taxonID	type	description	language	source
03F287E18A167D647CF2F169DA5BFA0E.taxon	materials_examined	Type genus: Newnesia E. A. Smith, 1902.	en	Moles, Juan, Avila, Conxita, Malaquias, Manuel A. E. (2018): Systematic revision of the Antarctic gastropod family Newnesiidae (Heterobranchia: Cephalaspidea) with the description of a new genus and a new abyssal species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 183: 763-775
03F287E18A167D647F7AF5C4DCD7FD64.taxon	description	(FIG. 2 A – I)	en	Moles, Juan, Avila, Conxita, Malaquias, Manuel A. E. (2018): Systematic revision of the Antarctic gastropod family Newnesiidae (Heterobranchia: Cephalaspidea) with the description of a new genus and a new abyssal species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 183: 763-775
03F287E18A167D647D35F1A9DC97FEF2.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Newnesia antarctica E. A. Smith, 1902; by monotypy. Diagnosis: Shell external, globose, thin; apical area flattened, with large aperture. Broad cephalic shield, posterolateral cephalic lobes present. Tentacular processes absent. Parapodia absent. External sperm groove present, running laterally on right side of body from gonopore to penial aperture. Pedal gland furrow present or not. Sharp unicuspidated rachidian teeth with two to eight denticles along sides, lateral teeth present or not. Jaws and gizzard plates absent. Cuticularized and spinous gizzard. Male reproductive system tubular; prostate short; penial papilla uni- or bilobed. Two gills; one lying on roof and one on floor of mantle cavity. Two repugnatorial glands present, one placed on left anterolateral side, without a distinctive funnel connected to the outside, the other on right posterolateral side right after mantle cavity (infrapallial lobe).	en	Moles, Juan, Avila, Conxita, Malaquias, Manuel A. E. (2018): Systematic revision of the Antarctic gastropod family Newnesiidae (Heterobranchia: Cephalaspidea) with the description of a new genus and a new abyssal species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 183: 763-775
03F287E18A167D637F3EF760DADCFEE1.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: Cape Adare, Ross Sea; 40 m depth. Diagnosis: Shell external, globose, thin; apical area flattened, with large aperture. Broad cephalic shield, posterolateral cephalic lobes present. Tentacular processes absent. Parapodia absent. External sperm groove present, running laterally on right side of body from gonopore to penial aperture. Pedal gland furrow present in midfoot section. Radular formula: 0.1.0. Sharp unicuspidated rachidian teeth with two to five denticles along sides. Jaws and gizzard plates absent. Cuticularized and spinous gizzard. Male reproductive system tubular; prostate short; penial papilla bilobed. Two gills; one lying on roof and one on floor of mantle cavity. Two repugnatorial glands present, one placed on left anterolateral side, the other on right posterolateral side right after mantle cavity (infrapallial lobe). Material examined (Fig. 1): Off Adélie Land, 66 ° 1 ′ S, 140 ° 00 ′ E, 15 January 2008, 196 m depth, 1 spc. dissected and sequenced, MNHN, Paris IM- 2009 - 8030, H = 31 mm; 66 ° 33 ′ S, 140 ° 51 ′ E, 13 January 2008, 361 m depth, 1 spc. dissected and sequenced, MNHN, Paris IM- 2009 - 8042, H = 38 mm; 66 ° 34 ′ S, 141 ° 18 ′ E, 13 January 2008, 199 m depth, 1 spc., MNHN, Paris IM- 2009 - 8032, H = 36.4 mm; 66 ° 34 ′ S, 141 ° 18 ′ E, 13 January 2008, 199 m depth, 1 spc., MNHN, Paris IM- 2009 - 8035, H = 17.7 mm; 66 ° 33 ′ S, 140 ° 51 ′ E, 13 January 2008, 361 m depth, 1 spc., MNHN, Paris IM- 2009 - 8041, H = 36 mm. Weddell Sea, Austasen Bank, 70 ° 57 ′ 6 ″ S, 10 ° 33 ′ 31 ″ W, 22 December 2003, 337 m depth, 1 spc. dissected and sequenced, ZMBN 116995, H = 38 mm; 70 ° 56 ′ 40 ″ S, 10 ° 32 ′ 3 ″ W, 13 December 2003, 302 m, 1 spc. dissected, ZMBN 116997, H = 15 mm. Shell (Fig. 2 A – D): Maximum H = 38 mm. External; thin, white, globose; aperture wide, strongly oblique to shell axis; covering whole viscera; protoconch notprotruding; spire short; sculpture consisting of faint parallel spiral lines and thin transverse lines (Fig. 2 D); umbilicus absent; thin, unornamented lip, parietal callus absent; thin, translucent, yellowish periostracum.	en	Moles, Juan, Avila, Conxita, Malaquias, Manuel A. E. (2018): Systematic revision of the Antarctic gastropod family Newnesiidae (Heterobranchia: Cephalaspidea) with the description of a new genus and a new abyssal species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 183: 763-775
03F287E18A107D607D24F2F4D9F8FAAB.taxon	description	(FIG. 3 A – I) urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: D 0 D 2 FCFF- 9 B 8 F- 4451 - A 40 B- 825 C 19 ACBA 9 E Type locality: Drake Passage, 60 ° 39 ′ 11 ″ S, 53 ° 56 ′ 51 ″ W, Western Antarctica; 2325 – 2893 m depth. Diagnosis: Shell external, globose, rather thick; apical area flattened, with large aperture. Broad cephalic shield, posterolateral cephalic lobes present. Tentacular processes absent. External sperm groove present, running laterally on right side of body from gonopore to penial aperture. Parapodia absent. Pedal gland furrow absent. Radular formula: 2.1.2. Sharp unicuspidated rachidian teeth with five to eight denticles along sides. Jaws and gizzard plates absent. Cuticularized and spinous gizzard. Male reproductive system tubular; prostate narrower, curled. Penial papilla short, unilobed. Two gills one lying on roof and one on floor of mantle cavity. Two repugnatorial glands present, one placed on left anterolateral side, the other on right posterolateral side right after mantle cavity (infrapallial lobe). Material examined (Fig. 1): North of the South Scotia Ridge, 60 ° 39 ′ 11 ″ S, 53 ° 56 ′ 51 ″ W, 30 January 2002, 2889 – 2893 m depth, 1 spc. sequenced, ZSM Moll 20021145, H = 21 mm (holotype). Drake Passage, north of King George Island, South Shetland Islands, 58 ° 6 ′ 41 ″ S, 61 ° 17 ′ 21 ″ W, 21 December 2015, 2325 m depth, 1 spc. dissected and sequenced, ZMBN 116994, H = 22 mm (paratype). Etymology: The name stems from the fact that this species was found in the upper abyssal zone. Shell (Fig. 3 A – D): Maximum H = 22 mm. External; thick, white, globose; aperture wide, oblique to shell axis; covering whole viscera; protoconch not-protruding; spire short; sculpture consisting of transverse lines of squared pits (Fig. 3 D); umbilicus absent; thin, lip unornamented, parietal callus absent; thin, translucent periostracum. External morphology (Fig. 3 A – C): Animal beige to whitish when alive and preserved. Cephalic shield broad, thickened, trapezoidal; mouth opening lying ventrally; two large, folded, posterolateral orientated velar lobes displaying ciliated grooves; penial opening placed in right anterior notch under cephalic lobe. External sperm groove present, running laterally on right side of body from gonopore to penial pore. Tentacular processes and parapodia absent. Mantle cavity placed on right side, partially covered by shell; prominent, plicate, primary gill inside; accessory gill smaller, placed directly underneath; anus opening posteriorly on right side of body, close to edge of mantle cavity. Two repugnatorial glands present, one placed on left anterolateral side, the other on right posterolateral side right after mantle cavity (infrapallial lobe). Foot broad, protruding posteriorly body perimeter; propodium squared and slightly lobulated; metapodium oval. Pedal gland not observed. Radula (Fig. 3 E): Radular formula 28 × 2.1.2. Rachidian large, triangular; tip pointed with sharp central cusp; base large, hollow; five to eight small sharp denticles on each side curved inwards. Lateral teeth flat, thin, triangular-hook shaped with convex anterior margin; well separated from rachidian teeth. Digestive tract (Fig. 3 F): Pharynx surrounded by thick, non-striated muscle layers. Jaws absent. Salivary glands sausage shaped with narrow section, lying close to oesophagus and gizzard. Oesophagus elongate cylindrical. Gizzard plates absent; pointed, chitinous gizzard spines present. Digestive gland occupying most of visceral whorl. Male reproductive system (Fig. 3 G, H): Tubular with narrower and slightly curled prostate. Penial region elongated, broad. Penial papilla short, unilobed, unarmed, wrinkled. Ecology (Fig. 3 I): Known only from depths between 2325 and 2893 m (this study). Diatoms observed inside gizzard. Distribution (Fig. 1): The Drake Passage, at the north of King George Island and the Scotia Ridge. Remarks: Despite the overall similarities in shell shape between N. antarctica and N. abyssalis sp. nov., the latter has a less developed periostracum and a distinct microsculpture made of transverse lines with welldefined square pits (Figs 2 D, 3 D). Morphologically, contrary to N. antarctica, we could not observe a distinct furrow on the pedal gland of N. abyssalis sp. nov. (Fig. 3 B), but this needs to be further investigated with histological studies. The radula of N. abyssalis sp. nov. is more complex with higher number of cusps in the rachidian tooth and presence of two lateral teeth (Fig. 3 E). The gizzard spines in N. abyssalis sp. nov. are comparatively more developed and sharp (Fig. 3 F). Concerning the reproductive system, N. abyssalis sp. nov. has a conspicuously narrower and longer prostate and a simple unilobed penial papilla (Fig. 3 G, H), which is bilobed in N. antarctica (Fig. 2 H). Moreover, these two species, although perhaps sympatric in some geographical areas (Fig. 1), seem to inhabit different bathymetric zones; N. antarctica apparently does not occur bellow c. 700 m, while N. abyssalis sp. nov. was only found at the transition from the bathyal to the abyssal zone (2325 – 2893 m depth) sensu Vinogradova (1997).	en	Moles, Juan, Avila, Conxita, Malaquias, Manuel A. E. (2018): Systematic revision of the Antarctic gastropod family Newnesiidae (Heterobranchia: Cephalaspidea) with the description of a new genus and a new abyssal species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 183: 763-775
03F287E18A127D6F7D6DF1E4DA0FFC5F.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Newnesia joani Moles, Wägele, Schrödl & Avila, 2017. Diagnosis: Shell internal, globose. Radula three-seriate, with sharp unicuspid rachidian tooth and lamellate laterals. Left anterolateral repugnatorial gland with distinct funnel and right posterolateral repugnatorial gland present. Distinct parietal ganglion present. See Moles et al. (2017 a) for a complete description of the type species. Examined material: Hocius joani comb. nov.: Drake Passage, north of King George Island, 61 ° 27.6 ′ S, 58 ° 4.1 ′ W to 61 ° 26.5 ′ S, 58 ° 7.4 ′ W, 19 March 1998, 967 – 1227 m depth, 1 spc., ZSMMoll 20150456, H = 15.7 mm (holotype); 1 spc., dissected and sequenced, CRBA 2024, H = 21 mm (paratype 1); 1 spc., dissected and sequenced, ZSM Moll 20150456, H = 19 mm (paratype 2); 1 spc., dissected, ZSM Moll 20150456, H = 18 mm (paratype 3); 1 spc., sectioned, H = 10.7 mm (paratype 4); 1 spc., ZSM Moll 20150456, H = 10.4 mm (paratype 5); 1 spc., ZSM Moll 20150456, H = 8.5 mm (paratype 6). Etymology: The genus name is derived from the toponymy of the type locality, the Sea of Hoces, named after the Spanish navigator Francisco de Hoces, who in 1526 first navigated these waters (commonly known as the Drake Passage; Lausic, 1993). Remarks: Hocius joani comb. nov. was first ascribed to the genus Newnesia based on morphological similarities with N. antarctica (e. g. trapezoidal cephalic shield, dorsolateral velar lobes, globose shell, rachidian tooth shape) and phylogenetic evidence (Moles et al., 2017 a). However, the broad taxon sampling used in this study together with several morphological synapomorphies recognized in H. joani comb. nov. (e. g. internal shell, three-seriated radula; see ‘ Diagnosis’) warrants in our opinion the designation of a new genus to include this species (see Table 1). MOLECULAR SPECIES DELIMITATION AND PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSES No saturation was found for the first, second and third codon positions of the protein-coding genes COI and H 3. Thus, the combined concatenation included COI (including the third codon position), 16 S with relaxed settings, 28 S with relaxed settings and H 3 (including the third codon position). The four-genes concatenated BI and ML trees were nearly congruent and both recovered the monophyly of Newnesiidae with maximum support (PP = 1; BS = 100), including N. antarctica, N. abyssalis sp. nov. and H. joani comb. nov. (Fig. 4). Intraspecific genetic variability for the COI gene (uncorrected p - distance) ranged between 0 and 0.7 %, whereas interspecific differences for sister species pairs ranged between 11.2 and 11.4 % (N. antarctica / H. joani comb. nov.), 10 and 10.5 % (N. antarctica / N. abyssalis sp. nov.) and 7.6 and 7.8 % (H. joani comb. nov. / N. abyssalis sp. nov.). The recursive ABGD analysis identified three groups given a series of prior values from 0.001 to 0.059 (Supporting Information, Fig. S 9). These groups correspond to morpho-species that also returned maximum or nearly maximum PPs in the BI and bootstrap supports of 96 – 100 % in the ML analysis (Fig. 4). The mean K 80 Kimura intraspecific distance was 0.59 % for N. antarctica, 1 % for N. abyssalis sp. nov. and 0.0 % for H. joani comb. nov. The mean interspecific Kimura distances between N. antarctica and N. abyssalis sp. nov. was 12.1 % and 13.5 % for H. joani comb. nov., while the distance between N. abyssalis sp. nov. and H. joani comb. nov. was 10 %.	en	Moles, Juan, Avila, Conxita, Malaquias, Manuel A. E. (2018): Systematic revision of the Antarctic gastropod family Newnesiidae (Heterobranchia: Cephalaspidea) with the description of a new genus and a new abyssal species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 183: 763-775
