identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03DF87BE5121E749F9E279F9FDBB9973.text	03DF87BE5121E749F9E279F9FDBB9973.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Madrasostes bartolozzii Ballerio 2013	<div><p>Madrasostes bartolozzii Ballerio, 2013</p><p>(Figs. 1; 4B)</p><p>Madrasostes bartolozzii Ballerio, 2013: 380 (description and iconography).</p><p>Type locality. Ba Be National Park (Bac Kan Province).</p><p>Material examined. Holotypus, ♀ (VNMN) and paratypus ♀ (MZUF): Northern Vietnam, Bac Kan Province, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.63143&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.416857" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.63143/lat 22.416857)">Ba Be National Park</a> (~ 350 m), 22°25’0.69”N 105°37’53.16”E, 3-8.VI.2011, L. Bartolozzi, S. Bambi, F. Fabiano &amp; E. Orbach leg.; 2 ♂♂: Ba Be 220m alt. Cao Bang prov. / [N. Vietnam] 12.V.1998 S. Nomura leg. (ABCB, NSMT); 1 specimen of sex unstated: Bo Lu (140 m) Ba Be Cao Bang prov. [N. Vietnam] 13.V.1998 S. Nomura leg. (NSMT) .</p><p>Complementary description and remarks. The availability of male specimens allows for the first illustrations of the aedeagus (L = 0.8 mm) (Fig. 1C) and spiculum gastrale (L = 0.7 mm) (Fig. 4B), as well as to document the sexual dimorphism in this species, which was originally described from two females only. Males differ in several features: notably, they lack the acute projection at the apex of the clypeus seen in females, furthermore, as happens in the majority of other Madrasostes, the inner apical spur of the mesotibiae is bent sharply inward at a right angle, and the apical spur of the protibiae is more strongly curved inward. The additional specimens listed here show little variation from the type series. However, the original description requires amendment. Closer examination of the head revealed the presence of a short, narrow genal canthus that does not reach the occipital margin and delimits a very narrow dorsal ocular area (Fig. 1B).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DF87BE5121E749F9E279F9FDBB9973	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ballerio, Alberto;Maruyama, Munetoshi	Ballerio, Alberto, Maruyama, Munetoshi (2025): Review of Madrasostes Paulian, 1975 (Coleoptera: Hybosoridae: Ceratocanthinae) from Vietnam, with remarks on its generic limits. Zootaxa 5661 (3): 420-430, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5661.3.8, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5661.3.8
03DF87BE5121E74CF9E27CCBFDC69872.text	03DF87BE5121E74CF9E27CCBFDC69872.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Madrasostes deharvengi Gao 2009	<div><p>Madrasostes deharvengi Gao, 2009</p><p>(Figs. 2; 4C)</p><p>Madrasostes deharvengi Gao, 2009: 155 (description and iconography).</p><p>Type locality. Yachang National Nature Reserve, Leye County, northwest of Guangxi Autonomous Region, China .</p><p>Material examined. Vietnam: 5 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀ and 1 specimen of sex unstated (NSMT, KUM, ABCB): Ban Ba Pha, 250m Phin Ho, Sin Ho, Lai Chau prov. / [N. Vietnam] 26.V.1998 S. Nomura leg.</p><p>Redescription. Size: HL = 0.92 mm; HW = 1.34 mm; PL = 1.53 mm; PW = 2.25 mm; EL = 2.30 mm; EW = 2.12 mm. Small-sized Madrasostes . Flightless. Body strongly convex. Black with reddish-brown tinge (especially on pronotum), dorsum setose (50×), underside, tarsi and antennae dark reddish-brown, setation yellowish-brown.</p><p>Head: W/L ratio = 1.48; subpentagonal, clypeal apex obtuse, apical projection very weak, rounded and sexually dimorphic, sides irregularly rectilinear; genal canthus present, short and not reaching occipital area, dorsal ocular area short and narrow (Fig. 2F), ventral ocular area small and transverse, genae acute, protruding outwards, genal suture short and hardly visible; head dorsal surface covered by large dense impressed horseshoe-shaped punctures encasing another smaller horseshoe-shaped puncture bearing in the middle a fine erect seta slightly longer than maximum punctural diameter, all punctures centripetally oriented, vertex with dense large simple punctures. Antennae with ten antennomeres. Pronotum: subrectangular (dorsal view) (W/L ratio = 1.50), convex and without tubercles or carinae, fore angles broadly subtruncate (Fig. 2F); pronotal base regular without basal carinae, pronotal punctation uniformly covering pronotal surface, consisting of large dense ocellate punctures, each ocellum encasing another smaller one bearing a fine erect seta in the middle, setae slightly longer than maximum ocellate puncture diameter, interpunctural distance inferior than ocellum diameter (ocellate punctures almost touching each other). Scutellum: base narrow and almost smooth, remaining surface covered by dense short transverse strongly impressed irregular comma-shaped punctures each one encasing a smaller ocellate puncture bearing a fine seta in the middle. Elytra: longer than wide (W/L ratio = 0.92), subogival with subacute distal third (dorsal view), strongly convex; humeral callus indistinct; elytral surface uniformly covered by large horseshoe-shaped punctures, shallower than pronotal punctation, short on basal third and longer on median third encasing another smaller horseshoe-shaped puncture bearing in the middle a fine erect seta slightly longer than pronotal ones, apical third with dense elongate ocellate punctures, each one encasing a smaller one; inferior sutural stria indistinct, striated articular area hardly visible in lateral view, relatively narrow and short; marginal area medium-sized and explanate; elytral articular process developed, smooth and shiny, with a deep line bordering scutellar sides. Wings: flightless. Legs: protibiae with outer margin irregularly serrate, ending with two apical teeth, apical spur strongly developed and sexually dimorphic. Mesotibiae ending with a single apical spur. Metatibiae ending with two apical spurs. Sexual dimorphism: males have the inner apex of mesotibiae hooked (bent inwards at a right angle and pointed). Apical spur of protibiae bent inwards in both sexes but males have it much larger and clavate (Fig. 2F), whereas in females the apex is sharp, finally the clypeal apex has a weak rounded projection in males while in female the projection is slightly more developed. Male genitalia: aedeagus (L = 1.3 mm) with parameres acute and relatively long as in Fig. 2H, internal sac with a large elongate sclerite (the “dumbbell like” sclerite of Gao’s original description), spiculum gastrale (L = 1.2 mm) with short apodeme and long rounded branches as in Fig. 4C.</p><p>Distribution and habitat. This is the first record for Vietnam, the species was previously known from Guangxi (China) only. To our knowledge only the type series was known till now, made of two male specimens collected from a soil sample using Berlese funnel in the Yachang National Nature Reserve. The area of the Vietnamese record falls within the Northern Indochina Subtropical Forests ecoregion (Wikramanayake et al. 2002).</p><p>Remarks. The identification of M. deharvengi was made possible thanks to several photographs of the holotypus sent to the first author by Lei Gao prior to its formal description. The generic placement of M. deharvengi within Madrasostes remains somewhat problematic. In the context of a comprehensive revision of the genus—which is still far from complete due to a lack of available material, limited knowledge of species-level diversity, and numerous undescribed taxa known to the first author—this species may ultimately warrant placement in a separate genus.</p><p>The male genitalia of M. deharvengi are strikingly similar to those of Pterorthochaetes Gestro, 1898, particularly in the shape of the spiculum gastrale, which possesses a short apodeme and long rounded branches, and the parameres, which are dorsally flattened and sharply pointed. Furthermore, the mesotibiae bear a single apical spur, a character observed in both Pterorthochaetes and Oxymorostes Ballerio, 2009, but not in other members of Madrasostes . However, M. deharvengi differs from Pterorthochaetes in having ten antennomeres (nine in Pterorthochaetes) and female genitalia lack bursal sclerites (observation made based on a single dissected female). Additionally, the mandibles of the single dissected specimen lack the basal mandibular pore that characterizes the Perignamptus generic group (see Ballerio 2009), thus also distinguishing this species from Oxymorostes . The species further deviates from typical Madrasostes in having a subogival elytral shape in dorsal view. These combined features suggest that the species occupies an unusual position within the heterogeneous genus Madrasostes and may deserve generic re-evaluation in the future.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DF87BE5121E74CF9E27CCBFDC69872	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ballerio, Alberto;Maruyama, Munetoshi	Ballerio, Alberto, Maruyama, Munetoshi (2025): Review of Madrasostes Paulian, 1975 (Coleoptera: Hybosoridae: Ceratocanthinae) from Vietnam, with remarks on its generic limits. Zootaxa 5661 (3): 420-430, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5661.3.8, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5661.3.8
03DF87BE5125E74FF9E27AC1FCE19BFC.text	03DF87BE5125E74FF9E27AC1FCE19BFC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Madrasostes nomurai Ballerio & Maruyama 2025	<div><p>Madrasostes nomurai Ballerio &amp; Maruyama sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs. 3; 4A)</p><p>Type material. Holotypus, ♂ (deposited in NSMT): Cuc Phuong alt. 450m Ninh Binh Pr. / [N. Vietnam] 11.X.1995 S. Nomura leg. / Madrasostes nomurai n. sp. det. A. Ballerio &amp; M. Maruyama 2024 . Paratypi: 3 ♂♂ (1 in NSMT, 1 in KUM and 1 in ABCB): Cuc Phuong (170m) Ninh Binh Pr. [N. Vietnam] / 1.VI.1998 S. Nomura leg. ; 1 ♂ (NSMT): Cuc Phuong 320m alt. Ninh Binh Pr. / [N. Vietnam] 2.VI.1998 S. Nomura leg.</p><p>Description. Size: HL = 0.92 mm; HW = 1.11 mm; PL = 1.22 mm; PW = 2.22 mm; EL = 2.22 mm; EW = 2.11 mm. Small-sized Madrasostes . Flightless. Body strongly convex. Brown, with green metallic sheen on tubercles and carinae, dorsum glabrous (50×), underside, tarsi and antennae dark reddish-brown with setation yellowish-brown.</p><p>Head: W/L ratio = 1.35; subpentagonal, clypeal apex obtuse, apical projection very weak and sexually dimorphic, sides almost rectilinear; genal canthus small, not reaching occipital area with a very narrow and short dorsal ocular area, ventral ocular area small, transverse and narrow, genae acute, not protruding outwards, genal suture indistinct; head dorsal surface covered by large and impressed transverse comma shaped punctures, all them centripetally oriented, vertex with dense large simple punctures. Frons with a small weakly raised tubercle. Pronotum: subrectangular (dorsal view) (W/L ratio = 1.62), convex and unevenly sculptured, fore angles with a deep sinuation at each side; pronotal basal carina weakly bilobate, raised anterior carina without any visible lobation and about as wide as head, disc of pronotum with two pairs of longitudinal large weakly raised tubercles, sides of pronotum with two parallel transverse short weakly raised irregular carinae and a tubercle, pronotal punctation uniformly covering pronotal surface, consisting of a mixture of dense (interpunctural distance inferior than punctural diameter: punctures almost touching each other) large ocellate punctures and large horseshoe-shaped punctures almost rounded, punctures deep and irregular, giving a coarse appearance. Each puncture encasing another smaller horseshoe-shaped puncture. Scutellum: surface covered by dense short transverse comma-shaped punctures. Elytra: slightly longer than wide (W/L ratio = 0.96), subovoidal (dorsal view), strongly convex; humeral callus indistinct; elytral surface, besides carinae, uniformly covered by elongate large horseshoe-shaped punctures encasing another smaller, often irregularly shaped, elongate horseshoe-shaped puncture, larger punctation mixed, especially at sides of carinae, with fine simple punctures; inferior sutural stria deep and complete, striated articular area hardly visible in lateral view, relatively narrow and short; marginal area medium-sized; elytral articular process developed, smooth and shiny, with a deep line bordering scutellar sides. Elytral sculpturing as follows: dorsal area of elytra with three longitudinal sharp raised carinae spaced out by a distance about 1/3 of each elytron width, the first one marking the suture, starting at a distance from the apex of scutellum about 1/5 of the length of elytral suture and reaching elytral apex, the second carina starting at humeral area and interrupted at elytral apical third, the third starting at the same level of the first and ending at the interruption of the second, at sides there are two more carinae, one longitudinal short found at about the border between medial and distal third, the fifth carina finally starts at humeral angles and reaches apically the third carina, the fifth carina has two interruptions, which in dorsal view give a sinuate shape to the carina. Wings: flightless. Sexual dimorphism: males have the inner apical spur hooked (bent inwards at a right angle and pointed). Male genitalia: aedeagus (L = 0.8 mm) with parameres distally narrowed, bent inward and sharp in both lateral and dorsal view as in Fig. 3F, spiculum gastrale (L = 0.7 mm) elongate, having the shape of an isosceles triangle as in Fig. 4A.</p><p>Diagnosis. Madrasostes nomurai sp. nov. can be differentiated from all other species of Madrasostes by the following combination of characters: a) small size, b) genal canthus short, not reaching occipital area, with dorsal ocular area small and narrow, c) head with weakly serrate clypeal margin and with large impressed punctation, d) pronotal punctation coarse made of large ocellate or horseshoe-shaped punctures, e) pronotal anterior carina raised and without any visible lobation, f) pronotal basal carina bilobate, g) pronotal disc with carinae and/or tubercles, h) elytra dorsally with three complete longitudinal sharp carinae plus at sides one short longitudinal carina and one longitudinal carina interrupted at least twice, i) elytral punctation between carinae made of elongate large horseshoe-shaped punctures encasing another smaller horseshoe-shaped puncture, larger punctation mixed, especially at sides of carinae, with fine simple punctures, j) flightless, k) aedeagus with short apically narrowed and bent inwards sharp parameres (in lateral and dorsal view) as in Fig. 3F, l) spiculum gastrale triangular and elongate as in Fig. 4A. The species more similar to it is M. bartolozzii, with which it shares the same elytral sculpturing made of longitudinal carinae and the same major pronotal sculpturing made of large tubercles or tubercle-like carinae, the main differences between the two species are: the clypeal serration, much stronger in M. bartolozzii, b) the pronotal punctation, which in M. bartolozzii is uniformly very fine and simple, c) the shape of parameres (in lateral view), which in M. bartolozzii are more enlarged and curved apically, and d) the shape of spiculum gastrale, which in M. bartolozzii has a distinct basal triangle with a long manubrium, whereas in M. nomurai sp. nov. the spiculum has the shape of an isoceles triangle. Both M. nomurai sp. nov. and M. bartolozzii are the only known Madrasostes to have such an elytral sculpturing, made of three strongly raised dorsal longitudinal carinae plus other two lateral ones (a character otherwise commonly found in the genus Besuchetostes Paulian, 1972, however both species differ from Besuchetostes because of the presence of a basal pore on mandibles, a character typical of the Perignamptus generic-group, as defined by Ballerio (2009). Besuchetostes and Madrasostes also differ because of some features of the head, which will be discussed in another paper the first author has in preparation).</p><p>Etymology. Noun in the genitive case. Named after its collector, Shûhei Nomura (NSMT).</p><p>Distribution and habitat. Known only from the type locality. The area falls within the Northern Indochina Subtropical Forests ecoregion (Wikramanayake et al. 2002).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DF87BE5125E74FF9E27AC1FCE19BFC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ballerio, Alberto;Maruyama, Munetoshi	Ballerio, Alberto, Maruyama, Munetoshi (2025): Review of Madrasostes Paulian, 1975 (Coleoptera: Hybosoridae: Ceratocanthinae) from Vietnam, with remarks on its generic limits. Zootaxa 5661 (3): 420-430, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5661.3.8, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5661.3.8
03DF87BE5127E741F9E27F43FB5B9BFA.text	03DF87BE5127E741F9E27F43FB5B9BFA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Madrasostes tonkinense (Paulian 1945) R. Paulian	<div><p>Madrasostes tonkinense (Paulian, 1945)</p><p>(Fig. 5)</p><p>Cloeotus tonkinensis Paulian, 1945: 31 (original description)</p><p>Madrasostes tonkinenses: Paulian 1978: 488 (incorrect subsequent spelling, new combination, redescription and key)</p><p>Madrasostes tonkinense: Ocampo &amp; Ballerio 2006: 188 (checklist); Marshall 2018: 354 (photos of alive adult)</p><p>Type locality. Hoa Binh (Tonkin).</p><p>Material examined. Vietnam: Holotypus (Fig. 5G–J), sex unstated (BMNH): type / Tonkin A. de Cooman B.M. 1929-299 / Hoa Binh Tonkin de Cooman / Cloeotus tonkinensis det. R. Paulian 1937 / Madrasostes tonkinense (Paul.) R. Paulian det.; 1 ♀: Ba Be 220m alt. Cao Bang prov. / [N. Vietnam] 12.V.1998 S. Nomura leg. (NSMT) ; 1 ♀ (Fig. 5A): Ban Xa Lenh 890 m, Xa Pa Co, Huyen Mai Chau, Hoa Binh Prov. / [N. Vietnam] 20.VI.1997 S. Nomura leg. (NSMT); 1 ♀: Vietnam: Hoa Binh province, Lac Son district, c/o Ngoc Son Ngo, Luong Nature Reserve, 200 m, at light, 20°23’55”N 105°22’15”E, 11.V.2024, leg. L. Bartolozzi, I. Pukhkalo, E. Orbach (num. Magazz. 3147) (MZUF); Laos (Fig. 5B–D): 1 ♀: Laos north, 5-11.V.1997, 20 km NW Louang Namtha, N21°09.2 E 101°18.7 al. 900 m, E. Jendek &amp; O. Šauša leg. (ABCB); Thailand: 1 ♂: NW Thailand 23- 31.5.1991, Mae Hong Son, Ban Si Lang, 1200 m, J. Horák leg. (Coll. David Král, National Museum, Prague, Czechia) .</p><p>Redescription. Size: HL = 1.25 mm; HW = 1.70 mm; PL = 1.72 mm; PW = 3.00 mm; EL = 3.27 mm; EW = 3.00 mm. Large-sized Madrasostes . Volant. Body weakly convex. Metallic green with red and gold sheen, dorsum almost glabrous (50×) with only few fine short erect sparse setae, underside, tarsi and antennae dark reddish-brown.</p><p>Head: W/L ratio = 1.35; subpentagonal, clypeal apex obtuse, apical projection absent, sides broadly rounded; genal canthus distinct not reaching occipital area, dorsal ocular area present, interocular distance about 13 times maximum dorsal ocular area width, inferior ocular area large, genae acute, slightly protruding outwards, genal suture indistinct; head dorsal surface covered by large and impressed transverse comma shaped punctures, all them centripetally oriented, punctation relatively dense with an impunctate area on frons, vertex marked by a continuous transverse impressed line, fore margin of clypeus with two or three transverse large lines. Pronotum: subrectangular (dorsal view) (W/L ratio = 1.79), convex, fore angles sinuated at both sides, pronotal punctation uniformly covering pronotal surface as follows: disc covered by small horseshoe-shaped punctures mixed to short impressed (foveolate) comma-shaped punctures, all punctures with opening directed forwards, punctation sparse (interpunctural distance in the majority of cases larger than punctural diameter although some punctures are closer to each other), sides covered by larger horseshoe-shaped punctures with opening directed outwards, punctation denser (interpunctural distance distinctly shorter than punctural diameter). Scutellum: base smooth with two impressed transverse lines, remaining surface with impressed irregular punctation, larger and sparser proximally and denser and smaller distally. Elytra: slightly longer than wide (W/L ratio = 0.87), subovoidal (dorsal view), moderately convex; humeral callus present; elytral surface uniformly covered by horseshoe-shaped punctures of variable size (with opening directed downwards) mixed to small comma-shaped punctures and to simple fine punctures, the latter denser on distal third, punctures on basal third and along elytral suture larger, denser (sometimes touching each other) and more impressed, punctures on disc sparser (interpunctural distance larger, often twice, than punctural diameter), distal third with a longitudinal line marking the sutural stria and with denser and larger punctures with respect to elytral disc, with a larger number of simple fine punctures, distal third with three very weakly raised and smooth longitudinal carinae, sides with two irregular longitudinal lines; inferior sutural stria deep and complete, striated articular area hardly visible in lateral view, relatively narrow and short; marginal area medium-sized; elytral articular process developed, smooth and shiny, with a deep line bordering scutellar sides. Wings: fully developed. Sexual dimorphism: spur of protibiae in males is more bent than in females. Males have the inner apical spur hooked (bent inwards at a right angle and pointed), whereas in females both apical spurs of mesotibiae are straight Male genitalia: aedeagus (L = 1.4 mm) with parameres as in Fig. 5F, spiculum gastrale (L = 1.2 mm) as in Fig. 5E.</p><p>Distribution and habitat. The distribution of this species covers much of Northern Indochina (Thailand, Laos and Vietnam).</p><p>Remarks. Madrasostes tonkinense is similar to M. franzi Paulian, 1978 (known from Thailand) and M. feae (Gestro, 1898) (known from NE India, Nepal, Myanmar, Thailand and Cambodia), with whom shares a simple dorsal sculpturing without carinae or tubercles (first author’s unpublished data). The aedeagal morphology too (the shape of parameres in lateral view) suggests similarities with the aforementioned species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DF87BE5127E741F9E27F43FB5B9BFA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ballerio, Alberto;Maruyama, Munetoshi	Ballerio, Alberto, Maruyama, Munetoshi (2025): Review of Madrasostes Paulian, 1975 (Coleoptera: Hybosoridae: Ceratocanthinae) from Vietnam, with remarks on its generic limits. Zootaxa 5661 (3): 420-430, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5661.3.8, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5661.3.8
03DF87BE5129E741F9E27F41FA469834.text	03DF87BE5129E741F9E27F41FA469834.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Madrasostes Paulian 1975	<div><p>Key to the Vietnamese Madrasostes species</p><p>1 Antennae with nine antennomeres. Mesotibiae always ending with a single apical spur (in males the inner apex of mesotibiae is bent inwards at a right angle but it is not a spur)................................... Pterorthochaetes Gestro, 1898 .</p><p>- Antennae with ten antennomeres. Male mesotibiae ending with two apical spurs or a single apical spur (in such a case in males the inner apex of mesotibiae is bent inwards at a right angle but it is not a spur).................................... 2</p><p>2 Labrum distinctly truncate, small species, dorsum without carinae and/or tubercles.......... Cyphopisthes Gestro, 1898 (*)</p><p>- Labrum not truncate, size variable, sometimes with dorsal carinae and/or tubercles......... Madrasostes Paulian, 1975 …3</p><p>3 Elytra without carinae (at most a hint of smooth weak carinae on apical third), pronotum without tubercles and/or carinae.. 4</p><p>- Elytra with three dorsal longitudinal sharp carinae plus two incomplete lateral ones, pronotum with tubercles and carinae... 5</p><p>4 Dorsum with sparse impressed horseshoe-shaped punctation.Color metallic green with golden, red and copper sheen. Mesotibiae ending with two apical spurs (the inner one of males bent inwards at a right angle). Volant.... M. tonkinense (Paulian, 1945)</p><p>- Dorsum with shallower denser horseshoe-shaped punctures mixed to ocellate punctures. Dark color. Mesotibiae ending with a single apical spur (males having the apex of the inner margin of mesotibiae bent inwards at a right angle: false apical spur). Flightless........................................................................ M. deharvengi Gao, 2009 .</p><p>5 Pronotal punctation made of dense fine simple punctures................................ M. bartolozzii Ballerio, 2013</p><p>- Pronotal punctation made of large coarse irregular ocellate punctures............................. M. nomurai sp. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DF87BE5129E741F9E27F41FA469834	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ballerio, Alberto;Maruyama, Munetoshi	Ballerio, Alberto, Maruyama, Munetoshi (2025): Review of Madrasostes Paulian, 1975 (Coleoptera: Hybosoridae: Ceratocanthinae) from Vietnam, with remarks on its generic limits. Zootaxa 5661 (3): 420-430, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5661.3.8, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5661.3.8
