identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03E9878BD152611F6FD77C50FCCE7399.text	03E9878BD152611F6FD77C50FCCE7399.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Biconcava Hamaoui 1965	<div><p>Genus Biconcava Hamaoui 1965</p><p>Biconcava bentori Hamaoui, 1965, emend. Hamaoui &amp;</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E9878BD152611F6FD77C50FCCE7399	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Simmons, Michael;Bidgood, Michael;Consorti, Lorenzo;Schlagintweit, Felix	Simmons, Michael, Bidgood, Michael, Consorti, Lorenzo, Schlagintweit, Felix (2025): A Review Of The Identity And Biostratigraphy Of Cenomanian “ Larger ” Benthic Foraminifera: Part 1 - The Nezzazatoidea. Acta Palaeontologica Romaniae 21 (1): 5-57, DOI: 10.35463/j.apr.2025.01.02, URL: https://doi.org/10.35463/j.apr.2025.01.02
03E9878BD150611C6F9D7FC0FCB173A7.text	03E9878BD150611C6F9D7FC0FCB173A7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Daxia cenomana Cuvillier & Szakall - Neumann 1949	<div><p>Daxia cenomana Cuvillier &amp; Szakall, 1949</p><p>Fig. 3</p><p>1928 Un-named foraminifera Fossa Mancini, pl. XXII, fig. 10; Tibet.</p><p>T 1949 Daxia cenomana n. sp.; Cuvillier &amp; Szakall, p. 8; pl. 2, figs. 4-6. Cenomanian (=late Cenomanian as emended by Saint-Marc, 1966), France.</p><p>1965 Haplophragmoides cenomana n. sp.; Hofker, p. 186; pl. III, fig. 4; text-fig. 2; Aptian-Cenomanian, Spain /southern Europe [Older records can probably be assigned to Daxia minima Laug &amp; Peybernes, 1979]</p><p>Non 1965 Daxia cenomana Neumann, pl. 1, figs. 1-7; Cenomanian, France [= Mayncina orbignyi Cuvillier &amp; Szakall, 1949 fide Loeblich &amp; Tappan, 1987]</p><p>1967 Daxia cenomana - Hottinger, p. 34; pl. 20, figs. 11- 15; Cenomanian, Morocco.</p><p>? 1972 Haplophragmoides cenomana - Ramirez del Pozo, pl. 4, fig. 12; Cenomanian, Spain.</p><p>1973 Daxia cenomana - Bilotte pl. III, fig. 16; middle Cenomanian, Pyrenees.</p><p>1981 Daxia cenomana - Tronchetti, p. 30; pl. 1, figs. 8-9; Cenomanian, France.</p><p>1985 Daxia cenomana - Schroeder &amp; Neumann p. 15; pl. 1, figs. 1-8; Cenomanian, global review.</p><p>1985 Daxia cenomana - Bilotte, pl. 4, fig. 4; latest Albian-Cenomanian, Pyrenees.</p><p>1988 Daxia sp. - Smith &amp; Juntao, pl. 1, fig. 12; late Albian, Tibet .</p><p>? 1998 Daxia cenomana - El-Sheikh &amp; Hewaidy, p. 504; pl. 1, figs. 6-7; late Cenomanian, northern Egypt.</p><p>? 2012 Daxia cenomana – Omaña et al., pl. 4, fig. 3; middle-late Cenomanian, Mexico. [?= Mayncina orbignyi] Non 2014 Daxia cenomana - Afghah et al., fig. 8B; late Cenomanian, Iranian Zagros. [= Pseudorhipidionina ex gr. casertana-murgiana sensu Simmons &amp; Bidgood, 2023]</p><p>Non 2014 Daxia cenomana - Danelian et al., fig. 9(2); Cenomanian, Armenia. [= Charentia cuvillieri Neumann, 1965]</p><p>2018 Daxia cenomana - Andrade, Es. M2, fig.1, non M5 fig. 5 [?= Mayncina orbignyi]; Cenomanian, Portugal.</p><p>? 2018 Daxia cf. cenomana - Luger, p. 53; pl. 2, fig. 1; latest Albian, Somalia.</p><p>Non 2018 Daxia cenomana - Jamalpour et al., pl. II, fig. 3; Cenomanian, Iranian Zagros. [=Indeterminate]</p><p>? 2019 Daxia cenomana - Omaña et al., p. 705; figs. 8c, 9a; Cenomanian, Mexico. [?= Mayncina orbignyi]</p><p>2021 Daxia cenomana - Mohajer et al., pl. 2, fig. t; late Cenomanian, Iranian Zagros.</p><p>2023 Daxia cenomana - Simmons &amp; Bidgood, p. 56, fig. 7a-b; late Albian-late Cenomanian, global review.</p><p>Taxonomy/Identity: Flattened, biumbilicate, involute, planispiral (like Biconcava but with numerous sickle or tear-drop shaped chambers which are wider at the base, rather than regularly shaped). Coarser agglutinated grains appear to be concentrated towards the outer part of the wall giving the impression of a kind of “layering”. D. cenomana is also similar to Mayncina (see synonymy lists) but is less inflated and has a single rather than multiple apertures (see Simmons &amp; Bidgood, 2023).</p><p>Reference Images: Arnaud-Vanneau &amp; Prestat (in Schroeder &amp; Neumann, 1985), Pl. 1, figs. 1-8, p. 15.</p><p>Confident Stratigraphic Range: late Albian to top Cenomanian (Simmons &amp; Bidgood, 2023).</p><p>Uncertain Stratigraphic Range: Pre-late Albian records are likely to belong to Daxia minima (see</p><p>Simmons &amp; Bidgood, 2023) or transitional forms between D. minima and D. cenomana .</p><p>Most records in the literature are unconfirmed by illustration (see Simmons &amp; Bidgood, 2023).</p><p>Geographic Range: Mostly known from France and Iberia, but there are many unconfirmed records that suggest it could be pan-Neotethyan in distribution (Simmons &amp; Bidgood, 2023) with occurrences noted as far west as Mexico and as far east as Tibet (Fossa Mancini, 1928; Smith &amp; Juntao, 1988; BouDagher-Fadel et al., 2017 (unillustrated) and also Figure 3 herein for a new record). It appears to be rare on the Arabian Plate but is known from the Iranian record of Mohajer et al. (2021).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E9878BD150611C6F9D7FC0FCB173A7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Simmons, Michael;Bidgood, Michael;Consorti, Lorenzo;Schlagintweit, Felix	Simmons, Michael, Bidgood, Michael, Consorti, Lorenzo, Schlagintweit, Felix (2025): A Review Of The Identity And Biostratigraphy Of Cenomanian “ Larger ” Benthic Foraminifera: Part 1 - The Nezzazatoidea. Acta Palaeontologica Romaniae 21 (1): 5-57, DOI: 10.35463/j.apr.2025.01.02, URL: https://doi.org/10.35463/j.apr.2025.01.02
03E9878BD151611C6C717CDFFAB2720D.text	03E9878BD151611C6C717CDFFAB2720D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Deuterospira Hamaoui 1965 emend. Hamaoui 1979	<div><p>Genus Deuterospira Hamaoui 1965 emend. Hamaoui, 1979</p><p>Deuterospira pseudodaxia Hamaoui, 1965 emend.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E9878BD151611C6C717CDFFAB2720D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Simmons, Michael;Bidgood, Michael;Consorti, Lorenzo;Schlagintweit, Felix	Simmons, Michael, Bidgood, Michael, Consorti, Lorenzo, Schlagintweit, Felix (2025): A Review Of The Identity And Biostratigraphy Of Cenomanian “ Larger ” Benthic Foraminifera: Part 1 - The Nezzazatoidea. Acta Palaeontologica Romaniae 21 (1): 5-57, DOI: 10.35463/j.apr.2025.01.02, URL: https://doi.org/10.35463/j.apr.2025.01.02
03E9878BD15E61126C227F3AFBDF7072.text	03E9878BD15E61126C227F3AFBDF7072.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mayncina orbignyi (Cuvillier & Szakall 1949)	<div><p>Mayncina orbignyi (Cuvillier &amp; Szakall, 1949)</p><p>Fig. 5</p><p>T 1949 Daxia orbignyi n. sp. Cuvillier &amp; Szakall, p. 8.; pl. 2, fig. 1; Cenomanian, France.</p><p>1965 Mayncina d’orbignyi Neumann, p. 93; pl. 1, figs. 8- 12; pl. 2, figs. 1-5; Cenomanian, France.</p><p>1965 Daxia cenomana Cuvillier &amp; Szakall - Neumann, pl. 1, figs. 1-7; Cenomanian, France [= Mayncina orbignyi fide Loeblich &amp; Tappan, 1987]</p><p>1985 Mayncina orbignyi - Schroeder &amp; Neumann, p. 16; pl. 2, figs. 1-9; Cenomanian, global review</p><p>Non 2007 Mayncina orbignyi - Abu-Zied, fig. 7G-J; Barremian-late Aptian, Sinai, Egypt. [probably= Choffatella decipiens Schlumberger, 1905]</p><p>? 2012 Daxia cenomana – Omaña et al., pl. 4, fig. 3; middle-late Cenomanian, Mexico.</p><p>2016 Coxites zubairensis - Rikhtegarzadeh et al., pl. 1, fig. 6; Cenomanian, Iranian Zagros.</p><p>? 2018 Daxia cenomana - Andrade, Es. M5 fig. 5; non M2, fig.1, [= Daxia cenomana]; Cenomanian, Portugal.</p><p>? 2019 Daxia cenomana - Omaña et al., p. 705; figs. 8c, 9a; Cenomanian, Mexico.</p><p>? 2020 Mayncina orbignyi - Elbaz &amp; Kassem, pl. 1, fig. 3; early-middle Cenomanian, Gulf of Suez. [external view so identity unconfirmed]</p><p>? 2021 Mayncina orbignyi - Shahin &amp; Elbaz, fig. 3(8); early-middle Cenomanian, Gulf of Suez. [external view so identity unconfirmed] .</p><p>2023 Mayncina orbignyi – Simmons &amp; Bidgood, p. 60; fig. 11a-b; (late Albian?) middle Cenomanian, global review</p><p>Taxonomy/Identity: Planispiral, broadly biconvex and involute with multiple, small areal apertures and more involute than the similar Biconcava and Daxia, which also have single rather than multiple areal openings (see Simmons &amp; Bidgood, 2023). Notable dimporphism is also evident (see illustrations in Schroeder &amp; Neumann, 1985) with higher numbers of chambers in microspheric forms as well as relative proloculus size.</p><p>Reference Images: Arnaud-Vanneau &amp; Prestat (in Schroeder &amp; Neumann, 1985), Pl. 2, figs. 1-9, p. 16.</p><p>Confident Stratigraphic Range: middle Cenomanian (Simmons &amp; Bidgood, 2023).</p><p>Uncertain Stratigraphic Range: late Albian - early Cenomanian (Simmons &amp; Bidgood, 2023).</p><p>Incorrectly identified records can be found from strata as old as the Barremian-early Aptian (Abu-Zied, 2007).</p><p>Geographic Range: Only confidently known from western France, sparse unconfirmed records extend the range to Mexico and the Arabian Plate (Simmons &amp; Bidgood, 2023). A curious possible record “unillustrated” is from the Lut Block in eastern central Iran (Motamed al Shariati et al., 2016).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E9878BD15E61126C227F3AFBDF7072	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Simmons, Michael;Bidgood, Michael;Consorti, Lorenzo;Schlagintweit, Felix	Simmons, Michael, Bidgood, Michael, Consorti, Lorenzo, Schlagintweit, Felix (2025): A Review Of The Identity And Biostratigraphy Of Cenomanian “ Larger ” Benthic Foraminifera: Part 1 - The Nezzazatoidea. Acta Palaeontologica Romaniae 21 (1): 5-57, DOI: 10.35463/j.apr.2025.01.02, URL: https://doi.org/10.35463/j.apr.2025.01.02
03E9878BD15F61126C717F72FA4B70D8.text	03E9878BD15F61126C717F72FA4B70D8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nezzazatidae Hamaoui & Saint Marc 1970	<div><p>Family NEZZAZATIDAE Hamaoui &amp; Saint Marc 1970 Genus Biplanata Hamaoui &amp; Saint-Marc 1970</p><p>Biplanata peneropliformis Hamaoui &amp; Saint-Marc,</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E9878BD15F61126C717F72FA4B70D8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Simmons, Michael;Bidgood, Michael;Consorti, Lorenzo;Schlagintweit, Felix	Simmons, Michael, Bidgood, Michael, Consorti, Lorenzo, Schlagintweit, Felix (2025): A Review Of The Identity And Biostratigraphy Of Cenomanian “ Larger ” Benthic Foraminifera: Part 1 - The Nezzazatoidea. Acta Palaeontologica Romaniae 21 (1): 5-57, DOI: 10.35463/j.apr.2025.01.02, URL: https://doi.org/10.35463/j.apr.2025.01.02
03E9878BD15D61166CF279A6FAF2744C.text	03E9878BD15D61166CF279A6FAF2744C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coxites zubairensis Smout 1956	<div><p>Coxites zubairensis Smout, 1956</p><p>Fig. 7</p><p>T 1956 Coxites zubairensis n. gen., n. sp. Smout, p. 343; pl. 2, figs. 1-6; early Turonian, southern Iraq [the early Turonian age is questionable and is better regarded as late Cenomanian]</p><p>? 1961 Coxites cf. zubairensis - Hamaoui, p. 13; pl. 9, fig. 9; Cenomanian, Israel.</p><p>? 1965 Coxites sp. - Hamaoui, pl. 14, figs. 8-9; Cenomanian, Israel.</p><p>1971 Coxites zubairensis - Fleury, pl. 3 fig. 21; late Cenomanian, Greece.</p><p>1971 Trochospira avnimelechi Hamaoui &amp; Saint-Marc - Fleury; pl. 3, figs. 20; late Cenomanian, Greece.</p><p>1974 Coxites zubairensis - Saint-Marc, p. 234-235; pl. IV, fig. 11; late Cenomanian, Lebanon.</p><p>1976 Coxites zubairensis - Leppig, p. 813; text fig. 2; Tf. III, figs. 1-6; pl. IV, figs. 9-12; late Cenomanian-early Turonian, Crete.</p><p>Non 1976 Coxites zubairensis - Luperto-Sinni, pv. 44, figs. 13-16; pl. 45, figs. 1-6; Senonian, Italy [= Antalyna korayi Farinacci &amp; Köylüoglu, 1985]</p><p>? 1980 Coxites sp. - Fleury, p. 492; pl. III, figs. 15-17; Cenomanian, Greece.</p><p>1981 Coxites zubairensis - Saint-Marc, pl. 1, fig. 16; late Cenomanian, Lebanon.</p><p>1990 Coxites zubairensis - Cherchi &amp; Schroeder, fig. 6; middle-late Cenomanian, Iranian Zagros.</p><p>1994 Coxites zubairensis - Chiocchini et al., pl. 19, figs. 9-11; late Cenomanian, Italy.</p><p>1998 Coxites zubairensis - Whittaker et al., p. 27; pl. 3, fig. 3; pl. 45, figs. 3-5; middle Cenomanian-middle Turonian [age interpretation can be contested, see below.</p><p>Specimens are most likely late Cenomanian], southern Iraq.</p><p>2009 Coxites zubairensis - Sari et al., pl. 4, figs. 1-3; latest Cenomanian, western Taurides, Turkey.</p><p>2012 Coxites zubairensis - Chiocchini et al., pl. 116, figs. 1-8; late Cenomanian, central Italy.</p><p>2013 Coxites zubairensis - Rahimpour-Bonab et al., fig. 8(H); Cenomanian-Turonian, Iranian Zagros.</p><p>? 2013 Coxites zubairensis - Ghanem &amp; Kuss, fig. 14(11); late Cenomanian, Syria.</p><p>2014b Coxites zubairensis - Omidvar et al., fig. 3(9); Cenomanian-Turonian, Iranian Zagros.</p><p>Non 2014 Coxites zubairensis - Afghah &amp; Dookh; pl. 2, fig. 1; Cenomanian, Iranian Zagros [?= Trochospira avnimelechi Hamaoui &amp; Saint-Marc]</p><p>2016 Coxites zubairensis - Consorti et al., fig. 4(i); fig. 6(a, c); early?-middle Cenomanian, Iberian Ranges, Spain.</p><p>2016 Coxites zubairensis - Assadi et al., fig. 6(a7); late Cenomanian, Iranian Zagros.</p><p>Non 2016 Coxites zubairensis - Rikhtegarzadeh et al., pl. 1, fig. 6; Cenomanian, Iranian Zagros. [=? Daxia cenomana]</p><p>Non 2017 Coxites zubairensis - Boukhary et al., p. 4; fig. 1; late Cenomanian-early Turonian, Eastern Desert, Egypt. [=? Spirocyclina atlasica Saint-Marc &amp; Rahhali, 1982]</p><p>? 2019 Coxites zubairensis - Kiarostami et al., pl. 2(k); Cenomanian-Santonian, Iranian Zagros. [= lapsus calami in Santonian age, should be Turonian]</p><p>Non 2019 Coxites zubairensis - Parnian et al., fig. 3(R); Cenomanian, Iranian Zagros [= Heterocoskinolina saintmarci Luger, 2018]</p><p>Non 2019 Coxites zubairensis - Saeedi-Razavi et al., pl. 1, fig. 4; Cenomanian, Iranian Zagros [=Indeterminate nezzazatid]</p><p>2021 Coxites zubairensis - Saeedi-Razavi et al., pl. 1, fig. 6; Cenomanian, Iranian Zagros. [note plate is the same as used in Rikhtegarzadeh et al., 2017]</p><p>2021 Coxites zubairensis - Solak, pl. 3, figs. H-J; late Cenomanian, central Taurides, Turkey.</p><p>Taxonomy/Identity: Trochospiral throughout with a flat dorsal surface and low conical ventral surface with a subacute margin. Its main characteristic is having transverse partitions attached to a toothplate, some of which may fuse terminally. See also Loeblich &amp; Tappan, 1987, p. 88.</p><p>Whittaker et al. (1998) incorrectly considered the wall to be porcellaneous.</p><p>Reference Images: Smout (1956), Pl. 2, Figs. 1-6, p. 343. See also Saint-Marc (1974), Leppig (1976), Sari et al. (2009).</p><p>Confident Stratigraphic Range: base middle – top late Cenomanian, scarce records in the middle Cenomanian, common records in the late Cenomanian.</p><p>Uncertain Stratigraphic Range: Turonian and younger.</p><p>Originally described from the subsurface Mishrif Formation in southern Iraq (Smout, 1956), C. zubairensis was assigned a type level of most likely Lower Turonian although no corroborating evidence for this age was provided. Although the Mishrif Formation can extend into the Turonian (Bromhead et al., 2022; Simmons et al., 2024), it is more typically late Cenomanian. Saint-Marc (1974) discounted a Turonian age because the microfauna associated with C. zubairensis in Lebanon was clearly Cenomanian and consisted of Cisalveolina fallax Reichel (= C. fraasi Gümbel), C. lehneri Reichel and others. On the other hand, Leppig (1976) recorded well-illustrated C. zubairensis from Crete, where it was said to be associated with “ Nezzazata simplex Omara, Chrysalidina cf. gradata d’Orbigny, Pseudolituonella reicheli Marie, Reissella ramonensis Hamaoui, Debarina hahounerensis Raoult &amp; Vila, Minouxia lobata Gendrot, Valvulammina picardi Henson, Accordiella conica Farinacci, Scandonea samnitica De Castro, Pseudocyclammina aff. massiliensis Maync and Dictyoconus aff. a egyptiensis (Chapman)”. This is a mixture of faunal elements that are in part Cenomanian and in part Turonian or indeed younger (Velić, 2007; Chiocchini et al., 2012 and – some with an FAD in the early Coniacian – Frijia et al., 2015). Unfortunately, no biostratigraphic distribution chart was provided and the certainty with which C. zubairensis can be regarded as Turonian or younger is impeded. C. zubairensis was also recorded in post-Cenomanian stratigraphy in Italy (Luperto-Sinni, 1976) but these specimens are probably Antalyna korayi, a nezzazatid first described from the latest Cretaceous of Turkey (Farinacci &amp; Köylüoglu, 1985).</p><p>In the majority of publications C. zubairensis has often been recorded alongside a variety of Cenomanian (typically late Cenomanian) taxa including C. fraasi, Ovalveolina ovum (d’Orbigny), Chrysalidina gradata and Pseudolituonella reicheli . Occasional references to a middle Cenomanian range component are suggested by Arnaud et al. (1981), Whittaker et al. (1998), Bernaus &amp; Masse (2007), and more recently by Consorti et al. (2016) from Iberia, with a well-illustrated record from the Villa de Ves Formation. Consorti et al. (2016) attributes a lower? to middle Cenomanian age to that unit. Whittaker et al. (1998) extends the range of C. zubairensis to the top of the middle Turonian but justification for this is not given. Records from the early Cenomanian (e.g., Afghah &amp; Fadaei, 2014) are unsubstantiated. In summary, most records – many from the Iranian Zagros (e.g., Omidvar et al., 2014b) – attribute a late/latest Cenomanian range for this taxon (Saint-Marc, 1974, 1981; Chiocchini et al., 2012) and it is sometimes used as a subzonal marker in the upper part of the late Cenomanian (e.g. Sari et al., 2009). Nonetheless middle Cenomanian records are known, and possible Turonian and younger records cannot be entirely excluded.</p><p>The single illustration of a specimen attributed to C. zubairensis from the Cenomanian of Egypt by Boukhary et al. (2017) appears not to be trochospiral but planispiral becoming peneropliform-flabelliform and may be referrable to Spirocyclina atlasic a.</p><p>Geographic Range: Confidently recorded from throughout the Mediterranean and Arabian Plate.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E9878BD15D61166CF279A6FAF2744C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Simmons, Michael;Bidgood, Michael;Consorti, Lorenzo;Schlagintweit, Felix	Simmons, Michael, Bidgood, Michael, Consorti, Lorenzo, Schlagintweit, Felix (2025): A Review Of The Identity And Biostratigraphy Of Cenomanian “ Larger ” Benthic Foraminifera: Part 1 - The Nezzazatoidea. Acta Palaeontologica Romaniae 21 (1): 5-57, DOI: 10.35463/j.apr.2025.01.02, URL: https://doi.org/10.35463/j.apr.2025.01.02
03E9878BD15B61166CE17BF7FCB8700C.text	03E9878BD15B61166CE17BF7FCB8700C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Demirina meridionalis Ozcan 1994	<div><p>Demirina meridionalis Özcan, 1994</p><p>Fig. 8</p><p>T 1994 Demirina meridionalis n. gen., n. sp. Özcan, p. 3; pl. I, figs. 1-10; pl. II, figs. 1-11; Cenomanian, southeast Turkey.</p><p>2019 Demirina meridionalis - Özkan &amp; Altiner, fig. 9(7); Cenomanian, southeast Turkey.</p><p>2023 Demirina meridionalis - Simmons &amp; Bidgood, p. 64. fig. 15a-c;?early-middle? Cenomanian, global review</p><p>Taxonomy/Identity: Planispiral, “peneroplid” and semi-involute. Characterised by a diamond-shaped apertural face and acute periphery, together with inwardsprojecting incomplete single-order partitions extending about half-way into the chambers (see Simmons &amp; Bidgood, 2023).</p><p>Reference Images: Özcan (1994), Pls. 1-2, Fig. 2, p. 3-4.</p><p>Confident Stratigraphic Range: Not applicable.</p><p>Uncertain Stratigraphic Range: early – middle Cenomanian (Simmons &amp; Bidgood, 2023).</p><p>Geographic Range: So far recorded only from SE Turkey (Özcan, 1994; Özkan &amp; Altiner, 2019) in strata with poor age constraint (see Simmons &amp; Bidgood, 2023).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E9878BD15B61166CE17BF7FCB8700C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Simmons, Michael;Bidgood, Michael;Consorti, Lorenzo;Schlagintweit, Felix	Simmons, Michael, Bidgood, Michael, Consorti, Lorenzo, Schlagintweit, Felix (2025): A Review Of The Identity And Biostratigraphy Of Cenomanian “ Larger ” Benthic Foraminifera: Part 1 - The Nezzazatoidea. Acta Palaeontologica Romaniae 21 (1): 5-57, DOI: 10.35463/j.apr.2025.01.02, URL: https://doi.org/10.35463/j.apr.2025.01.02
03E9878BD15B61166C717F78FA5D70D2.text	03E9878BD15B61166C717F78FA5D70D2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Merlingina Hamaoui, 1965 emend. Hamaoui & Saint-Marc 1970	<div><p>Genus Merlingina Hamaoui, 1965 emend. Hamaoui &amp; Saint-Marc, 1970</p><p>Merlingina cretacea Hamaoui, 1965 emend. Hamaoui</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E9878BD15B61166C717F78FA5D70D2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Simmons, Michael;Bidgood, Michael;Consorti, Lorenzo;Schlagintweit, Felix	Simmons, Michael, Bidgood, Michael, Consorti, Lorenzo, Schlagintweit, Felix (2025): A Review Of The Identity And Biostratigraphy Of Cenomanian “ Larger ” Benthic Foraminifera: Part 1 - The Nezzazatoidea. Acta Palaeontologica Romaniae 21 (1): 5-57, DOI: 10.35463/j.apr.2025.01.02, URL: https://doi.org/10.35463/j.apr.2025.01.02
03E9878BD159610B6C717EDFFC0771E9.text	03E9878BD159610B6C717EDFFC0771E9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nezzazata Omara 1956	<div><p>Genus Nezzazata Omara 1956</p><p>Nezzazata is a small (generally &lt;1 mm) trochospiral, planoconvex to unequally biconvex genus, typically with chambers containing a narrow internal plate extending back from one septum towards the previous septum (Loeblich &amp; Tappan, 1987). The wall is considered microgranular, and Schlagintweit &amp; Yazdi-Moghadam (2022a) have demonstrated that in pristine material it is pseudokeriothecal. Whittaker et al. (1998) incorrectly considered the wall to be porcellaneous. The aperture extends from the umbilicus to the periphery, then bending sharply to parallel the peripheral margin, with an apertural tooth present. This toothplate extends backwards from its septum towards the previous septum but does not attach to it (see also comments under Trochospira avnimelechi below).</p><p>Nezzazata is a very common component of mid-Cretaceous Neotethyan microfossil assemblages, and there are numerous (c. 400) records of the genus in the literature. It is especially well known from middle and late Cenomanian strata. This was the period when nezzazatoids in general displayed their highest species diversity and morphological variation (Hamaoui in Schroeder &amp; Neumann, 1985; Consorti et al., 2022).</p><p>The genus can also occur in suitable facies of the Early Cretaceous (for example in the Aptian Dariyan Formation of Iran where small morphotypes of Cenomanian taxa occur; Schlagintweit et al., 2024). The oldest published record of the genus is probably that of Hosseini et al. (2016) from Hauterivian strata in the Iranian Zagros (see also Gollestaneh, 1965) or that of Velić (1977) (see also Velić 2007) from the Hauterivian of Croatia. Other early records of the genus include, for example: Altiner &amp; Decrouez (1982); Arnaud-Vanneau &amp; Premoli Silva (1995); Arnaud-Vanneau &amp; Sliter (1995); Neagu &amp; Cîrnaru (2004); Husinec et al. (2009), Chiocchini et al. (2012), Ghanem &amp; Kuss (2013), Hfaiedh et al. (2013); Solak &amp; Taslı (2023), Navidtalab et al. (2024); and Alteneiji et al. (2024). The previously reported Early Cretaceous taxon Nezzazata simplex germanica Omara &amp; Strauch is not regarded as a nezzazatid by a number of authors (e.g. Hamaoui in Schroeder &amp; Neumann, 1985). A commentary on the early representatives of the genus, including the designation of new species can be found in Schlagintweit et al. (2024c).</p><p>Ranges of Nezzazata high into the Late Cretaceous are reported, but are often not substantiated by verified illustration (e.g. Ismail &amp; Soliman, 1997). Nonetheless, there are sporadic records (e.g. Luperto Sinni &amp; Richetti, 1978; Solak et al., 2019) that suggest the genus may be found in strata as young as Campanian and Maastrichtian. Nezzazata was introduced by Omara (1956) with just one species, Nezzazata simplex, from the Cenomanian of Egypt. Unaware of this publication, a few months later Smout (1956) introduced the synonymous genus Begia (type species Begia gyra), with seven species described from what was thought to be the Turonian of southern Iraq, but is more probably Cenomanian. Since then, there has been some debate as to how many species of Nezzazata are valid (e.g., Reiss, 1957; Omara &amp; Strauch, 1965; Hamaoui in Schroeder &amp; Neumann, 1985; Whittaker et al., 1998; Omaña et al., 2019). There are currently 16 possible Nezzazata species in the WoRMS World Foraminifera database (Hayward et al., 2024) of which 12 are considered as potentially valid, with most recorded from Cenomanian strata. In addition, a few others have also been named at some time in the literature, if only briefly. These taxa are shown in Table 2.</p><p>Many of the differences between the species introduced by Omara (1956), Smout (1956) and subsequent authors are minor in nature, thus we follow Hamaoui in Schroeder &amp; Neumann (1985) and Consorti et al. (2022) and recognise in the Cenomanian Nezzazata simplex and Nezzazata ex gr. gyra, plus a further species, Nezzazata isabellae introduced by Arnaud-Vanneau &amp; Sliter (1985) and known mostly, but not exclusively, from pre-Cenomanian strata. Arnaud-Vanneau &amp; Sliter (1985) and Whittaker et al. (1998) recognise more species, but in the case of Whittaker et al. (1998), note that more taxonomic research is required.</p><p>Hamaoui in Schroeder &amp; Neumann (1985) did not provide a definitive solution, stating that the lack of a statistical morphological/biometric study of the various species means it is not possible to determine if there is intraspecific variation, or distinct and separate taxa. According to Hamaoui in Schroeder &amp; Neumann (1985), Nezzazata gr. gyra includes forms recognised as Begia gyra, B. conica and B. concava by Smout (1956). Nezzazata simplex includes forms recognised as B. calcarata, B. perforata and B. convexa . Nezzazata variabilis Basha and Nezzazata semirectilinea Basha are synonyms of Trochospira avnimelechi Hamaoui &amp; Saint-Marc (Schroeder &amp; Neumann, 1985) . Trochospira is very similar; the two genera are sometimes used interchangeably (e.g., Berthou, 1973).</p><p>Three broadly defined (“pragmatic”) Nezzazata species are recognised herein as occurring in Cenomanian strata. A fourth distinctive taxon occurs in the late Albian. The characteristics of the four defined taxa are presented in Table 3 and they are discussed individually below.</p><p>It should be noted that random thin-sections will not always present views suitable for species identification and many records in the literature are thus questionable as to the species present (even the genus). There has also been an inconsistent use of species nomenclature in the many records of Nezzazata, with names used apparently interchangeably.</p><p>For a recent review and discussion of Nezzazata in terms of higher taxonomy see Schlagintweit &amp; Yazdi-Moghadam (2022a). In essence, a pseudokeriothecal wall structure can be observed in Nezzazata in well-preserved specimens whereas typical forms appear homogenous and non-perforate.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E9878BD159610B6C717EDFFC0771E9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Simmons, Michael;Bidgood, Michael;Consorti, Lorenzo;Schlagintweit, Felix	Simmons, Michael, Bidgood, Michael, Consorti, Lorenzo, Schlagintweit, Felix (2025): A Review Of The Identity And Biostratigraphy Of Cenomanian “ Larger ” Benthic Foraminifera: Part 1 - The Nezzazatoidea. Acta Palaeontologica Romaniae 21 (1): 5-57, DOI: 10.35463/j.apr.2025.01.02, URL: https://doi.org/10.35463/j.apr.2025.01.02
03E9878BD146610D6CF57F1AFD30702C.text	03E9878BD146610D6CF57F1AFD30702C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nezzazata simplex Omara - Reiss 1956	<div><p>Nezzazata simplex Omara, 1956</p><p>Fig. 10</p><p>T 1956 Nezzazata simplex n. sp., Omara, p. 889; pl. 102, figs. 7-13; early Cenomanian, Egypt [demonstration of a precise early Cenomanian age is lacking].</p><p>1956 Begia calcarata Smout n. sp.; p. 341; pl. 1, figs. 23- 25; Turonian [= probably Cenomanian], southern Iraq.</p><p>1956 Begia perforata Smout n. sp.; p. 341; pl. 1, figs. 19- 22; Turonian [= probably Cenomanian], southern Iraq.</p><p>1956 Begia convexa Smout n. sp.; p. 341; pl. 1, figs. 26- 28; Turonian [= probably Cenomanian], southern Iraq.</p><p>1957 Nezzazata simplex Omara - Reiss, pl. 1, figs 1-7, 9, 12-13 [non figs. 8, 10-11, 14 = Trochospira avnimelechi]. Cenomanian, Israel.</p><p>1962 Nezzazata simplex - Sartoni &amp; Crescenti, p. 291- 292, pl. LI, figs. 4-5; Albian – Cenomanian (-?Senonian), southern Italy.</p><p>Non 1964 Nezzazata simples [sic] - Bozorgnia &amp; Banafti, pl. LXXXVI, figs. 2-3, Albian, Iranian Zagros [= N. ex. gr. gyra].</p><p>Non 1965 Nezzazata simplex germanica n. subsp. Omara &amp; Strauch, p. 88; abb. 1; Early Cretaceous, Germany. [=probably not a nezzazatid]</p><p>equivalent taxon modern a, possible Where. subsequently genus that to assigned commonly or,) 1956 (Omara by introduction its. herein since reviewed</p><p>Nezzazata as or to literature assigned on taxa based of List either, Table. 2 shown is</p><p>1969 Nezzazata simplex - Sampò, pl. XLV, figs. 10?, 11, 12, 14?, 15, 16?; Cenomanian – Turonian, Iranian Zagros [Turonian age is questionable].</p><p>? 1970 Nezzazata simplex - Hamaoui &amp; Saint-Marc, pl. 40, fig. 13; late Cenomanian, Lebanon.</p><p>Non 1972 Nezzazata cf. simplex - El-Naggar &amp; Al-Rifaiy, figs. 10/1, 10/2, 10/12, 10/13; middle – late Cenomanian, Kuwait [wall structure suggests a small trochospiral rotaliid; see also El-Naggar &amp; Al-Rifaiy, 1973 for a similar issue with “ Nezzazata sp. ”].</p><p>1973 Nezzazata sp. or Trochospira sp. - Berthou, pl. 12, fig. 1; Late Cenomanian, Portugal.</p><p>1974 Nezzazata simplex - Saint-Marc, pl. 4, figs. 9-10; late Cenomanian [total range given as late Aptian – late Cenomanian], Lebanon.</p><p>1974 Nezzazata simplex polymorpha n. ssp. - Plotnicova, p. 23-26; figs. 1-5; late Albian, Ukraine [includes a variety of morphotypes – the defining feature of the taxon – including forms similar to N. simplex (fig. 1) and N. gyra (fig. 2).</p><p>1974 Nezzazata simplex - Radoičić, pl. 7, fig. 1; Cenomanian, Serbia.</p><p>?1976 Nezzazata simplex simplex - Luperto-Sinni, p. 322; Pl. 44, figs. 9-12; Santonian?, southern Italy.</p><p>1977 Nezzazata simplex - Velić, pl. XXIV, figs. 8-9; Aptian, Croatia.</p><p>Non 1977 Nezzazata simplex germanica - Velić, pl. XIX, figs. 4-6; “Neocomian”, Croatia [= N. isabellae].</p><p>Non 1977 Nezzazata simplex - Velić, pl. XXI, figs. 9-11; Barremian, Croatia [= N. isabellae].</p><p>? 1978 Nezzazata simplex simplex - Luperto Sinni &amp; Richetti, pl. 45, fig. 10; Maastrichtian, southern Italy [very likely a form of Nezzazata].</p><p>1979 Nezzazata simplex simplex - Velić &amp; Sokač, pl. 3, fig. 4; late Albian – early Cenomanian, Croatia.</p><p>? 1984 Nezzazata simplex - Wasfi &amp; Hataba, p. 600; pl. 2, fig. 4; late Cenomanian-early Turonian, Gulf of Suez [evidence for early Turonian age is unclear] .</p><p>? 1984 Nezzazata cenomana n. sp. - Wasfi &amp; Hataba, p. 598-600, pl. 1, fig. 1a-d. Cenomanian, Egypt [difficult to assess from illustrations provided].</p><p>1985 Nezzazata simplex - Hamaoui in Schroeder &amp; Neumann, p. 33; pl. 11, figs. 1-11; latest Albian – Senonian, global review.</p><p>Non 1985 Nezzazata simplex - Bilotte, p. 373, pl. 5, fig. 12; Cenomanian, French Pyrenees [= N. ex. gr. gyra].</p><p>? 1987 Nezzazata simplex - Simmons &amp; Hart, pl. 10.1, fig. 8; Cenomanian, Oman Mountains [view equivocal].</p><p>? 1988 Nezzazata sp. - Sartorio &amp; Venturini, p. 110; upper figure; middle Cenomanian, Italy.</p><p>? 1988 Nezzazata simplex - Sartorio &amp; Venturini, p. 110; middle figure; middle Cenomanian, Iranian Zagros [range shown as latest Albian-Santonian].</p><p>? 1989 Nezzazata simplex - Chérif et al., pl. 1, fig. 22; late Cenomanian, Egypt [external view only].</p><p>Non 1990 Nezzazata simplex - Smith et al., fig. 6f; early Cenomanian, Oman Mountains [= N. ex. gr. gyra; age after Bromhead et al., 2022]</p><p>? 1990 Nezzazata simplex - Weidich &amp; Al-Harithi, pl. 3, figs. 13-15; Cenomanian, Jordan.</p><p>1992 Nezzazata simplex - Foglia, pl. 1, fig. 11; late Cenomanian, southern Italy.</p><p>? 1992 Nezzazata simplex - Kalantari, text-fig. 155(2-3); Cenomanian, Iranian Zagros.</p><p>1994 Nezzazata simplex - Chiocchini et al., pl. 14, figs. 11-14; early Cenomanian, Italy.</p><p>1994 Nezzazata simplex - Velić &amp; Vlahović, pl. 3, fig. 9; late Cenomanian, Croatia.</p><p>? 1994 Nezzazata simplex - El Beialy &amp; Al-Hitmi, pl. 4, fig. 8; middle Cenomanian, Qatar [external view only].</p><p>? 1997 Nezzazata simplex - Rosales-Domínguez et al., fig. 4B; Cenomanian, Mexico [approaching N. ex. gr. gyra in morphology].</p><p>1998 Nezzazata gyra calcarata - Whittaker et al., p. 55; pl. 20, figs. 1-2; early Turonian [=probably Cenomanian], Iran, Iraq &amp; Kuwait.</p><p>2000 Nezzazata simplex - Aguilera-Franco, p. 163 including figure; middle – late Cenomanian, Mexico.</p><p>2004 Nezzazata simplex - Ettachfini &amp; Andreu, fig. 8B-C; late Cenomanian, Morocco.</p><p>2004 Nezzazatid - Menegatti, pl. 9 fig. 5; late Cenomanian, offshore Dubai.</p><p>2006 Nezzazata simplex - Taslı et al., fig. 6E (non F = N. isabellae); middle – late Cenomanian, Turkish Taurides.</p><p>2007 Nezzazata simplex - Shanin, pl. 2, figs. 20-21; middle Cenomanian, Egypt.</p><p>? 2007 Nezzazata convexa - Shanin, pl. 2, figs. 20-21; middle Cenomanian, Egypt.</p><p>? 2008 Nezzazata cf. simplex - Ahmadi et al., pl. 3, fig. 2; middle – late Cenomanian, Iranian Zagros.</p><p>2009 Nezzazata simplex - Sari et al., pl. 2, figs. 7-9; middle – late Cenomanian, Turkish Taurides [range shown to Coniacian].</p><p>? 2009 Nezzazata simplex - Ismail et al., p. 402, pl. 4, fig.1; Cenomanian, Egypt [effectively indeterminate].</p><p>? 2010 Nezzazata simplex - Spalluto &amp; Caffau, fig. 13C; early Cenomanian, southern Italy.</p><p>2012 Nezzazata simplex - Chiocchini et al., pl. 79, figs. 1- 11; early Cenomanian [latest Albian-late Cenomanian total range], central Italy.</p><p>2012 Nezzazata gyra - Ghanem et al., fig. 6d(5); early Cenomanian, Syria.</p><p>2012 Nezzazata simplex - Simone et al., fig. 4k; middle Cenomanian, southern Italy.</p><p>? 2012 Nezzazata simplex - Ghanem et al., fig. 6c(7), 6d(4, 8), 6e(14); late Albian – late Cenomanian, Syria.</p><p>? 2012 Nezzazata simplex - Omaña et al., pl. 5, fig. 1; middle – late Cenomanian, Mexico.</p><p>? 2012 Nezzazata cf. N. convexa - Omaña et al., pl. 5, figs. 2-3; middle – late Cenomanian, Mexico.</p><p>Non 2012 Nezzazata simplex - Rahimpour-Bonab et al., fig. 8D; Cenomanian, Iranian Zagros [= N. ex. gr. gyra].</p><p>? 2013 Nezzazata simplex - Rahimpour-Bonab et al., fig. 8A; Cenomanian, Iranian Zagros.</p><p>? 2013 Nezzazata simplex - Ghanem &amp; Kuss, fig. 12(15); fig. 11(23-24); late Aptian-Cenomanian, Syria.</p><p>? 2013 Nezzazata simplex - Shanin &amp; Elbaz, pl. 1, fig. 27; Cenomanian, Egypt.</p><p>2014 Nezzazata concava - Afghah et al., fig. 10c; early Cenomanian, Iranian Zagros.</p><p>2014 Nezzazata conica - Afghah et al., fig. 10d; early Cenomanian, Iranian Zagros.</p><p>? 2014b Nezzazata simplex - Omidvar et al., fig. 3(1); Cenomanian, Iranian Zagros. [possibly = N. ex. gr. gyra] Non 2014 Nezzazata simplex - Afghah &amp; Fadaei. Fig. 8d; Cenomanian, Iranian Zagros [= N. ex. gr. gyra; note plates 8 &amp; 9 are transposed].</p><p>Non 2014a Nezzazata simplex - Omidvar et al., pl. 1, fig. A; Cenomanian, Iranian Zagros. [probably= N. ex gr. gyra].</p><p>2015 Nezzazata ex. gr. simplex - Rosales &amp; Schlagintweit, fig. 7n-q; early Cenomanian, Spain.</p><p>2015 Nezzazata simplex - Solak et al., fig. 9B-C; Cenomanian, Turkish Taurides.</p><p>2016 Nezzazata simplex - Assadi et al., fig. 6a3, 6b7; Cenomanian, Iranian Zagros.</p><p>Non 2016 Nezzazata simplex germanica - Hosseini et al., fig. 11d (non e = Nezzazatinella sp. ?); Hauterivian, Iranian Zagros [probably Nezzazata isabellae].</p><p>Non 2016 Nezzazata simplex - Rikhtegarzadeh et al., pl. 2, fig. 9; Cenomanian, Iranian Zagros [= N. ex. gr. gyra].</p><p>Non 2017 Nezzazata simplex - Rikhtegarzadeh et al., pl. 1, fig. 12; late Cenomanian, Iranian Zagros [= N. ex. gr. gyra].</p><p>2018 Nezzazata simplex - Luger, p. 56, Pl. 3, figs. 1-2, 4- 5; late Albian-early Cenomanian, Somalia.</p><p>2019 Nezzazata simplex - Kiarostami et al., pl. 1d; Cenomanian, Iranian Zagros.</p><p>2019 Nezzazata simplex - Omaña et al., p. 705-707, figs. 9f-g; middle – late Cenomanian, Mexico.</p><p>2019 Nezzazata simplex - Özkan &amp; Altiner, fig. 7(22-25); Cenomanian, Turkish Arabian Plate.</p><p>2019 Nezzazata simplex - Taslı &amp; Solak, fig. 10(4); late Albian, Turkish Taurides.</p><p>2019 Nezzazata simplex - Solak et al., figs 8B-C; middle – late Cenomanian, Turkish Taurides.</p><p>? 2019 Nezzazata simplex - Solak et al., fig. 10H; late Campanian, Turkish Taurides.</p><p>2020 Nezzazata simplex - Solak et al., figs. 6L; 11A-B; 13P; Cenomanian Turkish Taurides.</p><p>2020 Nezzazata simplex - Simmons et al., fig. 10(8-10); middle – late Cenomanian, Turkish Arabian Plate.</p><p>2020 Nezzazata simplex - Schlagintweit &amp; Yazdi-Moghadam, fig. 3B; Cenomanian, Iranian Zagros.</p><p>? 2020 Nezzazata simplex - Solak et al., fig. 14T; Turonian, Turkish Taurides</p><p>Non 2020 Nezzazata simplex - Sinanoğlu et al., pl. 1, figs. 3-4; Maastrichtian, southeast Turkey. [= Nezzazatinella ex gr. picardi or juveniles of other taxa]</p><p>2021 Nezzazata simplex - Mohajer et al., pl. 2, fig. k; late Cenomanian, Iranian Zagros.</p><p>2021 Nezzazata simplex - Schlagintweit &amp; Yazdi-Moghadam, fig. 2B; Cenomanian, Iranian Zagros.</p><p>2021 Nezzazata simplex - Solak, fig. 3P-R; late Cenomanian, Turkish Taurides.</p><p>? 2021 Nezzazata simplex - Saeedi-Razavi et al., pl. 1, fig. 12; Cenomanian, Iranian Zagros.</p><p>? 2021 Nezzazata cf. simplex - Consorti &amp; Schlagintweit, fig. 2L; late Cenomanian, Kosova.</p><p>Non 2021 Nezzazata simplex - Sinanoğlu, Pl. 1, figs. 3-4; Maastrichtian, southeast Turkey. [= Nezzazatinella ex gr. picardi or juveniles of other taxa].</p><p>2022 Nezzazata simplex - Al-Dulaimy et al., pl.1, fig. F (?); pl. 2, fig. D; pl. 3, fig. F; middle – late Cenomanian, southern Iraq.</p><p>2022b Nezzazata simplex - Schlagintweit &amp; Yazdi-Moghadam, fig. 2I. Cenomanian, Iranian Zagros.</p><p>? 2022 Nezzazata simplex - Youssef et al., pl. 18 bottom right; late Cenomanian, Kuwait.</p><p>? 2022 Nezzazata simplex - Mohajer et al., fig. 4g; late Cenomanian, Iranian Zagros.</p><p>Non 2022 Nezzazatianella simplex simplex [sic] - Ezzulddin &amp; Ibrahim, pl. 1(F); early Cenomanian, southern Iraq. [= impossible to determine]</p><p>Non 2022a Nezzazata gr. simplex - Schlagintweit &amp; Yazdi-Moghadam, fig. 2A &amp; B; fig. 3A &amp; B; Cenomanian, Iranian Zagros [probably = N. ex gr. gyra].</p><p>2023 Nezzazata simplex - Al-Salihi &amp; Ibrahim, pl. 3, fig. D; middle Cenomanian, southern Iraq.</p><p>2023 Nezzazata simplex - Esfandyari et al., fig. 21(d-e); late Albian-Cenomanian Iranian Zagros.</p><p>2023b Nezzazata simplex - Schlagintweit &amp; Yazdi-Moghadam, fig. 3b. Cenomanian, Iranian Zagros</p><p>Non 2023 Nezzazata simplex - Solak &amp; Taslı, fig. 9G, H, I; Fig. 11T; Fig. 13R, S, T; early Aptian - Albian, Turkey. [= Nezzazata isabellae]</p><p>Non 2023 Nezzazata simplex - Dawood &amp; Al-Dulaimi, pl. 1E, middle – late Cenomanian, southern Iraq [= N. ex. gr. gyra].</p><p>2024 Nezzazata simplex - Moghaddam et al., fig. 2c; Cenomanian, Iranian Zagros.</p><p>2024b Nezzazata cf. simplex - Schlagintweit et al., fig. 4L, age uncertain as reworked, Slovenia.</p><p>? 2024 Nezzazata simplex - Asady &amp; Al-Dulaimi, fig. 6a; late Albian – early Cenomanian, central Iraq [effectively indeterminate].</p><p>? 2024 Nezzazata simplex - Navidtalab et al., fig. 6(1); Aptian, Iranian Zagros.</p><p>Taxonomy/Identity: As noted above, a pragmatic morphological differentiation is used here, i.e., trochospiral, equally or somewhat asymmetrically biconvex with an acute periphery (= N. simplex); smaller trochospiral, equally or somewhat asymmetrically biconvex with a rounded - subrounded periphery (= N. isabellae) and trochospiral, more-or-less plano-conical with an acute to subacute periphery (= N. ex. gr. gyra). N. simplex is also somewhat intermediate in size between the smaller N. isabellae and the (generally) larger N. ex gr. gyra . Other differences are enumerated in Table 3 (above).</p><p>The type material of N. simplex has been re-illustrated by the American Natural History Museum (https://www.gbif.org/species/8784720) demonstrating the microgranular (agglutinating) nature of the wall.</p><p>Reference Images: Schroeder &amp; Neumann (1985), Pl. 11, Figs. 1-11, p. 33.</p><p>Confident Stratigraphic Range: Aptian to Cenomanian, commonly recorded from the middle and late Cenomanian. Sparse records in older strata. Some small Aptian forms may belong to separate taxa.</p><p>Uncertain Stratigraphic Range: Turonian – Maastrichtian.</p><p>N. simplex was first described from the early Cenomanian of Egypt (Omara, 1956) (precise age unconfirmed). Subsequently it has been reported with a supposed long age range, although most often from the Cenomanian (especially the middle and late Cenomanian – Hamaoui in Schroeder &amp; Neumann, 1985). Examples of stratigraphic range assessment include Late Albian – “Senonian” (Hamaoui in Schroeder &amp; Neumann, 1985); latest Aptian - near top Campanian (Velić, 2007); Cenomanian – Maastrichtian (Šribar &amp; Pleničar, 1990); late Aptian – top Cenomanian in Lebanon but ranging younger elsewhere (Saint-Marc, 1974, 1978, 1981); latest Albian - top Cenomanian (Crosaz-Galletti, 1979; Berthou, 1984; Chiocchini et al., 2012); and middle Cenomanian – Coniacian (Sari et al., 2009).</p><p>Many records of post-Cenomanian occurrence are unillustrated and cannot be verified (e.g. Božović et al., 2024). Nonetheless, there are records of illustrated specimens that appear similar to N. simplex . These include those of Luperto-Sinni &amp; Ricchetti (1978) (Maastrichtian); Solak (2019) (Campanian); Luperto-Sinni (1976) (Santonian). Solak et al. (2020) demonstrated that whilst present in Cenomanian strata in Turkey, a small form occurs in the Turonian. This has a maximum diameter of 0.25 mm, whereas typical N. simplex has diameters of between 0.45 – 1.0 mm. Wasfi &amp; Hataba (1984) presented less compelling evidence for the presence of Nezzazata spp. crossing the Cenomanian – Turonian boundary in Egypt. Luperto Sinni (1976) illustrated the species from post-Turonian strata in southern Italy. However, the illustrations are of axial sections only and the existence of the “narrow internal plate” is in doubt and therefore needs confirmation. Sartorio &amp; Venturini (1988) showed the species as occurring in the latest Albian to Coniacian/?Santonian, but much more commonly in the Cenomanian (although no actual post-Cenomanian specimens are illustrated). Records from the Maastrichtian of Turkey (Sinanoğlu et al., 2020; Sinanoğlu, 2021) are probably not this species (one is of Nezzazatinella ex gr. picardi and the others probably juveniles of other taxa), but more research is needed. The variety of reported ranges suggests either a strong facies control on distribution and/or taxonomy used sensu lato.</p><p>Small forms of N. simplex are reported from the Aptian (e.g. Solak &amp; Taslı, 2023) but are better assigned to N. isabellae . Specimens from the Aptian Dariyan Formation of the Iranian Zagros studied by one of us (FS) appear to be isomorphs of Cenomanian Nezzazata species, although consistently smaller, and are assigned to new taxa (Schlagintweit et al., 2024c).</p><p>The co-occurrence of Nezzazata species and alveolinids in Iranian sections defined the Nezzazata - alveolinid assemblage "zone" (number 25) of Wynd (1965) - it is not a true biozone but an assemblage biofacies as Wynd himself implied. Despite this, this "zone" has been identified by the majority of workers on Iranian Zagros biostratigraphy from then until the present day (e.g. Omidvar et al., 2014b; Saeedi Razavi et al., 2021) and the chronostratigraphic calibration to which Wynd (1965) attributed to it (Cenomanian -?Turonian) has been often applied as if it were a true biozone. As can be understood from this review, neither Nezzazata nor alveolinids have any great biostratigraphic value as senso lato terms. Even when species of Nezzazata are identified to create, for example a middle Cenomanian “ Nezzazata conica – Nezzazata simplex assemblage zone” (Afghah &amp; Fadaei, 2014, see also Al-Dulaimy et al., 2022; Al-Salihi &amp; Ibrahim, 2023; Dawood &amp; Al-Dulaimi, 2023) this will relate to facies rather than chronostratigraphic significance, except at a very local scale. Despite efforts such as those of Orabi &amp; Hamad (2018) and Mohajer et al. (2022), it is clear that Nezzazata species are not practical biostratigraphic markers for the subdivision of the mid-Cretaceous in the Middle East.</p><p>Geographic Range: One of the most commonly recorded taxon of all the mid-Cretaceous LBF, this species is known with abundant records from the Mediterranean (including North Africa) and the Arabian Plate (especially the Iranian Zagros). There are also records from Mexico. As yet, there are no confirmed records east of the Arabian Plate (e.g. Tibet).</p><p>Nezzazata ex gr. gyra (Smout, 1956) sensu Hamaoui in</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E9878BD146610D6CF57F1AFD30702C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Simmons, Michael;Bidgood, Michael;Consorti, Lorenzo;Schlagintweit, Felix	Simmons, Michael, Bidgood, Michael, Consorti, Lorenzo, Schlagintweit, Felix (2025): A Review Of The Identity And Biostratigraphy Of Cenomanian “ Larger ” Benthic Foraminifera: Part 1 - The Nezzazatoidea. Acta Palaeontologica Romaniae 21 (1): 5-57, DOI: 10.35463/j.apr.2025.01.02, URL: https://doi.org/10.35463/j.apr.2025.01.02
03E9878BD14F61006C027A80FD6074AD.text	03E9878BD14F61006C027A80FD6074AD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nezzazata isabellae Arnaud-Vanneau & Sliter 1995	<div><p>Nezzazata isabellae Arnaud-Vanneau &amp; Sliter, 1995</p><p>Fig. 12</p><p>? 1971 Nezzazata cf. convexa - Fleury, 187-188, pl. 3, figs. 1-7; middle Cenomanian, Greece.</p><p>1977 Nezzazata simplex germanica - Velić, pl. XIX, figs. 4-6; “Neocomian”, Croatia [early Hauterivian according to Velić, 2007].</p><p>1977 Nezzazata simplex - Velić, pl. XXI, figs. 9-11; Barremian, Croatia.</p><p>? 1982 Nezzazata sp. C - Altiner &amp; Decrouez, pl. VI, fig. 26; late Aptian – Cenomanian, Turkey.</p><p>T 1995 Nezzazata isabellae n. sp. Arnaud-Vanneau &amp; Sliter, p. 552; fig. 7; pl. 2, figs. 11-24; late? Aptian-early Albian, mid Pacific Ocean.</p><p>1995 Nezzazata isabellae - Arnaud-Vanneau &amp; Premoli Silva, p. 206; pl. 2, figs. 1-3; “middle” Aptian- Albian, Pacific/ Japan.</p><p>2006 Nezzazata isabellae - Mancinelli &amp; Chiocchini, p. 92; pl. 4, figs. 11-21; late Aptian-early Albian, central Italy.</p><p>2006 Nezzazata simplex - Taslı et al., fig. 6F (non E = N. simplex); middle – late Cenomanian, Turkish Taurides.</p><p>? 2010 Nezzazata isabellae - Cavin et al., fig. 9H; late Cenomanian, Morocco.</p><p>2012 Nezzazata isabellae - Chiocchini et al., pl. 66, figs. 1-14; late Aptian with range to earliest Cenomanian, central Italy.</p><p>? 2012 Nezzazata isabellae - Ghanem et al., figs. 6a(12), 6b (6, 10, 11); late Aptian – early Albian, Syria.</p><p>2013 Nezzazata isabellae - Hfaiedh et al., fig. 12W-Z, Aa; early Aptian, Tunisia.</p><p>Non 2013 Nezzazata isabellae - Ghanem &amp; Kuss, fig. 10(14) [=? Nezzazatinella sp.]., fig. 11(22) [indeterminate]; early – late Albian, Syria.</p><p>? 2015 Nezzazata isabellae - Citton et al., pl. 2.1;?late Aptian – early Albian?, southern Italy.</p><p>? 2016 Nezzazata simplex germanica - Hosseini et al., fig. 11d (non e = Nezzazatinella sp. ?); Hauterivian, Iranian Zagros</p><p>2019 Nezzazata isabellae - Taslı &amp; Solak, fig. 10(8); late Albian, Turkish Taurides.</p><p>2019 Nezzazata isabellae - Özkan &amp; Altiner, fig. 5(5); early Aptian, Turkish Arabian Plate.</p><p>? 2020 Nezzazata sp. - Solak et al., figs. 6F, I, fig. 11D; early – late Cenomanian, Turkish Taurides.</p><p>? 2020 Nezzazata isabellae - Randazzo et al., fig. 9C-D; early Albian, Sicily.</p><p>Non 2020 Nezzazata isabellae - Mohseni &amp; Javanmard, fig. 11(i); Cenomanian, Iranian Zagros. [=simple, trochospiral form].</p><p>2021 Nezzazata isabellae - Solak et al., figs. 3.1 - 3.14; Albian, Turkish Taurides.</p><p>2021 Nezzazata isabellae - Solak, fig. 1L-M; Albian – middle Cenomanian, Turkish Taurides.</p><p>Non 2021 Nezzazatinella cf. isabellae - Consorti &amp; Schlagintweit, fig. 2C-D; late Cenomanian, Kosova [= Nezzazatinella ex. gr. picardi, name used in error].</p><p>2023 Nezzazata simplex - Solak &amp; Taslı, fig. 9G, H, I; Fig. 11T; Fig. 13R, S, T; early Aptian - Albian, Turkish Taurides.</p><p>Taxonomy/Identity: First formally described by Arnaud-Vanneau &amp; Sliter (1995) from a Pacific Ocean Drilling Project borehole. It is smaller than the other Cenomanian and younger species with a maximum diameter of only 0.20 mm. See also the main discussion under N. simplex . N. isabellae is also distinguished by having a relatively high trochospire compared with N. simplex and N. ex gr. gyra, by having a well-rounded equatorial and axial periphery and by having the most chambers in the final whorl (12 cf. 8-10). Other similarities and differences are enumerated in Table 3 (above).</p><p>Filkorn &amp; Scott (2011) described a form they called “ Nezzazata sp. cf. N. isabellae ” from the late Albian of Mexico. It is larger (0.6 mm), rounded and planoconvex in comparison to N. isabellae .</p><p>Reference Images: Arnaud-Vanneau &amp; Sliter (1995), Fig. 7, Pl. 2, Figs. 11 -24, p. 552.</p><p>Confident Stratigraphic Range: Hauterivian – middle-late Cenomanian. Commonly recorded from the Aptian and Albian; sparse records from older or younger strata.</p><p>Uncertain Stratigraphic Range: Not applicable</p><p>Originally assigned a late Aptian - early Albian age (Arnaud-Vanneau &amp; Sliter, 1995). Extended to the "mid" Aptian and top Albian (Arnaud-Vanneau &amp; Premoli Silva, 1995; Velić 2007) and the intra- early Aptian by Husinec et al. (2009). Most records are from the Aptian and Albian (Mancinelli &amp; Chiocchini, 2006; Spalluto &amp; Caffau, 2010; Hfaiedh et al., 2013; Taslı &amp; Solak, 2019; Scott et al., 2024 – see also discussion of N. simplex). Nonetheless, the records of Velić (1977) of “ Nezzazata simplex germanica ” from Croatia extend the range to the Hauterivian as does that of Hosseini et al. (2016) from the Iranian Zagros.</p><p>Cenomanian records include that of Taslı et al. (2006) who recorded it as Nezzazata simplex from undifferentiated middle – late Cenomanian strata in the Turkish Taurides (see also Cenomanian record of Solak, 2021). Nezzazata cf. convexa described by Fleury (1971) from middle Cenomanian of Greece is similar in overall morphology, but a somewhat larger. Křížová et al. (2024) record the species from the guerangeri zone of the late Cenomanian in north-east Italy, but without illustration, whilst an illustration from similar aged sediments from Morocco (Cavin et al., 2010) cannot be confirmed as this species. A record from the Cenomanian of the Iranian Zagros (Mohseni &amp; Javanmard, 2020) appears erroneous and the species does not appear to be a component of Nezzazata -rich assemblages from the Cenomanian of the Arabian Plate.</p><p>Geographic Range: Most records are from the Mediterranean alongside the type description of the species from guyots in the Pacific. Records from the Arabian Plate are sparse/unconfirmed and the species is yet to be confirmed as present in Mexico or Tibet .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E9878BD14F61006C027A80FD6074AD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Simmons, Michael;Bidgood, Michael;Consorti, Lorenzo;Schlagintweit, Felix	Simmons, Michael, Bidgood, Michael, Consorti, Lorenzo, Schlagintweit, Felix (2025): A Review Of The Identity And Biostratigraphy Of Cenomanian “ Larger ” Benthic Foraminifera: Part 1 - The Nezzazatoidea. Acta Palaeontologica Romaniae 21 (1): 5-57, DOI: 10.35463/j.apr.2025.01.02, URL: https://doi.org/10.35463/j.apr.2025.01.02
03E9878BD14D613A6F917814FD6671CA.text	03E9878BD14D613A6F917814FD6671CA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nezzazatinella Darmoian 1976	<div><p>Nezzazatinella ex gr. picardi (Henson, 1948b)</p><p>Fig. 13</p><p>T 1948b Valvulammina picardi n. sp. - Henson, p. 613; pl. 15, figs. 1, 3; pl. 17, figs. 3-6; Santonian, Egypt.</p><p>1954 Valvulammina parrelloides n. sp. - Magne &amp; Sigal (in Cheylan et al.), p. 482-483, pl. XIV, figs. 4a-c; Coniacian? Algeria.</p><p>1957 Ceratobulimina aegyptiaca n. sp. - Sherif &amp; Kenawy, p. 83, pl. 13, fig. 21a-c; “early Turonian”, Egypt [the age of the section from which the types come is now known to be late Cenomanian – e.g. Zobaa et al., 2008; Mahsoub et al., 2012; Abd Elhady et al., 2014; Schlagintweit &amp; Mohsen Yazdi-Moghadam, 2022].</p><p>1961 Valvulammina picardi - Hamaoui, p. 12, pl. 1, figs. 7,?9; pl. 2, figs. 1, 3; pl. 3, figs. 3, 7; pl. 9, figs.?17, 18, 20-25; Cenomanian, Israel.</p><p>1964 Valvulammina picardi – Bozorgnia &amp; Banafti, pl. LXXV, fig. 1, Late Albian – Cenomanian, Central Iran 1965 Valvulammina sp. - Wynd, pl. 19a-b; Cenomanian?- Turonian, Coastal Fars, Iranian Zagros.</p><p>1965 Valvulammina picardi - Gollestaneh, p. 192; pl. 40, figs. 1-5; Hauterivian?/Barremian-Aptian, Iranian Zagros. 1966 Valvulammina picardi - Hamaoui, pl. 3, fig. 6; Cenomanian, Negev, Israel.</p><p>1968 Valvulammina picardi - Gendrot; pl. X, figs. 9-11; Santonian, southern France.</p><p>1968 Valvulammina parrelloides - Gendrot, pl. X, figs 7- 8; Santonian, southern France.</p><p>1969 Valvulammina picardi - Sampò, pl. XLV, figs. 7-8; Cenomanian-Turonian, Iranian Zagros.</p><p>1969 “ Valvulammina ” sp. - Conrad, fig. 17e-h. Barremian, Switzerland.</p><p>1970 Valvulammina cf. picardi - Hamaoui &amp; Saint-Marc, pl. 40, fig. 2 (see also pls. 33, 35); late Cenomanian, Lebanon.</p><p>1973 Valvulammina picardi - El-Naggar &amp; Al-Rifaiy, fig. 8(1-2); Cenomanian, Kuwait.</p><p>1976 Nezzazatinella adhami n. sp. Darmoian, p. 525; pl. 1, figs. 1-7;?late Turonian, Iraq.</p><p>1976 Nezzazata conica - Kalantari, pl. 22, fig. 22; Cenomanian, Iranian Zagros.</p><p>? 1976 Valvulammina picardi - Luperto-Sinni, pl. 46, fig. 5; “Senonian”, southwest Italy.</p><p>Non 1976 Valvulammina picardi - Kalantari, pl. 22, figs. 21, 23; Cenomanian, Iranian Zagros [= indeterminate].</p><p>1977 Valvulammina picardi - Chiocchini &amp; Mancinelli, pl. 35, fig. 2, pl. 38, fig. 2, pl. 39, fig. 1; middle Cenomanian – Turonian, southern Italy.</p><p>1977 Valvulammina cf. parrelloides - Chiocchini &amp; Mancinelli, pl. 42, fig. 2, early Senonian [Coniacian?], southern Italy.</p><p>1977 Valvulammina picardi - Velić, pl. XXXI, figs. 5-6; late Albian, Croatia.</p><p>? 1978 Trochospira avnimelechi - Luperto-Sinni &amp; Richetti, pl. 45, figs. 1-5; Santonian-Maastrichtian, southwest Italy.</p><p>1979 Nezzazatinella macoveii n. sp. - Neagu, p. 492-493, text-gig. 5, pl. 3, figs. 1-3, pl. 4, figs. 11-13; late Barremian, Romania.</p><p>1979 Valvulammina picardi - Mamužič et al., pl. 8, fig. 5; Cenomanian, Croatia.</p><p>1980 Nezzazatinella macoveii - Arnaud-Vanneau, p. 454- 458, text-figs. 169-171, pl. 52, figs. 1-4, pl. 80, figs. 1-13; Barremian – early Aptian, southern France.</p><p>1980 Nezzazatinella n. sp. - Arnaud-Vanneau, p. 459- 461, text-fig. 172, pl. 52, figs. 8-12, pl. 80, figs. 27-31; late Barremian – early Aptian, southern France.</p><p>1981 Valvulammina picardi - Bismuth et al., pl. 4, figs. 9-10; late Cenomanian-Coniacian, Tunisia.</p><p>1988 Nezzazatinella picardi - Sartorio &amp; Venturini, p. 112, upper figure; early Albian-late Santonian, Italy.</p><p>? 1989 Nezzazatinella aegyptiaca - Chérif et al., pl. 1, fig. 24; middle Turonian, Egypt [external view only].</p><p>1990 Nezzazatinella picardi - Šribar &amp; Pleničar, pl. 4, fig. 3; late Turonian, Slovenia.</p><p>1992 Nezzazatinella cf. picardi - Schlagintweit, p. 333; pl. 1, Abb. 9; middle Cenomanian-Santonian, Austrian Alps.</p><p>1992 Nezzazatinella picardi - Foglia, pl. 3, fig. 6; “Lower Senonian”, southern Italy.</p><p>1992 Nezzazata sp. - Kalantari, text-fig. 137(5), text-fig. 136; Maastrichtian, Iranian Zagros.</p><p>1994 Nezzazatinella picardi - Chiocchini et al., pl. 23, fig. 1; early Senonian, southern Italy.</p><p>1994 Nezzazatinella cf. aegyptiaca - Chiocchini et al., pl. 20, figs 1-3; Turonian, southern Italy.</p><p>1996 Nezzazatinella picardi - De Castro &amp; Sirna, pl. III, figs. 8-11; Coniacian, Egypt.</p><p>1997 Nezzazatinella picardi - Rosales-Domínguez et al., fig. 4G; Cenomanian, Mexico.</p><p>? 1997 Nezzazatatinella adhami [sic]- Ismail &amp; Soliman, p. 167; pl. 1, figs. 11-13; Cenomanian, Egypt [external views that are indeterminate].</p><p>1998 Nezzazatinella picardi - Whittaker et al., p. 56; pl. 21, figs. 1-2; pl. 76, figs. 3-6; early Turonian-late Santonian; Kuwait, Arabian Peninsula, Palestine / Israel.</p><p>2000 Nezzazatinella picardi (incorrectly attributed to “d’Orbigny, 1957”) - Aguilera-Franco, p. 162 including figure; middle-late Cenomanian, Mexico.</p><p>2003 Nezzazatinella picardi - Polavder, fig. 4(1-2); Late Cretaceous, Carpathians.</p><p>2004 Nezzazatinella picardi - Ettachfini &amp; Andreu, fig. 8A; late Cenomanian, Morocco.</p><p>2004 Nezzazatinella picardi - Menegatti, p. 2-34-2-35, pl. 11, fig. 7; pl. 12, fig. 4; late Cenomanian, offshore Dubai. 2005 Nezzazatinella picardi - Vaziri et al., pl. 2, figs. 8-9; late Cenomanian-Maastrichtian, central Iran.</p><p>2006 Nezzazatinella picardi - Taslı et al., fig. 7S- T; Coniacian-Santonian; central Turkey.</p><p>2006 Nezzazatinella picardi - Husinec &amp; Sokač, fig. 10H- I; early Albian, Croatia.</p><p>? 2006 Nezzazatinella picardi - Taslı et al., fig. 5E- F; fig. 7S-T; early Aptian- central Turkey.</p><p>2008 Nezzazatinella cf. aegyptiaca - Frijia et al., fig. 4f; Turonian, southern Italy.</p><p>2009 Nezzazatinella picardi - Sari et al., pl. II, figs. 12- 13; middle Cenomanian-Turonian, western Taurides, Turkey.</p><p>2009 Nezzazatinella picardi - Vaziri et al., pl. 2, figs. 8-9; Santonian – Campanian/?Maastrichtian, central Iran.</p><p>2010 Nezzazatinella picardi - Spalluto &amp; Caffau, fig. 12D; late Albian, southern Italy.</p><p>2011 Nezzazatinella picardi - Khosrotehrani et al., pl. 1A; Santonian, Iranian Zagros.</p><p>2012 Nezzazatinella picardi - Ghanem et al., fig. 6d(3); base Albian – top Cenomanian, Syria.</p><p>2012 Nezzazatinella picardi - Rahimpour-Bonab, fig. 8P; Cenomanian - Turonian, Iranian Zagros.</p><p>2012 Nezzazatinella cf. aegyptiaca - Chiocchini et al., pl. 118, figs. 1-2; Turonian, southern Italy.</p><p>2012 Nezzazatinella picardi - Chiocchini et al., pl. 138, figs. 1-2, Santonian, southern Italy.</p><p>2012 Nezzazatinella picardi - Omaña et al., pl. 2, fig. 1; pl. 5, fig. 8; middle-late Cenomanian, Mexico.</p><p>2013 Nezzazatinella picardi - Rahimpour-Bonab, fig. 8P; Cenomanian - Turonian, Iranian Zagros.</p><p>2013 Nezzazatinella picardi - Granier et al., pl. 8, fig. c; Late Cretaceous, Guatemala.</p><p>? 2013 Nezzazatinella picardia [sic] - Ghanem &amp; Kuss, fig. 9(1-2); fig. 10(12), fig. 11(25); fig. 13(31-32); fig. 14(34); late Aptian – top Cenomanian, Syria.</p><p>? 2013 Nezzazatinella picardi - Shanin &amp; Elbaz, pl. 1, fig. 28; late Cenomanian, Egypt [only a single external view presented].</p><p>2014a Nezzazatinella picardi - Omidvar et al., pl. 1, fig. Q; Cenomanian-Turonian, Iranian Zagros.</p><p>2014b Nezzazatinella picardi - Omidvar et al., pl. fig. 4/2; Cenomanian – Turonian, Iranian Zagros.</p><p>? 2014 Nezzazatinella picardi - Afghah et al. fig. 12E; Cenomanian, Iranian Zagros.</p><p>Non 2014 Nezzazatinella picardi - Afghah &amp; Fadaei, pl. 8h (but referring to 9h); Cenomanian, Iranian Zagros [indeterminate foraminifera, but not Nezzazatinella].</p><p>2015 Nezzazatinella sp. - Frijia et al., fig. 7L, fig. 8D; latest Cenomanian – Campanian, southern Italy.</p><p>2016 Nezzazatinella picardi - Assadi et al., fig. 6(a1 (mislabelled “ Nezzazata picardi ”, b4 (labelled correctly)); late Cenomanian, Iranian Zagros.</p><p>2016 Nezzazatinella picardi - Ghaseminia et al., fig. 4B; Coniacian-Santonian; Iranian Zagros.</p><p>2016 Nezzazatinella picardi - Rahiminejad &amp; Hassani, fig. 6G; late Cretaceous (Cenomanian?), central Iran.</p><p>2016 Nezzazatinella picardi - Rikhtegarzadeh et al., pl. 3, fig. 5; Cenomanian, Iranian Zagros.</p><p>2016 Nezzazatinella sp. - Arriaga et al., p. 12-14, fig. 4; late Turonian – early Coniacian, southern Italy.</p><p>2017 Nezzazatinella picardi - Rikhtegarzadeh et al., pl. 1, fig. 9; Cenomanian, Iranian Zagros.</p><p>2017 Nezzazatinella picardi - Koç, fig. 6a(F1-6); early Aptian, Turkey.</p><p>2017 Nezzazata conica - BouDagher-Fadel et al., fig. 12/11; Cenomanian, Tibet.</p><p>2017 Merlingina cretacea - Granier et al., fig. 6G-H; age not given, Guatemala.</p><p>? Non 2017 Nezzazatinella picardi - Koç, fig. 6b (D1-4); early Cenomanian – early Turonian [probably Nezzazata sp.].</p><p>2019 Nezzazatinella picardi - Taslı &amp; Solak, fig. 10(15- 16); late Albian, Turkish Taurides.</p><p>2019 Nezzazatinella picardi - Özkan &amp; Altiner, fig. 9/16- 18; Turonian; Turkish Arabian Plate [Cenomanian age may be preferred; Simmons et al., 2020].</p><p>2019 Nezzazatinella picardi - Omaña et al., p. 707; fig. 9b; middle-late Cenomanian, Mexico.</p><p>2019 Nezzazatinella picardi - Solak et al, fig. 8L; middle – late Cenomanian, Turkish Taurides.</p><p>2019 Nezzazatinella sp. - Solak et al., 2019, fig. 10E; late Campanian, Turkish Taurides.</p><p>? 2019 Nezzazatinella picardi - Kiarostami et al., pl. 1b; Cenomanian, Iranian Zagros.</p><p>2020 Nezzazatinella picardi - Solak et al., fig. 6D, E; fig. 11E-H (?11H), (non fig. 11L); fig. 13 G-H (?G), J, O (non fig. 13F), 14R1-R3; Cenomanian-Turonian, western Taurides, Turkey.</p><p>2020 Nezzazatinella picardi - Sinanoğlu et al., pl. 1, fig. 5; Maastrichtian, Turkish Arabian Plate.</p><p>2020 Nezzazatinella picardi - Fabbi et al., fig. 5m (as cf.), 5o; Coniacian-Santonian, Italy.</p><p>2020 Nezzazatinella picardi - Vaziri-Moghaddam &amp; Kalanat, fig. 4/13; Cenomanian – Turonian, Iranian Zagros.</p><p>? 2020 Nezzazatinella sp. and Dobrogelina sp. - Bomou et al., fig. 13; late Cenomanian, Mexico.</p><p>Non 2020 Nezzazatinella picardi - Solak et al., Fig. 11L [= Siphopfenderina geyikensis (Solak, 2022)].</p><p>Non 2020 Nezzazatinella picardi - Randazzo et al., fig. 9A-B; early Albian, Sicily (Italy) [probably Nezzazata sp.].</p><p>Non 2020 Nezzazatinella picardi - Keshavarzi et al., pl. 2, fig. c; Albian, Iranian Zagros [probably not a foraminifera].</p><p>2021 Nezzazatinella cf. isabellae - Consorti &amp; Schlagintweit, fig. 2C-D. late Cenomanian, Kosova [name used in error, N. isabellae is a small species of Nezzazata - see herein].</p><p>2021 Nezzazatinella picardi - Özkan, fig. 11(23-26); Campanian, Turkish Arabian Plate.</p><p>2021 Nezzazatinella picardi - Sinanoğlu, Pl. I, fig. 5; Maastrichtian, Turkey.</p><p>2021 Nezzazatinella picardi - Saeedi-Razavi et al., pl. 1, fig. 9; Cenomanian-Turonian, Iranian Zagros.</p><p>2021 Nezzazatinella picardi - Mohajer et al., pl. 2, fig. n; late Cenomanian, Iranian Zagros.</p><p>2021 Nezzazatinella picardi - Bagherpour et al., fig. 12ab, g; Turonian – Coniacian/Santonian, Iranian Zagros.</p><p>2021 Nezzazatinella picardi - Shapourikia et al., fig. 8b; late Albian – Cenomanian, Iranian Zagros.</p><p>2021 Nezzazatinella sp. - Solak, pl. 2I-J, pl. 3N-O (?); middle – late Cenomanian, Turkish Taurides.</p><p>2021 Nezzazatinella sp. - Solak et al., fig. 3(5-28); late? Albian, Turkish Taurides.</p><p>2022 Nezzazatinella picardi - Asghari et al., pl. 1, fig. h; late Cenomanian, Iranian Zagros.</p><p>2022 Nezzazatinella picardi - Al-Dulaimy et al., pl. 1(E, G); pl. 2, fig. C; pl. 3, fig. G [?]; late Cenomanian, SE Iraq.</p><p>2022 Nezzazatinella picardi - Mohajer et al., fig. 4j; Cenomanian, Iranian Zagros.</p><p>Non 2022 Nezzazatinella picardi - Brajkovič et al., fig. 2f; mid-Cretaceous, Slovenia [indeterminate foraminifera].</p><p>2023a Nezzazatinella picardi - Mehrabi et al., fig. 11(J); Santonian, Persian Gulf.</p><p>2023b Nezzazatinella picardi - Mehrabi et al., fig. 6(P): Turonian, Iranian Zagros.</p><p>2023 Nezzazatinella picardi - Esfandyari et al., fig. 21(gh); late Albian-Cenomanian Iranian Zagros.</p><p>2023 Nezzazatinella - Schlagintweit et al., fig. 4; middle -?late Turonian, Iranian Zagros [probably can be reassessed as no younger than middle Turonian; Simmons et al., 2024].</p><p>2023 – Nezzazatinella sp. - Solak &amp; Taslı; fig. 9E, fig. 12N-O, fig. 13I-K; late Aptian – Albian, Turkish Taurides.</p><p>Non 2023 Nezzazatinella picardi - Dawood &amp; Al-Dulaimi, pl. 1F; middle – late Cenomanian, southern Iraq [= Nezzazata ex gr. gyra].</p><p>2024 Nezzazatinella picardi - Křížová et al., fig. 4o; Turonian, NE Italy.</p><p>2024 Nezzazatinella picardi - Moghaddam et al., fig. 2f; Cenomanian, Iranian Zagros.</p><p>2024 Nezzazatinella cf. picardi - Sun &amp; Schlagintweit, fig. 7h-k; Campanian?, Tarim Basin, China.</p><p>2024 Nezzazatinella sp. - Alteneiji et al., fig. 10-B-C; late Barremian, United Arab Emirates.</p><p>Taxonomy/Identity: First described by Henson (1948b) from the supposed Santonian of Egypt as Valvulammina picardi, this species was subsequently placed in the genus Nezzazatinella, when the genus was created by Darmoian (1976). The type species of Nezzazatinella, N. adhami, was considered as a synonym of N. picardi by Whittaker et al. (1998) although maintained as separate species by Omaña et al. (2019). Herein, pending a full taxonomic study, we introduce the concept Nezzazatinella ex. gr. picardi that includes the following taxa as originally described: Valvulammina picardi Henson, 1948b; Valvulammina parrelloides Magne &amp; Sigal (in Cheylan et al., 1954); Ceratobulimina aegyptiaca Said &amp; Kenawy, 1957; Nezzazatinella adhami Darmoian, 1976; Nezzazatinella macoveii Neagu, 1979; Nezzazatinella n. sp. Arnaud-Vanneau, 1980; Nezzazatinella cf. aegyptiaca sensu Chiocchini et al. 2012; and Nezzazatinella sp. sensu Solak et al., 2021. As shown in Table 4 these taxa are broadly similar in nature of coiling, dimensions, chamber shape and other biometric features (see also discussion in Schlagintweit, 1992; Arriaga et al., 2016; Solak et al., 2020, 2021). The shape of the periphery can vary from rounded to subacute, but this is a minor variation.</p><p>In terms of nomenclature used, N. picardi is by far the most common, with a wide range in terms of geography and age, with there being a few uses of N. aegyptiaca (including the cf. form) and N. adhami .</p><p>Valvulammina parrelloides is a poorly known species originally described from the probable Coniacian of Algeria (Magne &amp; Sigal in Cheylan et al., 1954). It is only known from external views, but appears similar to Nezzazatinella, as noted by Darmoian (1976) and Schlagintweit (1992). The only usage of the name to describe specimens appears to be Gendrot (1968) and also Chiocchini &amp; Mancinelli (1977) who mention “ Valvulammina cf. parrelloides ” from the “Senonian” of Italy.</p><p>Ceratobulimina aegyptiaca was recognised as a species of Nezzazatinella by Chérif et al. (1989), although the type description from the “early Turonian” (= late Cenomanian) of Egypt presents only external views (Said &amp; Kenawy, 1957). Chérif et al. (1989) also considered N. adhami a synonym. The holotype has recently been re-illustrated by the American Museum of Natural History (https://collections.nmnh.si.edu/search/paleo/?ark=ark:/6 5665/38d26cf415ae54d8daed2913d6c3242ee) which demonstrates a fine-grained agglutinating wall texture. The age of the section from which the types come is now known to be Cenomanian (e.g., Zobaa et al., 2008; Mahsoub et al., 2012; Abd Elhady et al., 2014; Schlagintweit &amp; Yazdi-Moghadam, 2022). It is only occasionally referred to in the literature, although Chiocchini et al. (1994, 2008, 2012) refer to a form called Nezzazatinella cf. aegyptiaca but without explanation.</p><p>Nezzazatinella adhami described from the Turonian of southern Iraq (Darmoian, 1976) remains a poorly known species since it is described from external views only. As noted by Arriaga et al. (2016) re-examination of type material is required to establish the differences, if any, with other taxa.</p><p>Nezzazatinella macoveii described from the late Barremian of Romania (Neagu, 1979) has limited reports in the literature. N. macoveii is said to have possible supplementary cribrate apertures, which would be a key difference to other forms of Nezzazatinella, although these will be difficult to recognise in thin-section.</p><p>Arnaud-Vanneau (1980) introduced “ Nezzazatinella n.sp. ” from the late Barremian – early Aptian of France. Not reported subsequently (to the best of our knowledge), it is perhaps the most distinctive of the taxa included in the Nezzazatinella ex. gr. picardi concept used herein, with a notably subangular profile in axial cross-section.</p><p>Solak et al. (2021) recently introduced a form they called “ Nezzazatinella sp. ” from the (late?) Albian of the Turkish Taurides that they felt was distinct from other species of Nezzazatinella, but which is included herein within N. ex. gr. picardi pending further investigation. It is a relatively small form with few chambers in the last whorl.</p><p>Systematic treatments of Nezzazatinella are rare (see Omaña et al., 2019, for an example). Henson's (1948b) description remains, probably, the most comprehensive, supplemented by the work of Darmoian (1976).</p><p>Essentially, according to Darmoian’s (1976) description and remarks, Nezzazatinella shows none of the diagnostic features of Valvulammina Cushman to which N. picardi was originally assigned by Henson (1948b) and has much more in common with the genus Nezzazata . It differs from Nezzazata in the following respects; (i) chambers in the final whorl are narrowly elongated, (ii) the last 3-4 chambers are strongly elongated resulting in a flaring test, (iii) chambers increase rapidly in size, (iv) ventral sutures are sinuate, (v) the umbilicus (pseudoumbilicus) is open and (vi) the aperture is slit-like rather than more L-shaped with a toothplate.</p><p>Whittaker et al. (1998) and Vaziri-Moghaddam &amp; Kalanat (2020) incorrectly considered the wall to be porcellaneous.</p><p>Reference Images: Henson (1948b) Pl. XV, Figs. 1, 3, Pl. XVIII [error in original – should be plate XVII], Figs. 3-6, p. 613. Chiocchini et al. (2012) has several illustrations from the Santonian of Italy.</p><p>Confident Stratigraphic Range: late Barremian to top Maastrichtian pending taxonomic review.</p><p>Uncertain Stratigraphic Range: Not applicable.</p><p>N. ex. gr. picardi exemplifies the issues regarding the use of Cretaceous LBF as biostratigraphic markers. In totality, its range appears to be very long (late Barremian to Maastrichtian), but locally it may be restricted to certain rock units and have local correlation value, if not chronostratigraphic significance. For example, in Italy it is regarded as a classic component of the “Radiolitid Limestone Unit” of the Turonian – Campanian (Consorti et al., 2017). Chiocchini et al. (2012) restrict the range to the Santonian within southern Italy (see further evidence from Fabbi et al., 2020). On the other hand, these same authors recognise a “ Nezzazatinella cf. aegyptica and</p><p>,</p><p>adhami</p><p>.</p><p>N</p><p>,</p><p>picardi</p><p>.</p><p>N</p><p>:</p><p>)</p><p>Henson</p><p>(</p><p>picardi</p><p>.</p><p>N</p><p>with synonymised. sp</p><p>)</p><p>(</p><p>herein possibly</p><p>Nezzazatinella and</p><p>Nezzazatinella n sp</p><p>..</p><p>species of</p><p>, Nezzazatinella</p><p>Cenomanian,. N macoveii defined aegyptica broadly</p><p>. N., cf</p><p>of eight</p><p>aegyptica</p><p>features</p><p>. V,</p><p>Characteristic parrelloides</p><p>.</p><p>4</p><p>Table</p><p>Valvulammina continuation</p><p>-</p><p>. 4 Table</p><p>Nummoloculina cf. irregularis zone” encompassing the whole of the Turonian. However, Nezzazatinella cf. aegyptica (which is herein included in the N. ex. gr. picardi concept) is shown ranging into the late Cenomanian and Coniacian. This zone was formerly termed the Valvulammina picardi-Nummoloculina heimi zone by Chiocchini &amp; Mancinelli (1977).</p><p>N. picardi and its likely synonym N. adhami were originally recorded from post-Cenomanian strata (Santonian of Egypt and?late Turonian? of southern Iraq respectively), but N. ex. gr. picardi has been commonly reported from Cenomanian strata throughout Neotethys where it has been used locally as a zonal marker (see below) and, also locally, may be restricted to the Cenomanian (e.g., Aguilera-Franco, 2000, 2003). The type section of N. adhami is in the lower Shat Al Arab Formation in the subsurface of the Ratawi oilfield of southern Iraq. It comes from a miliolid-rich limestone lying between the Mishrif Formation and the Khasib Member/Formation. Questionably thought to be late Turonian by Darmoian (1976), it is possible that it occurs in the equivalent of the Laffan and Ilam Formations in neighbouring Iran, above a mid-Turonian unconformity (Simmons et al., 2024; Hosseini et al, 2024).</p><p>Reports of the species in the Aptian Dariyan Formation of the Iranian Zagros (Haghighi &amp; Sahraeyn, 2014; Hamedanian et al., 2017) are unsubstantiated by illustration. However, Gollesstaneh (1965) illustrates the species from the Barremian – Aptian (and possibly Hauterivian) of the Iranian Zagros. The form illustrated falls into the broad concept of N. ex. gr. picardi . This is probably also true for specimens of N. picardi from the Aptian of Turkey (Taslı et al., 2006; Koç, 2017) and from the Albian of Sicily (Randazzo et al., 2020). Forms identified as Nezzazatinella by Alteneiji et al. (2024; fig. 10b-c) from as old as the late Barremian of northeast UAE also support Gollesstaneh’s record (see also Schlagintweit et al., 2024a).</p><p>The species has been widely described from the mid-Cretaceous of the Middle East, especially the Zagros with many records from the Cenomanian – early Turonian Sarvak Formation. Whilst it can occur lower in the Sarvak Formation, it appears to be a distinct component of the uppermost (Turonian) part of this formation where this interval is preserved (see Schlagintweit et al., 2023c; Simmons et al., 2024 for a discussion of this preservation and Hosseini et al., 2024 for mention of occurrence). Wynd (1965) created the “ Valvulammina – Dicyclina Assemblage Zone (29)” recognising this (and illustrating what is N. picardi as Valvulammina sp.), later the Moncharmontia apenninica – Nezzazatinella – Dicyclina Assemblage Zone of Omidvar et al. (2014b) that is demonstrably Turonian in age from Strontium isotope analysis (Mehrabi et al., 2022a, b). Ghaseminia et al. (2016) show that the species can occur in the overlying Laffan and Ilam Formations (probably no older than Coniacian – Simmons et al., 2024) (see also Rahimpour-Bonab et al., 2013; Omidvar et al., 2014b; Bagherpour et al., 2 021; Hosseini et al., 2024), thus demonstrating that the species not only survived the end-Cenomanian extinction, but also the major intra-Turonian stratigraphic reorganisation and hiatus (Simmons et al., 2024). It is said to occur in the equivalent Halul Formation of offshore Abu Dhani (Le Blanc, 2015).</p><p>N. picardi was illustrated from the Cenomanian Mishrif Formation of Kuwait (El-Naggar &amp; Al-Rifaiy, 1973), and recently illustrated from the Mishrif Formation of southern Iraq (Al-Dulaimy et al., 2022). The species is well known from the Cenomanian of Israel and Lebanon (Hamaoui, 1961, 1966; Hamaoui &amp; Saint-Marc, 1970). Arkin &amp; Hamaoui (1967) report it as ranging throughout the Cenomanian into the Turonian in Israel.</p><p>N. picardi has sometimes been used as a zonal marker, either alone (e.g., Omaña et al., 2019; Nezzazatinella picardi Interval Zone assigned to middle – late Cenomanian; Dehghanian &amp; Afghah, 2021; N. picardi zone assigned to the middle Cenomanian; Parvaneh Nejad Shirazi et al. 2009 – N. picardi assemblage zone assigned to the Albian) or with other taxa (e.g., Mohajer et al., 2021 - N. picardi-Mangashtia- Dicyclina assemblage zone attributed to the early Turonian; Omidi et al., 2021 - N. picardi-Dicyclina schlumbergeri assemblage zone of the Turonian). All of these would appear to be local biofacies intervals rather than true biozones.</p><p>Geographic Range: N. ex. gr. picardi is known from Guatemala and Mexico to Tibet with many records from North Africa and the Arabian Plate as well as the Mediterranean region. There are also records from Central Iran and the Tarim Basin, suggesting this taxon was one of the most widespread Cretaceous LBF.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E9878BD14D613A6F917814FD6671CA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Simmons, Michael;Bidgood, Michael;Consorti, Lorenzo;Schlagintweit, Felix	Simmons, Michael, Bidgood, Michael, Consorti, Lorenzo, Schlagintweit, Felix (2025): A Review Of The Identity And Biostratigraphy Of Cenomanian “ Larger ” Benthic Foraminifera: Part 1 - The Nezzazatoidea. Acta Palaeontologica Romaniae 21 (1): 5-57, DOI: 10.35463/j.apr.2025.01.02, URL: https://doi.org/10.35463/j.apr.2025.01.02
03E9878BD177613A6E497F79FAE871E9.text	03E9878BD177613A6E497F79FAE871E9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rabanitina basraensis Smout 1956	<div><p>Rabanitina basraensis Smout, 1956</p><p>Fig. 14</p><p>T 1956 Rabanitina basraensis n. gen., n. sp., Smout, p. 344; pl. 1, fig. 32; pl. 2, figs. 7-22; text-fig. 2; early Cenomanian [most likely late Albian], southern Iraq.</p><p>Non 1966 Rabanitina cf. basraensis - Luperto Sinni, p.121, 125; pl. 9, fig. 3-4. Cenomanian, southern Italy. [= Cisalveolina lehneri Reichel 1941]</p><p>? 1969 Barkerina sp. - Sampò, Pl. XLV, fig. 2; Cenomanian, Iranian Zagros.</p><p>Non 1992 Rabanitina basraensis – Kalantari, pl. 74; text-fig. 156, 1-4; Cenomanian, Iranian Zagros [= Reticulinella reicheli]</p><p>Non 2021 Rabanitina basraensis - Mohajer et al., pl. 1, fig. k; Cenomanian, Iranian Zagros [= Reticulinella reicheli]</p><p>Taxonomy/Identity: The test is characteristically planoconvex (typically in the juvenile stage) to subglobular (adult), trochoid throughout with a well-rounded periphery and multiple apertures in a single, interiomarginal row. The chambers show a “complex longitudinal plate” (Smout, 1956), the presence of which (and the lack of apparent pseudokeriotheca) separates this species from the very similar, homeomorphic, Simplorabanitina simplex Consorti et al. (2022 - see below).</p><p>Whittaker et al. (1998) incorrectly considered the wall to be porcellaneous.</p><p>Reference Images: Smout (1956), Text-Fig. 2, Pl. 1, Fig. 32, Pl. 2, Figs. 7 -22, p. 344.</p><p>Confident Stratigraphic Range: latest Albian.</p><p>Uncertain Stratigraphic Range: Cenomanian.</p><p>Originally regarded as occurring probably low in the Cenomanian, this is now known (e.g., Bromhead et al., 2022) to be mostly latest Albian. Consorti et al. (2022) introduced Simplorabanitina simplex for a related form from the middle Cenomanian Sarvak Formation of the Iranian Zagros. It may be that some unillustrated records of R. basraensis from the Sarvak Formation (Jamalpour et al., 2017; Kiarostami et al., 2019; Asghari et al., 2022) and the Mishrif Formation of Kuwait (El-Naggar &amp; El- Rifaiy, 1972) are actually this relatively new species, although an illustration of “ Barkerina sp. ” by Sampò (1969) from the Sarvak Formation might possibly be R. basraensis . Other records of R. basraensis from the Sarvak (Kalantari, 1992; Mohajer et al., 2021) are most likely Reticulinella reicheli .</p><p>Geographic Range: Only confidently known from its type locality in southern Iraq and possibly the Iranian Zagros. Cherchi et al. (1976) recorded, but did not illustrate, a form they called R. cf. basraensis from the undifferentiated Cenomanian of southern Italy.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E9878BD177613A6E497F79FAE871E9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Simmons, Michael;Bidgood, Michael;Consorti, Lorenzo;Schlagintweit, Felix	Simmons, Michael, Bidgood, Michael, Consorti, Lorenzo, Schlagintweit, Felix (2025): A Review Of The Identity And Biostratigraphy Of Cenomanian “ Larger ” Benthic Foraminifera: Part 1 - The Nezzazatoidea. Acta Palaeontologica Romaniae 21 (1): 5-57, DOI: 10.35463/j.apr.2025.01.02, URL: https://doi.org/10.35463/j.apr.2025.01.02
03E9878BD17761386C237F58FEFE7773.text	03E9878BD17761386C237F58FEFE7773.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Simplorabanitina simplex Consorti 2022	<div><p>Simplorabanitina simplex Consorti et al., 2022</p><p>Fig. 15</p><p>2022a Rabanitina ? sp., Schlagintweit &amp; Yazdi-Moghadam, figs. 3C, 3F; Cenomanian, Iranian Zagros.</p><p>T 2022 Simplorabanitina simplex n. gen., n. sp. Consorti et al., p. 4; fig. 3(A-Q); middle Cenomanian, Iranian Zagros</p><p>Taxonomy/Identity: The wall is pseudokeriothecal and the test is characteristically planoconvex (typically in the juvenile stage) to subglobular (adult), trochoid throughout with a well-rounded periphery and multiple apertures in a single (or multiple in the final chamber), interiomarginal row. Coxites is similar but has a more flattened profile and a more acute periphery. It is a close homeomorph of Rabanitina but lacks the “marked skeletal element (i.e., the ‘median plate’)” of that genus (Consorti et al., 2022).</p><p>The possession of a pseudokeriothecal wall structure in an otherwise “nezzazatoid” taxon (Consorti et al., 2022) suggests higher-level taxonomic classification requires further study (see Table 1).</p><p>Fig. 15. Representative illustrations of Simplorabinatina simplex: a Subaxial section, Consorti et al. (2022, fig. 3A, Iran); b Subequatorial section, Consorti et al. (2022, fig. 3J, Iran); c Subequatorial section, Consorti et al. (2022, fig. 3M, Iran).</p><p>Reference Images: Consorti et al. (2022), Fig. 3, p. 4.</p><p>Confident Stratigraphic Range: lower middle Cenomanian of the Zagros, Iran (based on a single record).</p><p>Uncertain Stratigraphic Range: not applicable.</p><p>A recently introduced species from the middle Cenomanian part of the Sarvak Formation, Iranian Zagros (Consorti et al., 2022). Consorti et al. (2022) suggest that the species has a restricted distribution “ expected to be limited to the Arabian Plate, and perhaps including northern Somalia ” (p. 6).</p><p>Geographic Range: Currently only known from the Arabian Plate.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E9878BD17761386C237F58FEFE7773	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Simmons, Michael;Bidgood, Michael;Consorti, Lorenzo;Schlagintweit, Felix	Simmons, Michael, Bidgood, Michael, Consorti, Lorenzo, Schlagintweit, Felix (2025): A Review Of The Identity And Biostratigraphy Of Cenomanian “ Larger ” Benthic Foraminifera: Part 1 - The Nezzazatoidea. Acta Palaeontologica Romaniae 21 (1): 5-57, DOI: 10.35463/j.apr.2025.01.02, URL: https://doi.org/10.35463/j.apr.2025.01.02
03E9878BD17561386FD77873FD1177D9.text	03E9878BD17561386FD77873FD1177D9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trochospira Hamaoui 1965	<div><p>Genus Trochospira Hamaoui, 1965, emend. Hamaoui &amp; Saint-Marc, 1970</p><p>Trochospira avnimelechi Hamaoui, 1965, emend.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E9878BD17561386FD77873FD1177D9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Simmons, Michael;Bidgood, Michael;Consorti, Lorenzo;Schlagintweit, Felix	Simmons, Michael, Bidgood, Michael, Consorti, Lorenzo, Schlagintweit, Felix (2025): A Review Of The Identity And Biostratigraphy Of Cenomanian “ Larger ” Benthic Foraminifera: Part 1 - The Nezzazatoidea. Acta Palaeontologica Romaniae 21 (1): 5-57, DOI: 10.35463/j.apr.2025.01.02, URL: https://doi.org/10.35463/j.apr.2025.01.02
