taxonID	type	description	language	source
03F0DD67D309FFB2FCB0061AFB5AF884.taxon	distribution	Distribution and year: Moremi Game Reserve, Okavango Delta 1984 (Appleton & Curtis 2007); Chief’s Island, Okavango Delta 2000 (Appleton et al. 2003). Geographic range: Botswana, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, Madagascar, Rwanda, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D309FFB2FCB0061AFB5AF884.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat: Freshwater.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D309FFB2FCB0061AFB5AF884.taxon	discussion	Notes: The species is endemic to sub-Saharan Africa and more common in the Moremi region of the Okavango Delta (Appleton et al. 2003; Appleton & Curtis 2007).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D309FFB2FCB0061AFB5AF884.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: In Kenya (Kuiper 1956).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D309FFB2FCB0061AFB5AF884.taxon	conservation	Conservation status: Least Concern.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D309FFB2FCB007FAFB05FAC4.taxon	vernacular_names	Common name: Orb mussels	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D309FFB5FCB00459FDBCFCA4.taxon	distribution	Distribution and year: Okavango Delta panhandle at Shakawe [SMWN 76994] 1996 (Appleton & Curtis 2007); Upper panhandle, Okavango Delta 2000 (Appleton et al. 2003). Geographic range: Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, South Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D309FFB5FCB00459FDBCFCA4.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat: Freshwater.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D309FFB5FCB00459FDBCFCA4.taxon	discussion	Notes: The species is widespread across Southern Africa (Appleton & Curtis 2007). Eupera parasitica and E. ferruginea are now considered synonyms (MolluscaBase 2023). Here, all specimen records for E. parasitica are classified as E. ferruginea.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D309FFB5FCB00459FDBCFCA4.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: Knysna River, South Africa (Krauss 1848).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D309FFB5FCB00459FDBCFCA4.taxon	biology_ecology	Conservation status: Least Concern.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D30EFFB5FCB0071AFB5AFA24.taxon	distribution	Distribution and year: Limpopo River, Stevenford Game Reserve 1984 (Appleton & Curtis 2007). Geographic range: Botswana, Eswatini, Malawi, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania, Zimbabwe.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D30EFFB5FCB0071AFB5AFA24.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat: Freshwater.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D30EFFB5FCB0071AFB5AFA24.taxon	discussion	Notes: The species is confined to the lower Zambezi, Limpopo and Incomati River catchments (Appleton & Curtis 2007). The molluscs occur in both large and small flowing waterbodies, and are capable of surviving in semi-arid regions (Van Damme et al. 2018 a).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D30EFFB5FCB0071AFB5AFA24.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: In Mozambique (Martens 1860).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D30EFFB5FCB0071AFB5AFA24.taxon	conservation	Conservation status: Least Concern.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D30EFFB5FCB000FAFA93FBC4.taxon	vernacular_names	Common name: Toothless River mussels	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D30EFFB5FF1700BAFDBCFA84.taxon	distribution	Distribution and year: Moremi Game Reserve, Okavango Delta 2000 (Appleton et al. 2003). Geographic range: Botswana, Madagascar, Malawi, Zimbabwe.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D30EFFB5FF1700BAFDBCFA84.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat: Freshwater.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D30EFFB5FF1700BAFDBCFA84.taxon	discussion	Notes: This is highly likely a variable species (Appleton et al. 2003) found in rivers and lakes (Van Damme 2018 b).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D30EFFB5FF1700BAFDBCFA84.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: Nossi-Bé Island, Madagascar (Kuiper 1966 a).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D30EFFB5FF1700BAFDBCFA84.taxon	conservation	Conservation status: Least Concern.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D30EFFB5FF17065AFB5AFF04.taxon	distribution	Distribution and year: Guma Lagoon, Okavango Delta 2000 (Appleton et al. 2003); Gadikwe Lagoon, Okavango Delta 2000 (Appleton et al. 2003); Boro River [SMWN 77001] 1996 (Appleton & Curtis 2007); Okavango Delta [SMWN 76983] 1996 (Appleton & Curtis 2007). Geographic range: Botswana, Eswatini, Madagascar, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Zambia, Zimbabwe.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D30EFFB5FF17065AFB5AFF04.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat: Freshwater.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D30EFFB5FF17065AFB5AFF04.taxon	discussion	Notes: The molluscs inhabit calm sandy substrates in lakes, rivers and streams (Van Damme et al. 2016). They mostly occur in large densities, usually with the congeneric Sphaerium incomitatum (see Appleton & Curtis 2007).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D30EFFB5FF17065AFB5AFF04.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: In Knysna River, Western Cape Province, South Africa (Krauss 1848).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D30EFFB5FF17065AFB5AFF04.taxon	conservation	Conservation status: Least Concern.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D30EFFB5FCB003DAFB5AFC44.taxon	distribution	Distribution and year: Guma Lagoon, Okavango Delta 2000 (Appleton et al. 2003); Gadikwe Lagoon, Okavango Delta 2000 (Appleton et al. 2003); Boro River, Maun [SMWN 77035] 1996 (Appleton & Curtis 2007). Geographic range: Botswana, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Namibia, South Africa, Zambia, Zimbabwe.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D30EFFB5FCB003DAFB5AFC44.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat: Freshwater.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D30EFFB5FCB003DAFB5AFC44.taxon	discussion	Notes: The species is ubiquitous in Southern Africa (Appleton & Curtis 2007). The molluscs are capable of tolerating oxygen deficient freshwater bodies (Van Damme 2011), and usually occur at high densities with the congeneric Sphaerium capense (see Appleton & Curtis 2007).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D30EFFB5FCB003DAFB5AFC44.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: McIlwaine Lake outside Harare, Zimbabwe (Kuiper 1966 b).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D30EFFB5FCB003DAFB5AFC44.taxon	conservation	Conservation status: Least Concern.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D30EFFB4FCB0053AFDBCFD24.taxon	distribution	Distribution and year: Thamalakane River, Maun [ANSP 185374] N / A (Graf & Cummings 2023); Nata River, between Maitengwe and Nata police station [TMSA 12237] N / A (Appleton 1979; Graf & Cummings 2006); Maitengwe River N / A (Graf & Cummings 2006); Lotsane River, Palapye N / A (Connolly 1939). Geographic range: Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Côte d’Ivoire, Egypt, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, South Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Zambia, Zimbabwe.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D30EFFB4FCB0053AFDBCFD24.taxon	discussion	Notes: This is the largest freshwater bivalve species in Africa, comprising six subspecies (Appleton & Curtis 2007). The molluscs are capable of aestivating for up to two and a half years. Large specimens are used by fishermen as bait (Seddon & Van Damme 2018). There are speculations that this species has never been collected from the Okavango Delta (Appleton & Curtis 2007), but a voucher specimen record from Thamalakane River [ANSP 185374] exists in the Mussel Online Project Database (Graf & Cummings 2023).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D30EFFB4FCB0053AFDBCFD24.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: Affen River, a tributary of the Limpopo River, South Africa (Krauss 1848).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D30EFFB4FCB0053AFDBCFD24.taxon	conservation	Conservation status: Least Concern.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D30FFFB4FF17047AFB5AFCA4.taxon	distribution	Distribution and year: Thamalakane River, Maun [ANSP 185375] 1984 (Graf & Cummings 2023); Boro River, Okavango Delta 1973 (Appleton 1979); Okavango Delta 2019 (GBIF 2023 b); Okavango River, 3 km NW of Shakawe [NCSM 35214] 2005 (GBIF 2023 b); Savuti River in Chobe National Park 1984 (GBIF 2023 b). Geographic range: Angola, Botswana, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Zambia, Zimbabwe.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D30FFFB4FF17047AFB5AFCA4.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat: Freshwater.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D30FFFB4FF17047AFB5AFCA4.taxon	discussion	Notes: The molluscs prefer mud sediments in slow flowing waters in major river systems across Southern Africa (Van Damme 2018 a). It appears that Aspatharia spp. specimens from the Cunene and Okavango regions have inaccurately been identified as Aspatharia pfeifferiana (Graf & Cummings 2006; Van Damme 2018 a). Here, all specimen records for A. pfeifferiana from Botswana have been included under A. subreniformis.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D30FFFB4FF17047AFB5AFCA4.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: Lake Nyassa, East Africa (Sowerby II 1867).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D30FFFB4FF17047AFB5AFCA4.taxon	conservation	Conservation status: Least Concern.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D30FFFB4FF17003AFDBCF8E4.taxon	distribution	Distribution and year: Boteti River, near Maun [FMNH 293190] 1988 (GBIF 2023 b); Thamalakane River at Maun, Okavango Delta [TMSA 1075] 1973 (Appleton 1979); Chief’s Island, Okavango Delta 2000 (Appleton et al. 2003); Nxaraga / Guma Lagoon, Okavango Delta 2000 (Appleton et al. 2003), 2019 (GBIF 2023 b); Gadikwe Lagoon, Okavango Delta 2000 (Appleton et al. 2003); Savuti River, Chobe National Park 1984 (GBIF 2023 b); Savuti Channel, 50 miles N Maun [FSMC 539364] 1984 (GBIF 2023 b); San Ta Wani Camp, Okavango Delta [FSMC 40445] 1983 (Graf & Cummings 2023). Geographic range: Angola, Botswana, Namibia, Zambia, Zimbabwe.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D30FFFB4FF17003AFDBCF8E4.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat: Freshwater.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D30FFFB4FF17003AFDBCF8E4.taxon	discussion	Notes: These molluscs are treated as a food source in Namibia (Kristensen & Stensgaard 2010). It appears that M. zambeziensis specimens were once erroneously identified as M. dubia and M. rostrata (see Appleton 1979; Connolly 1939). For the consistency sake, it is recommended that all Southern African specimens are assigned the name M. zambesiensis (Appleton 2002; Graf, pers. comm. 2023). Here, all Botswana records of M. rostrata and M. dubia are treated under M. zambesiensi s.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D30FFFB4FF17003AFDBCF8E4.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: Zambezi River, between Kariba and Chirundu (Mandahl-Barth 1988).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D30FFFB4FF17003AFDBCF8E4.taxon	conservation	Conservation status: Least Concern.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D30FFFB4FCB000BAFB58FC04.taxon	vernacular_names	Common name: Freshwater mussels	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D30FFFB7FCB000DAFDBCFF24.taxon	distribution	Distribution and year: Thamalakane River, Maun [TMSA 5565] 1930 (Appleton 1979), 1973 (Appleton 1979), 1976 (Mandahl-Barth 1988), [BMSM 44376] 1978 (GBIF 2023 b), 1984 (Appleton & Curtis 2007); Gadikwe Lagoon, Okavango Delta 2000 (Appleton et al. 2003); Moremi Game Reserve, Okavango Delta 2000 (Appleton et al. 2003); Boro River, Okavango Delta [SMWN 77019, SMWN 77027] 1996 (Appleton & Curtis 2007); Nxaraga Lagoon, Chief’s Island, Okavango Delta 1984 (Appleton & Curtis 2007); Okavango and Boteti District, and in the salt pans of the Makgadikgadi brook N / A (Connolly 1912; 1939); Savuti Channel, Okavango Delta [NCSM 28194] 2003 (GBIF 2023 b); Okavango River, approx. 3 km NE of Shakawe [NCSM 35215] 2005 (GBIF 2023 b); Chobe River, a few kilometres upstream of where Chobe River meets the Zambezi 2014 (GBIF 2023 b); Okavango Delta 2018, 2019, 2020 (GBIF 2023 b) Geographic range: Angola, Botswana, Namibia, Zambia.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D30FFFB7FCB000DAFDBCFF24.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat: Freshwater.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D30FFFB7FCB000DAFDBCFF24.taxon	discussion	Notes: This is the commonest mussel species in its native range (Appleton & Curtis 2007), occurring in fine sediments across rivers and lakes (Kristensen et al. 2010 b).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D30FFFB7FCB000DAFDBCFF24.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: In Kunene River, Angola (Mousson 1888).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D30FFFB7FCB000DAFDBCFF24.taxon	conservation	Conservation status: Least Concern.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D30CFFB7FCB0011AFB73FDA4.taxon	vernacular_names	Common name: Tropical / Apple snails	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D30CFFB7FF17023AFDBCFCE4.taxon	distribution	Distribution and year: Stevensford Game Reserve, Limpopo River 1984 (Appleton & Curtis 2007); Savuti Channel, Okavango Delta [NCSM 28929] 2003 (GBIF 2023 b). Geographic range: Botswana, Malawi, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania, Zimbabwe.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D30CFFB7FF17023AFDBCFCE4.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat: Freshwater.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D30CFFB7FF17023AFDBCFCE4.taxon	discussion	Notes: The species is possibly facing threats from human-mediated activities such as pollution and overexploitation, and drought (Van Damme et al. 2018 b). The species has a preference for floodplains in rivers and pools (Van Damme et al. 2018 b).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D30CFFB7FF17023AFDBCFCE4.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: Mozambique (Martens 1860).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D30CFFB7FF17023AFDBCFCE4.taxon	conservation	Conservation status: Least Concern.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D30CFFB7FF17051AFB5AFE64.taxon	distribution	Distribution and year: Thamalakane River, near Maun 1984 (Appleton & Curtis 2007); Upper panhandle, Okavango Delta 2000 (Appleton et al. 2003); Maunachira Channel, Moremi Game Reserve, Okavango Delta 2000 (Appleton et al. 2003); Boteti River N / A (Connolly 1912; 1939); Limpopo River 2021 (GBIF 2023 b). Geographic range: Botswana, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D30CFFB7FF17051AFB5AFE64.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat: Freshwater.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D30CFFB7FF17051AFB5AFE64.taxon	discussion	Notes: Mussels previously referred to as Corbicula africana are now regarded conspecific with C. fluminalis (see Appleton & Miranda 2015). The species is ubiquitous across Southern African river systems (Appleton & Curtis 2007).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D30CFFB7FF17051AFB5AFE64.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: Euphrates River (MÜller 1774).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D30CFFB7FF17051AFB5AFE64.taxon	conservation	Conservation status: Least Concern.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D30CFFB7FF1706FAFDB2F9C4.taxon	vernacular_names	Common name: Porcelain Mussels	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D30CFFB7FCB001BAFB5AF844.taxon	distribution	Distribution and year: Kwando River and flood plain [SMWN 75897, 75928, 76378, 76380, 76390, 76525, 76542, 76565] 1986 (Brown et al. 1992); Chobe River area at Lake Liambezi [SMWN 75902] and Ihaha [SMWN 76348] 1986 (Brown et al. 1992); Boro River channel opposite Nxaraga Lagoon [ETD 4284] 1984 (Brown et al. 1992); Thamalakane River opposite Okavango River Lodge [ETD 4285] 1984 (Brown et al. 1992); Chief’s Island, Okavango Delta 2000 (Jansen van Rensburg 2001; Appleton et al. 2003); Guma Lagoon, Okavango Delta 2000 (Appleton et al. 2003); Mohembo floodplains, Okavango Delta 1999, 2000 (Jansen van Rensburg 2001); Lake Ngami [NHMUK: ecatalogue: 2845503] 1910 (GBIF 2023 b); “ Ngami River ” (Thamalakane River), Maun N / A (Connolly 1912; 1939); Okavango Delta 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021 (GBIF 2023 b); Chobe National Park, 20 km west of Kasane [RMNH. MOL. 104344] 2006 (NBC 2015 f); San Ta Wani Camp, Okavango Delta [FSMC 40447] 1983 (GBIF 2023 b) Geographic range: Angola, Botswana, Burundi, Cameroon, Chad, Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Somalia, South Africa, South Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D30CFFB7FCB001BAFB5AF844.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat: Freshwater.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D30CFFB7FCB001BAFB5AF844.taxon	discussion	Notes: The species is widely distributed across Africa (Brown & Kristensen 1989) and occurs in either flowing or standing waters, in sandy / muddy substrates, and can be used as animal feed (Albrecht et al. 2018 c).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D30CFFB7FCB001BAFB5AF844.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: In Mozambique (Troschel 1845).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D30CFFB7FCB001BAFB5AF844.taxon	conservation	Conservation status: Least Concern.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D30CFFB7FF17007AFDBCFA44.taxon	distribution	Distribution and year: “ Nosob – Hygap watercourse ” (Nossob River), Bokspits N / A (Connolly 1939); Limpopo River at Zanzibar Crossing, Tuli Block 1982 (GBIF 2023 b). Geographic range: Botswana, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, SouthAfrica, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D30CFFB7FF17007AFDBCFA44.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat: Freshwater.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D30CFFB7FF17007AFDBCFA44.taxon	discussion	Notes: The species is endemic to Southern Africa (Brown 1967). Fish species parasitized by larvae of U. caffer are currently facing threats, hence qualifying U. caffer as an indicator of freshwater ecosystem health (Sonamzi et al. 2019).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D30CFFB7FF17007AFDBCFA44.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa (Krauss 1848).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D30CFFB7FF17007AFDBCFA44.taxon	conservation	Conservation status: Least Concern.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D30CFFB6FCB0049AFDBCFAA4.taxon	distribution	Distribution and year: “ Nausche or Nausib ” (Nossob) River, Bokspits N / A (Connolly 1912; 1939); Kwando River, Lizauli [SMWN 75897] 1986 (Brown et al. 1992); western Chobe River at Linyanti channel [SMWN 76304] 1986 (Brown et al. 1992); Boro River channel opposite Nxaraga Lagoon [ETD 4280] 1984 (Brown et al. 1992); Thamalakane River opposite Okavango River Lodge near Maun [ETD 4279] 1984 (Brown et al. 1992); Upper panhandle, Okavango Delta 2000 (Appleton et al. 2003); Guma Lagoon, Okavango Delta 2000 (Appleton et al. 2003); Xugana, Okavango Delta [USNM 755123, 755124] 1975 (GBIF 2023 b); “ Okavango Marshes ” (Okavango Delta) (Connolly 1912; 1939); Okavango Delta 1999 (Jansen van Rensburg 2001), 2018, 2020, 2021, 2022 (GBIF 2023 b); Lake Ngami 1970 (NMSA 2023); Boteti River channel opposite Nxaraga Lagoon; Moremi Game Reserve, approx. 65 km NW of Maun [NHMR 993000187266] 2006 (GBIF 2023 b); Thamalakane River, Maun 1930 (NMSA 2023); Shorobe 1930 (NMSA 2023). Geographic range: Angola, Botswana, Namibia, Zambia.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D30CFFB6FCB0049AFDBCFAA4.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat: Freshwater.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D30CFFB6FCB0049AFDBCFAA4.taxon	discussion	Notes: This Southern African species is more common in the Okavango Delta and East Caprivi (Brown et al. 1992). The snails can aestivate for long periods (Kristensen et al. 2010 a), their colourless egg clusters are laid on top of rocks above the water line (Appleton & Miranda 2015).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D30CFFB6FCB0049AFDBCFAA4.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: Southern edge of the Kunene River, Angola (Mousson 1888).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D30CFFB6FCB0049AFDBCFAA4.taxon	conservation	Conservation status: Least Concern.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D30DFFB6FCB0023AFB5AFAE4.taxon	distribution	Distribution and year: Chobe River, Kasane [SMWN 76342] 1986 (Brown et al. 1992), [LACM 152404] 1997 (GBIF 2023 b), [RMNH. MOL. 104343] 2006 (NBC 2015 a); Kwando River, Balelwa [SMWN 75938] 1986 (Brown et al. 1992); Upper panhandle, Okavango Delta 2000 (Jansen van Rensburg 2001; Appleton et al. 2003); Letter Tree, “ Botletle ” (Boteti) River N / A, and Kabulabula, 8 feet above floodplain of Linyanti River N / A (Connolly 1939); Thamalakane River opposite Okavango River Lodge near Maun 1984 [ETD 4272] (Brown et al. 1992); Guma Lagoon, Okavango Delta 1999 (Jansen van Rensburg 2001); Okavango Delta 2018 (GBIF 2023 b). Geographic range: Botswana, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D30DFFB6FCB0023AFB5AFAE4.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat: Freshwater.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D30DFFB6FCB0023AFB5AFAE4.taxon	discussion	Notes: The species is found in lakes, rivers and streams across a wide range of Southern Africa (Brown 1994), co-existing with the congeneric B. monardi (F. Haas, 1934) at the confluence of Omatako / Okavango River system (Brown et al. 1992).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D30DFFB6FCB0023AFB5AFAE4.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: Lake Malawi, Malawi (Frauenfeld 1865).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D30DFFB6FCB0023AFB5AFAE4.taxon	conservation	Conservation status: Least Concern.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D30DFFB6FCB0065AFAA6FA64.taxon	vernacular_names	Common name: Trumpet freshwater snails	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D30DFFB6FF1706BAFDBCF864.taxon	distribution	Distribution and year: Okavango “ swamps ” (Delta) [RMNH. MOL. 5008820] 1973 (NBC 2015 g; GBIF 2023 b); Thamalakane River, Maun [DMNH 129824] N / A (GBIF 2023 b). Geographic range: Botswana, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Mali, Namibia, Nigeria, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, Togo.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D30DFFB6FF1706BAFDBCF864.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat: Freshwater.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D30DFFB6FF1706BAFDBCF864.taxon	discussion	Notes: The species is common in Central Africa (Koudenoukpo et al. 2020). In Southern Africa, it has only been recorded from north-eastern Namibia (Brown & Kristensen 1989) and Botswana.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D30DFFB6FF1706BAFDBCF864.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: White Nile, Africa (Philippi 1851).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D30DFFB6FF1706BAFDBCF864.taxon	conservation	Conservation status: Least Concern.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D30DFFB6FCB0039AFBFCFF24.taxon	vernacular_names	Common name: River snails	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D30DFFB9FCB006FAFDBCFDC4.taxon	distribution	Distribution and year: Chobe River near Ihaha [SMWN 76352] 1986 (Brown et al. 1992); Okavango River downstream of Drotsky’s Cabin [SMWN 76989, 76993] 1996 (SMWN 2024); Nxamaseri airstrip drift, Okavango [SMWN 76261] 1984 (Brown et al. 1992); Okavango Delta 1999, 2000 (Jansen van Rensburg 2001); Upper panhandle, Okavango Delta 2000 (Jansen van Rensburg 2001; Appleton et al. 2003), 2003 (Dallas & Mosepele 2007), 2018 (GBIF 2023 b). Geographic range: Botswana, Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Namibia, Zambia, Zimbabwe.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D30DFFB9FCB006FAFDBCFDC4.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat: Freshwater.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D30DFFB9FCB006FAFDBCFDC4.taxon	discussion	Notes: This is a common species in the Okavango River system, East Caprivi, Zambezi River system, as well as the Lualaba / Congo river system (Appleton et al. 2010 b). Found in various habitats such as rivers, streams, water channels and lagoons (Appleton et al. 2003).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D30DFFB9FCB006FAFDBCFDC4.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: Lualaba River at Bulongo, Democratic Republic of the Congo (Dautzenberg & Germain 1914).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D30DFFB9FCB006FAFDBCFDC4.taxon	conservation	Conservation status: Least Concern.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D302FFB9FCB000DAFB45FBE4.taxon	vernacular_names	Common name: Ram’s horn snails	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D302FFB9FCB0077AFB5AF8E4.taxon	distribution	Distribution and year: Okavango Delta N / A (Appleton & Miranda 2015); Linyanti River, Kazungula [NHMUK: ecatalogue: 2445293] 1956 (GBIF 2023 b). Geographic range: Botswana, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Liberia, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D302FFB9FCB0077AFB5AF8E4.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat: Freshwater.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D302FFB9FCB0077AFB5AF8E4.taxon	discussion	Notes: This species is widely distributed from Southern to Eastern Africa and occurs mostly in permanent waterbodies such as rivers, streams and dams (Brown 1994); it is capable of aestivating for long periods (Appleton & Miranda 2015). This species is an intermediate host of parasites causing bilharzia in humans (Appleton & Miranda 2015) and schistosomiasis in both domesticated and wild bovines (Brown 1994).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D302FFB9FCB0077AFB5AF8E4.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: “ Port Natal ” (Durban), KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa (Krauss 1848).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D302FFB9FCB0077AFB5AF8E4.taxon	conservation	Conservation status: Least Concern.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D302FFB9FF17011AFDBCFB84.taxon	distribution	Distribution and year: Chobe River, Kazungula N / A (Brown et al. 1992). Geographic range: Angola, Botswana, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Namibia, South Africa, Zambia, Zimbabwe.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D302FFB9FF17011AFDBCFB84.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat: Freshwater.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D302FFB9FF17011AFDBCFB84.taxon	discussion	Notes: The species occurs in lakes and rivers across Southern Africa (Appleton et al. 2010 a).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D302FFB9FF17011AFDBCFB84.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: “ Nyangwe, Nsendwe, Lokandu ”, Democratic Republic of the Congo (Dupuis & Putzeys 1901).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D302FFB9FF17011AFDBCFB84.taxon	conservation	Conservation status: Least Concern.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D302FFB9FF17075AFB5AFEA4.taxon	distribution	Distribution and year: Lake Ngami [SAMC 2617, SAMC 1617] 1880 (Connolly 1912; 1939; GBIF 2023 b); “ Botletle ” (Boteti) River N / A (Connolly 1912; 1939); “ Makarrikarri ” (Makgadikgadi) Pan N / A (Connolly 1912; 1939), 2016, 2017, 2019 (GBIF 2023 b). Geographic range: Algeria, Botswana, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Chad, Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, South Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D302FFB9FF17075AFB5AFEA4.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat: Freshwater.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D302FFB9FF17075AFB5AFEA4.taxon	discussion	Notes: The native range of this species is speculated to be subtropical and tropical Africa (excluding West Africa), Indo-Pacific region, south Asia as well as the Arabic region (Brown 1994). The species has a global distribution due to introductions into various parts of the world (Albrecht et al. 2018 f). Common in waterbodies such as rivers, lakes and dams, and capable of surviving higher salinity levels (Appleton & Miranda 2015).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D302FFB9FF17075AFB5AFEA4.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: Coromandel Coast, south-eastern India (MÜller 1774).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D302FFB9FF17075AFB5AFEA4.taxon	conservation	Conservation status: Least Concern.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D302FFB9FCB002BAFB5AFC64.taxon	distribution	Distribution and year: Xakanaxa (Moremi), Okavango Delta 2000 (Appleton et al. 2003), 2003 (Dallas & Mosepele 2007); Kwando River, pools near Sitwa [SMWN 75934] 1986 (Brown et al. 1992). Geographic range: Angola, Botswana, Namibia, South Africa, Zambia, Zimbabwe.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D302FFB9FCB002BAFB5AFC64.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat: Freshwater.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D302FFB9FCB002BAFB5AFC64.taxon	discussion	Notes: The species is endemic to Southern Africa and occurs in sandy or muddy substrates of rivers and floodplains (Brown 1994).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D302FFB9FCB002BAFB5AFC64.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: Rapids above the Victoria Falls of the Zambezi River (Dohrn 1865).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D302FFB9FCB002BAFB5AFC64.taxon	conservation	Conservation status: Least Concern.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D302FFB8FCB0047AFDBCFD04.taxon	distribution	Distribution and year: Chobe River at Ngoma [SMWN 76313] 1986 (Brown et al. 1992); Okavango Delta, Nxamaseri airstrip drift [SMWN 76263] 1984 (Brown et al. 1992); Thamalakane River at bridge [ETD 4300] 1984 (Brown et al. 1992); Boro River, Nxaraga Lagoon, Chief’s Island [ETD 4299] 1984; Okavango Delta 2000 (Appleton et al. 2003), [SMWN 77015, SMWN 77028] 1996 (SMWN 2024). Geographic range: Botswana, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Namibia, South Africa, Zambia, Zimbabwe.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D302FFB8FCB0047AFDBCFD04.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat: Freshwater.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D302FFB8FCB0047AFDBCFD04.taxon	discussion	Notes: The species is common in Southern Africa (Appleton et al. 2003), occurring in rivers, pools, lakes and dams (Brown 1994). The mollusc is abundant in the Okavango Delta (Appleton et al. 2003).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D302FFB8FCB0047AFDBCFD04.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: Lake Bangweulu, Zambia (Haas 1936).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D302FFB8FCB0047AFDBCFD04.taxon	conservation	Conservation status: Least Concern.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D303FFB8FF1701DAFDBCF8A4.taxon	distribution	Distribution and year: Kwando River [SMWN 76388] 1986 (Brown et al. 1992); Chobe River at Ngoma [SMWN 76312] 1986 (Brown et al. 1992); Chobe River near Ihaha [SMWN 76350] 1986 (Brown et al. 1992); Mochudi N / A (Brown 1994); Okavango Delta, Nxamaseri [SMWN 76263] 1984 (Brown et al. 1992); Boro channel opposite Nxaraga Lagoon [ETD 4301] 1984 (Brown et al. 1992); Upper panhandle, Okavango Delta 2000 (Appleton et al. 2003); Guma Lagoon, Okavango Delta 1999, 2000 (Jansen van Rensburg 2001; Appleton et al. 2003); Moremi Game Reserve, Okavango Delta 1999, 2000 (Jansen van Rensburg 2001; Appleton et al. 2003). Geographic range: Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Namibia, Senegal, South Africa, South Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D303FFB8FF1701DAFDBCF8A4.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat: Freshwater.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D303FFB8FF1701DAFDBCF8A4.taxon	discussion	Notes: The species is distributed mainly in sub-Saharan Africa, occurring in freshwater systems such as rivers, lakes, earth dams, seasonal pools and irrigation systems (Brown 1994). The mollusc is an intermediate host for Schistosoma species causing human and cattle schistosomiasis (Appleton et al. 2003).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D303FFB8FF1701DAFDBCF8A4.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: Dande, Angola (Morelet 1866).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D303FFB8FF1701DAFDBCF8A4.taxon	conservation	Conservation status: Least Concern.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D303FFB8FF1704BAFB5AFD04.taxon	distribution	Distribution and year: pools near Linyanti village in Linyanti Channel (near Chobe River) [SMWN 76302, 76308, 76326] 1986 (Brown et al. 1992); between Maun and Nxaraga Lagoon, pool beside road [ETD 4302] 1984 (Brown et al. 1992); Okavango Delta 2000 (Appleton et al. 2003). Geographic range: Angola, Botswana, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, Namibia, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D303FFB8FF1704BAFB5AFD04.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat: Freshwater.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D303FFB8FF1704BAFB5AFD04.taxon	discussion	Notes: The native range of this species covers Eastern, Southern and Central Africa. The molluscs inhabit seasonal rain pools and irrigation channels (Brown 1994).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D303FFB8FF1704BAFB5AFD04.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: Lake and swamps in the vicinity of Benguela, Angola (Dunker 1845).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D303FFB8FF1704BAFB5AFD04.taxon	conservation	Conservation status: Least Concern.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D303FFB8FCB001DAFB5AF844.taxon	distribution	Distribution and year: remnant pools in flood-plain of Kwando River near Kongolo Bridge [SMWN 76377] 1986 (Brown et al. 1992); “ Gabarones ” (Gaborone) (Brown 1994); Dobe 1965 (van Bruggen 1966 a); Lake Ngami N / A (Connolly 1912; 1939); south of Hardekol Drift, “ Botletle ” (Boteti) River (Connolly 1912; 1939); Okavango Delta [SMWN 77018] 1996 (SMWN 2024); 2000 (Jansen van Rensburg 2001). Geographic range: Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, South Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D303FFB8FCB001DAFB5AF844.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat: Freshwater.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D303FFB8FCB001DAFB5AF844.taxon	discussion	Notes: B. tropicus belongs to the tropicus / truncatus species complex (Brown et al. 1991). The species distribution ranges from Eastern Africa southwards (Brown et al. 1992). It occurs in small earth dams, residual pools and lakes, surviving both extreme hot and cold conditions (Brown 1994). The mollusc is an intermediate host for Schistosoma haematobium (Bilharz, 1852), which causes human urinary schistosomiasis (Albrecht et al. 2018 d).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D303FFB8FCB001DAFB5AF844.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: “ Lepenula ” (Olifants) River, “ Transvaal ” (Mpumalanga Province), South Africa (Krauss 1848).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D303FFB8FCB001DAFB5AF844.taxon	conservation	Conservation status: Least Concern.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D303FFB8FCB0049AFBF8F824.taxon	vernacular_names	Common name: Pond snails	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D300FFBBFF17039AFDD2FC84.taxon	distribution	Distribution and year: Matopa Pan, Ngamiland N / A (Connolly 1939). Geographic range: Botswana, Namibia, South Africa.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D300FFBBFF17039AFDD2FC84.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat: Freshwater.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D300FFBBFF17039AFDD2FC84.taxon	discussion	Notes: The species occurs in sufficiently oxygenated waterbodies (Kristensen & Appleton 2010). De Kock and Wolmarans (2017) further mention the potential of the molluscs as an indicator of the freshwater ecosystem health.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D300FFBBFF17039AFDD2FC84.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: “ Witkop in British Bechuanaland near the German border ”, Limpopo Province, South Africa (Boettger 1910). The type locality of this species seems erroneously attributed to Botswana (see Discussion for suggested correction).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D300FFBBFF17039AFDD2FC84.taxon	conservation	Conservation status: Data Deficient. The species is possibly facing threat due to habitat loss and degradation (de Kock & Wolmarans 2017).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D300FFBBFCB1017AFA93FA65.taxon	distribution	Distribution and year: Kwando River, pool near Kongola Bridge [SMWN 76374] 1986 (Brown et al. 1992); pool near Linyanti Channel [SMWN 76309] 1986 (Brown et al. 1992); Thamalakane River, Okavango Delta [ETD 4294] 1984 (Brown et al. 1992); Okavango Delta 2000 (Appleton et al. 2003). Geographic range: Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Libya, Malawi, Mauritania, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D300FFBBFCB1017AFA93FA65.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat: Freshwater.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D300FFBBFCB1017AFA93FA65.taxon	discussion	Notes: The species inhabits rivers, springs and lakes across Africa (Albrecht et al. 2018 b), including the tropical regions (Brown 2001).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D300FFBBFCB1017AFA93FA65.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: Podor, Senegal (Blainville 1826).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D300FFBBFCB1017AFA93FA65.taxon	conservation	Conservation status: Least Concern. Possibly under threat due to habitat degradation resulting from clearing of vegetation (Albrecht et al. 2018 b).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D300FFBBFCB102DAFB44FDE4.taxon	vernacular_names	Common name: Ram’s horn snails	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D300FFBBFF1700FAFB59FE04.taxon	distribution	Distribution and year: Chobe River at Ngoma [SMWN 76314] and Ihaha [SMWN 76351] 1986 (Brown et al. 1992); Thamalakane River near Maun [ETD 4293] 1984 (Brown et al. 1992); Lake Ngami N / A (Connolly 1912; 1939); Boro River and Channel, and Nxaraga Lagoon, Chief’s Island, Okavango Delta [ETD 4293] 1984 (Brown et al. 1992), 2000 (Appleton et al. 2003); Guma Lagoon, Okavango Delta 2000 (Appleton et al. 2003); Upper panhandle, Okavango Delta 2000 (Jansen van Rensburg 2001; Appleton et al. 2003); Okavango Delta 1983, 2000, 2018, 2019 (GBIF 2023 b); Limpopo River N / A (Appleton & Miranda 2015; Albrecht et al. 2018 e). Geographic range: Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Djibouti, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, South Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D300FFBBFF1700FAFB59FE04.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat: Freshwater.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D300FFBBFF1700FAFB59FE04.taxon	discussion	Notes: Radix natalensis is a highly variable species across its wide range in Africa, suspected to contain cryptic species (Kristensen et al. 2009). The species is abundant in the Okavango River and East Caprivi (Brown et al. 1992). The mollusc is the main intermediate host of the liver flukes Fasciola gigantica Cobbold, 1855 and Fasciola hepatica (Linnaeus, 1758) in Africa (Appleton et al. 2003).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D300FFBBFF1700FAFB59FE04.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa (Krauss 1848).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D300FFBBFF1700FAFB59FE04.taxon	conservation	Conservation status: Least Concern.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D300FFBAFCB106FAFDBCFE84.taxon	distribution	Distribution and year: Okwa River, Ghanzi District N / A (Connolly 1939); Okavango Delta 2000 (Appleton et al. 2003). Geographic range: Botswana, Burundi, Chad, Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D300FFBAFCB106FAFDBCFE84.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat: Freshwater.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D300FFBAFCB106FAFDBCFE84.taxon	discussion	Notes: The species is distributed across the southern and eastern parts of sub-Saharan Africa (Appleton 2002) and occurs in both permanent and ephemeral water bodies, usually in high densities (Brown 2001).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D300FFBAFCB106FAFDBCFE84.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: Umgeni Valley, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa (Krauss 1848).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D300FFBAFCB106FAFDBCFE84.taxon	conservation	Conservation status: Least Concern.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D301FFBAFF17025AFDBCF904.taxon	distribution	Distribution and year: Kwando River between Lianzulu and Chobe River [SMWN 76089, 76366, 76372, 76376, 76382, 76391, 76528, 76538, 76562] 1986 (Brown et al. 1992); Chobe River, Linyanti Channel [SMWN 76306] 1986 (Brown et al. 1992); Chobe River at Ngoma [SMWN 76315] and Ihaha [SMWN 76353] 1986 (Brown et al. 1992); Boro River near Maun and Nxaraga Lagoon, Chief’s Island [ETD 4296] 1984 (Brown et al. 1992); Thamalakane River opposite Okavango River Lodge [ETD 4297] 1984 (Brown et al. 1992); “ Botletle ” (Boteti) River at Chanoga [ETD 4297] 1984 (Brown et al. 1992); Okavango Delta 1999, 2000 (Jansen van Rensburg 2001; Appleton et al. 2003), 2003 (Dallas & Mosepele 2007). Geographic range: Algeria, Angola, Botswana, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Eritrea, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Libya, Mali, Mauritania, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, South Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D301FFBAFF17025AFDBCF904.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat: Freshwater.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D301FFBAFF17025AFDBCF904.taxon	discussion	Notes: The species is ubiquitous across Africa, including the tropical regions (Brown 1994). This is the commonest snail in the Okavango Delta (Brown et al. 1992; Appleton et al. 2003). The species seems to be tolerant to anthropogenic activities such as pollution and habitat disturbance (Brown 1994), but is not acclimatized to extremely hot or extremely cold conditions and does not favour sheltered habitats (Brown 1994). The mollusc is an intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni Sambon, 1907, the parasite causing human schistosomiasis (Appleton et al. 2003).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D301FFBAFF17025AFDBCF904.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: Umgeni Valley, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa (Krauss 1848).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D301FFBAFF17025AFDBCF904.taxon	conservation	Conservation status: Least Concern.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D301FFBAFF1705DAFB5AFE64.taxon	distribution	Distribution and year: Lake Ngami N / A (Connolly 1912; 1939). Geographic range: Angola, Botswana, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Namibia, South Africa.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D301FFBAFF1705DAFB5AFE64.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat: Freshwater.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D301FFBAFF1705DAFB5AFE64.taxon	discussion	Notes: The species is an intermediate host of parasites Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma edwardiense Thurston, 1964, notorious for causing schistosomiasis (Brown 1994).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D301FFBAFF1705DAFB5AFE64.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: In a stream connected to Dungo salt pans near Cuije River, Angola (Morelet 1866).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D301FFBAFF1705DAFB5AFE64.taxon	conservation	Conservation status: Data Deficient.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D301FFBAFCB002FAFB5AFB04.taxon	distribution	Distribution and year: Boro River, Nxaraga Lagoon, Chief’s Island Maun [ETD 4294] 1984 (Brown et al. 1992); Okavango Delta, Maun N / A (Brown & Van Eeden 1969). Geographic range: Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Libya, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, South Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D301FFBAFCB002FAFB5AFB04.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat: Freshwater.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D301FFBAFCB002FAFB5AFB04.taxon	discussion	Notes: The species is ubiquitous across Africa, including the tropical regions (Albrecht et al. 2018 a). The molluscs dwell on vegetation and stones in rivers, lakes and dams (Brown 1994).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D301FFBAFCB002FAFB5AFB04.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: Umgeni Valley, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa (Krauss 1848).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D301FFBAFCB002FAFB5AFB04.taxon	conservation	Conservation status: Least Concern.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D301FFBAFCB007DAFB5AF924.taxon	distribution	Distribution and year: Okavango Delta 2000 (Appleton et al. 2003). Geographic range: Botswana, Namibia, Zimbabwe.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D301FFBAFCB007DAFB5AF924.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat: Freshwater.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D301FFBAFCB007DAFB5AF924.taxon	discussion	Notes: The molluscs are common in a variety of waterbodies such as rivers, streams and lakes (Kristensen et al. 2010 a). In the Okavango Delta, the species was collected underneath leaves in deeper parts of the lagoon (Appleton et al. 2003).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D301FFBAFCB007DAFB5AF924.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: Victoria Falls, Zambezi River, Zambia (Walker 1912).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D301FFBAFCB007DAFB5AF924.taxon	conservation	Conservation status: Data Deficient.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D301FFBDFCB0043AFDBCFD44.taxon	distribution	Distribution and year: Pools in Kwando flood plain near Sitwa [SWMN 76522] 1986 (Brown et al. 1992); “ Botletle ” (Boteti) River at “ Chinoko ” (Chanoga) [ETD 4295] 1984 (Brown et al. 1992); Boro River, Nxaraga Lagoon, Chief’s Island [ETD 4295] 1984 (Brown et al. 1992); Okavango Delta 2000 (Appleton et al. 2003). Geographic range: Algeria, Angola, Botswana, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, South Africa, South Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D301FFBDFCB0043AFDBCFD44.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat: Freshwater.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D301FFBDFCB0043AFDBCFD44.taxon	discussion	Notes: This species is widespread, mainly in permanent waterbodies, across Africa (Brown 1994).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D301FFBDFCB0043AFDBCFD44.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: “ Mekerka [Mek’erka] in Toquor, Hamaszen province ”, Eritrea, “ White Nile ”, South Sudan, “ and the Gazelle River ”, Kenia (Jickeli 1874).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D301FFBDFCB0043AFDBCFD44.taxon	conservation	Conservation status: Least Concern.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D306FFBDFCB0011AFB54FBE4.taxon	distribution	Distribution and year: Dobe, near Aha hills 1965 (van Bruggen 1966 a); banks of Epukiro-Omuramba, approx. 22 ° S, 15 km from Komeduve, south of Lake Ngami 1965 (Connolly 1939; NMSA 2023). Geographic range: Botswana, Namibia.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D306FFBDFCB0011AFB54FBE4.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat: Terrestrial.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D306FFBDFCB0011AFB54FBE4.taxon	discussion	Notes: The species is possibly better acclimatized to the semi-arid regions of south-western Africa (van Bruggen 1969).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D306FFBDFCB0011AFB54FBE4.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: The edge of the Epukiro-Omuramba, 15 km from Komeduve in the southern part of Lake Ngami in the Kalahari, Namibia (Boettger 1910).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D306FFBDFCB0011AFB54FBE4.taxon	conservation	Conservation status: Not Evaluated.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D306FFBDFCB0077AFB54F8E4.taxon	distribution	Distribution and year: Dekar, 30 miles north-west of Ghanzi 1961 (van Bruggen 1963; NMSA 2023); Tshane Pan 1961 (van Bruggen 1963); Tuwhe Pan, 80 miles west of Tshane Pan 1961 (van Bruggen 1963); Koanaka Hills 1965 (van Bruggen 1966 a); Aha Hills 1965 (van Bruggen 1966 a); Tsodilo Hills 1965 (van Bruggen 1966 a); Nyatsane Pan, halfway between Molepolole and Tshane Pan 1965 (van Bruggen 1966 a); banks of Epukiro-Omuramba, approx. 20 ° S, 10 km east of Komeduve, south of Lake Ngami N / A (Connolly 1912; 1939); Ngamiland, 30 miles west of Lake Ngami [ANSP 166778] N / A (GBIF 2023 b) Geographic range: Botswana, Namibia.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D306FFBDFCB0077AFB54F8E4.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat: Terrestrial.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D306FFBDFCB0077AFB54F8E4.taxon	discussion	Notes: The species is endemic to Southern Africa, with its range restricted to the south and south-western semi-arid regions (Fontanilla 2010).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D306FFBDFCB0077AFB54F8E4.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: “ Dammara province, West Africa ”, former Damaraland, Namibia (Pfeiffer 1870).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D306FFBDFCB0077AFB54F8E4.taxon	conservation	Conservation status: Not Evaluated.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D306FFBDFCB0029AFB95FDC4.taxon	vernacular_names	Common name: Tropical land snails, including Giant African land snails.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D306FFBDFF1701FAFDE3FCC4.taxon	vernacular_names	Common name: Mud freshwater snails	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D306FFBDFF1706DAFDEEF9E4.taxon	vernacular_names	Common name: Small freshwater snails	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D306FFBDFF17001AFDBCFA04.taxon	distribution	Distribution and year: Linyanti Channel [SMWN 76303] 1986 (Brown et al. 1992); floodplain of Kwando River at Sitwa [SMWN 76526] 1986 (Brown et al. 1992); Okavango Delta 2000 (Appleton et al. 2003). Geographic range: Angola, Botswana, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gabon, Mozambique, Namibia, Zambia.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D306FFBDFF17001AFDBCFA04.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat: Freshwater.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D306FFBDFF17001AFDBCFA04.taxon	discussion	Notes: The species occurs in rivers, lakes and pools (Appleton et al. 2010 c) across Southern and Central Africa, and is abundant in the Okavango River and East Caprivi (Brown et al. 1992).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D306FFBDFF17001AFDBCFA04.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: Lake Kisale, near the source of Kimilolo River, Democratic Republic of the Congo (Pilsbry & Bequaert 1927).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D306FFBDFF17001AFDBCFA04.taxon	conservation	Conservation status: Least Concern.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D306FFBDFF17057AFB8CFEA5.taxon	distribution	Distribution and year: Kwando River floodplain at Singalamwe [ETD 4350] 1986 (Brown et al. 1992); Okavango Delta 2000 (Jansen van Rensburg 2001). Geographic range: Botswana, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Namibia, Zambia.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D306FFBDFF17057AFB8CFEA5.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat: Freshwater.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D306FFBDFF17057AFB8CFEA5.taxon	discussion	Notes: The species has a limited and patchy distribution in Southern Africa, and is facing threats due to unsustainable water extraction from the Kafue River, Zambia (Kristensen et al. 2009).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D306FFBDFF17057AFB8CFEA5.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: At the source of Kimililo River near Élisabethville (Lubumbashi), Democratic Republic of the Congo (Pilsbry & Bequaert 1927).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D306FFBDFF17057AFB8CFEA5.taxon	conservation	Conservation status: Varies from IUCN Near Threatened (JØrgensen 2010) to regionally endangered (Kristensen et al. 2009). More data are needed for its proper assessment.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D306FFBCFCB0047AFDBEFEE4.taxon	distribution	Distribution and year: “ Kwebe ” (Kgwebe) Hills 1965 (van Bruggen 1966 a). Geographic range: Botswana, Namibia.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D306FFBCFCB0047AFDBEFEE4.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat: Terrestrial.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D306FFBCFCB0047AFDBEFEE4.taxon	discussion	Notes: Endemic to Southern Africa.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D306FFBCFCB0047AFDBEFEE4.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: “ At Sodanna ” (in present-day Kavango East Region), Namibia (Martens 1900).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D306FFBCFCB0047AFDBEFEE4.taxon	conservation	Conservation status: Not Evaluated.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D307FFBCFF17027AFDBEFBC4.taxon	distribution	Distribution and year: Paradise Pan, between Nata and Maun 1963 (NMSA 2023); Gweta 2019, 2020 (GBIF 2023 b); “ Kakir ” (Khakhea) N / A (Connolly 1912); Gumare, 25 miles South of Sepopa 1965 (van Bruggen 1966 b); Mesilume Pan, 133 km from Tshane Pan, Ghanzi District N / A (NMSA 2023); Maun, Ngamiland [NHMUK: ecatalogue: 2671805] 1931 (Connolly 1939; GBIF 2023 b); 50 miles SW by W of Victoria Falls, on border of Kalahari, (Kazungula), Bechuanaland (Botswana) [MCZ: Mala: 166258] N / A (Harvard University M. & Morris 2024 a). Geographic range: Angola, Botswana, Namibia.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D307FFBCFF17027AFDBEFBC4.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat: Terrestrial.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D307FFBCFF17027AFDBEFBC4.taxon	discussion	Notes: The species’ distribution range is restricted to Southern Africa (van Bruggen 1980).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D307FFBCFF17027AFDBEFBC4.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: “ Ondonga, in the country Ovamba ”, Namibia (Mousson 1888).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D307FFBCFF17027AFDBEFBC4.taxon	conservation	Conservation status: Not Evaluated.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D307FFBCFF17071AFDBEFA44.taxon	distribution	Distribution and year: Sepopa, on Okavango River, Ngamiland 1965 (van Bruggen 1966 a). Geographic range: Botswana, Namibia, South Africa.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D307FFBCFF17071AFDBEFA44.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat: Terrestrial.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D307FFBCFF17071AFDBEFA44.taxon	discussion	Notes: This medium-sized species is endemic to Southern Africa (van Bruggen 1966 a).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D307FFBCFF17071AFDBEFA44.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: Lydenburg, Mpumalanga, South Africa (Craven 1881).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D307FFBCFF17071AFDBEFA44.taxon	conservation	Conservation status: Not Evaluated.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D307FFBCFF17069AFDBEF844.taxon	distribution	Distribution and year: Tshesebe, near Francistown N / A (Govender 2007; NMSA 2023). Geographic range: Botswana, Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, South Africa, South Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D307FFBCFF17069AFDBEF844.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat: Terrestrial.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D307FFBCFF17069AFDBEF844.taxon	discussion	Notes: This is one of the largest land snail species with a ubiquitous distribution across tropical Africa (Tothill 1948).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D307FFBCFF17069AFDBEF844.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: At the sources of the White Nile (probably South Sudan) (Pfeiffer 1861).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D307FFBCFF17069AFDBEF844.taxon	conservation	Conservation status: Not Evaluated.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D307FFBCFF17049AFB54FC04.taxon	distribution	Distribution and year: Mosu 1975 (NMSA 2023); Francistown 1915 (van Bruggen 1966 a), 2018, 2019, 2020 (GBIF 2023 b); Gaborone 2021 (GBIF 2023 b); Serowe 2021 (GBIF 2023 b); east side of Makgadikgadi Salt Pan [MCZ: Mala: 184606] 1854 (Harvard University M. & Morris 2024 b); Mmopane 2013 (GBIF 2023 b); farm ‘ Gesond’, Tuli Block, at confluence of “ Macloutsi ” (Motloutse) and Limpopo rivers 1964 (van Bruggen 1966 a); Maun 2022 (GBIF 2023 b) Geographic range: Botswana, Eswatini, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D307FFBCFF17049AFB54FC04.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat: Terrestrial.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D307FFBCFF17049AFB54FC04.taxon	discussion	Notes: The species thrives in the Southern African savannas (Fontanilla 2010) and occurs in leaf debris in dune forests, thickets, woodlands and also in novel habitats such as urban gardens (Herbert & Kilburn 2004). Lissachatina immaculata has spread and become invasive in other parts of the world, where it acts as an intermediate host for Angiostrongylus cantonensis (Chen, 1935), a nematode causing meningitis in humans (Wang et al. 2023).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D307FFBCFF17049AFB54FC04.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: Maputo, Mozambique (van Bruggen 1966 b).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D307FFBCFF17049AFB54FC04.taxon	conservation	Conservation status: Not Evaluated.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D307FFBCFCB000DAFB54FAA4.taxon	distribution	Distribution and year: Aha Hills 1961 (van Bruggen 1963), 1965 (van Bruggen 1966 a). Geographic range: Botswana, Namibia, South Africa.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D307FFBCFCB000DAFB54FAA4.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat: Terrestrial.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D307FFBCFCB000DAFB54FAA4.taxon	discussion	Notes: The species is quite common around hills and mountainous ranges (van Bruggen 1970).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D307FFBCFCB000DAFB54FAA4.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: “ 140 km inland from Swakopmund ”, Namibia (Boettger 1910).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D307FFBCFCB000DAFB54FAA4.taxon	conservation	Conservation status: Not Evaluated.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D307FFBCFCB006BAFB54F844.taxon	distribution	Distribution and year: Francistown 1937 (Connolly 1939; GBIF 2023 b). Geographic range: Botswana, Malawi, Mozambique, South Africa, Zimbabwe.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D307FFBCFCB006BAFB54F844.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat: Terrestrial.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D307FFBCFCB006BAFB54F844.taxon	discussion	Notes: The species is widely distributed across its native range in Southern Africa and mainly prefers habitats that are sheltered, such as under rocks and logs (van Bruggen 1966 b).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D307FFBCFCB006BAFB54F844.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: “ on the mountain of Mohapaani by the river Limpopo ”, Witfonteinrand, near Thabazimbi, Limpopo Province, South Africa (Krauss 1848).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D307FFBCFCB006BAFB54F844.taxon	conservation	Conservation status: Not Evaluated.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D307FFBFFCB0049AFDBDFE64.taxon	distribution	Distribution and year: Aha Hills 1961 (van Bruggen 1963), 1965 (van Bruggen 1966 a). Geographic range: Botswana, Namibia, South Africa.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D307FFBFFCB0049AFDBDFE64.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat: Terrestrial.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D307FFBFFCB0049AFDBDFE64.taxon	discussion	Notes: The species is endemic to the arid regions of Southern Africa (van Bruggen 1964).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D307FFBFFCB0049AFDBDFE64.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: “ in Ku-Ganab, south-east of Ondonga ”, Namibia (Mousson 1888).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D307FFBFFCB0049AFDBDFE64.taxon	conservation	Conservation status: Not Evaluated.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D304FFBFFCB002BAFB54FBC4.taxon	distribution	Distribution and year: Gokwe River 1869 (BÖttger 1870). Geographic range: Botswana, Kenya, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D304FFBFFCB002BAFB54FBC4.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat: Terrestrial.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D304FFBFFCB002BAFB54FBC4.taxon	discussion	Notes: The species is ubiquitous in Southern Africa, especially in semi-arid regions (van Bruggen & Appleton 1977) and common in various habitats such as forests, bush thickets and coastal woodland (Herbert & Kilburn 2004).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D304FFBFFCB002BAFB54FBC4.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: Gokwe River (22 ° S 28 ° E, tributary of Motloutse River), Botswana (BÖttger 1870).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D304FFBFFCB002BAFB54FBC4.taxon	conservation	Conservation status: Not Evaluated.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D304FFBFFCB0021AFACBFEA4.taxon	vernacular_names	Common name: Blind awl snails or pin snails	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D304FFBFFCB007BAFB54F8C4.taxon	distribution	Distribution and year: Koanaka Hills 1965 (van Bruggen 1966 a); Aha Hills 1965 (van Bruggen 1966 a); Tsodilo Hills, along Rhino trail, Ngamiland 2006 (NBC 2015 c); Savuti Safari Lodge, 150 km SW of Kasane, Chobe National Park [RMNH. MOL. 104345] 2006 (NBC 2015 b). Geographic range: Botswana, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D304FFBFFCB007BAFB54F8C4.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat: Terrestrial.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D304FFBFFCB007BAFB54F8C4.taxon	discussion	Notes: The species is broadly distributed across Southern Africa, inhabiting the arid dunes, forests and savanna woodlands (Herbert & Kilburn 2004). The molluscs mostly occur in plant debris under twigs and leaves (van Bruggen & Appleton 1977).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D304FFBFFCB007BAFB54F8C4.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: “ Damara ”, Namibia (Ancey 1888).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D304FFBFFCB007BAFB54F8C4.taxon	conservation	Conservation status: Not Evaluated.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D304FFBFFCB0071AFB4EFBA4.taxon	vernacular_names	Common name: Minute land snails	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D304FFBFFF1702FAFDBDFBA4.taxon	distribution	Distribution and year: Kalahari N / A (Connolly 1912); Dekar, Ghanzi 1961 (van Bruggen 1963); Tshane Pan 1961 (van Bruggen 1963). Geographic range: Botswana, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D304FFBFFF1702FAFDBDFBA4.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat: Terrestrial.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D304FFBFFF1702FAFDBDFBA4.taxon	discussion	Notes: The molluscs tend to be variable in terms of their size and proportions; the shell length increases while the shell width decreases along the southnorth gradient (van Bruggen 1966 b). The species is endemic to Southern Africa, occurring in drier arid regions west of the Limpopo River, and also in the tropical regions east of the Limpopo River (van Bruggen 1966 b).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D304FFBFFF1702FAFDBDFBA4.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: near “ Lattakoo ” (Dithakong), east of Kuruman, Northern Cape, South Africa (Gray 1834).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D304FFBFFF1702FAFDBDFBA4.taxon	conservation	Conservation status: Not Evaluated.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D304FFBFFF1707BAFDBDF984.taxon	distribution	Distribution and year: Dobe 1965 (van Bruggen 1966 a); Meno-a-kwena (about 24 ° E and 20 ° S), Ngamiland N / A (Connolly 1912); Boritse – Tsetseng 1963 (NMSA 2023). Geographic range: Botswana; Namibia; South Africa.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D304FFBFFF1707BAFDBDF984.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat: Terrestrial.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D304FFBFFF1707BAFDBDF984.taxon	discussion	Notes: The species’ range is restricted to drier regions of Southern Africa (van Bruggen 1966 a).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D304FFBFFF1707BAFDBDF984.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: “ Damara Land ”, Namibia (Adams 1870).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D304FFBFFF1707BAFDBDF984.taxon	conservation	Conservation status: Not Evaluated.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D304FFBFFF17055AFB54FEC4.taxon	distribution	Distribution and year: “ Sekuma ” (Sekoma) 1904 (Boettger 1910); Kang 1904 (Boettger 1910); Kang- Kakir 1904 (Boettger 1910); “ Kakir – Lekututu ” (Khakhea – Lehututu) 1904 to 1905 (Boettger 1910). Geographic range: Botswana, Namibia, South Africa.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D304FFBFFF17055AFB54FEC4.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat: Terrestrial.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D304FFBFFF17055AFB54FEC4.taxon	discussion	Notes: The species is endemic to the semi-desert regions of Southern Africa. Fossilised shells were mostly found in pans of the Kalahari Desert (Lancaster 1974).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D304FFBFFF17055AFB54FEC4.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: “ in the British region of the Kalahari ”, Botswana (Boettger 1910).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D304FFBFFF17055AFB54FEC4.taxon	conservation	Conservation status: Not Evaluated.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D304FFBEFCB0041AFDBDFE64.taxon	distribution	Distribution and year: Savuti Safari Lodge, 150 km SW of Kasane, Chobe District [RMNH. MOL. 104346] 2006 (NBC 2015 d). Geographic range: Botswana, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Mozambique, Senegal, Tanzania.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D304FFBEFCB0041AFDBDFE64.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat: Terrestrial.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D304FFBEFCB0041AFDBDFE64.taxon	discussion	Notes: The species range extends from Eritrea southwards to Southern Africa (Muratov 2010; Gittenberger & van Bruggen 2013).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D304FFBEFCB0041AFDBDFE64.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: “ province of Hamaszen ”, Eritrea, Ethiopia (Jickeli 1873). Source: GBIF (2023 b).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D304FFBEFCB0041AFDBDFE64.taxon	conservation	Conservation status: Not Evaluated.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D305FFBEFF1704FAFB54FDE4.taxon	distribution	Distribution and year: Tsodilo Hills, along Rhino Trail, Ngamiland [RMNH. MOL. 104350] 2006 (NBC 2015 e). Geographic range: Botswana, South Africa.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D305FFBEFF1704FAFB54FDE4.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat: Terrestrial.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D305FFBEFF1704FAFB54FDE4.taxon	discussion	Notes: Hunter snails of the genus Gulella dwell in a variety of habitats, mostly occurring underneath logs, rocks and leaf litter (Herbert & Kilburn 2004).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D305FFBEFF1704FAFB54FDE4.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: Mt Mohapaani, Witfonteinrand, near Thabazimbi, Limpopo, South Africa (Krauss 1848).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D305FFBEFF1704FAFB54FDE4.taxon	conservation	Conservation status: Not Evaluated.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D305FFBEFCB007FAFB54F924.taxon	distribution	Distribution and year: Upper panhandle, Okavango Delta 2000 (Appleton et al. 2003). Geographic range: Angola, Botswana, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Lake Chad (at the conjunction of Chad, Cameroon, Nigeria and Niger), Mozambique, South Africa, Zimbabwe.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D305FFBEFCB007FAFB54F924.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat: Terrestrial.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D305FFBEFCB007FAFB54F924.taxon	discussion	Notes: The molluscs are mostly common in emergent and overhanging vegetation in streams and lagoons (Herbert & Kilburn 2004; Appleton & Miranda 2015).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D305FFBEFCB007FAFB54F924.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: “ Port Natal ” (Durban), South Africa (Pfeiffer 1853).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D305FFBEFCB007FAFB54F924.taxon	conservation	Conservation status: Not Evaluated.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D305FFBEFF17011AFDBDFB84.taxon	distribution	Distribution and year: Gokwe River 1869 (BÖttger 1870). Geographic range: Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa, Zambia.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D305FFBEFF17011AFDBDFB84.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat: Terrestrial.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D305FFBEFF17011AFDBDFB84.taxon	discussion	Notes: The species is ubiquitous across Southern Africa, occurring from semi-arid regions of the Kalahari Desert to the coastal regions of the Eastern Cape (Herbert & Kilburn 2004).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D305FFBEFF17011AFDBDFB84.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: Gokwe River (22 ° S 28 ° E, tributary of Motloutse River), Botswana (BÖttger 1870).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D305FFBEFF17011AFDBDFB84.taxon	conservation	Conservation status: Not Evaluated.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D305FFBEFF1702FAFDB7FDC4.taxon	vernacular_names	Common name: Minute land snails	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D305FFBEFF17075AFDC0F884.taxon	distribution	Distribution and year: Dekar 1961 (van Bruggen 1963); Koanaka Hills 1965 (van Bruggen 1966 a); Aha Hills 1965 (van Bruggen 1966 a), Dobe 1965 (van Bruggen 1966 a); Francistown 2016 (GBIF 2023 b). Geographic range: Angola, Botswana, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D305FFBEFF17075AFDC0F884.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat: Terrestrial.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D305FFBEFF17075AFDC0F884.taxon	discussion	Notes: The species occurs in the arid regions of the Kalahari towards the subtropical regions of Mozambique and to the Eastern Cape in South Africa (Herbert & Kilburn 2004). The molluscs prefer sheltered habitats under logs and rocks. Some authors treated P. minusculus and P. calaharicus as different species (Connolly 1912; van Bruggen 1966 a).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D305FFBEFF17075AFDC0F884.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: “ Ghous in the Southern Kalahari ”, South Africa (Boettger 1886).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D305FFBEFF17075AFDC0F884.taxon	conservation	Conservation status: Not Evaluated.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D305FFBEFF17045AFDF3F864.taxon	vernacular_names	Common name: Carnivorous land snails	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D305FFBEFCB0075AFB0DFB64.taxon	vernacular_names	Common name: Amber snails	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D305FFBEFCB0017AFB54FB84.taxon	distribution	Distribution and year: Aha Hills 1961 (van Bruggen 1963), Dobe 1961 (van Bruggen 1963), 1965 (van Bruggen 1966 a). Geographic range: Botswana, Malawi, Mozambique, South Africa, Zimbabwe.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D305FFBEFCB0017AFB54FB84.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat: Terrestrial.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D305FFBEFCB0017AFB54FB84.taxon	discussion	Notes: The species is widely distributed in arid regions of Southern Africa (Herbert & Kilburn 2004).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D305FFBEFCB0017AFB54FB84.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: Near the Geelong Mine, Gwanda District, Zimbabwe (Preston 1912).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D305FFBEFCB0017AFB54FB84.taxon	conservation	Conservation status: Not Evaluated.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D305FFA1FCB0043AFDBDFC44.taxon	distribution	Distribution and year: Ghanzi N / A (GBIF 2023 b); Lake Ngami N / A (Connolly 1912; 1939); Okavango “ marshes ” (Delta) N / A (Connolly 1912; 1939); “ Botletle ” (Boteti) River N / A (Connolly 1912; 1939). Geographic range: Botswana, Namibia, South Africa.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D305FFA1FCB0043AFDBDFC44.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat: Terrestrial.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D305FFA1FCB0043AFDBDFC44.taxon	discussion	Notes: The species seems to be restricted to the arid regions of Southern Africa (van Bruggen 1967).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D305FFA1FCB0043AFDBDFC44.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: Kalahari, Botswana (Connolly 1912).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D305FFA1FCB0043AFDBDFC44.taxon	conservation	Conservation status: Not Evaluated.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D31AFFA1FCB0005AFB54FA64.taxon	distribution	Distribution and year: Francistown 2018, 2019 (GBIF 2023 b). Geographic range: Botswana, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Malawi, South Africa, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D31AFFA1FCB0005AFB54FA64.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat: Terrestrial.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D31AFFA1FCB0005AFB54FA64.taxon	discussion	Notes: The species is widely distributed across Southern Africa, occurring in several types of habitats such as the savanna and the equatorial forest (van Bruggen & Appleton 1977), unknown to occur at very high altitudes, and has been introduced in several parts of the world (Herbert & Kilburn 2004). The species is known as an intermediate host of larval nematode parasites affecting vertebrates (Mahajan et al. 1992).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D31AFFA1FCB0005AFB54FA64.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: Pondicherry, India (Férussac 1822). Source: GBIF (2023 b).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D31AFFA1FCB0005AFB54FA64.taxon	conservation	Conservation status: Not Evaluated.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D31AFFA1FCB006FAFB54F8A4.taxon	distribution	Distribution and year: Francistown 2020 (GBIF 2023 b); Ngwaketse North 2023 (GBIF 2023 b). Geographic range: Botswana, Mozambique, South Africa, Zimbabwe. Habitat: Terrestrial. Notes: This is a common species in Southern Africa, found in a variety of habitats such as the forest, bushveld and woodland (Herbert & Kilburn 2004). Type locality: KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa (Krauss 1848). Source: GBIF (2023 b). Conservation status: Not Evaluated.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D31AFFA1FF17009AFDBDFA04.taxon	distribution	Distribution and year: “ Botletle ” (Boteti) River N / A (Connolly 1912; 1939); Aha Hills 1961 (van Bruggen 1963), 1965 (van Bruggen 1966 a); Dekar 1961 (van Bruggen 1963). Geographic range: Angola, Botswana, Namibia, South Africa.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D31AFFA1FF17009AFDBDFA04.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat: Terrestrial.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D31AFFA1FF17009AFDBDFA04.taxon	discussion	Notes: The distribution range is restricted to the drier parts of south-western Africa, where the species is well adapted to the savanna conditions (van Bruggen 1978).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D31AFFA1FF17009AFDBDFA04.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: Calemba, Angola (Morelet 1867).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D31AFFA1FF17009AFDBDFA04.taxon	conservation	Conservation status: Not Evaluated.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D31AFFA1FF1706DAFDBDF7C4.taxon	distribution	Distribution and year: Ngamiland [NHMUK: ecatalogue: 2666824] 1925 (GBIF 2023 b). Geographic range: Botswana, Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D31AFFA1FF1706DAFDBDF7C4.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat: Terrestrial.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D31AFFA1FF1706DAFDBDF7C4.taxon	discussion	Notes: The species is ubiquitous across Southern Africa, occurring in various habitats such as pool edges, under logs, on trees and grasses (Herbert & Kilburn 2004). This is an ecologically tolerant species (van Bruggen & Appleton 1977).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D31AFFA1FF1706DAFDBDF7C4.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: “ On the river Limpopo ”, South Africa (Krauss 1848).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D31AFFA1FF1706DAFDBDF7C4.taxon	conservation	Conservation status: Not Evaluated.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D31AFFA1FCB0003AFA88FC84.taxon	vernacular_names	Common name: Leather-back land slugs	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D31BFFA0FCB0055AFA1BF964.taxon	vernacular_names	Common name: Typical snails or helix garden snails	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D31BFFA3FCB005FAFE25FA84.taxon	distribution	Distribution and year: Francistown 2019 (GBIF 2023 b).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D31BFFA3FCB005FAFE25FA84.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat: Terrestrial. Native range: Mediterranean region (Sherpa et al. 2018), from north-west Africa, western Europe and eastwards towards Asia. Extent of invasion: The species is cosmopolitan, being introduced either accidentally or deliberately as a source of animal feed (Guiller et al. 2012). It is now found in regions such as Australia, eastern and southern regions of Africa, New Zealand, North America and southern South America (GaitÁn-Espitia et al. 2013).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D31BFFA3FCB005FAFE25FA84.taxon	discussion	Notes: The molluscs were imported deliberately to Southern Africa around the 1850 s as a food resource (Herbert & Kilburn 2004). The species is now considered a notorious agricultural pest, constantly devouring citrus orchards and vineyards (Barker & Watts 2002). The molluscs are eaten in some parts of the world and often utilised as a main ingredient in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics (JØrgensen & SØrensen 2008).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D31BFFA3FCB005FAFE25FA84.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: In Italy (MÜller 1774). Source: GBIF (2023 b).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D318FFA3FF1706BAFE62FA04.taxon	vernacular_names	Common name: Pond snails	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D318FFA3FCB0071AFBFDF7C5.taxon	distribution	Distribution and year: Chobe River, Kasane 1987 (GBIF 2023 b) (as Physa spp., see Notes).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D318FFA3FCB0071AFBFDF7C5.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat: Freshwater. Native range: Not entirely resolved, but highly speculated to be North America (Brown 1994; De Kock & Wolmarans 2007). Extent of invasion: The species is recorded from Africa, Europe and Asia (Van Damme et al. 2017).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D318FFA3FCB0071AFBFDF7C5.taxon	discussion	Notes: It is highly likely the Physa spp. recorded from the Chobe River by the AMGS in the GBIF. The species occurrence in Botswana is further supported by one scientific publication (Paraense & Pointier 2003) and an IUCN Red Listing assessment report (Van Damme et al. 2017). As Appleton et al. (2003) have recommended, it is crucial to note the possibility of the species occurrence in the Okavango Delta, especially because of the delta’s close proximity to the neighbouring Lake Kariba where the species was discovered. The species is common in both flowing and standing waters and thrives exceptionally well in polluted waters (Brown 1994); its invasive success is attributed to a high fecundity rate and the capacity to travel swiftly upstream (De Kock & Wolmarans 2007). The species serves as an intermediary host for food-borne trematode diseases such as echinostomiasis and fascioliasis (Lawton et al. 2018).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D318FFA3FCB0071AFBFDF7C5.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: Garonne River, France (Draparnaud 1805).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D318FFA3FF1706DAFB06FC64.taxon	distribution	Distribution and year: Okavango Delta 2018 / 2019 (Malatji et al. 2019). Native range: Europe and Asia (Larson 2018). Extent of invasion: The species has a wide invasion expansion range in North America (Larson 2018) and New Zealand (Winterbourn 2023), and has recently been discovered in the Okavango Delta, Botswana, and KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa (Malatji et al. 2019).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D318FFA3FF1706DAFB06FC64.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat: Freshwater.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D318FFA3FF1706DAFB06FC64.taxon	discussion	Notes: The species occurs in slow flowing rivers, lakes, as well as in man-made waterbodies such as ponds, irrigation canals and reservoirs (Winterbourn 2023). The molluscs serve as an intermediate host of Fasciola gigantica Cobbold, 1855 (Malatji et al. 2019); they are used for feeding fowl and fish in some regions in Asia (Winterbourn 2023).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D318FFA3FF1706DAFB06FC64.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: In Europe (Linnaeus 1758). Source: Malatji et al. (2019).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D319FFA2FF1703FAFDC2FEC4.taxon	vernacular_names	Common name: Tropical land snails	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D319FFA2FF17021AFE1BFB44.taxon	distribution	Distribution and year: 90 miles south of Nata, near Thalia village 1969 (GBIF 2023 b). Native range: The coastal regions of East Africa (Fontanilla 2010), southern limit possibly being the Zambezi River (Herbert 2010). Extent of invasion: The species became widely spread across the Indian ocean islands such as Madagascar and Mauritius during the 1800 s (Fontanilla 2010). It later spread to India, Sri Lanka, Asia and into several Pacific islands, and gained ground in Europe and North America (Raut & Barker 2002).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D319FFA2FF17021AFE1BFB44.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat: Terrestrial.	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D319FFA2FF17021AFE1BFB44.taxon	discussion	Notes: Introduction of the species to other regions of the world is presumed to be more deliberate than accidental (Raut & Barker 2002). This rapidly invading species, which covers a wide range expansion within a short period of time (Herbert 2010), acts as an intermediate host of the rat lungworm Angiostrongylus cantonensis that causes human eosinophilic meningitis (Fontanilla 2010), and is also infamously known as a crop pest in regions such as Ghana and mainland Kenya (Raut & Barker 2002). Lissachatina fulica can easily be mistaken for the indigenous L. immaculata (see Herbert 2010).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
03F0DD67D319FFA2FF17021AFE1BFB44.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: Unknown (Bowdich 1822). Source: GBIF (2023).	en	Rapalai, Boikhutso Lerato (2024): An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana. Indago 41: 15-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13132605, URL: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132605
