identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03DD87B8486EB465FF60F98AFBEA5FE6.text	03DD87B8486EB465FF60F98AFBEA5FE6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Austrosimulium dumbletoni Crosby 1976	<div><p>Austrosimulium dumbletoni Crosby, 1976 .</p><p>Of the eight specimens, only one (#3) has both fully expressed male eyes with large ommatidia, but they are dichoptic, a female characteristic. One (#2) possesses a partially developed male eye on the left. One (#4) is essentially fully male on the left side of the head. Four (#1, 5, 6, 7) have complete female heads. Four (#2, 3, 6, 7) have antennae that are both female; the remaining specimens have male and female antennae. All specimens have fully developed female mouthparts, by which we mean substantial labrum and labium, and well developed mandibles and lacinae (e.g. Fig. 8). However, that mandible has teeth on the aboral surface at the apex – a condition not associated with Austrosimulium females. Two (#3, 4), however, have male maxillary palpi (Fig. 8). Two (#1, 6) have only one male maxillary palpus, the other female. Five (#2-6) have a fully domed male thorax, while two (#1, 7) are mainly female (Fig. 1). One specimen each possesses only male claws (#2) or only female claws (#7—see below) on the legs, the remaining six have mixtures of either male or female claws on each leg (e.g., Figs. 2, 3). Three specimens (#4, 6, 8) have fully expressed male genitalia with little if any indication of abnormality. One (#2), while with fully male genitalia, has slight indication of female structures (genital fork?) anteriorly to that. One (#1) (Fig. 1), while with fully male genitalia, possessed a female-like 8th sternite and a spermatheca (Fig. 6). Two (#5, 7) are fully female with minor abnormalities to the genitalia. Specimen #7 may not be a gynandromorph, since it merely has some minor asymmetry of its female genitalia.</p><p>Of the most interest is Specimen #1, that at first appears to be a blood-fed female and possesses a fully developed female head with a complete set of apparently functional mouthparts, but with full male genitalia (Fig. 1). Its combination of features is noted above. Further to this though, its legs are of mixed provenance with the forelegs both female (Fig. 2), and the mid legs female on the right and male on the left side. Both hind legs are male (Fig. 3). Male claws in Simuliidae have a grappling comb on the dorsal surface for engaging the female vestiture during copulation (Craig and Craig 1986). The abdomen is a mosaic of both male and female parts, and the tergites (e.g., Fig. 9) span the full width of the segment as is normal for Austrosimulium (Dumbleton 1972) males. Each tergite, however, has portions with female vestiture. The first abdominal segment, or basal scale, possesses long black hairs, typical of simuliid males (Crosskey 1991) on the right side, as in Figure 9. The male genitalia are unremarkable, except for a minor amount of asymmetry to the ring-like ninth sternite (Fig. 6). Initial examination indicated a certain amount of malformation (Figs. 1) of the 8th sternite immediately anterior to the gonocoxites.</p><p>The swollen anterior portion of the abdomen was not full of bird blood as had been initially surmised, but rather by a large number (200–300+) of fully developed chorionated eggs (Fig. 4), plus an equally large number of small pre-vitellogenic oocytes (Heming pers com. 2008). Further, the insect has a well-developed sclerotized spermatheca (Fig. 6) of unremarkable form, but apparently lacking a duct. The deformed 8th sternite now could be interpreted more probably as part of the female genital fork. What appeared to be three openings, one encompassed by the genital fork and the other two immediately posterior of that are, at high magnification, not openings. This is in agreement with lack of a spermathecal duct.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87B8486EB465FF60F98AFBEA5FE6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Craig, Douglas A.;Crosby, Trevor K.	Craig, Douglas A., Crosby, Trevor K. (2008): Gynandromorphs of New Zealand Austrosimulium spp. (Diptera: Simuliidae). Zootaxa 1811 (1): 57-68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1811.1.4, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1811.1.4
03DD87B84869B465FF60FB1EFCD65C68.text	03DD87B84869B465FF60FB1EFCD65C68.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Austrosimulium australense (Schiner 1868)	<div><p>Austrosimulium australense (Schiner) 1868 .</p><p>Of the eight A. australense gynandromorphs, only one (#6) has the left side of the head fully female, with the right side male (Table 2). Five others (#1, 2, 3, 5, 7) express female characteristics on the right side of the head. Another (#4) with fully male eyes on both sides is slightly dichoptic (Fig 10). One (#8) has a fully female head in all respects. All antennae, with one exception (#3), appear to be female. Mouthparts are always completely male (e.g., Fig 10), except for #8. Four (#3-6) have a fully expressed, domed male thorax. One #1 has a fully female thorax, two (#2, 7) have largely male thoraxes. All, except two, have either male or female claws on each leg; the exceptions are #1 with all female claws and #8 with all male. Four (#3, 6, 7, 8) have essentially unmodified male genitalia.</p><p>Specimen #3 possesses a spermatophore (Fig. 11), a sperm packet deposited by male simuliids (Davies 1965). This is firmly placed between the 7th and 8th sternites - definitive evidence that this individual had mated!</p><p>Two specimens (#4, 5) have mixtures of male and female genitalia similar to that of A. ungulatum (e.g., Fig 14); one of these (#5) has a swollen abdomen that on dissection showed only undifferentiated yolk. One specimen #1 only has fully expressed female genitalia.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87B84869B465FF60FB1EFCD65C68	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Craig, Douglas A.;Crosby, Trevor K.	Craig, Douglas A., Crosby, Trevor K. (2008): Gynandromorphs of New Zealand Austrosimulium spp. (Diptera: Simuliidae). Zootaxa 1811 (1): 57-68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1811.1.4, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1811.1.4
03DD87B84869B466FF60F890FEB35A8E.text	03DD87B84869B466FF60F890FEB35A8E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Austrosimulium ungulatum Tonnoir 1925	<div><p>Austrosimulium ungulatum Tonnoir 1925 .</p><p>Of the nine specimens identified as A. ungulatum, one (#5) lacks the head (Table 2). Of the remainder, four (#1-4) have the left side of the head fully female, two (#6, 7) male and two (#8, 9) partially male. Three (#1, 2, 8) have fully expressed male eyes on the right (Fig. 12), another (#7) is partially male on that side. The two specimens (#7, 8) having male eyes on both sides are dichoptic; however, both have only partially expressed male eyes on one side or the other. Two (#3, 4) have fully female heads and three specimens (#1, 7, 8) have both male and female antennae (e.g., Fig 12). All nine each have a fully expressed, domed, male thorax. Seven (#1-4, 7-9) have either male or female claws on the legs. Two (#5, 6) have only male claws. Specimen #1 has, on one leg, both a male and a female claw (Fig. 13)! All specimens express some male genitalia, but only three (#6, 7, 9) are fully so, though #7 has a distorted 8th sternite, and #9 a deformed gonostylus. The remaining specimens show various mixtures of male and female genitalia, ranging from two (#5, 8) with essentially bilateral gynandromorphy (Fig. 14), to two (#1, 4) with essentially un-interpretable mixtures of genitalic structures.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87B84869B466FF60F890FEB35A8E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Craig, Douglas A.;Crosby, Trevor K.	Craig, Douglas A., Crosby, Trevor K. (2008): Gynandromorphs of New Zealand Austrosimulium spp. (Diptera: Simuliidae). Zootaxa 1811 (1): 57-68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1811.1.4, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1811.1.4
