taxonID	type	description	language	source
03FE9B3B2E0CE66CFF68F3C3FD1EB624.taxon	description	TRIBE STAPHYLININI LATREILLE, 1802	en	Brunke, Adam James, Żyła, Dagmara, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Solodovnikov, Alexey (2019): Baltic amber Staphylinini (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae): a rove beetle fauna on the eve of our modern climate. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 187: 166-197
03FE9B3B2E0CE66FFF09F63CFE95B00C.taxon	description	(FIGS 4 – 6) urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 7499 F 537 - 000 C- 4 E 9 E- 8295 - E 148 E 7 D 66 EA 8 Type genus † Baltognathus Brunke, Żyła & Solodovnikov, here designated. Diagnosis † Baltognathina differs from all other subtribes of Staphylinini based on the following combination of character states: microsculpture of forebody entirely absent; labrum narrowly divided at middle; frontoclypeal puncture present; right mandible with single proximal tooth; dorsal basal ridge absent; pronotum without second puncture (sensu Schillhammer & Brunke, 2018) of dorsal row (Fig. 4 F); prosternum triangular, with lateral arms narrowed subapically (Fig. 5 C); scutellum with posterior scutellar ridge, and elytra with subbasal ridge extending horizontally to humerus and without any trace of a scutellar collar (Fig. 5 E, F), their epipleura without distinct row of coarse and impressed setose punctures (Fig. 4 D); mesotarsomeres setose dorsally; metacoxa without transverse carina. Description Head with non-geniculate antennae, inserted distant from anterior eye margin by a distance greater than twice the width of the antennal socket (Fig. 4 F); antennomeres 1 – 3 lacking dense tomentose pubescence and dense setation; apical antennomere compressed in narrow profile and without a dense field of microsetae; frontoclypeal puncture present; basal puncture present and not doubled; interocular punctures absent; parocular punctures absent; genal puncture absent; ventral basal ridge parallel with ventral part of post-occipital suture (Fig. 5 B); post-genal ridge present (Fig. 5 B); dorsal basal ridge absent; labrum not widely divided to base; second labial palpomere without dense brushes of setae; apical labial palpomere not greatly reduced in size, longer than previous segment (Fig. 5 A); gular sutures widely spaced and only weakly converging (Fig. 5 B); gula without distinct transverse basal impression; mandibles with curved outside edge, only a single tooth in proximal half. Disc of head and pronotum entirely without microsculpture. Pronotum without second puncture (sensu Schillhammer & Brunke, 2018) in the discal row (only first and distal puncture present) (Fig. 4 F); flexible postcoxal process present, at base interrupted by inferior marginal line (Fig. 5 D); prosternum triangular, lateral arms narrowed at least subapically (Fig. 5 C); basisternum with pair of macrosetae present (Fig. 5 C); pronotum not fused to prosternum (Fig. 5 C). Mesoscutellum with posterior scutellar ridge present. Elytra with subbasal ridge extending horizontally to humerus (Fig. 5 E, F), the latter with row of humeral spines (Fig. 5 E); epipleuron with scattered setose punctures, without a distinct row of coarse impressed setose punctures (Fig. 4 D). Profemur with distinct apical row of lateroventral spines (Fig. 6 D); protarsomeres trapezoid, not cylindrical (Fig. 6 B), with tenent setae; meso- and metatarsi with five trapezoid segments (Fig. 6 C), setose dorsally; empodial setae present, subequally long on all tarsi; metacoxae without transverse carina. Hind-wing vein characters unknown. Protergal glands well developed (Fig. 6 A). Abdominal tergites without accessory basal lines or posterior transverse basal lines; sternite III with basal transverse carina sharply produced posteriad at middle (Fig. 6 E). Male primary and secondary sexual character states unknown.	en	Brunke, Adam James, Żyła, Dagmara, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Solodovnikov, Alexey (2019): Baltic amber Staphylinini (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae): a rove beetle fauna on the eve of our modern climate. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 187: 166-197
03FE9B3B2E08E66BFCD0F59BFEAAB7A1.taxon	description	(FIG. 2 A, B) urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: FA 669459 - 49 A 1 - 44 CE- AD 47 - 0 E 3 C 8 CF 0 C 0 C 0 Type genus	en	Brunke, Adam James, Żyła, Dagmara, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Solodovnikov, Alexey (2019): Baltic amber Staphylinini (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae): a rove beetle fauna on the eve of our modern climate. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 187: 166-197
03FE9B3B2E0BE66BFF13F255FA24B012.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis The two genera of Afroquediina are dissimilar in habitus and body sculpture but can be recognized easily among all other Staphylinini by the combination of a deeply and broadly bilobed labrum (Fig. 2 A), lack of frontoclypeal setae (Fig. 2 A) and elytral subbasal ridge extending horizontally to the humerus (Fig. 2 B). The following characters are unique to Afroquediina: the broad, shield-shaped prosternum with short lateral arms and the broad, well-sclerotized strip on the dorsal side of the internal sac of the aedeagus. The frontoclypeal setae are also missing in Devilleferus Jenkins Shaw & Solodovnikov (Jenkins Shaw et al., 2017), but this genus otherwise lacks all above character states of Afroquediina. The broadly bilobed labrum occurs in the distantly related Staphylinini Propria clade, especially in Xanthopygina, where it is obvious that it has evolved convergently. All other incertae sedis genera in Staphylinini not included in the present phylogenetic analysis [Beeria Hatch, Strouhalium Scheerpeltz, Descarpentriesiellus Jarrige and the members of the Quediomacrus group (Brunke & Solodovnikov, 2013)] do not share the character states of Afroquediina and belong to the Northern Hemisphere clade based on the presence of a scutellar collar. Furthermore, Beeria and the Quediomacrus group have been included previously in phylogenetic analyses (Brunke & Solodovnikov, 2013; Jenkins Shaw et al., 2017) and were phylogenetically distant from Afroquediina and Antimerina. The basal elytral ridge is secondarily extended horizontally to the humerus in the enigmatic Madagascan genus Descarpentriesiellus, but this genus differs from Afroquediina in a number of character states. It might be related to subtribes Erichsoniina and Acylophorina based on the inflated apical antennomere and the elongate metatarsomeres (Schillhammer & Brunke, 2018). Description Medium-sized (7.5 – 12.6 mm), moderately robust rove beetles, ranging from dark and strongly glossy, to iridescent greenish-coppery. Dorsal forebody either entirely lacking microsculpture or with unique patchwork of microsculptured fragments, whirled in differing directions (Fig. 2 A), neither matching the concentric, transverse waves common in Staphylinini. Antennae non-geniculate; antennomeres 1 – 4 lacking tomentose pubescence; antennomeres 1 – 3 lacking dense setae, and apical antennomere lacking broad microsetal field. Head without frontoclypeal puncture (Fig. 2 A), single basal puncture present, dorsal basal ridge absent, labrum widely divided to base by broad, U-shaped notch into two lobes (Fig. 2 A), with gular sutures strongly converging toward base of head and either fusing (Afroquedius) or closely spaced (Valdiviodes). Labial palpi without dense brushes on second segment. Mandibles curved, with single tooth in basal half. Prothorax with membranous postcoxal process, distinctly interrupted at base by inferior line; basisternum shield-shaped, lateral arms very short; basisternum with pair of macrosetae; pronotum and prosternum not fused in procoxal cavity. Mesoscutellum either punctate (Afroquedius) or impunctate (Valdiviodes); posterior scutellar ridge present; subbasal elytral ridge not forming scutellar collar, extending to humerus; humerus with row of spines (Fig. 2 B). Elytral epipleuron without row of setae in impressed punctures. Profemur without apical row of lateroventral spines; protarsomeres trapezoid and flattened, with tenent setae ventrally. Meso- and metatarsomeres trapezoid and flattened, setose on disc. Metatarsus lacking tenent setae. Metacoxae without transverse carina. All tarsi with five segments and pair of empodial setae; setae not distinctly longer on mid- and hindleg compared with foreleg. Wings with veins CuA and MP 4 completely separate; MP 3 present (wing veins not codable in Valdiviodes owing to strong brachyptery). Protergal glands each present as well-developed acetabulum. Abdominal tergites without accessory basal lines; anterior transverse basal lines not curved to encompass spiracles entirely, without true posterior transverse basal lines. Abdominal sternite III with basal transverse carina either obtuse (Valdiviodes) or sharply produced (Afroquedius). Male: Sternite VIII with distinct emargination; basal mesotarsomeres with brush of tenent setae (not flattened into broad pad); parameres fused, without peg setae, with base of paramere visible and not fused to median lobe; aedeagus with internal sac bearing strongly sclerotized, broad dorsal band; internal sac with ventral paired copulatory sclerite, two-pronged copulatory piece and external copulatory plate absent. Distribution	en	Brunke, Adam James, Żyła, Dagmara, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Solodovnikov, Alexey (2019): Baltic amber Staphylinini (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae): a rove beetle fauna on the eve of our modern climate. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 187: 166-197
03FE9B3B2E0AE66AFF67F1DAFE99B4A2.taxon	description	(FIG. 2 C, E) urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 503 C 3 CA 7 - 8 C 83 - 406 D- BB 5 A- 096 FFDBDE 89 B Type genus	en	Brunke, Adam James, Żyła, Dagmara, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Solodovnikov, Alexey (2019): Baltic amber Staphylinini (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae): a rove beetle fauna on the eve of our modern climate. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 187: 166-197
03FE9B3B2E0AE66AFF21F0DEFC1CB297.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis This subtribe can be recognized unambiguously among all other Staphylinini by the unique anterior transverse basal lines of the abdominal tergites, which extend posteriad to encompass the spiracles (Fig. 2 E). Other unusual characters of Antimerus in Staphylinini include entirely (or nearly) toothless mandibles, broad areas of tenent setae on all tarsomeres, protergal glands absent and the fusion of the ventral paired copulatory sclerites of the internal sac into a plate-like structure (least fused in Antimerus jamesrodmani Solodovnikov & Newton). Description Large to very large (13 – 20 mm), robust, Staphylininalike rove beetles, ranging from brightly metallic green, brass or blue to boldly marked with patches of pubescence. Dorsal forebody with microsculpture ranging from a patchwork of microsculptured fragments, whirled in differing directions, to meshed or transverse but non-concentric waves. Antennae non-geniculate; antennomeres 1 – 4 lacking tomentose pubescence; antennomeres 1 – 3 lacking dense setae; apical antennomere lacking broad microsetal field. Head with frontoclypeal puncture present; dorsal basal ridge absent; labrum short, transverse and narrowly divided at middle; gular sutures strongly converging toward base of head but not entirely fusing. Labial palpi without dense brushes on second segment. Mandibles curved, either edentate or with very weak tooth in basal half. Prothorax with membranous postcoxal process, either interrupted at base by inferior line or not; basisternum triangular, lateral arms narrowed subapically; basisternum with pair of macrosetae; pronotum and prosternum not fused in procoxal cavity. Mesoscutellum punctate; posterior scutellar ridge present; subbasal elytral ridge not forming scutellar collar, present as a fragment only; humerus with row of spines. Elytral epipleuron without row of setae in impressed punctures. Profemur without apical row of lateroventral spines. Tarsomeres 2 – 5 of all legs trapezoid and flattened, setose on disc. Metacoxae without transverse carina. All tarsi with five segments and with pair of empodial setae; setae not distinctly longer on mid- and hindleg compared with foreleg. Wings with veins CuA and MP 4 completely separate; MP 3 present. Protergal glands absent. Abdominal tergites without accessory basal lines; anterior transverse basal lines extended posteriad to entirely encompass spiracles (Fig. 2 E), without true posterior transverse basal lines. Abdominal sternite III with basal transverse carina obtuse. Male: Sternite VIII with distinct emargination; parameres fused, with peg setae; base of paramere visible and not fused to median lobe; aedeagus with internal sac bearing ventral paired copulatory sclerites fused into plate-like structure; two-pronged copulatory piece and external copulatory plate absent. Distribution Antimerus is known only from subtropical wet forests in northeastern and southeastern Australia (Solodovnikov & Newton, 2010). The authors stated that this disjunction is likely to be real, corresponding to the distribution of suitably moist forests in eastern Australia.	en	Brunke, Adam James, Żyła, Dagmara, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Solodovnikov, Alexey (2019): Baltic amber Staphylinini (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae): a rove beetle fauna on the eve of our modern climate. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 187: 166-197
03FE9B3B2E1CE67FFC99F580FEDBB4A5.taxon	description	All taxa in this lineage share the following unique combination of character states: head with genal puncture; elytra with at least asetose punctures on disc in addition to macrosetal rows and with basal puncture doubled. The genal puncture, otherwise unique in Quediina to the Microsaurus lineage, also occurs in Queskallion and some generalized Quedionuchus (e. g. Quedionuchus ollin Smetana). Based on the present results and those of Brunke et al. (2016), Quedius (Microsaurus) is paraphyletic with respect to other taxa of this lineage. This is expected, because Microsaurus does not possess any unique character states, but instead it lacks specialized states, such as the pronotal marginal setae removed from the margin [Quedius (Velleius)] or the evenly punctate head (Korgella). The ‘ giant’ species of Nearctic Quedius (Megaquedius) and Palaearctic Velleiopsis are rather similar to each other and might be best placed in a single genus. Neither has been included in a molecular phylogeny. A greater taxon sampling is needed in order to revise the definition of Quedius (Microsaurus), but it is likely that most supraspecific taxa of the Microsaurus lineage should be treated as separate genera.	en	Brunke, Adam James, Żyła, Dagmara, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Solodovnikov, Alexey (2019): Baltic amber Staphylinini (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae): a rove beetle fauna on the eve of our modern climate. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 187: 166-197
03FE9B3B2E1FE67FFF13F723FE88B033.taxon	description	Unfortunately, most of the above-mentioned characters are homoplastic in Quediiina, and new character systems are needed. A more focused study on the phylogeny of Quediina, including a greater taxon sampling and a wider range of morphological characters, is in preparation and might shed light on the phylogenetic position of † Laevisaurus in the subtribe.	en	Brunke, Adam James, Żyła, Dagmara, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Solodovnikov, Alexey (2019): Baltic amber Staphylinini (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae): a rove beetle fauna on the eve of our modern climate. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 187: 166-197
03FE9B3B2E1FE67FFC8BF3F4FADEB49F.taxon	description	CENOZOIC LINEAGE TURNOVER IN EUROPE	en	Brunke, Adam James, Żyła, Dagmara, Yamamoto, Shûhei, Solodovnikov, Alexey (2019): Baltic amber Staphylinini (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae): a rove beetle fauna on the eve of our modern climate. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 187: 166-197
