identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03EA8C2BFFC98109FCEDFD6DFAFAFA25.text	03EA8C2BFFC98109FCEDFD6DFAFAFA25.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Plastomenus thomasii (Cope 1872)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Plastomenus thomasii (Cope, 1872) . </p>
            <p> Syntype series: AMNH 3948, USNM 4092, 4093, 5838, shell fragments (Cope, 1884, p. 18.2–8) . </p>
            <p>Type locality: Bridger Basin; Bridger Formation, Bridgerian NALMA, Ypresian–Lutetian, Eocene (Hay, 1908; Vitek &amp; Joyce, 2015).</p>
            <p> Amended diagnosis:  Plastomenus thomasii can be diagnosed as a member of Pan-Trionychidae by a reduced quadratojugal that does not contact the postorbital or maxilla; a V-shaped entoplastron; the absence of scutes and peripherals; and the presence of sculpturing that covers all metaplastic portions of the shell bones.  Plastomenus thomasii can be diagnosed as an unambiguous member of  Plastomenidae (i.e.,  Gilmoremys and  Plastomenus spp. ) by the presence of a strongly emarginated dorsal edge of the external naris; a jugal-squamosal contact; a jugal-parietal contact; a division of the foramen palatinum posterius into two smaller foramina; a fenestra postotica, which is partially subdivided by the exoccipital; an epipterygoid-prootic contact anterior to trigeminal foramen in the majority of specimens; an extensive secondary palate formed by the infolded maxillae; vomerine foramina; an extremely elongated mandibular symphysis; a strong expansion of the lingual margin of the dentary forming a spatulate symphyseal area; an enlarged foramen dentofaciale majus; a dorsal surangular foramen; carapacial striations in adults; a preneural; I-shaped epiplastra; and xiphiplastra that contact each other along their entire length.  Plastomenus thomasii is currently differentiated from other unambiguous members of  Plastomenidae by the complete reduction of the postorbital; a postorbital bar less than one-fifth of orbit diameter; the complete fusion of the frontals; the absence of accessory ridges of the upper triturating surfaces; the presence of a massive infolding ridge of the quadrate; a trionychid surface pattern that becomes smooth towards the center of the carapacial and plastral disk; costals VIII that are longer than wide (also present in  P. joycei ); a dorsal rim of the costals that splits into separately protruding dorsal and visceral portions; hyo-, hypo- and xiphiplastra that contact one another fully along the mid-line; and the presence of metaplastic ossification that rolls onto the posterior aspects of the lateral process of the hypoplastron. </p>
            <p>Description</p>
            <p>AMNH FR 6015 comprises a nearly complete cranium and mandible (Figs. 1–11). Te anterior tip of the snout of the cranium is broken and missing, while the posterolateral portion of the left mandible is broken off but is present. Te skull is 24 mm wide (measured between the lateral margins of the articular processes of the quadrate) and 12 mm high (measured as a straight line through the specimen from the skull roof to the floor of the basicranium). Te preserved midline length between the occipital condyle and the anteriormost point of the intermaxillary contact is 43 mm. Te left maxilla extends for another 3 mm from this point with its partially preserved anterior process. Tus, the skull would have roughly measured 50 mm in total length if the premaxillae were preserved. For more measurements, we refer to the digital models that we deposited, from which measurements can be extracted with digital tools.</p>
            <p>Te skull is elongate and tubular in shape. Te interorbital bar is relatively narrow and orbits oriented dorsolaterally. Te upper temporal emargination is extremely deep, reaching just behind the orbit to form narrow postorbital bars. Te lower temporal emargination, on the other hand, only reaches the lower level of the orbit.</p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA8C2BFFC98109FCEDFD6DFAFAFA25	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Evers, Serjoscha W.;Chapelle, Kimberley E. J.;Joyce, Walter G.	Evers, Serjoscha W., Chapelle, Kimberley E. J., Joyce, Walter G. (2023): Cranial and mandibular anatomy of PlaStomenUS thomaSii and a new time-tree of trionychid evolution. Swiss Journal of Palaeontology (1) 142 (1): 1-40, DOI: 10.1186/s13358-023-00267-5, URL: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13358-023-00267-5
