric fascia. Raphe straight, filiform, proximal raphe endings slightly bent in same direction (Fig. 29), terminal fissures bayonet-shaped (Figs 31, 32). Terminal raphe endings curved towards secondary side of valves, while drop-like central pores deflect to primary side (Figs 29, 30). Internally, terminal fissures end in a prominent helictoglossa (Fig. 27). Striae (11 – 12 in 10 µm) radiate at middle, convergent at poles. Alveoli pattern with 3 – 6 rows of rounded areolae, each row with 12 – 13 areolae in 2 µm (Fig. 31).	en	Pereira, Andreia Cavalcante, Torgan, Lezilda Carvalho, Melo, Sérgio (2014): Four new Pinnularia Ehrenberg (Bacillariophyta, Pinnulariaceae) species from Amazonian black water (Tupé Lake, Amazonas State, Brazil). Phytotaxa 158 (2): 154-168, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.158.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.158.2.3
03DF87B6FFB4FFA4FF386F1AFB5FE6FC.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — Dedicated to study area Tupé Lake. Tupé means mat in the Tupy Guarany language.	en	Pereira, Andreia Cavalcante, Torgan, Lezilda Carvalho, Melo, Sérgio (2014): Four new Pinnularia Ehrenberg (Bacillariophyta, Pinnulariaceae) species from Amazonian black water (Tupé Lake, Amazonas State, Brazil). Phytotaxa 158 (2): 154-168, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.158.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.158.2.3
03DF87B6FFB4FFA4FF386F1AFB5FE6FC.taxon	discussion	Observations: — P. tupensis resembles in its outline P. brauniana (Grunow) Studnicka (1888: 737), P. rostratissima Hustedt (1965: 397) and P. rostratissima Hustedt var. ventricosa Metzeltin & Krammer in Metzeltin & Lange-Bertalot (1998: 186) but differs from these species mainly by the shape of the ends, area axial and striae pattern. P. rostratissima and P. rostratissima var. ventricosa have capitate rounded ends, wide axial area strongly expanded towards center of the valve and short striae. P. tupensis differs from P. brauniana by the valve breadth and shape of the poles (see table 2). Pinnularia tupensis was observed in the sediment, and in the plankton, during the fall water with 6.40 m depth, 0.90 m transparency, high temperature (29.9 ºC), low pH (4.5) and conductivity (7.60 µS. cm - 1).	en	Pereira, Andreia Cavalcante, Torgan, Lezilda Carvalho, Melo, Sérgio (2014): Four new Pinnularia Ehrenberg (Bacillariophyta, Pinnulariaceae) species from Amazonian black water (Tupé Lake, Amazonas State, Brazil). Phytotaxa 158 (2): 154-168, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.158.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.158.2.3
03DF87B6FFB7FFA1FF386CAFFC2FE38E.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — BRAZIL. Amazonas: Tupé Lake 03 o 02 ' 17,1 '' S, 60 o 15 ' 45,3 '' W, 12 October 2003, Melo S., plankton, station 9 (Holotype HAS slide n o 6491! holotype specimen = Figure 18, row sample HAS 109584; isotype BR 4322!).	en	Pereira, Andreia Cavalcante, Torgan, Lezilda Carvalho, Melo, Sérgio (2014): Four new Pinnularia Ehrenberg (Bacillariophyta, Pinnulariaceae) species from Amazonian black water (Tupé Lake, Amazonas State, Brazil). Phytotaxa 158 (2): 154-168, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.158.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.158.2.3
03DF87B6FFB7FFA1FF386CAFFC2FE38E.taxon	description	Valves lanceolate with weak to strong triundulate margins, protracted capitate ends (Figs 18 – 21, 33), valve length 65 – 85.4 µm, breadth 11.5 – 14.8 µm, length / breadth ratio is 5.65 – 5.77. Axial area 1 / 3 of breadth of valve, widening towards central area. Central area present, forming symmetric fascia. Raphe straight, filiform, proximal raphe endings bent in same direction (Fig. 34) terminal fissures sickle-shaped (Fig. 37). Terminal raphe endings curved towards secondary side of valves, while drop-like central pores deflect to primary side (Figs 34, 37). Striae (10 – 12 in 10 µm) radiate at middle, convergent at poles. Alveoli pattern with 3 – 7 rows of rounded areolae, each row with 7 – 8 areolae in 1 µm (Figs 35, 36, 38).	en	Pereira, Andreia Cavalcante, Torgan, Lezilda Carvalho, Melo, Sérgio (2014): Four new Pinnularia Ehrenberg (Bacillariophyta, Pinnulariaceae) species from Amazonian black water (Tupé Lake, Amazonas State, Brazil). Phytotaxa 158 (2): 154-168, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.158.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.158.2.3
03DF87B6FFB7FFA1FF386CAFFC2FE38E.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — Dedicated to Dr. Ilse Walker, a researcher from the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia.	en	Pereira, Andreia Cavalcante, Torgan, Lezilda Carvalho, Melo, Sérgio (2014): Four new Pinnularia Ehrenberg (Bacillariophyta, Pinnulariaceae) species from Amazonian black water (Tupé Lake, Amazonas State, Brazil). Phytotaxa 158 (2): 154-168, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.158.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.158.2.3
03DF87B6FFB7FFA1FF386CAFFC2FE38E.taxon	discussion	Observations: — P. walkerae shows some similarities to P. egregia Metzeltin & Krammer in Metzeltin & Lange-Bertalot (1998: 173), P. polyonca (Brébisson) Smith (1856: 95) and P. rostratissima f. sub undulata Hustedt (1965: 397), whose features are described in Table 2, differences are the shape of poles and the striation pattern. Pinnularia walkerae was observed in the plankton, during the low waters with 1.10 m depth, 1.0 m transparency, high temperature (32.9 ºC), low pH (4.1) and conductivity (6.30 µS. cm - 1).	en	Pereira, Andreia Cavalcante, Torgan, Lezilda Carvalho, Melo, Sérgio (2014): Four new Pinnularia Ehrenberg (Bacillariophyta, Pinnulariaceae) species from Amazonian black water (Tupé Lake, Amazonas State, Brazil). Phytotaxa 158 (2): 154-168, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.158.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.158.2.3
