identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03D8B56CFFB6FFF1FF4D782849E8FA20.text	03D8B56CFFB6FFF1FF4D782849E8FA20.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nothophryne broadleyi Poynton 1963	<div><p>Nothophryne broadleyi Poynton, 1963</p><p>Mongrel Frog; Broadley’ s Mountain Frog (Figs 3A–D)</p><p>Synonym —  Nothophryne broadleyi – Poynton 1963, p. 326; Poynton 1964, p. 212; Stewart 1967, p. 102; Stevens 1974, p. 8; Poynton &amp; Broadley 1985, p. 173; Poynton &amp; Broadley 1991, p. 262; Broadley 2001, p. 34; Channing 2001, p. 301; Mercurio 2011, p. 286.</p><p>Material examined —  PEM A10714 (adult male),  SAIAB 96460.1 - 3 (three adult males),  BMNH 165-817 (adult female paratype),  BMNH 1973-373 (adult female),   BMNH 1973-375 and 276 (two adult males).  All material listed here is from Mount Mulanje, southern Malawi  .</p><p>Redefined Diagnosis —  Nothophryne broadleyi can be distinguished from other  Nothophryne by the following: presence of a long narrow median lingual process (approximately 1.0 mm) on the dorsal surface of the tongue ( N. baylissi sp. nov. – up to 0.5 mm long;  N. inagoensis sp. nov. – less than 0.2 mm long;  N. ribauensis sp. nov. – marginally elevated tubercle;  N. unilurio sp. nov. – absent) (Fig. 2A), tympanum clearly visible (obscured or barely visible in  N. baylissi sp. nov.), and slower higher pitched call with evenly spaced notes (compared to faster and more complicated call structures in  N. baylissi sp. nov. and  N. ribauensis sp. nov.). The sequences of  Nothophryne broadleyi differ from the other species of  Nothophryne by 5–7% (16S p-distance) and 3–5% (RAG 1 p-distance).  Nothophryne broadleyi is allopatric with respect to all other  Nothophryne species.</p><p>Description of adult male (PEM A10714) —Small to medium size frog, SUL 17.8 mm. Body is slender, dorsolateral flattened, widest at armpits. Head broad (HW/SUL 0.40), rounded from above in profile, head length is moderate to short (HL/SUL 0.32). Canthus rostralis rounded, straight from eye to nostril, loreal region slightly sloped outwards towards nostrils. Nostrils small, rounded, directed laterally, teardrop shaped angled downwards and backwards to eye, positioned slightly closer to the eye than the snout (EN/SL 0.48). Internarinal distance is larger than distance between eye and nostril (IND/EN 1.46). Eyes directed anterolaterally, the eyes protrude, and not visible from below, moderate in size (ED/HW 0.31; ED/HL 0.39), nearly equal to interorbatial distance (ED/IOD 1.2). Distance between anterior corners of eyes is equal to the internarinal distance (IOD/IND 0.54). The angle of the jaw slopes slightly upwards posteriorly from snout to just behind eye level. Tympanum clearly visible, with no clear glandular ridge above tympanum from eye to base of forearm. Jaws without maxillary and premaxillary teeth, lower jaw with small anterior vomerine odontophore with central projection; choanae small, round, located at anterior margins of the roof of the mouth; tongue long (2.9 mm), same width proximally to distally (∼ 2.2 mm), slightly bifurcated distally, 75% attached to lower jaw, narrow median lingual process present on the dorsal surface of the tongue.</p><p>The dorsal surfaces of the head, trunk and limbs are rough, with glands and skin folds present; the rictal gland is smooth slightly elevated from angle of jaw to form a continuous posteriorly directed ridge just above arm insertion, with numerous white tipped asperities. Supratympanic fold inconspicuous; throat with enlarged anterior scattered asperities (forming six randomly scattered deep rows), scattered asperities (forming 2–3 randomly scattered deep rows) along the lateral margins of jaw to just behind jaw angle. No gular pouch or flap present, a small slit on the inside of the mouth at the angle of the jaw gives access to the vocal sac. Ventrally smooth, upper jaw protruding over lower jaw, with very light mottled appearance, vocal sac dark anteriorly, getting mottled to about arm insertion (Fig. 3D).</p><p>Forelimbs stubby, hand small (HAL/SUL 0.23), fingertips bluntly rounded and slightly swollen. Relative finger lengths I &lt;II &lt;IV &lt;III; subarticular tubercles distinct, rounded, with one on each finger, no proximal subarticular present. No webbing between fingers. Thenar tubercle small, rounded, partially obscured by nuptial pad that reaches the distal phalanx of the first finger; two palmar tubercles small, rounded, and smooth; inner and outer metacarpal tubercle absent. One very small mid-supernumerary palmar tubercle present on the palm.</p><p>Hind limbs moderately long (TL/SUL 0.51; FL/SUL 0.45), feet nearly equal in length of tibia (TL/FL 1.1); thighs are moderately developed, with rough elevated glands on the inner posterior faces; relative toe lengths are I &lt;II &lt;III &lt;V &lt;IV. The toe tips are slightly expanded; subarticular tubercles: one on Toes I to III, two on Toes IV and V. No webbing between toes. Inner metatarsal tubercle conical and prominent, outer metatarsal tubercle absent.</p><p>Colour in life (Fig. 3A) —The dorsum green with darker raised glands covered with small white tipped asperities, dorsal lighter yellow to white vertebral line present, light yellow to white interorbital band present, bordered behind by a darker bar. Venter is clear with slight black mottling and blotches. Nuptial pads prominent, but lighter than rest of fingers. Arms and legs are strongly cross-banded.</p><p>Colour in preservative —The dorsum dark brown with small white tipped asperities on the darker raised glands, dorsal lighter vertebral line present. Venter immaculate white with bold black pigmentation, throat finely and evenly black pigmentation up to anterior chest region in line with forearms. The inner thighs and anterior abdomen free of pigmented, forearms slightly pigmented.</p><p>Variation —All males examined showed similar body proportions to the male described above (Table 2; Supplementary Table 4). The males range in SUL from 16.6–19.2 mm. All males examined had a light vertebral line, also reported in most specimens (male and females) examined previously (Poynton &amp; Broadley 1985). SAIAB 96460.1 and 96460.3 have fewer asperities on dorsum, warts and are mostly confined to the outer edges of the throat. SAIAB 96460.1 has three larger mid palmer tubercles than other males examined. Males up to 20 mm and females up to 27.5 mm (Poynton &amp; Broadley 1985). In males, the throat has a more blotched patterning compared to evenly pigmented females.</p><p>Advertisement call —The following call description is based on a single male that was calling from a concealed position amongst moss, located on an exposed rock surface with a film of water running from a seepage (Fig. 4A). The call sounds like a stretched out “trrrr”, which is repeated up to nine times in less than 45 seconds or at a rate of 12 calls per minute with the dominant frequency at 3 469 Hz and the fundamental frequency at 1 734 Hz. The call duration is 0.3 ± 0.1 seconds (s) and is separated from the next call by 5.3 ± 1.4 s (n = 9). Each call comprises out of three to eight evenly spaced notes. Separate note duration is 5.7 ± 1.3 milliseconds (ms), with 40.0 ± 7.5 ms interval between successive notes. The only previous description of  Nothophryne broadleyi call is described as a “weak chirp” (Poynton &amp; Broadley 1985; Channing 2001).</p><p>Natural History —Collected under rocks on the summit of Mount Mulanje (2 715 m above sea level – asl) (Poynton 1963) and under moss (Cunningham pers. comm. 2010) (Fig. 3B). Males call hidden underneath moss growing on the surface of the rock near seepages. Eggs are laid in wet moss near seepages. Egg diameter about 1.5 mm, with a clutch size up to 30 eggs. Tadpoles disperse by moving across wet rock (Poynton &amp; Broadley 1985).</p><p>Distribution —Currently only known from the Mount Mulanje isolate in southern Malawi (Poynton &amp; Broadley 1985; Mercurio 2011). Poynton &amp; Broadley (1985) suggest that there might be a second species present on the lower slopes on Mount Mulanje.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D8B56CFFB6FFF1FF4D782849E8FA20	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Conradie, Werner;Bittencourt-Silva, Gabriela B.;Bittencourt-Silva;Farooq, Harith M.;Loader, Simon P.;and, Michele Menegon;Tolley, Krystal A.	Conradie, Werner, Bittencourt-Silva, Gabriela B., Bittencourt-Silva, Farooq, Harith M., Loader, Simon P., and, Michele Menegon, Tolley, Krystal A. (2018): New species of Mongrel Frogs (Pyxicephalidae: Nothophryne) for northern Mozambique inselbergs. African Journal of Herpetology 67 (1): 61-85, DOI: 10.1080/21564574.2017.1376714, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/21564574.2017.1376714
03D8B56CFFBBFFF5FF4D7C3D4E36FCBB.text	03D8B56CFFBBFFF5FF4D7C3D4E36FCBB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nothophryne baylissi Conradie & Bittencourt-Silva & Bittencourt-Silva & Farooq & Loader & and & Tolley 2018	<div><p>Nothophryne baylissi sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 61F1B19E-8D7F-4628-A1C6-820F1EBA114F</p><p>Namuli Mongrel Frog; Namuli Mountain Frog (Figs 4A–D, 6A–C)</p><p>Synonym —  Nothophryne broadleyi – Timberlake et al. 2009; Conradie et al. 2016 (part)   Holotype — NHM UK 2018.02284 (was PEM A11320) adult male, collected from eastern slopes of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=37.07211&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.3615" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 37.07211/lat -15.3615)">Ukalini Forest at the base of the two Namuli granite domes</a> (15.3615° S, 37.07211° E, 1 591 m asl), Mozambique by W. Conradie on 27 November 2014.</p><p>Paratype males (18) —a) PEM A11322, 11324, 11326-7, 11329, 11331, 11333, 11334-7, 11340. Same collection details as the holotype .   b) PEM A11342, 11344-7. Collected from Namuli massif on the lower slopes of the granite dome, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=37.03352&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.38642" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 37.03352/lat -15.38642)">Mount Pese</a> (15.38642° S, 37.03352° E, 1 110 m asl), Mozambique by G.B. Bittencourt-Silva and H.M. Engelbrecht on 28 November 2014. All specimens were adult males.</p><p>Paratype females (7) —a) NHM UK 2018.02285 (was PEM A11321), PEM A11323, 13328, 11330, 11339. Same collection details as holotype.  b) PEM A11343. Collected from Namuli massif on the lower slopes of the granite dome, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=37.03352&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.38642" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 37.03352/lat -15.38642)">Mount Pese</a> (15.38642° S, 37.03352° E, 1 110 m asl) by G.B. Bittencourt-Silva and H.M. Engelbrecht on 28 November 2014. All specimens are adult females.</p><p>Additional juvenile material (3) —  PEM A11325, 11332, and 11338. Same collection details as holotype .</p><p>Diagnosis —  Nothophryne baylissi sp. nov. can be distinguished from other  Nothophryne by the following: presence of a narrow median lingual process (approximately 0.5 mm) on the dorsal surface of the tongue (from  N. broadleyi – up to 1.0 mm long;  N. inagoensis sp. nov. – less than 0.2 mm long;  N. ribauensis sp. nov. – marginally elevated tubercle;  N. unilurio sp. nov. – absent) (Fig. 2B), tympanum obscured or barely visible (clearly visible in  N. broadleyi,  N. ribauensis sp. nov.,  N. unilurio sp. nov.), and medium paced call with clusters of notes (compared to higher pitched and evenly spaced call of  N. broadleyi, and more complicated call structures of  N. ribauensis sp. nov.). The sequences of  Nothophryne baylissi sp. nov. differ from the other species of  Nothophryne by 5–7% (16S p-distance) and 3–5% (RAG1 p-distance).  Nothophryne baylissi sp. nov. is allopatric with all other  Nothophryne species.</p><p>Etymology —We name this species in honour of Dr Julian Bayliss who was the first to document this unique species of frog from the slopes of Mount Namuli, during the Kew Gardens-Darwin Initiative expedition to these inselbergs (Timberlake et al. 2009).</p><p>Description of the Holotype —Small to medium size frog, SUL 17.9 mm. Body is slender, dorsolateral flattened, widest at armpits. Head broad (HW/SUL 0.39), rounded from above in profile, head length is moderate to short (HL/SUL 0.34). Canthus rostralis rounded, straight from eye to nostril, loreal region slightly sloped outwards towards nostrils. Nostrils small, rounded, directed laterally, teardrop shaped angled downwards and backwards to eye, positioned midway between the eye and the snout (EN/SL 0.50). Internarinal distance is smaller than distance between eye and nostril (IND/EN 0.80). Eyes directed anterolaterally, the eyes protrude, and slightly visible from below, moderate in size (ED/HW 0.32; ED/ HL 0.37), nearly equal to interorbital distance (ED/IOD 1.29). Distance between anterior corners of eyes is much greater to the internostril distance (IOD/IND 1.42). The angle of the jaw slopes slightly upwards posteriorly from snout to just behind eye level. Tympanum obscure, with no clear glandular ridge above tympanum from eye to base of forearm. Jaws without maxillary and premaxillary teeth, lower jaw with small, anterior vomerine odontophore with central projection; choanae small, round, located at anterior margins of the roof of the mouth; tongue long (3.2 mm), same width proximally to distally (∼ 1.5 mm), slightly bifurcated distally, 25% attached to lower jaw, median narrow small median lingual process present on the dorsal surface of the tongue.</p><p>The dorsal surfaces of the head, trunk and limbs are rough, with glands and skin folds present, chevron elevated shape on back; the rictal gland is smooth slightly elevated from angle of jaw to form a continues posteriorly ridge just before arm insertion. Supratympanic fold inconspicuous. No gular pouch or flap present, a small slit on the inside of the mouth at the angle of the jaw gives access to the vocal sac. Ventrally smooth, upper jaw protruding over lower jaw, with very light mottled appearance, vocal sac dark with some lighter mottling (Fig. 5D).</p><p>The forelimbs are stubby, hands small (HAL/SUL 0.24), fingertips bluntly rounded and slightly swollen. Relative finger lengths I &lt;II &lt;IV &lt;III; subarticular tubercles distinct, rounded, with one on each finger, no proximal subarticular present. No webbing between fingers. Thenar tubercle small, rounded, partially obscured by nuptial pad that reaches the distal phalanx of the first finger; two palmar tubercles small, rounded, and smooth; inner metacarpal tubercle absent; outer metacarpal tubercle present, smaller than mid-palmar metacarpal tubercle. One very small mid-supernumerary palmar tubercle present on the palm at base of Finger III.</p><p>Hind limbs moderately long (TL/SUL 0.51; FL/SUL 0.49), feet nearly equal in length of tibia (TL/FL 1.0); thighs are moderately developed, with rough elevated glands on the inner posterior ventral surface; relative toe lengths are I &lt;II &lt;III &lt;V &lt;IV. The toe tips are slightly expanded; subarticular tubercles: one on Toes I to III, two on Toes IV and V. No webbing between toes. Inner metatarsal tubercle conical and prominent, outer metatarsal tubercle absent.</p><p>Colour in life (Fig. 5A) —The dorsum green with darker raised glands covered with small white tipped asperities, dorsal lighter yellow to white vertebral line present, light yellow to white interorbital band present, bordered behind by a darker bar. Venter is clear with slight black mottling and blotches. Nuptial pads prominent, but lighter than rest of fingers. Arms and legs are strongly cross-banded.</p><p>Colour in preservative —The dorsum very dark with small white tipped asperities on the raised glands, lighter interorbital bar present. Venter immaculate white with some black blotches anterior, throat finely and unevenly black pigmentation up to anterior chest region in line with forearms. The inner thighs and anterior abdomen free of pigmented, forearms slightly pigmented. Palms and soles of feet dark.</p><p>Male variation —All males examined showed similar body proportions to the male described above (Table 2; Supplementary Table 4). The males range in SUL from 13.3– 19.5 mm. All, except PEM A11307, 11331 and 11326, have vertebral line. PEM A11326 and 11322 light dorsum with paired darker blotches. All males have narrow small median lingual process present on the dorsal surface of the tongue. The tympanum is only visible in three (PEM A11322, 11345, 11346) out of 18 paratype males.</p><p>Female variation —The females range in SUL from 20.7–25.9 mm (Table 2; Supplementary Table 4). White vertebral line present in PEM A11323 and 11330. White mid-dorsal patch present in PEM A11325. Light inter orbital bar and snout present in PEM A11339 and NHM UK 2018.02285.  The tympanum is only visible in three (PEM A11323, 11328, 11328) out of seven paratype females.</p><p>Advertisement call —The following call description is based on a single male recorded on the eastern slopes of Mount Namuli on 27 November 2014 at approximately 20:00 (Fig. 4B). The call consist out of two high pitched “creak”, which is repeated up to six times in less than 2 s or at a rate of 20 calls per minute with the dominant frequency at 2 096–3 094 Hz and the fundamental frequency at 1 453–1 547 Hz. The call duration is 0.13 ± 0.07 s and is separated from the next call by 0.38 ± 0.31 s (n = 30). Each call comprises out of 5–13 notes, arranged in either clusters of 2–6 notes (n = 5) or evenly spaced (n = 14). Separate note duration is 4.4 ± 1.9 ms, with 12.5 ± 18.1 ms interval between successive notes.</p><p>Natural History —Males call exposed from positions near seeping water on the rock face (Figs 5B, 6B). Eggs are laid in moist moss growing over rock surface (Fig. 5A). Tadpoles live on films of water flowing over rock surface (Fig. 6C).</p><p>Distribution —Currently only known from Mount Namuli in central Mozambique.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D8B56CFFBBFFF5FF4D7C3D4E36FCBB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Conradie, Werner;Bittencourt-Silva, Gabriela B.;Bittencourt-Silva;Farooq, Harith M.;Loader, Simon P.;and, Michele Menegon;Tolley, Krystal A.	Conradie, Werner, Bittencourt-Silva, Gabriela B., Bittencourt-Silva, Farooq, Harith M., Loader, Simon P., and, Michele Menegon, Tolley, Krystal A. (2018): New species of Mongrel Frogs (Pyxicephalidae: Nothophryne) for northern Mozambique inselbergs. African Journal of Herpetology 67 (1): 61-85, DOI: 10.1080/21564574.2017.1376714, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/21564574.2017.1376714
03D8B56CFFBFFFE8FF4D79BB4E26FF4B.text	03D8B56CFFBFFFE8FF4D79BB4E26FF4B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nothophryne inagoensis Conradie & Bittencourt-Silva & Bittencourt-Silva & Farooq & Loader & and & Tolley 2018	<div><p>Nothophryne inagoensis sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 7433A790-7227-4992-875C-9BB353754306</p><p>Inago Mogrel Frog; Inago Mountain Frog (Figs 7A–D)</p><p>Holotype — PEM A12159, juvenile, collected from a granite dome located on the southern side of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=37.39611&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.045" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 37.39611/lat -15.045)">Mount Inago</a> (15.04500° S, 37.39611° E, 1 267 m asl), Mozambique by W. Conradie, K.A. Tolley and G.B. Bittencourt-Silva on 18 April 2017.</p><p>Paratypes (15) — PEM 12160-70,   NHML NHM UK 2018.02289-90, all juveniles.  Same collection details as holotype  .</p><p>Additional material (2) —   PEM A11657-7, two metamorphs, collected from the northern slopes of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=37.42836&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.15567" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 37.42836/lat -15.15567)">Mount Inago</a> (15.15567° S, 37.42836° E, 1 230 m asl), Mozambique by J. Bayliss on 15 May 2009  .</p><p>Diagnosis —  Nothophryne inagoensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from other  Nothophryne by the following: presence of a very short narrow median lingual process (approximately 0.2 mm) on the dorsal surface of the tongue ( N. broadleyi – up to 1.0 mm long;  N. baylissi sp. nov. – up to 0.5 mm long;  N. ribauensis sp. nov. – marginally elevated tubercle;  N. unilurio sp. nov. – absent) (Fig. 2C), tympanum visible (differs only form  N. baylissi sp. nov. which is obscured or barely visible). The sequences of  Nothophryne inagoensis sp. nov. differ from the other species of  Nothophryne by 4–6% (16S p-distance) and 2–5% (RAG1 p-distance).  Nothophryne inagoensis sp. nov. is allopatric from all other  Nothophryne species.</p><p>Etymology —The new species is named after Mount Inago, where this species is endemic.</p><p>Description of holotype —Small to medium size frog, SUL 15.2 mm. Body is slender, dorsolateral flattened, widest at armpits. Head broad (HW/SUL 0.38), rounded from above in profile, head length is moderate to short (HL/SUL 0.34). Canthus rostralis rounded, straight from eye to nostril, loreal region slightly sloped outwards towards nostrils. Nostrils small, rounded, directed laterally, teardrop shaped angled downwards and backwards to eye, positioned slightly closer to the snout than the eye (EN/SL 0.50). Internarinal distance is larger than distance between eye and nostril (IND/EN 1.39). Eyes directed anterolaterally, the eyes protrude, and visible from below, moderate to large in size (ED/HW 0.37; ED/HL 0.41), just more than one and a half times the interorbital distance (ED/IOD 1.62). Distance between anterior corners of eyes is smaller than the internostril distance (IOD/IND 0.72). The angle of the jaw slopes slightly upwards posteriorly from snout to just behind eye level. Tympanum clearly visible, with a light glandular ridge above tympanum from eye to base of forearm. Jaws without maxillary and premaxillary teeth, lower jaw with small anterior vomerine odontophore with central projection; choanae small, round, located at anterior margins of the roof of the mouth; tongue very long (4.8 mm), same width proximally to distally (∼ 2.5 mm), bifurcated distally, first 25% attached to lower jaw, very small narrow median lingual process present on the dorsal surface of the tongue.</p><p>The dorsal surfaces of the head, trunk and limbs are smooth, with slightly raised glands and skin folds present; the rictal gland is smooth slightly elevated from angle of jaw to form a continues posteriorly ridge just before arm insertion, with some white tipped spikes. Supratympanic fold conspicuous; throat with no enlarge anterior scattered spikes. No gular pouch or flap present, a small slit on the inside of the mouth at the angle of the jaw gives access to the vocal sac. Ventrally smooth, upper jaw protruding over lower jaw, with very light mottled appearance, vocal sac dark with no mottled appearance anteriorly, getting mottled to about arm insertion (Fig. 7D).</p><p>The forelimb is stubby, hand small (HAL/SUL 0.26), finger tips bluntly rounded and slightly swollen. Relative finger lengths I &lt;II &lt;IV &lt;III; subarticular tubercles distinct, rounded, with one on each finger, no proximal subarticular present. No webbing between fingers. Thenar tubercle small, rounded, that reaches the distal phalanx of the first finger; inner metacarpal tubercle absent, outer metacarpal tubercle inconspicuous, central metacarpal tubercle present. One very small palmar tubercle present on the palm at the base of Finger III.</p><p>Hind limbs moderately long (TL/SUL 0.54; FL/SUL 0.51), foot nearly equal in length of tibia (TL/FL 1.1); thighs are moderately developed, with rough elevated glands on the inner posterior faces; relative toe lengths are I &lt;II &lt;III &lt;V &lt;IV. The toe tips are slightly expanded; subarticular tubercles: one on Toes I to III, two on Toes IV and V. No webbing between toes. Inner metatarsal tubercle conical and prominent, outer metatarsal tubercle absent.</p><p>Colour in life (Fig. 7A) —The dorsum brown with darker raised glands, no lighter vertebral line present, a lighter triangular snout patch present. Venter is clear with very slight black pigmentation present anteriorly of the snout forming larger blotches to the forearm midline. Arms and legs are strongly cross-banded, with upper arms clear of bands.</p><p>Colour in preservative —The dorsum dark brown with small darker raised glands, no dorsal lighter vertebral line present. Venter immaculate white with no bold black pigmentation, throat finely black pigmentation up to anterior chest region just below line with forearms. From just above the forearms midline is larger darker blotches randomly scattered to just below the forearms midline. Sole of feet and hands are dark pigmented, with tubercles being lighter in colouration. The inner thighs and anterior abdomen free of pigmented, forearms slightly pigmented. Palm and sole of feet darkened.</p><p>Variation —All the material examine conforms morphologically to the holotype (Table 2; Supplementary Table 4). All paratypes conform to the overall coloration described for the holotype: except all the paratypes have a interorbital bar lighter coloured than the lighter triangular snout patch, PEM A 12161 and 12172 have a light mid dorsal line, and all have a different degree of darker pigmentation over the throat up to the forearm midline.</p><p>Advertisement call —Currently unknown. At the time of the collection no breeding activity was observed.</p><p>Natural History —Juveniles were collected hiding under moss growing over the rock face were water seeps occurs (Fig. 7B).</p><p>Distribution —Currently only known from Mount Inago in central Mozambique.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D8B56CFFBFFFE8FF4D79BB4E26FF4B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Conradie, Werner;Bittencourt-Silva, Gabriela B.;Bittencourt-Silva;Farooq, Harith M.;Loader, Simon P.;and, Michele Menegon;Tolley, Krystal A.	Conradie, Werner, Bittencourt-Silva, Gabriela B., Bittencourt-Silva, Farooq, Harith M., Loader, Simon P., and, Michele Menegon, Tolley, Krystal A. (2018): New species of Mongrel Frogs (Pyxicephalidae: Nothophryne) for northern Mozambique inselbergs. African Journal of Herpetology 67 (1): 61-85, DOI: 10.1080/21564574.2017.1376714, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/21564574.2017.1376714
03D8B56CFFA2FFEBFF4D7AFE4E35FF4B.text	03D8B56CFFA2FFEBFF4D7AFE4E35FF4B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nothophryne ribauensis Conradie & Bittencourt-Silva & Bittencourt-Silva & Farooq & Loader & and & Tolley 2018	<div><p>Nothophryne ribauensis sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 5BCE8B9A-96A3-4872-A54F-1C8CBAA76CD1</p><p>Ribáuè Mongrel Frog; Ribáuè Mountain Frog (Figs 8A–D)</p><p>Synonym —  Nothophryne broadleyi – Blake 1965, p. 38, Poynton 1966, p. 23, Poynton &amp; Broadley 1985, p. 173 (in part); Poynton &amp; Broadley 1991, p. 262 (in part); Broadley 2001, p. 34 (in part); Channing 2001, p. 301 (in part); Mercurio 2011, p. 286 (in part); Conradie et al. 2016 (part).</p><p>Holotype — PEM A11372, adult male, collected from the eastern slopes of Mount M’ pàluwé, part of the Ribáuè massif (14.91186° S, 38.31623° E, 632 m asl), Mozambique by W. Conradie and H.M. Engelbrecht on 3 December 2014.</p><p>Paratype male — PEM A11371, adult male. Same collection details as holotype .</p><p>Paratypes female (2) — PEM A11369-7, gravid adult females. Same collection details as holotype .</p><p>Additional material (6) —   PEM A12174, 12176-78, NHML NHM UK 2018.02287-8 all juveniles, collected from the exposed granite slopes of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=37.42836&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.15567" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 37.42836/lat -15.15567)">Mount Ribáuè</a> (15.15567° S, 37.42836° E, 1 230 m asl) by W. Conradie, S.P. Loader, K.A. Tolley and G.B. Bittencourt-Silva on 12–14 April 2017  .</p><p>Diagnosis —  Nothophryne ribauensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from other  Nothophryne by the following: presence of an elevated median lingual process (approximately. 0.1 mm) on the dorsal surface of the tongue ( N. broadleyi – up to 1.0 mm long;  N. baylissi sp. nov. – up to 0.5 mm long;  N. inagoensis sp. nov. – up to 0.2 mm long;  N. unilurio sp. nov. –absent) (Fig. 2D), tympanum clearly visible (differs only form  N. baylissi sp. nov. which is obscured or barely visible), and very fast paced call with a very complicated call structure (compared to the more evenly spaced or clustered calls of  N. broadleyi and  N. ribauensis sp. nov.). The sequences of  Nothophryne ribauensis sp. nov. differ from the other species of  Nothophryne by 4–6% (16S p-distance) and 2–5% (RAG1 p-distance).  Nothophryne ribauensis sp. nov. is allopatric with all other  Nothophryne species.</p><p>Etymology —The new species is named after Mount Ribáuè, from which it is currently only known from both Mount Ribáuè and Mount M’ pàluwé section of the massif.</p><p>Description of holotype —Small to medium size frog, SUL 18.1 mm. Body is slender, dorsolateral flattened, widest at armpits. Head broad (HW/SUL 0.39), rounded from above in profile, head length is moderate to short (HL/SUL 0.33). Canthus rostralis rounded, straight from eye to nostril, loreal region slightly sloped outwards towards nostrils. Nostrils small, rounded, directed laterally, teardrop shaped angled downwards and backwards to eye, positioned slightly closer to the snout than the eye (EN/SL 0.54). Internarinal distance is larger than distance between eye and nostril (IND/EN 1.36). Eyes directed anterolaterally, the eyes protrude, and visible from below, moderate to large in size (ED/HW 0.38; ED/HL 0.46), nearly twice the interorbital distance (ED/IOD 1.92). Distance between anterior corners of eyes is smaller than the internostril distance (IOD/IND 0.73). The angle of the jaw slopes slightly upwards posteriorly from snout to just behind eye level. Tympanum clearly visible, with a light glandular ridge above tympanum from eye to base of forearm. Jaws without maxillary and premaxillary teeth, lower jaw with small anterior vomerine odontophore with central projection; choanae small, round, located at anterior margins of the roof of the mouth; tongue very long (4.3 mm), same width proximally to distally (∼ 2.2 mm), bifurcated distally, first 25% attached to lower jaw, no narrow median lingual process present on the dorsal surface of the tongue.</p><p>The dorsal surfaces of the head, trunk and limbs are smooth, with slightly raised glands and skin folds present; the rictal gland is smooth slightly elevated from angle of jaw to form a continues posteriorly ridge just before arm insertion, with some white tipped asperities. Supratympanic fold conspicuous; throat with no enlarge anterior scattered asperities. No gular pouch or flap present, a small slit on the inside of the mouth at the angle of the jaw gives access to the vocal sac. Ventrally smooth, upper jaw protruding over lower jaw, with very light mottled appearance, vocal sac dark with no mottled appearance anteriorly, getting mottled to about arm insertion (Fig. 8D).</p><p>The forelimbs are stubby, hands small (HAL/SUL 0.25), fingertips bluntly rounded and slightly swollen. Relative finger lengths I &lt;II &lt;IV &lt;III; subarticular tubercles distinct, rounded, with one on each finger, no proximal subarticular present. No webbing between fingers. Thenar tubercle small, rounded, partially obscured by nuptial pad that reaches the distal phalanx of the first finger; inner metacarpal tubercle absent, outer metacarpal tubercle inconspicuous, central metacarpal tubercle present. One very small palmar tubercle present on the palm at the base of Finger III.</p><p>Hind limbs moderately long (TL/SUL 0.56; FL/SUL 0.54), feet nearly equal in length of tibia (TL/FL 1.0); thighs are moderately developed, with rough elevated glands on the inner posterior faces; relative toe lengths are I &lt;II &lt;III &lt;V &lt;IV. The toe tips are slightly expanded; subarticular tubercles: one on Toes I to III, two on Toes IV and V. No webbing between toes. Inner metatarsal tubercle conical and prominent, outer metatarsal tubercle absent.</p><p>Colour in life (Fig. 8A) —The dorsum brown with darker raised glands covered with small white tipped asperities, no lighter vertebral line present, a light yellow to white triangle on snout, lighter mid-dorsal chevron patch present. Venter is clear with slight black mottling and blotches. Nuptial pads prominent, but lighter than rest of fingers. Arms and legs are strongly cross-banded.</p><p>Colour in preservative —The dorsum dark brown with small white tipped asperities on the darker raised glands, dorsal lighter vertebral line absent, mid-dorsal light patch present. Venter immaculate white with no bold black pigmentation, throat finely and evenly black pigmentation up to anterior chest region above line with forearms. The inner thighs and anterior abdomen free of pigmented, forearms slightly pigmented. Palm and sole of feet darkened.</p><p>Variation —Additional paratype male conform to the holotype description in all regards and showed similar body proportions described above (Table 2; Supplementary Table 4). All specimens examined, except for paratype female (PEM A11370), showed no light vertebral line with mid-dorsum lighter patch. Paratype females conform to holotype, except: dorsum smoother with no elevated glands or skin folds, throat slightly mottled, longer thinner fingers, tips more swollen. Thenar tubercle much larger, rounded, palmar tubercles obvious, rounded, with on the palm, one at base of each finger, except Finger III with two, more prominent than in the males. Central metacarpal tubercle much larger than outer metacarpal tubercle, which is elevated.</p><p>Advertisement call —The following call description is based on a single male recorded on the eastern slopes of the Ribáuè massif, specifically Mount M’ pàluwé (part of the massif) on 3 December 2014 at approximately 20:00 (Fig. 4C). Adult males were calling exposed from a seepage area over exposed rock surface. The call consist out of long “chuckle”, which is repeated up to up to five times in less than 10 s or at a rate of 128 calls per minute with the dominant frequency at 2 842 Hz and the fundamental frequency at 1 335 Hz. The call duration is 0.56 ± 0.40 s and is separated from the next call by 2.45 ± 2.02 s (n = 11). The call structure is very complicated with up to 15 pulsed groups of notes.</p><p>Natural History —Males call exposed from seepages over rock face (Fig. 8B). Distribution —Currently only known from Mount Ribáuè in central Mozambique.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D8B56CFFA2FFEBFF4D7AFE4E35FF4B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Conradie, Werner;Bittencourt-Silva, Gabriela B.;Bittencourt-Silva;Farooq, Harith M.;Loader, Simon P.;and, Michele Menegon;Tolley, Krystal A.	Conradie, Werner, Bittencourt-Silva, Gabriela B., Bittencourt-Silva, Farooq, Harith M., Loader, Simon P., and, Michele Menegon, Tolley, Krystal A. (2018): New species of Mongrel Frogs (Pyxicephalidae: Nothophryne) for northern Mozambique inselbergs. African Journal of Herpetology 67 (1): 61-85, DOI: 10.1080/21564574.2017.1376714, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/21564574.2017.1376714
03D8B56CFFA1FFEDFF4D7AFE4970FB8B.text	03D8B56CFFA1FFEDFF4D7AFE4970FB8B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nothophryne unilurio Conradie & Bittencourt-Silva & Bittencourt-Silva & Farooq & Loader & and & Tolley 2018	<div><p>Nothophryne unilurio sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: C0667E79-6887-463F-A2FB-8FD33E89BC8A</p><p>Quirimbas Mongrel Frog; Quirimbas Mountain Frog (Figs 9A–D, 6D)</p><p>Holotype — PEM A12114, adult male, collected from Taratibu Hills (12.82178° S, 39.68658° E, 475 m asl), Mozambique by H. M. Farooq on 20 December 2014.</p><p>Paratype — PEM A12115, adult male. Same collection details as holotype .</p><p>Diagnosis —  Nothophryne unilurio sp. nov. can be distinguished from other  Nothophryne by the following: absence of a median lingual process on the dorsal surface of the tongue ( N. broadleyi – up to 1.0 mm long;  N. baylissi sp. nov. – up to 0.5 mm long;  N. inagoensis sp. nov. – up to 0.2 mm long;  N. ribauensis sp. nov. – a marginally elevated tubercle) (Fig. 2E), tympanum clearly visible (obscured in  N. baylissi sp. nov. The sequences of  Nothophryne unilurio sp. nov. differ from the other species of  Nothophryne by 6–7% (16S p-distance) and 4–5% (RAG1 p-distance). This species is allopatric with all other  Nothophryne species.</p><p>Etymology —Named after Lúrio University, Pemba, Mozambique where Harith Farooq is Director of the Natural Sciences Faculty. The composition comprise out of uni for University and lurio for Lúrio.</p><p>Description of holotype —Small to medium size frog, SUL 17.3 mm. Body is slender, dorsolateral flattened, widest at armpits. Head broad (HW/SUL 0.40), rounded from above in profile, head length is moderate to short (HL/SUL 0.31). Canthus rostralis rounded, straight from eye to nostril, loreal region slightly sloped outwards towards nostrils. Nostrils small, rounded, directed laterally, teardrop shaped angled downwards and backwards to eye, positioned midway between snout and the eye (EN/SL 0.52). Internarinal distance is larger than distance between eye and nostril (IND/EN 1.5). Eyes directed anterolaterally, the eyes protrude, and not visible from below, moderate in size (ED/HW 0.33; ED/HL 0.43), larger than the interorbatial distance (ED/IOD 1.28). Distance between anterior corners of eyes is equal to the internostril distance (IOD/IND 1.0). The angle of the jaw slopes slightly upwards posteriorly from snout to just behind eye level. Tympanum clearly visible, with inconspicuous glandular ridge above tympanum from eye to base of forearm. Jaws without maxillary and premaxillary teeth, lower jaw with small anterior vomerine odontophore with central projection; choanae small, round, located at anterior margins of the roof of the mouth; tongue very long (4.2 mm), narrower proximally than distally (∼ 1.7 mm), well bifurcated distally, first 50% attached to lower jaw, no narrow median lingual process present on the dorsal surface of the tongue.</p><p>The dorsal surfaces of the head, trunk and limbs are smooth, no raised glands and skin folds present; the rictal gland is smooth, but slightly elevated from angle of jaw to form a continued posteriorly ridge just before arm insertion, dorsum scattered with some white tipped asperities. Supratympanic fold inconspicuous; throat with no enlarge anterior or lateral scattered asperities. No gular pouch or flap present, a small slit on the inside of the mouth at the angle of the jaw gives access to the vocal sac. Ventrally smooth, upper jaw protruding over lower jaw, with very light mottled appearance, vocal sac dark with no white mottled appearance anteriorly, getting more mottled to about arm insertion (Fig. 9D).</p><p>The forelimbs are stubby, hands small (HAL/SUL 0.20), fingertips bluntly rounded and slightly swollen. Relative finger lengths I &lt;II &lt;IV &lt;III; subarticular tubercles distinct, rounded, with one on each finger, no proximal subarticular present. No webbing between fingers. Thenar tubercle small, rounded, partially obscured by nuptial pad that reaches the distal phalanx of the first finger; inner metacarpal tubercle absent, outer metacarpal tubercle inconspicuous, central metacarpal tubercle present. Small palmar tubercles present on the palm at the base of Fingers II, III and IV.</p><p>Hind limbs moderately long (TL/SUL 0.57; FL/SUL 0.51), feet nearly equal in length of tibia (TL/FL 1.1); thighs are moderately developed, with rough elevated glands on the inner posterior faces; relative toe lengths are I &lt;II &lt;III &lt;V &lt;IV. The toe tips are slightly expanded; subarticular tubercles: one on Toes I to III, two on Toes IV and V. No webbing between toes. Inner metatarsal tubercle conical and prominent, outer metatarsal tubercle absent.</p><p>Colour in life (Fig. 9A) —The dorsum light brown with dark greenish raised glands covered with small white tipped asperities, scattered white spots, no lighter vertebral line present, a light triangle on snout. Venter is clear with slight black mottling and blotches. Nuptial pads prominent, but lighter than rest of fingers. Arms and legs are strongly cross-banded.</p><p>Colour in preservative —The dorsum brown with small white tipped asperities, light interorbital bar, dorsal lighter vertebral line absent, mid-dorsal light patch present, arms and legs lighter than dorsum. Venter immaculate white with no bold black pigmentation, throat finely and evenly black pigmentation up to anterior chest region above line with forearms. The inner thighs and anterior abdomen free of pigmented, forearms slightly pigmented. Palms of hand and soles of feet darkened pigmented than limbs.</p><p>Variation — Paratype male showed similar body proportions to the holotype described above (Table 2; Supplementary Table 4). It further conforms to the holotype description, except for that the throat lighter pigmented with more prominent lighter blotching, tongue much shorted (∼ 2.1 mm), and palmar tubercles more prominent (two at the base of each finger compared to one in holotype).</p><p>Advertisement call —Unknown.</p><p>Natural History —Males call hidden from under rocks and moss near streams which is found on exposed rock surface. Freshly laid eggs and tadpoles were seen on a tiny film of water flowing over rock surface (Fig. 6C).</p><p>Distribution —Currently only known from low lying inselbergs in north eastern Cabo Delgado Province of Mozambique. The type locality is situated at the Taratibu’ s Conservancy Area, near the Base camp, in the Quirimbas National Park.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D8B56CFFA1FFEDFF4D7AFE4970FB8B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Conradie, Werner;Bittencourt-Silva, Gabriela B.;Bittencourt-Silva;Farooq, Harith M.;Loader, Simon P.;and, Michele Menegon;Tolley, Krystal A.	Conradie, Werner, Bittencourt-Silva, Gabriela B., Bittencourt-Silva, Farooq, Harith M., Loader, Simon P., and, Michele Menegon, Tolley, Krystal A. (2018): New species of Mongrel Frogs (Pyxicephalidae: Nothophryne) for northern Mozambique inselbergs. African Journal of Herpetology 67 (1): 61-85, DOI: 10.1080/21564574.2017.1376714, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/21564574.2017.1376714
