identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03FD4400FF999F63FEDEFB1EFA06FEAA.text	03FD4400FF999F63FEDEFB1EFA06FEAA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ledrini	<div><p>Key to  Ledrini genera of the  Indian subcontinent</p><p>[Modified and updated from Jones &amp; Deitz (2009)]</p><p>1. Pronotum in lateral view strongly humped and strongly declivous anteriorly (Figs 39 ACD)........................... 2</p><p>- Pronotum in lateral view not humped (slightly humped in  Petalocephala nigrilinea Fig. 8D) and slightly declivous anteriorly (Figs 1F, 39G)........................................................................................ 7</p><p>2. Metabasitarsomere columnar or robust, longer than combined length of remaining tarsomeres in ventral view (Fig. 38C); anterolateral areas of face with setae or their remains (Fig. 38E)................................................ 3</p><p>- Metabasitarsomere neither columnar nor robust and shorter than or equal in length to combined length of remaining tarsomeres in ventral view (Figs 38 AB); anterolateral areas of face usually without setae or their remains (Fig. 38D)...  Confucius Distant</p><p>3. Pronotum with one pair of ridges on either side of median line (Fig. 39E); outer pair sometimes produced into lamellate process (Fig. 39E)........................................................................................... 4</p><p>- Pronotum without ridges (Figs 1 ACEI), may be foveate on either side of median line in anterior half (Fig. 39F).......... 6</p><p>4. Pronotum produced laterally (Fig. 38F); mesonotum with median lamellate crest (Fig. 38G).............  Eleazara Distant</p><p>- Pronotum not produced laterally (Fig. 39E); mesonotum without median lamellate crest (Fig. 39 CD)................... 5</p><p>5. Metatibiae foliaceously dilated (Fig. 38C)......................................................  Ledra Fabricius</p><p>- Metatibiae not foliaceously dilated (Fig. 38B)...................................................  Chatura Distant</p><p>6. Pronotum strongly foveate on either side of median line in anterior half (Fig. 39F).......................  Ezrana Distant</p><p>- Pronotum not strongly foveate on either side of median line in anterior half (Fig. 39B)..................  Ledropsis White</p><p>7. Pronotum laterally expanded into triangular lobe (Fig. 39H)................................................... 8</p><p>- Pronotum not so expanded, lateral margins either straight (Figs 1 CI) or slightly rounded............................. 9</p><p>8. Male pygofer with ventral process (Fig. 40D); style mesolateral margin without fine long setae (Fig. 40E).......  Tituria Stål</p><p>- Male pygofer without ventral process, posterodorsal angle sclerotized and produced into quadrate plate with posterodorsal and posteroventral angles produced (Fig. 40F); style mesolateral margin with fine long setae (Fig. 40G)................................................................................................  Macrotrichia Zhang, Sun&amp; Dai</p><p>9. Pronotum with lateral margins concave, distance between posterolateral angles about 1.4× as long as that between anterolateral angles (Fig. 1A); aedeagal shaft cylindrical, thin, and almost 4× as long as dorsal apodeme, with two pairs of lateral subapical processes (Fig. 23G)................................................................  Digitata Wang, Li &amp; Dai</p><p>- Pronotum with lateral margins either straight or slightly rounded, distance across posterolateral angles not more than 1.3× longer than that across anterolateral angles (Figs 1 CG); aedeagus variable but if thin and long then with only one pair of subapical or apical processes (Fig. 26H, 28 EF)............................................................. 10</p><p>10. Forewing strongly flexed ventrally laterad of outer claval vein (Figs 13 EF, 40A).................................. 11</p><p>- Forewing not flexed ventrally laterad of outer claval vein (Figs 1 GH), if flexed, only the area between outer claval vein and claval suture flexed and the cell M reflexed dorsally (Figs 1B–F).............................................. 12</p><p>11. Forewing claval veins separate, not fused (Figs 13E, 14A); metafemur distal macrosetae 2+1 (Fig. 40C)....  Thlasia Germar</p><p>- Forewing claval veins fused in middle 0.5 length (Fig. 40A); metafemur distal macrosetae 2+0 (Fig. 40B)................................................................................  Yelahanka Viraktamaath, Webb &amp; Yeshwanth</p><p>12. Aedeagal shaft apex expanded laterally with one pair of basally forked processes (Figs 24 EH)......  Latycephala McKamey</p><p>- Aedeagal shaft apex not expanded laterally with one pair of either apical (Figs 27 FG) or subapical sclerotized (Fig. 25 HIJ) or membranous processes (Fig. 33 FH))........................................................  Petalocephala Stål</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD4400FF999F63FEDEFB1EFA06FEAA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	VIRAKTAMATH, C. A.;WEBB, M. D.;YESHWANTH, H. M.	VIRAKTAMATH, C. A., WEBB, M. D., YESHWANTH, H. M. (2025): Leafhopper subfamily Ledrinae of the Indian subcontinent: 2. Genera Digitata Wang, Li & Dai, Latycephala McKamey, Petalocephala Stål and Thlasia Germar (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) with description of six new species. Zootaxa 5623 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5623.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5623.1.1
03FD4400FF9A9F62FEDEFB7FFB72FBA3.text	03FD4400FF9A9F62FEDEFB7FFB72FBA3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Digitata brevicephala VIRAKTAMATH & WEBB & YESHWANTH 2025	<div><p>Digitata brevicephala sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 1 AB, 17A, 20A, 23A–J.</p><p>Diagnosis. The new species differs from  D. quadrifda in having male pygofer dorsal margin straight (excavated near segment X in  D. quadrifida), subgenital plates exceeding length of pygofer in lateral and dorsal view (not exceeding pygofer in  D. quadrifida), style apophysis more slender than in  D. quadrifida and aedeagal shaft apex and its processes differently shaped (Figs 23F–J).</p><p>Description. Uniformly ochraceous brown. Pronotum with slender median dark brown line in anterior 0.33 and one spot on posterior margin, dark brown.</p><p>Head including eyes much narrower than distance between pronotal posterolateral angles (distance between posterolateral angles 1.3× greater than head width), about as long as interocular distance, lateral margins in front of eyes straight till 0.66 distance then mesally curved, apex obtusely angled, with median longitudinal carina, surface punctate, area adjacent to median longitudinal carina longitudinally wrinkled. Ocelli as close to each other as to adjacent eyes. Pronotal lateral margins concave and strongly divergent in posterior half, about 1.4× as wide as across posterolateral angles compared to distance across anterolateral angels, surface striate and punctate not granulose, without median longitudinal carina, about 1.2× longer than median length of crown, anterior margin slightly convex, posterior margin concave in middle. Mesonotum slightly shorter than pronotum (0.9×) and slightly longer than crown. Forewing densely punctate in basal region thereafter sparsely punctate, punctation mostly confined to margins of veins, outer claval vein not prominent, subapical cells without accessory cross veins. Metabasitarsomere with 4 platellae (Fig. 20A).</p><p>Male genitalia. Pygofer more or less triangular, narrowed posteriorly and conically rounded, ventral process short, not reaching dorsal margin. Subgenital plate about as long as pygofer, widest slightly proximad of midlength, about 3.8× as long as wide. Style with anterior apodeme as long as widened body region in middle, body widest at proximal 0.66 distance, apophysis narrow, short, slightly curved ventrally. Aedeagus with well-developed dorsal apodeme; shaft elongate, enlarged in distal 0.33 length in lateral view with pair of lateral lamellate subapical processes, each process with a short proximal laterally directed spur, lamellate processes narrowed distally and extended beyond apex of shaft, gonopore apical.</p><p>Female not known.</p><p>Measurements. Male 8.9 mm long and 1.9 mm wide across eyes and 2.5 mm wide across posterolateral angles of pronotum.</p><p>Material examined,   HOLOTYPE ♂, INDIA: Meghalaya:  Cherrapunji, 1358m, 5.xi.1981, S. Viraktamath (UASB).</p><p>Etymology. The species name refers to the short head (brevis (Latin): short; kephalē (Greek): head) of the new species</p><p>Remarks. This species externally resembles species of  Paraconfucius Cai (Cai 1992) from China but has a much longer crown, and the upper surface of the head and thorax are without granules. Their male genitalia are entirely different. It differs from  D. quadrifida in the shape of the crown and male genitalia (see Diagnosis).</p><p>Genus  Latycephala McKamey</p><p>Latycephala McKamey, 2005: 506, replacement name for  Platycephala Kuoh, 1992: 250, not  Platycephala Fallén, 1820 . Type species:  L. tortilla (Kuoh) .</p><p>Diagnosis. Jones &amp; Deitz (2009) considered this genus to be very similar to  Arenoledra Kuoh and  Midoria Kato. However, it differs in having crown medially shorter than interocular distance, male genitalia with style denticulate apically (not denticulate in  L. viridula) and aedeagus with paired long laminate processes.</p><p>Remarks. When establishing the genus  Platycephala, Kuoh (1992) diagnosed it as follows: a) crown medially shorter than breadth between eyes; b) crown lateral margins arched, anterior margin upturned and centrally longitudinally carinate; c) basal area of the face without strong central ridge; d) clypellus rectangular; e) male pygofer with a process; f) style with denticles near apex; and g) aedeagus with paired long laminate processes. Kuoh (1992) included four species and these were transferred to the genus  Latycephala McKamey when McKamey (2005) proposed the replacement name for  Platycephala, which was preoccupied. These include  L. decussata (Kuoh),  L. graminea (Kuoh),  L. laminata (Kuoh) and the type species  L. tortilla (Kuoh) . Jones &amp; Deitz (2009) transferred  L. sanguineomarginata and  L. viridula (Kuoh) which were earlier placed in the genus  Petalocephala .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD4400FF9A9F62FEDEFB7FFB72FBA3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	VIRAKTAMATH, C. A.;WEBB, M. D.;YESHWANTH, H. M.	VIRAKTAMATH, C. A., WEBB, M. D., YESHWANTH, H. M. (2025): Leafhopper subfamily Ledrinae of the Indian subcontinent: 2. Genera Digitata Wang, Li & Dai, Latycephala McKamey, Petalocephala Stål and Thlasia Germar (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) with description of six new species. Zootaxa 5623 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5623.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5623.1.1
03FD4400FF9B9F6FFEDEFB90FA06F822.text	03FD4400FF9B9F6FFEDEFB90FA06F822.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Latycephala viridula (Kuoh 1984)	<div><p>Latycephala viridula (Kuoh)</p><p>Figs 1C–F, 17 BC, 20BH, 21A–D, 24A–H.</p><p>Petalocephala viridula Kuoh 1984: 274-275, fig 4a–d.</p><p>Latycephala viridula (Kuoh): Jones &amp; Deitz 2009: 45.</p><p>Diagnosis. Pale brownish green mottled with yellow spots; crown narrowly margined by red. Aedeagus with subapical pair of forked processes, proximal branch directed anteriorly and then curved dorsally, distal branch stout, tapering distally, exceeding shaft apex and meeting its counterpart at midline much beyond membranous lobe-like apex of aedeagal shaft.</p><p>Description. Pale brownish green, mottled with pale yellow; head both dorsally and ventrally anteriorly margined by red in front of eyes, ocelli reddish, eyes brownish. Face, thoracic and abdominal sternites and pleurites yellowish green, antennae and legs greenish yellow.</p><p>Crown surface punctate, longitudinally rugose (especially adjacent to median carina) with well-developed median carina, about 0.7× (in male) to 0.9 (in female) as long medially as interocular distance, 0.8–09× as long medially as median length of pronotum. Pronotal lateral margins slightly divergent posteriorly, about 1.1–1.2× as wide across posterolateral angles as between anterolateral angles, medially with a faint impressed line, surface striate-punctate on disc and rest punctate. Mesonotum as long as or slightly longer than median length of pronotum, mesoscutum punctate, mesoscutellum transversely striate punctate. Female sternite VII with slightly convex anterior margin, about 0.4× as wide proximally as long medially, narrowed slightly posteriorly, posterior margin with lateral margins slightly convex, medially concave (Fig. 20H).</p><p>Male genitalia. Pygofer in lateral view triangular with straight dorsal margin, narrowed posteriorly, much more so in distal region and sharply angled, 1.6× as long as height along anterior margin, ventral process slightly curved dorsoposteriorly, prong-like, widened distally and reaching dorsal margin of pygofer. Style anterior apodeme short, about 0.2× as long as total length, with broad mid region, apophysis slightly narrowed and curved ventrally almost at right angle near apex, ventrally directed portion slightly narrowed proximally and flared near apex with rounded ventral apical margin. Aedeagus short, with well-developed dorsal apodeme, shaft directed posterodorsally, dorsal surface in lateral view with convexity at about midlength, in proximal region and with one pair of bifurcate lateral subapical processes arising on dorsal surface laterally, proximal branch of process directed anteriorly and then curved dorsally, longer, stouter distal process tapering distally and directed dorsally and then mesally meeting its partner at midline much beyond apex of shaft; shaft apex membranous lobe-like with apical gonopore indistinct.</p><p>Female genitalia. Valvula I slightly curved dorsally, and slightly narrowed, sculptured area occupying distal 0.3 length, obliquely strigate, strigae short basally, occupying almost half-width in distal half-length of sculptured area (Figs 21 AB). Valvula II slightly curved dorsally, of uniform width, toothed area occupying distal 0.25 length, teeth about 8, small except proximal one (Figs 21 CD).</p><p>Measurements. Male10.0– 10.1mm long, 3.4–3.5 mm wide across eyes and 3.8–3.9mm wide across posterolateral angles of pronotum. Female 12.4 mm long, 3.7 mm wide across eyes and 3.9 mm wide across posterolateral angles of pronotum.</p><p>Material examined.  INDIA: Arunachal Pradesh: 3♂, Hunli, 15.vii.2023, Ajay Kumar;   Manipur: 1♀, Senapati: Siang,  Mong Jang, 28.ix.2013, sweep net, Yeshwanth, H.M. (UASB)  .</p><p>Remarks. Kuoh (1984) described this species from Yunnan Province, China. It is a new record for the  Indian subcontinent.  L. viridula resembles  P. chlorocephala externally but differs in being mottled with pale yellow with the crown and face margined by red. Crown shape and coloration of this species also resemble those of female  P. umbrosa but the lateral margin of the crown is much straighter in the latter species than in this species.</p><p>Genus  Petalocephala Stål</p><p>Petalocephala Stål 1854: 251 . Type species:  Petalocephala bohemani Stål, subsequent designation by Atkinson 1885.</p><p>Pachyledra Schumacher, 1912: 248 . Type:  Pachyledra kamerunensis Schumacher, 1912 . Synonymised by Linnavuori 1972:214.</p><p>Eogypona Kirkaldy 1901: 38, Type species.  Eogypona kirbyi Kirkaldy1901: 38 . Synonymised by China 1926: 350.</p><p>Destinoides Cai &amp; He 2000: 57 . Type species  Destinoides fasciata Cai &amp; He 2000, a junior synonym of  Ledra latifrons Walker 1851 . Syn. nov.</p><p>Diagnosis. Sexually dimorphic, males with more or less pentagonal heads and females with slightly longer often conical or parabolic heads, and anteriorly foliaceous; usually longer than pronotum, more or less flat, rarely sloping laterally; with median carina often well-developed and prominent, sometimes weak or absent. Pronotum more or less flat, rarely convex (as in  P. nigrilinea). Male pygofer with short ventral process (absent in  P. uniformis), Style apex ventrally either smoothly or abruptly curved (often at right angle). Aedeagus without preatrium or atrial ventral surface not prolonged, dorsal apodeme well-developed, bifid distally, shaft tubular, usually apically membranous, with or without lateral or apical processes.</p><p>Description. Medium to large (5.5–19.0 mm long), green, rarely brown arboreal leafhoppers often marked with dark brown on head, thorax and forewings. Sexually dimorphic, males with more or less pentagonal heads and females with slightly longer often conical or parabolic heads, and anteriorly foliaceous; usually longer than pronotum, more or less flattish, rarely sloping laterally, punctate, with median carina often well-developed and prominent, sometimes weak or absent. Face horizontal, flat, sometimes upper part concave, lower part short, nearly semicircular in outline, clypellus parallel-sided, frontoclypeus narrow parallel sided in lower part, sharply triangularly tapering upwards in front of antennal pits. Lora elongate, genae flattish, antennal pits shallow. Ocelli on crown close to posterior margin, either as far apart from each other as from adjacent eye or closer to each other than to adjacent eye (in most males) or closer to adjacent eye than to each other (in most females). Pronotum flattish, punctate or especially on posterior half rugose punctate, with or without medially longitudinally finely impressed or carinate or not; lateral margins long, subacute, either parallel-sided or divergent posteriorly, anterior margin slightly convex, posterior margin medially concave, lateral posterolateral margins adjacent to mesonotum either straight or slightly concave. Mesonotum as long as or longer than pronotum. Forewings long, coriaceous, punctate, more richly and deeply in clavus, claval veins separate, not connected by cross vein, sometimes apically forked, subapical and apical cells with accessary veins. Metatibia not foliaceous, with 4–6 prominent setae on anterodorsal (AD) row; metabasitarsomere with 35 platellae (Figs 20C–E).</p><p>Male genitalia. Pygofer more or less triangular, without macrosetae or anterior marginal apodemes, dorsal margin more or less straight, without processes, ventral margin sometimes expanded, with short or long ventral process (absent in  P. uniformis Distant) that may or may not reach dorsal margin. Subgenital plates with a few short setae. Style without preapical lobe, part anterior to articulation with connective short, posterior to articulation broad proximally and narrowed distally, subapically ventrally either smoothly or abruptly curved (often at right angle), portion beyond curvature either narrowed, sinuate or not, often sculptured and with or without basal group of setae. Connective T or V-shaped with anterior median lobe. Aedeagus without preatrium or atrial ventral surface not prolonged, dorsal apodeme well-developed, bifid distally, shaft tubular, usually apically membranous, with or without lateral or apical processes, gonopore apical or subapical, in latter case on dorsal surface. Segment X with ventroposterior margin prolonged posteriorly and membranous, without sclerotized processes.</p><p>Female sternite VII about as long as or longer than sternite VI, almost rectangular with posterior margin medially concave (Figs 20I–N). Valvulae I and II well-sclerotized. Valvula I with dorsal sculpturing confined to distal 0.33–0.5 length, sculpturing obliquely strigate, strigae increasing in length distally in proximal half-length. Valvula II with toothed area occupying distal 0.33–0.5 length, with or without basal tooth before toothed area, the first tooth in toothed area prominent followed by smaller teeth, each tooth with crenulate or smooth margin (Figs 21 GH, KL, OP; 22CD, GH, KL).</p><p>Remarks. Species of  Petalocephala resemble those of  Yelahanka Viraktamath, Webb &amp; Yeshwanth, but differ in having a much longer crown (slightly to considerably longer than half interocular width).  Yelahanka has its forewing deflected ventrally at level of outer claval vein which is carinate and also the claval veins are fused for some distance or connected by a cross vein and the metafemur distal macrosetae are 2+0 compared to 2+ 1 in  Petalocephala .</p><p>Jones &amp; Deitz (2009) removed the genus  Eogypona from  Ledrinae . China (1926) discussed in detail regarding the synonymy of  Eogypona Kirkaldy with  Petalocephala, which was earlier mentioned by Kirkaldy (1907) as “…apparently a synonym of  Camptelasmus (=  Petalocephala)”. The genus  Petalocephala includes 89 valid species (Jones &amp; Deitz 2009), of which 23 were listed from the  Indian subcontinent by Metcalf (1962). Of these,  P. bainbriggei Distant,  P granulosa Distant and  P. tabulata Distant were transferred to the genus  Yelahanka by Viraktamath et al. (2021); the remaining 20 species remain in the genus. In this study two new species records are given for the subcontinent and three new species are described.  P. hornei Distant 1908 is treated as a junior synonym of  P. chlorocephala (Walker 1851) following Distant (1908).</p><p>Cai &amp; He (2000) established the genus  Destinoides with  Destinoides fasciata Cai &amp; He as the type species. Jones &amp; Deitz (2009) in their revision of the world  Ledrinae, suspected this genus to be synonymous with  Petalocephala . However, Sun et al. (2014) revised  Destinoides, synonymized the type species as a junior synonym of  Petalocephala latifrons (Walker) and also transferred  P. conspicua to this genus. Wang et al. (2024) in their molecular phylogenetic analysis included two examplars, both identified as  Destinoides conspicua, ( P. conspicua 1 and  P. conspicua 2). These workers did not illustrate either the habitus or male genitalia of these taxa, but in their key to Ledrine genera separated  Destinoides from  Petalocephala (Wang et al. 2024: 11; couplet 33) by the “aedeagal shaft broad and laminate,” compared to the “narrow and cylindrical” aedeagal shaft of  Petalocephala . The aedeagus of holotype male  D. latifrons (Walker) (Sun et al. 2014: Figs 8, 9) and syntype male of  D. conspicua Distant (Sun et al. 2014: Figs 17, 18) show that the aedeagus in both the species is neither broad nor lamellate. Therefore, apparently Wang et al. (2024) misidentified  D. conspicua . The male genitalia of these two species of  Destinoides are very similar to some species of  Petalocephala and the shape of aedeagus is within the range of variation found in  Petalocephala and hence, we consider  Destinoides to be a junior synonym of  Petalocephala . See also Discussion.</p><p>Key to species of  Petalocephala of the  Indian subcontinent</p><p>[Note. Males of  bicolor,  cephalotes,  confusa,  conica,  cultellifera,  glauca,  hearsayi,  insignis,  kempi,  subaquila, and  umbrosa are not known. Similarly, females of  chlorocephala,  nauniensis,  nigrilinea and  remota are not known. The female crown is variable in length within a species and sternite VII is more or less uniform in most of the species hence the couplets for females in the following key are only tentative until males of the species are discovered.]</p><p>1. Upper surface of body and forewings chocolate brown; crown, pronotum and mesonotum with bright yellow median stripe, narrowing anteriorly on crown (Figs 8 GK).................................................  P. perductalis (Kirby)</p><p>- Virescent or yellowish green or greenish brown without such a stripe, margins of crown, pronotum and mesonotum may be fuscous to dark brown................................................................................. 2</p><p>2. Crown median length 1.2× or more as long as interocular distance (Figs 1 GI, 7AB, 10AB)........................... 3</p><p>- Crown median length less than 1.1× as long as interocular distance (Figs 2A, 3A,).................................. 5</p><p>3. Crown median length 2× or more as long as pronotal median length, pronotal lateral margins more or less parallel sided (Fig. 7B) (female)..............................................................................  P. kempi Pruthi</p><p>- Crown median length 1.7× or less as long as pronotal median length, pronotal lateral margins distinctly divergent posteriorly (Figs 1 GI,10AB)...................................................................................... 4</p><p>4. Pronotum longer than exposed mesonotum (Fig. 10A) (female)..................................  P. subaquila Distant</p><p>- Pronotum shorter than exposed mesonotum in both sexes (Figs 1 GI)........................  P. balehonnurensis sp. nov.</p><p>5. Females............................................................................................. 6</p><p>- Males............................................................................................. 18</p><p>6. Frontoclypeus black (Fig. 18A), forewing subcostal area with dark brown longitudinal stripe extending for basal 0.66 length (Fig. 6I)................................................................................  P. insignis Distant</p><p>- Frontoclypeus and forewing costal area not marked as above.................................................. 7</p><p>7. Crown about as long as interocular distance (about 0.91–1.1× as long as interocular distance)......................... 8</p><p>- Crown distinctly shorter than interocular width (less than 0.9× as long as interocular distance)....................... 13</p><p>8. Small species measuring less than 9mm long (Fig. 9E–I).....................................  P. sahyadrica sp. nov.</p><p>- Larger species measuring more than 10 mm long............................................................ 9</p><p>9. Crown apex conically rounded or parabolic (Figs 3I, 4 AD)................................................... 10</p><p>- Crown more or less an equilateral triangle, with apex acutely angled (Figs 2A, 6A)................................ 11</p><p>10. Large species measuring 15–17 mm long......................................................  P. conica Distant</p><p>- Smaller species measuring 11 mm long.......................................................  P. confusa Distant</p><p>11. Crown and pronotum margined with dark brown (Figs 2A–C); forewing apical margin dark brown (Fig. 2A)....................................................................................................  P. bicolor Distant</p><p>- Crown and pronotum with margin not dark brown (Figs 6 AB); forewing apical margin either differently colored or not... 12</p><p>12. Pronotal lateral margins more or less parallel sided (distance between posterolateral angles less than 1.1× as long as that between anterolateral angles) (Fig. 6A).....................................................  P. glauca (Melichar)</p><p>- Pronotal lateral margins distinctly diverging posteriorly (distance between posterolateral angles more than 1.2× as that of anterolateral angles) (Fig. 6E).............................................................  P. hearsayi Distant</p><p>13. Large species measuring more than 17 mm long............................................  P. cultellifera (Walker)</p><p>- Smaller species measuring less 16 mm long............................................................... 14</p><p>14. Lateral margins of crown in front of eyes almost straight for almost half length of crown then mesally curved (Fig. 2E)........................................................................................  P. cephalotes Distant</p><p>- Lateral margins of crown in front of eyes mesally directed, apex subangulate or conically rounded (Figs 10E)........... 15</p><p>15. Head in front of eyes both dorsally and ventrally reddish brown margined (Figs10 EF).................  P. umbrosa Distant</p><p>- Head in front of eyes of same color as rest of crown or face (Fig. 11 DE)........................................ 16</p><p>16. Sternite VII about 1.33× as wide basally as at apex, posterior margin shallowly concave (Figs.20 MN)...  P. uniformis Distant</p><p>- Sternite VII less than 1.2× as wide at base as at apex, posterior margin medially concavely excavated (Figs 20 JK)....... 17</p><p>17. Valvula II with proximal prominent tooth proximad of regular toothed area (Figs 21 KL).....  P. fuscomarginata Cai &amp; Kuoh</p><p>- Valvula II without proximal prominent tooth proximad of regular toothed area (Figs 21 OP)............  P. latifrons (Walker)</p><p>18. Pygofer without process on ventral or outer margin posteriorly (Fig. 33 AD); aedeagal shaft with a sclerotized angulate plate on dorsal surface apically, and subapical lateral membranous lobes not exceeding plate (Figs 33 FGH)......  P. uniformis Distant</p><p>- Pygofer armed with ventral, apical or dorsoposterior process (Figs 25 BC, 32A); aedeagal shaft without sclerotized plate on dorsal surface (Fig. 31I).............................................................................. 19</p><p>19. Style apex abruptly ventrally directed, dorsal margin at point of bend almost at right angle (Figs 25D. 27C); aedeagal shaft without median sclerotized process on ventral surface apically................................................ 20</p><p>- Style apex slightly curved at apex (Fig. 32D); aedeagal shaft with median sclerotized process on ventral surface apically (Figs 32 FH).............................................................................  P. sahyadrica sp. nov.</p><p>20. Pygofer posteriorly strongly narrowed and acutely angular distally (Figs 26 AB)................................... 21</p><p>- Pygofer gradually slightly narrowed distally and posterodorsal angle rounded (Figs 25A, 29 AB)..................... 23</p><p>21. Aedeagal shaft in lateral view sinuate (Figs 26I, 27G); style apex without subapical tooth (Figs 26 DE)................. 22</p><p>- Aedeagal shaft in lateral view slightly curved, not sinuate (Fig. 28G); style apex with subapical tooth (Figs 28 CD).............................................................................................  P. latifrons (Walker)</p><p>22. Aedeagal shaft with one pair of short thin processes at base of dorsal expansion in lateral view (Fig. 26H); pygofer ventral process lamellate and short (Figs 26A–C)..............................................  P. chlorocephala (Walker)</p><p>- Aedeagal shaft in lateral view without processes at base of dorsal expansion (Fig. 27G); pygofer process stout and long (Figs 27 AB)......................................................................  P. fuscomarginata Cai &amp; Kuoh</p><p>23. Aedeagal shaft with subapical pair of lateral spine-like processes exceeding shaft apex (Fig. 29E–G).................. 24</p><p>- Aedeagal shaft with two pairs of subapical lateral processes, the proximal pair short, and the distal pair membranous medially convergent beyond shaft apex (Figs 31G–I)..................................................  P. remota (Melichar)</p><p>24. Aedeagal shaft in proximal 0.75 length of uniform width dorsal surface without angular projection (Fig. 29G); style apex with ventrally bent part sinuate (Figs 29 CD)....................................................  P. nauniensis sp. nov.</p><p>- Aedeagal shaft broad proximally then narrowed till midlength with an angular projection on dorsal surface slightly distad of midlength (Fig. 30D); style apex with bent part triangular in lateral view (Fig. 30B)................  P. nigrilinea (Walker)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD4400FF9B9F6FFEDEFB90FA06F822	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	VIRAKTAMATH, C. A.;WEBB, M. D.;YESHWANTH, H. M.	VIRAKTAMATH, C. A., WEBB, M. D., YESHWANTH, H. M. (2025): Leafhopper subfamily Ledrinae of the Indian subcontinent: 2. Genera Digitata Wang, Li & Dai, Latycephala McKamey, Petalocephala Stål and Thlasia Germar (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) with description of six new species. Zootaxa 5623 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5623.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5623.1.1
03FD4400FF979F6EFEDEFFC4FE5CF9A5.text	03FD4400FF979F6EFEDEFFC4FE5CF9A5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Petalocephala balehonnurensis VIRAKTAMATH & WEBB & YESHWANTH 2025	<div><p>Petalocephala balehonnurensis sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 1G–J, 17 DE, 20CI, 21E–H, 25A–J.</p><p>Diagnosis. Crown, pronotum and mesonotum mottled with reddish brown forming median stripe. Crown 1.2–1.5× as long as interocular distance. Male pygofer with posterodorsal angle rounded, with ventral process exceeding dorsal margin. Aedeagal shaft with one pair of short, laterally divergent subapical processes on ventral surface.</p><p>Description. Greenish ochraceous with mottled with reddish brown forming broad stripe extending from crown to pronotum, stripe diverging anteriorly on crown and posteriorly on pronotum; entire mesonotum mottled with reddish brown. Frontoclypeus with reddish brown elongate marking extending from fore margin to a point level with antennal bases; rest of frontoclypeus, lora and genae faintly piceous in male, pale greenish in female. Legs in male pale yellowish brown, with extremities darker in both male and female.</p><p>Upper surface of body including forewings uniformly punctate. Crown margin in front of eyes narrowing anteriorly and apically conically rounded, medially carinate, sloping laterally, 1.2–1.5× as long as interocular distance, 1.2–1.5× as long as pronotum medially. Pronotum sloping laterally laterad of median stripe, with one lateral circular depression on either side of median line in anterior half, anterior margin convex, posterior margin concave medially, about 1.2–1.3× as wide across posterolateral angles as across anterolateral angles. Mesonotum usually shorter than pronotum. Forewing subapical cells with accessary cross veins. Metabasitarsomere with 3 platellae (Fig. 20C). Female sternite VII almost rectangular, 2× as long medially as wide proximally, posterior margin slightly concave with straight lateral margins and medially concave (Fig. 20I).</p><p>Male genitalia. Pygofer triangular, rounded posteriorly, slightly longer than height, with ventral process along ventral margin slightly exceeding dorsal margin and sharply pointed distally. Subgenital plate about as long as pygofer. Style with anterior part about 0.66 as long as total length, median region broadest at midlength, curved strongly near apex dorsally almost at right angle, posterior margin of dorsally curved part concave, apex truncate, surface sculptured. Aedeagus with well-developed dorsal apodeme; shaft in lateral view slightly narrower in proximal region then widened distally, curved distally, with one pair of short subapical processes on ventral surface laterally divergent, gonopore subapical on ventral surface to apical.</p><p>Female genitalia. Valvula I almost straight, dorsal margin slightly convex distally, more or less of equal width, sculptured area occupying distal 0.33, very narrow proximally and gradually widened reaching half-width in distal half-length, sculpturing consisting of oblique strigae (Fig. 21 EF). Valvula II more or less straight, with toothed area slightly convex, occupying distal 0.33 length, consisting of one proximal tooth and another tooth at mid-length of toothed area interspersed with smaller teeth (Figs 21 GH).</p><p>Measurements. Male 14.5 mm long, 3.4 mm wide across eyes, 4.0 mm wide across posterolateral angles of pronotum. Female 16.9–17.5 mm long, 3.5–3.6 mm wide across eyes and 4.5–4.7 mm wide across posterolateral angles of pronotum.</p><p>Material examined.   HOLOTYPE ♂, INDIA: Karnataka:  Balehonnur, 867m, 4.vi.2007, Salini, S. (UASB)  .   Paratypes. INDIA: Kerala: 1♀,  Myladumpara, ICRI, 21.iv. 2013, Sweep net, Yeshwanth, H.M  .;  1♀, same data but collected by ARV Kumar;  1♀, Peechi, 82m, 21.ix.2008, Light trap, Shankara Murthy (UASB) .</p><p>Etymology. The species is named after the type locality (Balehonnur) from where the holotype specimen was collected.</p><p>Remarks. This species externally closely resembles the Myanmar species  P. sabaquila but is much smaller. Males of the latter species are not known and until that time the species can be differentiated only by the size and different body proportions.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD4400FF979F6EFEDEFFC4FE5CF9A5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	VIRAKTAMATH, C. A.;WEBB, M. D.;YESHWANTH, H. M.	VIRAKTAMATH, C. A., WEBB, M. D., YESHWANTH, H. M. (2025): Leafhopper subfamily Ledrinae of the Indian subcontinent: 2. Genera Digitata Wang, Li & Dai, Latycephala McKamey, Petalocephala Stål and Thlasia Germar (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) with description of six new species. Zootaxa 5623 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5623.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5623.1.1
03FD4400FF979F69FEDEF9EAFDC3FE25.text	03FD4400FF979F69FEDEF9EAFDC3FE25.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Petalocephala bicolor Distant	<div><p>Petalocephala bicolor Distant</p><p>Figs 2A–D.</p><p>Petalocephala bicolor Distant 1908: 167 .</p><p>Diagnosis. Greenish ochraceous, lateral margins of crown, pronotum, forewing clavus mesad of claval suture and apical margin narrowly reddish brown to piceous. Lateral margins of crown straight for short distance in front of eyes then strongly convergent, apex bluntly angled. It resembles female  P. umbrosa but has more strongly convergent lateral margins of crown in addition to differences in coloration of pronotum and forewings.</p><p>Description. Distant (1908) adequately described the external features of this species. Additional features are as follows. Crown without prominent median suture, lateral margins in front of eyes straight for a short distance and then convergent, apex bluntly angled; about 0.97× as long medially as interocular distance, about 1.4× as long as median length of pronotum. Pronotum with lateral margins divergent posteriorly, distance between posterolateral angles about 1.2× as long as distance between anterolateral angles. Mesonotum shorter than median length of pronotum.</p><p>Material examined.   SRI LANKA: SYNTYPE ♀, “Kandy, Ceylon, 6.02”, “  Petalocephala bicolor Dist., type”, “Type”, “ Syntype ”, “Distant Coll. 1911–383” (BMNH)  .</p><p>Remarks. Distant (1908) described this species from an unspecified number of specimens (syntypic) with locality data: “ Ceylon; Kandy (Green)”.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD4400FF979F69FEDEF9EAFDC3FE25	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	VIRAKTAMATH, C. A.;WEBB, M. D.;YESHWANTH, H. M.	VIRAKTAMATH, C. A., WEBB, M. D., YESHWANTH, H. M. (2025): Leafhopper subfamily Ledrinae of the Indian subcontinent: 2. Genera Digitata Wang, Li & Dai, Latycephala McKamey, Petalocephala Stål and Thlasia Germar (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) with description of six new species. Zootaxa 5623 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5623.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5623.1.1
03FD4400FF909F69FEDEFD15FC82FB4B.text	03FD4400FF909F69FEDEFD15FC82FB4B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Petalocephala cephalotes Distant	<div><p>Petalocephala cephalotes Distant</p><p>Figs 2E–G.</p><p>Petalocephala cephalotes Distant 1916: 218 .</p><p>Diagnosis. Female. Crown lateral margins straight for half-length in front of eyes then convergent with broadly rounded apex. Resembling  P. kempi but differs in having the crown slightly shorter than interocular distance whereas in the latter the crown is much longer (1.4 ×) than interocular distance.</p><p>Description. Distant (1916) adequately described the external features of this species. Additional features are as follows. Crown margin yellowish white; median suture not prominent, lateral margins in front of eyes straight for half-length and then convergent, apex broadly rounded; about 0.85× as long medially as interocular distance, about 1.2× as long as median length of pronotum. Pronotum with lateral margins parallel sided. Mesonotum as long as median length of pronotum.</p><p>Material examined.   INDIA: SYNTYPE ♀, “Coonoor, Nilgiri Hills, B.40”, “  Petalocephala cephalotes Dist., type”, “Type”, “ Syntype ” (BMNH)  .</p><p>Remarks. Distant (1916) described this species from unspecified number of specimens (syntypic) with the following data: “Nilgiri Hills; Coonoor (T.V. Campbell)”.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD4400FF909F69FEDEFD15FC82FB4B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	VIRAKTAMATH, C. A.;WEBB, M. D.;YESHWANTH, H. M.	VIRAKTAMATH, C. A., WEBB, M. D., YESHWANTH, H. M. (2025): Leafhopper subfamily Ledrinae of the Indian subcontinent: 2. Genera Digitata Wang, Li & Dai, Latycephala McKamey, Petalocephala Stål and Thlasia Germar (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) with description of six new species. Zootaxa 5623 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5623.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5623.1.1
03FD4400FF909F68FEDEFBBEFEA5FC19.text	03FD4400FF909F68FEDEFBBEFEA5FC19.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Petalocephala chlorocephala (Walker 1851)	<div><p>Petalocephala chlorocephala (Walker)</p><p>Figs 3A–H, 17F–H, 26A–I.</p><p>Ledra chlorocephalus Walker 1851: 825 .</p><p>Petalocephala chlorocephala (Walker): Stål 1862: 494.</p><p>Ledropsis fuscipennis Melichar 1903: 144, pl IV fig. 15. Synonymized by Distant 1908: 166.</p><p>Petalocephala hornei Distant 1908:166 . Syn. nov.</p><p>Diagnosis. Male. Crown with prominent median carina; lateral margins slightly divergent for a very short distance then convergent with angularly rounded apex. Externally resembling  P. viridula Kuoh but differs in lacking marginal reddish-brown marking on crown and pronotum and being much longer. Pygofer with posterodorsal angle acutely produced, with a ventral short process with distal dorsal and ventral angles prolonged. Aedeagus similar to that of  P. fuscomarginata, but with shaft strongly arcuate in basal 0.66, with one pair of short lateral processes before subapical expansion and with pair of apical spine-like processes.</p><p>Description. Distant (1908) adequately redescribed the external features of this species. Additional features are as follows. Crown lateral margins slightly diverging for a short distance then convergent, apex angularly rounded; median carina prominent; about 0.72× as long medially as interocular distance, about as long as median length of pronotum. Pronotum with lateral margins slightly divergent posteriorly with posterior half slightly convex. Mesonotum slightly shorter than median length of pronotum.</p><p>Male genitalia. Pygofer triangular with dorsal margin straight, about 2× as long as height in lateral view, narrowed posteriorly with acute posterodorsal angle, ventral margin notched in distal 0.33 distance where ventral process arises, ventral process short, constricted slightly distad of midlength, with dorsal and ventral short projections, apex truncate. Subgenital plate slightly longer than pygofer (1.1× longer), about 4.5× as long as wide. Style with short anterior apodeme, body slightly broad but as long as apophysis, apophysis almost straight, apically ventrally curved, apex slightly flared. Aedeagus with dorsal apodeme well-developed but short (about 0.25x aedeagal shaft), distally deeply bilobed; shaft elongate, of uniform width and strongly arcuate in basal 0.66, in lateral view, then widened but again narrowed towards apex, with short, prong-like lateral processes near base of subapical expansion on dorsal margin, apex of shaft bilobed with a pair of short horn-like processes extending beyond shaft apex, gonopore subapical.</p><p>Material examined.   INDIA: HOLOTYPE ♂ ( Ledra clorocephalus), “N. India, [18]48 134 on reverse (BMNH register entry for 1848 134: Almorah Mr Warwick)” “Type”, “34.  Ledra chlorocephalus ” “NHMUK 01592225” (BMNH). SYNTYPE ♂ ( Petalocephala honei), “N.W. India, [18]84.38 (BMNH register entry for 1884 38: “ Chiefly N.W. Provinces of India…Collected by the late C. Horne ”, “  Petalocephala hornei Dist. Type ”, “  Type ”, “ Syntype ”, “NHMUK 010592229” (BMNH). Other material. INDIA: 1♂, West Bengal: Algarha nr Kalimpong, 1788m, 7.vi.2005, C.A. Viraktamath (UASB).</p><p>Remarks. Walker (1851) described  P. chlorocephala based on a single specimen (holotype) with data: “a. North India. From Warwick’s collection”. Distant (1908) redescribed the external features of this species and recorded it from Sri Lanka (Pundaluoya). Melichar (1903) described the junior synonym  Ledropsis fuscipennis from an unspecified number of specimens (syntypic) from Sri Lanka “Colombo Neeldandahecna” from his collection. Distant (1908) described  P. hornei based on unspecified number of specimens (syntypic) with the following data: “North-West India (C. Horne, Brit Mus.)” and differentiated it from  P. latifrons Walker by the “more conically rounded vertex, the spotted scutellum &amp;c”. Here  P. hornei is considered a junior synonym of  P. chlorocephala based on the characters of male genitalia. Among the three males examined, the apical pair of spine-like processes vary in their length, being much longer in the specimen from Kalimpong (West Bengal) and shortest in the type of  P. chlorocephala .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD4400FF909F68FEDEFBBEFEA5FC19	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	VIRAKTAMATH, C. A.;WEBB, M. D.;YESHWANTH, H. M.	VIRAKTAMATH, C. A., WEBB, M. D., YESHWANTH, H. M. (2025): Leafhopper subfamily Ledrinae of the Indian subcontinent: 2. Genera Digitata Wang, Li & Dai, Latycephala McKamey, Petalocephala Stål and Thlasia Germar (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) with description of six new species. Zootaxa 5623 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5623.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5623.1.1
03FD4400FF919F68FEDEFB49FC4AF96D.text	03FD4400FF919F68FEDEFB49FC4AF96D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Petalocephala confusa Distant	<div><p>Petalocephala confusa Distant</p><p>Figs 3I–K, 17I.</p><p>Petalocephala confusa Distant 1908: 164 .</p><p>Diagnosis. Female. Externally resembling  P. conica but smaller and posterior margin of female sternite VII different. Lateral margins of pronotum comparatively more divergent posteriorly. Mesonotum shorter than median length of pronotum. Female sternite VII with posterior margin almost straight with median 0.33 concave.</p><p>Description. Distant (1908) adequately described the external features of this species. Additional features are as follows. Crown medially finely carinate; lateral margins in front of eyes convex and convergent, apex conically rounded; about 0.92× as long medially as interocular distance, about 1.38× as long as median length of pronotum. Pronotum with lateral margins slightly divergent, distance between posterolateral angles 1,1×as long as that between anterolateral angles and shorter (0.84×) than mesonotum. Female sternite VII with posterior margin almost straight with median 0.33 concave.</p><p>Material examined.   SRI LANKA: SYNTYPES 1♀, “1167” “Kandy Ceylon 7.02”, “Distant Coll. 1911–383”, “  Petalocephala confusa Dist., type”, “Type”, “ Syntype ” ;  2♀, “Kandy Ceylon 7.02”, “Distant Coll. 1911–383”, “ Syntype ” (all BMNH) .</p><p>Remarks. Distant (1908) described this species based on four females (syntypes) with the data “ Ceylon; Kandy (Green)”. He distinguished this species from  P. conica by its smaller size.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD4400FF919F68FEDEFB49FC4AF96D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	VIRAKTAMATH, C. A.;WEBB, M. D.;YESHWANTH, H. M.	VIRAKTAMATH, C. A., WEBB, M. D., YESHWANTH, H. M. (2025): Leafhopper subfamily Ledrinae of the Indian subcontinent: 2. Genera Digitata Wang, Li & Dai, Latycephala McKamey, Petalocephala Stål and Thlasia Germar (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) with description of six new species. Zootaxa 5623 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5623.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5623.1.1
03FD4400FF919F6BFEDEF85DFE15FC8D.text	03FD4400FF919F6BFEDEF85DFE15FC8D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Petalocephala conica (Walker 1851)	<div><p>Petalocephala conica (Walker)</p><p>Figs 4A–H, 17 JK.</p><p>Ledra conica Walker 1851: 823 .</p><p>Petalocephala conica (Walker): Distant 1908: 164.</p><p>Ledropsis stali Melichar 1903: 143, pl IV fig. 16. Synonymized by Distant 1908: 164. Diagnosis. Female.  P. conica externally resembles  P. confusa but differs in being larger and with differently shaped posterior margin of female sternite VII.</p><p>Description. Female. Pale greenish yellow. Crown medially finely carinate, lateral margins convexly convergent in front of eyes, apex conically rounded; about 0.94× as long medially as interocular distance and about 1.43× as long as median length of pronotum; ocelli about as wide apart from each other as from adjacent eye. Pronotum with lateral margins more or less parallel sided, distance between posterolateral angles 1,05× as long as that between anterolateral angles and shorter (0.77×) than mesonotum. Female sternite VII with posterior margin slightly concave (Fig. 4B).</p><p>Material examined.   SRI LANKA: HOLOTYPE ( Ledra conica) ♀ , “   Ceylon [18]50.56 (on reverse), BMNH register entry for 1850.56: “ Ceylon presented by Joseph Hooker” “ Holotype ” “NHMUK 013590077”. Other material, 1♀, (wrongly labelled as type) “30  Ledra conica ”, “ Ceylon [18]52.62 (on reverse), register entry for 1852 62: “ Ceylon collected by Mr Templeton ”, “NHMUK 010592223”; 1♀,  Kalini Valley, xi.1900; 1♀, Digitalaura, ix.05 (all BMNH)  .   SRI LANKA: SYNTYPE ♀, ( Ledropsis stali) “Pattipola, 2000m ”, “Ceylon, Biro 1902”, “  Ledropsis: stali det. Melichar ”, “22.π” (HNHM)  .</p><p>Remarks. Walker (1851) described this species based on a single specimen (holotype) with the following data: “a. Ceylon. Presented by Dr. Hooker”. Distant (1908) in addition to transferring it to the genus  Petalocephala considered it to be allied to  P. cultellifera and differentiated it from the latter “by the more conical and apically more broadened vertex of the head”. Melichar (1903) described  Ledropsis stali based on an unspecified number of females and two nymphs (syntypic) mentioning specimen(s) in HNMH with collection data “Pattipola, Pattalum, (Museum Budapest)”.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD4400FF919F6BFEDEF85DFE15FC8D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	VIRAKTAMATH, C. A.;WEBB, M. D.;YESHWANTH, H. M.	VIRAKTAMATH, C. A., WEBB, M. D., YESHWANTH, H. M. (2025): Leafhopper subfamily Ledrinae of the Indian subcontinent: 2. Genera Digitata Wang, Li & Dai, Latycephala McKamey, Petalocephala Stål and Thlasia Germar (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) with description of six new species. Zootaxa 5623 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5623.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5623.1.1
03FD4400FF929F6BFEDEFCFDFADCF81D.text	03FD4400FF929F6BFEDEFCFDFADCF81D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Petalocephala cultellifera (Walker 1857)	<div><p>Petalocephala cultellifera (Walker)</p><p>Figs 5A–D, 17L.</p><p>Ledra cultellifera Walker 1857: 98 .</p><p>Ledra punctifera Walker 1858: 249 . Synonymized by Distant 1908: 164.</p><p>Petalocephala cultellifera (Walker): Distant 1908: 164, fig. 109.</p><p>Diagnosis. Female. Largest species of the genus  Petalocephala in the subcontinent measuring more than 18 mm long. Crown medially prominently carinate. Ocelli closer to each other than to adjacent eye. Pronotum with median impressed line; posterolateral margins slightly concave. Female sternite VII posterior margin straight with median 0.25 region deeply concave (Fig. 5C).</p><p>Description. Distant (1908) adequately described and illustrated the external features of this species which measures more than 18 mm long. Additional features are as follows. Greenish ochraceous. Crown with prominent median carina; lateral margins in front of eyes straight for a short distance then convergent, apex conically rounded; 0.73× as long as interocular distance, 1.17× longer than median length of pronotum. Pronotum with lateral margins slightly divergent posteriorly, distance between posterolateral angles 1.08× longer than that of anterolateral angles, 0.89× as long as mesonotum, posterolateral margins adjacent to mesonotum slightly concave. Female sternite VII posterior margin straight with median 0.25 margin deeply concave (Fig. 5C).</p><p>Material examined.   INDIA (West Bengal): HOLOTYPE ♀ (type of  Ledra punctifera), “ Dhargeeling 56 161 (on reverse)”BMNH register entry for1856 161:“India, (Dhargeeling)N.,  Purchased from  Stevens ”, “  Type ”, “ Holotype ”, “NHMUK 013590078” ;   SINGAPORE: SYNTYPE ♀ (type of  Ledra cultellifera), “ Sing ”, “58.60” BMNH register entry for 1858 60: “various localities such as.. N. India, sale of the Entomological Society ”, “  Wallace ”, “  Type ”, “ Syntype ”, “NHMUK 010592226”  .   Other material. INDIA 1♀,  Margherita, Doherty; 3♀, Sikkim (all BMNH); 3♀ , Singapore, N.H. Ridley;  MALAYSIA: 1♀, Perak;   CHINA: 1♀ Hainan,  You Boi, 5.vi.1904 (all BMNH)  .</p><p>Remarks. Walker (1857) described this species based on an unspecified number of specimens (syntypic) with data: “ Singapore ”. Distant (1908) adequately redescribed and illustrated the external features of this species, in addition to recording it from India: West Bengal (Darjeeling, Mangpoo) and also from Malay Peninsula (Perak). He also synonymized  Ledra punctifera from India with this species and the present diagnosis, description and, illustrations are based on the type of  L. punctifera . The material examined (from all areas) appears to be the same species based on a similar shaped pregenital sternite in the female, there being, as yet, no associated males.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD4400FF929F6BFEDEFCFDFADCF81D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	VIRAKTAMATH, C. A.;WEBB, M. D.;YESHWANTH, H. M.	VIRAKTAMATH, C. A., WEBB, M. D., YESHWANTH, H. M. (2025): Leafhopper subfamily Ledrinae of the Indian subcontinent: 2. Genera Digitata Wang, Li & Dai, Latycephala McKamey, Petalocephala Stål and Thlasia Germar (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) with description of six new species. Zootaxa 5623 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5623.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5623.1.1
03FD4400FF939F6AFEDEFFC4FDDAF9A0.text	03FD4400FF939F6AFEDEFFC4FDDAF9A0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Petalocephala fuscomarginata Cai & Kuoh	<div><p>Petalocephala fuscomarginata Cai &amp; Kuoh</p><p>Figs 5E–H, 18 BC, 20J, 21I–L, 27A–G.</p><p>Petalocephala fuscomarginata Cai &amp; Kuoh in Cai &amp; Ge 1992: 118–119, fig.2A–H.</p><p>Diagnosis. Externally resembling  P. viridula . Male pygofer narrowed posteriorly to an acutely rounded posterolateral angle, ventral process in lateral view stout and columnar. Aedeagus in lateral view with shaft sinuate, smoothly dorsally curved, slightly widened distad of half-length then narrowed to pointed apex, with one pair of spine-like subapical process exceeding shaft apex (Fig. 27F).</p><p>Description. Pale yellowish green otherwise very similar to  P. viridula . One female and one male with yellowish mottling as in  P. viridula, crown margin in some males dark fuscous.</p><p>Crown with finely punctate and longitudinally wrinkled, with well-developed median carina, 0.66 (in male) –0.8× (in female) as long as interocular distance, about as long as or longer than median length of pronotum. Ocelli in male closer to each other than to adjacent eye and in female closer to adjacent eye than to each other. Pronotum with disc coarsely transversely rugose-punctate, surrounded by dense punctation; 1.9–2.3× as wide as long medially, lateral margins slightly divergent posteriorly (about 1.2× wider across posterolateral angles of pronotum than across anterolateral angles), posterior margin medially slightly concave. Mesonotum punctate, slightly longer (1.2–1.4×) than median length of pronotum. Female sternite VII with anterior margin slightly concave, about 0.4 × as long medially as wide proximally, posterior margin medially concavely excavated (Fig. 20J).</p><p>Male genitalia. Pygofer triangular with dorsal margin almost straight, about 2.4× as long as height in lateral view, narrowed posteriorly to an acutely rounded posterolateral angle, ventral process in lateral view stout and columnar, in posterior view narrowed distally, apex acute. Subgenital plate about 1.1× length of pygofer in lateral view. Style with short anterior apodeme about 0.45× as long as total length, body broad proximally then narrowed, apophysis abruptly curved ventrally almost at right angle, with apex more or less rounded. Aedeagus in lateral view with shaft sinuate, smoothly dorsally curved, slightly widened distad of half-length then narrowed to pointed apex, with one pair of spine-like subapical process exceeding shaft apex; gonopore apical.</p><p>Female genitalia. Valvula I very similar to that in  P. latifrons (see below) (Figs 21 IJ). Valvula II gradually widened distally, slightly curved dorsally, with proximal prominent tooth proximad of regular toothed area, toothed margin with proximal prominent tooth followed by crenulate margin (Figs 21 KL).</p><p>Measurements. Male 10.0- 10.4 mm long, 3.0- 3.1 mm wide cross eyes and 3.3 mm wide across posterolateral angles of pronotum. Female 13.1mm long, 3.4 mm wide across eyes and 3.8 mm wide across posterolateral angles of pronotum.</p><p>Material examined.   INDIA: Meghalaya, 6♂, 1♀, Ri-Bhoi, ICAR, RC, NEH,  Umiam, 8–10.vi.2013, Yeshwanth, H.M. (UASB) ;   Assam: 1♂, AAU,  Jorhat, 10.ix.1983, at light, V.V. Ramamurthy (NPC) ;   Arunachal Pradesh: 3♀, Basar Dist.  West Siang, 578m, 30.vi.2018, Tahseen, Stuti (NPC)  .</p><p>Remarks. Cai &amp; Kuoh in Cai &amp; Ge (1992) described this species from Yunnan Province, China. It is the first record of the species from the  Indian subcontinent. This species is very similar to  P. viridula in coloration and external structure, but has entirely different male genitalia. The aedeagal shaft is sinuate in  P. fuscomarginata without a subapical process compared to the smoothly curved aedeagus with forked subapical processes in  P. viridula .  P. fuscomarginata has similar male genitalia as in  P. chlorocephala, but differs in not having a spur proximad of the expanded shaft in lateral view, and the ventral pygofer process is stouter and longer compared to the shorter lamellate process in  P. chlorocephala .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD4400FF939F6AFEDEFFC4FDDAF9A0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	VIRAKTAMATH, C. A.;WEBB, M. D.;YESHWANTH, H. M.	VIRAKTAMATH, C. A., WEBB, M. D., YESHWANTH, H. M. (2025): Leafhopper subfamily Ledrinae of the Indian subcontinent: 2. Genera Digitata Wang, Li & Dai, Latycephala McKamey, Petalocephala Stål and Thlasia Germar (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) with description of six new species. Zootaxa 5623 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5623.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5623.1.1
03FD4400FF939F75FEDEF992FC31FE1A.text	03FD4400FF939F75FEDEF992FC31FE1A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Petalocephala glauca (Melichar 1903)	<div><p>Petalocephala glauca (Melichar)</p><p>Figs 6A–D.</p><p>Ledropsis glauca Melichar 1903: 143, pl IV fig. 13.</p><p>Petalocephala glauca (Melichar): Distant 1908: 165.</p><p>Diagnosis. Female. Shining white with greenish yellow tinge, crown submargin bordered with faint orange. Pronotum with posterolateral margin adjacent to mesonotum strongly concave making the margin bordering mesonotum an angularly projected structure. Female sternite VII posterior margin slightly concave (Fig. 6C).</p><p>Description. Female. Shining white with greenish yellow tinge, crown submargin bordered with faint orange, median carina fine, lateral margins in front of eyes convergent, apex angularly rounded; 0.91× as long as interocular distance, 1.39× as long as pronotum. Pronotum lateral margins slightly divergent posteriorly, distance between posterolateral angles 1.08× as long as that of anterolateral angles, posterolateral margin adjacent to mesonotum concave, margin adjacent to mesonotum projected angularly, 0.74 as long as mesonotum. Female sternite VII posterior margin slightly concave (Fig. 6C).</p><p>Material examined. None, except for images of syntype from Puttalam.</p><p>Remarks. Melichar (1903) described this species based on two females (syntypes) with data “Peradeniya, Juli 1900 (Type jn Kirkaldy’s Sammlung). Puttalam (Museum Budapest)”.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD4400FF939F75FEDEF992FC31FE1A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	VIRAKTAMATH, C. A.;WEBB, M. D.;YESHWANTH, H. M.	VIRAKTAMATH, C. A., WEBB, M. D., YESHWANTH, H. M. (2025): Leafhopper subfamily Ledrinae of the Indian subcontinent: 2. Genera Digitata Wang, Li & Dai, Latycephala McKamey, Petalocephala Stål and Thlasia Germar (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) with description of six new species. Zootaxa 5623 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5623.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5623.1.1
03FD4400FF8C9F75FEDEFD4AFD12FAEA.text	03FD4400FF8C9F75FEDEFD4AFD12FAEA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Petalocephala hearsayi Distant	<div><p>Petalocephala hearsayi Distant</p><p>Figs. 6E–H.</p><p>Petalocephala hearsayi Distant 1908: 163 .</p><p>Diagnosis. Female. Externally resembling  P. bicolor but lacking marginal brown border to crown, pronotum and claval suture. Crown medially as long as interocular distance, more strongly convergent in front of eyes and apex more narrowly angled compared to that in  P. bicolor . Abdominal sternites broadly posteriorly and in some segments laterally bordered by dark brown; female sternite VII posterior margin straight (Fig. 6G).</p><p>Description. Distant (1908) adequately described the external features of this species. Additional features are as follows. Abdominal sternites broadly posteriorly and in some segments laterally bordered by dark brown. Crown medially carinate, lateral margin straight for very short distance in front of eyes then strongly convergent, apex narrowly and bluntly angled, lateral margins straight; 1.02× as long as interocular width and 1.32× as long as median length of pronotum. Ocelli closer to each other than to adjacent eye. Pronotal lateral margins strongly divergent posteriorly, distance between posterolateral angles 1.2× as long as that between anterolateral angles, 0.74× as long as mesonotum, posterolateral margins adjacent to mesonotum straight. Female sternite VII posterior margin almost straight (Fig. 6G).</p><p>Material examined.   INDIA: HOLOTYPE ♀, E[ast] Ind[ia], [18]61 83 (on reverse), register entry: “India (Barrackpore) Sir John Hearsay” “  Petalocephala hearsay Dist. Type”, “Type”, “ Holotype ”, “NHMUK 010592228” ;  PARATYPE sex unknown (abdomen missing), “ Sikkim ”; 1♀, Kurseong, 5000’, 10-26.ix.1909 (all BMNH) .</p><p>Remarks. Distant (1908) described this species based on an unknown number of specimens with data: “Sikhim (coll. Dist.)” and a single specimen with data: “Barrackpore (Sir Jno. Hearsay, Brit. Mus.)”. He also designated the specimen from Barrackpore as the holotype.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD4400FF8C9F75FEDEFD4AFD12FAEA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	VIRAKTAMATH, C. A.;WEBB, M. D.;YESHWANTH, H. M.	VIRAKTAMATH, C. A., WEBB, M. D., YESHWANTH, H. M. (2025): Leafhopper subfamily Ledrinae of the Indian subcontinent: 2. Genera Digitata Wang, Li & Dai, Latycephala McKamey, Petalocephala Stål and Thlasia Germar (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) with description of six new species. Zootaxa 5623 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5623.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5623.1.1
03FD4400FF8C9F74FEDEFADAFD72FF05.text	03FD4400FF8C9F74FEDEFADAFD72FF05.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Petalocephala insignis Distant	<div><p>Petalocephala insignis Distant</p><p>Figs 6I–K.</p><p>Petalocephala insignis Distant 1908: 167–168, Fig. 111.</p><p>Diagnosis. Female.Very distinctively marked species: crown margin marked with narrow dark reddish brown border, median stripe extending to anterior half-length along median carina, lateral margins of pronotum dark brown, face dorsal margin reddish brown, a median slightly arrow-head shaped stripe extending from dorsal margin to lateral of antennal bases black; forewing with subcostal longitudinal dark reddish brown band extending to basal 0.66 distance and distally curved mesally and fading towards vein M. Crown lateral margins convergent in front of eyes, apex conically rounded, median carina prominent. Sternite VII deeply concavely excavated in middle (Fig. 6J).</p><p>Description. Distant (1908) adequately described and illustrated the external features of this species.Additional features are as follows. Crown median carina prominent; 0.77× as long as interocular distance; 1.23× as long as pronotum. Pronotal lateral margins strongly diverging, distance between posterolateral angles 1.22× as long as that between anterolateral angles; 0.6× as long as mesonotum. Female sternite VII deeply concavely excavated in middle (Fig. 6J).</p><p>Material examined.   INDIA: SYNTYPE ♀, “ Sikkim ”, “127”, “Atkinson Coll. [18]92-6, “  Petalocephala insignis Dist. Type ”, “  Type ”, “ Syntype ”, “NHMUK 010592230” (BMNH)  .</p><p>Remarks. Distant (1908) described this species based on an unspecified number of female specimens (syntypic) with data “Sikhim [sic] (Atkinson Coll., Brit. Mus.)”.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD4400FF8C9F74FEDEFADAFD72FF05	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	VIRAKTAMATH, C. A.;WEBB, M. D.;YESHWANTH, H. M.	VIRAKTAMATH, C. A., WEBB, M. D., YESHWANTH, H. M. (2025): Leafhopper subfamily Ledrinae of the Indian subcontinent: 2. Genera Digitata Wang, Li & Dai, Latycephala McKamey, Petalocephala Stål and Thlasia Germar (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) with description of six new species. Zootaxa 5623 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5623.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5623.1.1
03FD4400FF8D9F74FEDEFE75FD3EFC4F.text	03FD4400FF8D9F74FEDEFE75FD3EFC4F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Petalocephala kempi Pruthi	<div><p>Petalocephala kempi Pruthi</p><p>Figs 7A–C.</p><p>Petalocephala kempi Pruthi 1936: 101, fig. 116, pl VIII fig 1.</p><p>Diagnosis. Female. Crown about 1.5× as long as interocular distance, 2× as long as median length of pronotum, median carina prominent, lateral margins in front of eyes more or less straight and apex broadly rounded. Pronotum and mesonotum with dark brown patches, thoracic and abdominal sternites with reddish patches. Forewing with numerous cross veins. Sternite VII with almost straight posterior margin.</p><p>Description. Female. Pruthi (196) adequately described the external features of this species. Crown with median carina prominent, lateral margins more or less straight then convergent, apex broadly rounded; 1.5× as long as interocular width; 2.0× as long as median length of pronotum. Pronotal lateral margins slightly divergent, distance between posterolateral angles 1.07× as long as that between anterolateral angles; 0.9× as long as mesonotum. Sternite VII posterior margin almost straight.</p><p>Material examined.   INDIA: Tamil Nadu: Paratype 1♀, “  Kodaikanal, 6700–7000 ft, Palni Hills, ix.1922, S. Kemp ”, “ Paratype ”, “5381/H7” (ZSI)  .</p><p>Remarks. Pruthi (1936) described this species based on holotype and two paratype female specimens from Kodaikanal. The holotype is probably missing.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD4400FF8D9F74FEDEFE75FD3EFC4F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	VIRAKTAMATH, C. A.;WEBB, M. D.;YESHWANTH, H. M.	VIRAKTAMATH, C. A., WEBB, M. D., YESHWANTH, H. M. (2025): Leafhopper subfamily Ledrinae of the Indian subcontinent: 2. Genera Digitata Wang, Li & Dai, Latycephala McKamey, Petalocephala Stål and Thlasia Germar (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) with description of six new species. Zootaxa 5623 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5623.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5623.1.1
03FD4400FF8D9F74FEDEFCA2FB92F837.text	03FD4400FF8D9F74FEDEFCA2FB92F837.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Petalocephala latifrons (Walker 1851) Walker	<div><p>Petalocephala latifrons (Walker)</p><p>Figs 7D–J, 18D–F, 20K, 21M–P, 28A–H.</p><p>Ledra latifrons Walker 1851: 824 .</p><p>Petalocephala latifrons (Walker): Stål 1862, 494; Distant 1908: 166, fig. 110.</p><p>Destinoides latifrons (Walker): Sun et al. 2014: 80, figs 1–9.</p><p>Destinoides fasciata Cai &amp; He 2000:57-58, fig. 13-1, synonymized by Sun et al. 2014: 80.</p><p>Diagnosis. Male pygofer elongate, triangular about 2.7× as long as height in lateral view, with one prong-like short ventral process that does not reach dorsal margin. Male style with ventrally abruptly directed apical part acutely pointed with subapical tooth and with a tuft of short setae at the point of ventral bend. Aedeagal shaft with one pair of short dorsally directed lateral processes and one unpaired median process on dorsal surface near apex. This species closely resembles  P. conspicua (Distant) described from Singapore that differs in lacking the lateral paired subapical processes of the aedeagus. Female sternite VII with straight anterior margin, lateral margins straight slightly convergent posteriorly, posterior margin rounded laterally, medially concavely excavated much more deeply than in the similar  P. uniformis (Fig. 20K).</p><p>Female genitalia. Valvula I slightly curved dorsally, narrow in mid-region, sculptured area occupying distal 0.33 area, sculpturing strigate, strigae narrow proximally occupying half-width in distal half-length of sculptured area (Figs 21 MN). Valvula II much straighter than valvula I, narrow in proximal 0.33 distance then more or less of uniform width, without prominent tooth before start of regular toothed area (Fig. 21 OP).</p><p>Material examined.   HOLOTYPE ♂, “367”, “31 [on reverse]”, “  Ledra latifrons ”, “Type” (BMNH)  . Other material.  INDIA: Meghalaya: 1♂, Ri-Bhoi, ICAR RC NEH, Umiam, 1031m, 8.vi.2013, Yeshwanth, H.M. (UASB);  Assam: 1♂, Golaghat, Konar, 15.v.2015, at light, Shivaprakash, T.H.M. (NBAIR);  Tripura: 1♂, Chabimuna, 15.v.2010, D. Lashkar;  1♂, Trishna, 6.i.2009, D. Laskar (UASB);   1♂, Honat, 2200 m,  Tehrigarhwal 12.x.1988, Swept from grasses, V.V. Ramamurthy (NPC)  .</p><p>Remarks. This species was described from a single specimen (holotype). Distant (1908) adequately redescribed the external features of this species and Sun et al. (2014) illustrated the male genitalia.  P. latifrons,  P. nigrilinea (Walker) and  P. uniformis males resemble each other and have similar color pattern including cinnamon brown markings on forewings, however, they have different male genitalia structures.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD4400FF8D9F74FEDEFCA2FB92F837	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	VIRAKTAMATH, C. A.;WEBB, M. D.;YESHWANTH, H. M.	VIRAKTAMATH, C. A., WEBB, M. D., YESHWANTH, H. M. (2025): Leafhopper subfamily Ledrinae of the Indian subcontinent: 2. Genera Digitata Wang, Li & Dai, Latycephala McKamey, Petalocephala Stål and Thlasia Germar (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) with description of six new species. Zootaxa 5623 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5623.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5623.1.1
03FD4400FF8E9F77FEDEFFC4FC92FA85.text	03FD4400FF8E9F77FEDEFFC4FC92FA85.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Petalocephala nauniensis VIRAKTAMATH & WEBB & YESHWANTH 2025	<div><p>Petalocephala nauniensis sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 8 AB, 18G, 29A–G.</p><p>Diagnosis. Externally resembling  Yelahanka granulosa (Distant), however, forewing claval veins separate, not fused or connected with cross vein. Male pygofer triangular, narrowed posteriorly and posteriorly conically rounded, ventral process blade-like, pointed apically with dorsal convexly rounded lobe subapically. Style apex ventrally directed, apically slightly widened. Aedeagus without preatrium and well-developed dorsal apodeme, shaft long slightly curved dorsally in proximal half then straight, apex rounded and membranous gonopore indistinct, with one pair of ventrolateral subapical horn-like processes directed in same direction as shaft and exceeding its apex.</p><p>Description. Green, outer claval vein brown. Crown as in  Yelahanka granulosa, half as long medially as interocular distance, 0.8× as long as median length of pronotum, punctate, lateral margins straight but slightly convergent to a length of about 0.6 crown length then mesally convergent, apex obtusely angled. Ocelli about as close to each other as to the adjacent eye. Pronotum with disc rugose punctate rest punctate, 2.4× as wide as long medially, lateral margins posteriorly divergent distance between posterolateral angles 1.2× greater than distance between anterolateral angles, anterior margin slightly convex and posterior margin medially concave. Mesonotum about as long as median length of pronotum. Forewing with outer claval veins separate, neither fused nor connected by cross vein, outer claval vein ridge-like, subapical and apical cells with number of accessory cross veins dividing them into smaller cells.</p><p>Male genitalia. Male pygofer triangular, 1.5× as long laterally as height, narrowed posteriorly and posteriorly conically rounded, ventral process blade-like, pointed apically with dorsal convexly rounded lobe subapically. Style with short anterior apodeme (about 0.33× as long as style), More or less broad throughout length, and narrowed subapically and apex ventrally directed with slightly constricted base and then flared apical rounded lobe. Aedeagus without preatrium and well-developed dorsal apodeme about 0.36 as long as shaft, shaft long slightly curved dorsally in proximal half then straight, apex slightly widened and rounded, membranous, with one pair of ventrolateral subapical horn-like processes directed in the same direction as shaft and exceeding its apex, gonopore indistinct.</p><p>Female not known.</p><p>Measurements. Male 8.6 mm long, 2.6 mm wide across eyes and 3.0 mm wide across posterolateral angles of pronotum.</p><p>Material examined.   HOLOTYPE ♂, INDIA: Himachal Pradesh,  Nauni, 3.vii.2016, Rajgopal, N.N. (NPC).</p><p>Etymology. The species is named after the type locality (Nauni) where the holotype specimen was collected.</p><p>Remarks.  P. nauniensis sp. nov. has similar aedeagus and style as in  P. balehonnurensis but has much shorter crown and more densely punctate head and thorax compared to the latter species.  P. chlorocephala and  P. nigrilinea (see below) also have apical horn-like processes on the aedeagal shaft but differ from  P. nauniensis in the shape of the pygofer process and curvature of the aedeagal shaft.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD4400FF8E9F77FEDEFFC4FC92FA85	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	VIRAKTAMATH, C. A.;WEBB, M. D.;YESHWANTH, H. M.	VIRAKTAMATH, C. A., WEBB, M. D., YESHWANTH, H. M. (2025): Leafhopper subfamily Ledrinae of the Indian subcontinent: 2. Genera Digitata Wang, Li & Dai, Latycephala McKamey, Petalocephala Stål and Thlasia Germar (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) with description of six new species. Zootaxa 5623 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5623.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5623.1.1
03FD4400FF8E9F76FEDEFAF4FBC3FD1D.text	03FD4400FF8E9F76FEDEFAF4FBC3FD1D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Petalocephala nigrilinea (Walker 1857)	<div><p>Petalocephala nigrilinea (Walker)</p><p>Figs 8C–F, 18 H, 30A–D.</p><p>Ledra nigrilinea Walker 1857: 98 .</p><p>Ledropsis dimidiata Stål 1858: 452: Synonymised by Stål 1866: 104.</p><p>Petalocephala nigrilinea (Walker): Distant 1908: 168–169.</p><p>Diagnosis. Male. Externally very similar to males of  P. latifrons,  P. uniformis and  P. kirbyi but differing in male genitalia characters. Male pygofer with ventral process. Style apex ventrally curved at right angle distally narrowed with acute apex and with group of short setae as in  P. latifrons . Aedeagus tubular, curved, narrowed distally, with angular subapical projection dorsally, without lateral processes, but with one pair of short horn-like processes apically, gonopore apical. It differs from  P. latifrons and  P. uniformis in not having lateral processes on aedeagal shaft and  P. kirbyi differs from it in not having any processes on the aedeagal shaft.</p><p>Description. Male. Distant (1908) adequately redescribed the external features of this species. Externally resembling  P. latifrons and  P. uniformis in coloration and structure. Additional features are as follows. Crown 0.56× as long as interocular distance, o.83× as long as pronotum medially. Pronotal lateral margins slightly diverging posteriorly, distance between posterolateral angles 1.1× longer than that between anterolateral angles and 0.86× as long as mesonotum.</p><p>Male genitalia. Pygofer posteriorly conically rounded with ventral process extending to dorsal margin. Subgenital plate longer than pygofer in lateral view. Style in lateral view more or less of uniform width, distal apex curved ventrally at right angle and tapered distally to acute angle, with a patch of short setae as in  P. latifrons, but without a subapical tooth.Aedeagus directed posteriorly in proximal region and curved dorsally, abruptly widened in distal 0.33 region with angular projection on dorsolateral surface, then slightly narrowed with one pair of subapical process arising on ventral surface and extending beyond apex of shaft, slightly divergent apically, gonopore apical.</p><p>Material examined.   SINGAPORE: SYNTYPE 1♂, “Sing.[Singapore]”, “684”, “Wallace”, “Type”, “ Syntype ”,  “ nigrilinea Walk. ” “NHMUK 010592232” (BMNH)  .</p><p>Remarks. Walker (1857) described this species from an unknown number of male specimens (syntypic) from “ Singapore ”. Distant (1908) adequately redescribed the external features of this species and recorded it from Nilgiri Hills and Sri Lanka. However, it is likely that the latter may be misidentifications of  P. uniformis as both the species externally closely resemble each other but have different male genitalia; male pygofer in  P. nigrilinea has a ventral process (absent in  P. uniformis) and aedeagal shaft does not have short lateral triangular process (present in  P. uniformis) but has a pair of apical dorsally directed processes (absent in  P. uniformis).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD4400FF8E9F76FEDEFAF4FBC3FD1D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	VIRAKTAMATH, C. A.;WEBB, M. D.;YESHWANTH, H. M.	VIRAKTAMATH, C. A., WEBB, M. D., YESHWANTH, H. M. (2025): Leafhopper subfamily Ledrinae of the Indian subcontinent: 2. Genera Digitata Wang, Li & Dai, Latycephala McKamey, Petalocephala Stål and Thlasia Germar (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) with description of six new species. Zootaxa 5623 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5623.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5623.1.1
03FD4400FF8F9F71FEDEFC4DFAF7FF05.text	03FD4400FF8F9F71FEDEFC4DFAF7FF05.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Petalocephala perductalis (Kirby 1891)	<div><p>Petalocephala perductalis (Kirby)</p><p>Figs 8G–L, 18I, 30E–H.</p><p>Clovia perductalis Kirby 1891: 161, pl V fig.2.</p><p>Petalocephala perductalis (Kirby): Melichar 1903: 145, pl IV figs 11, 11a.</p><p>Diagnosis. Distinctly colored: dorsally chocolate brown with median stripe extending slightly before apex of crown to pronotum and mesonotum, tapering anteriorly on crown and posteriorly on mesonotum; ventral surface greenish yellow. Male genitalia resembling those of  P. signata and  P. kirbyi in that the aedeagal shaft not having any processes and apical region more or less membranous. In both  P. signata and  P. kirbyi pygofer ventral process does not attain dorsal margin but in  P. perductalis it exceeds dorsal margin; style in  P. perductalis abruptly ventrally curved at right angle and slightly narrowed distally with conically rounded apex. In  P. kirbyi, style is bent ventrally at right angle but barrowed and sinuate, but in  P. signata it is not ventrally curved.</p><p>Description. Male. Distant (1908) adequately redescribed the external features of this species. It has very distinctive coloration: dorsally chocolate brown with median stripe extending slightly before apex of crown to pronotum and mesonotum, tapering anteriorly on crown and posteriorly on mesonotum, mesoscutum orange; ventral surface greenish yellow. Crown lateral margin in front of eyes straight for a short distance then convergent, apex obtusely angled, median carina fine; 0.64×as long as interocular distance; 1.2× as long as medial length of pronotum. Ocelli closer to each other than to adjacent eye. Pronotal lateral margins divergent, distance between posterolateral angles 1.2× as long as that between anterolateral angles; 0.83× as long as mesonotum. Female. Similarly colored as male. Crown longer and more conically rounded; 0.96× as long as interocular distance, 1.28× as long as pronotum. Ocelli closer to each other than to adjacent eye. Pronotal lateral margins slightly divergent; distance between posterolateral angles 1.8× as long as that between anterolateral angles; 0.8× as long as mesonotum.</p><p>Male genitalia. Pygofer 1.4× longer than height in lateral view, ventral margin convex, with ventral process along posterior margin that exceeds dorsal margin slightly. Style in lateral view widest at basal 0.33 than narrowed distally, apically curved ventrally at right angles, dorsal margin straight, ventral margin concave, apex bluntly angled. Aedeagus tubular, with well-developed dorsal apodeme, shaft broad basally in lateral view, narrowed till midlength then broadened, distad of midlength dorsal surface sclerotized but sclerotization not extending to apex, ventral surface laterally sclerotized in mid region, apex of shaft membranous with median and lateral lobes, gonopore apical.</p><p>Material examined.   SRI LANKA: SYNTYPE ♂, “Pundaloya, Ceylon”, “104”, “  Clovia perductalis Kb., type, figd.”, “Type”, “ Syntype ”, “NHMUK” (BMNH)  . Other material. 1♀, Kandy, 6.1910, 2778, Distant Coll. 1911-383;  2♀, Green coll. (all BMNH) .</p><p>Remarks. Based on the variable length given in the description (9-11mm) this species was described from at least two specimens (syntypic) with data “Pundaloya”. Kirby (1891) adequately described the external features of this species but placed it in the genus  Clovia Stål ( Aphrophoridae). Melichar (1903) also redescribed the species and transferred it to the genus  Ledropsis White. Finally, Distant (1908) transferred it to the genus  Petalocephala and noted that “The brilliant and unique coloration of this species renders its recognition a matter of no difficulty”.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD4400FF8F9F71FEDEFC4DFAF7FF05	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	VIRAKTAMATH, C. A.;WEBB, M. D.;YESHWANTH, H. M.	VIRAKTAMATH, C. A., WEBB, M. D., YESHWANTH, H. M. (2025): Leafhopper subfamily Ledrinae of the Indian subcontinent: 2. Genera Digitata Wang, Li & Dai, Latycephala McKamey, Petalocephala Stål and Thlasia Germar (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) with description of six new species. Zootaxa 5623 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5623.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5623.1.1
03FD4400FF889F71FEDEFE75FAE8FCA6.text	03FD4400FF889F71FEDEFE75FAE8FCA6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Petalocephala remota (Melichar 1903)	<div><p>Petalocephala remota (Melichar)</p><p>Figs 9A–D, 18J, 31A–I.</p><p>Ledropsis remota Melichar 1903: 144, Taf. IV fig. 17.</p><p>Petalocephala remota (Melichar): Distant 1908: 170.</p><p>Diagnosis. Male externally resembling male  P. uniformis, but uniformly yellowish green without lateral marginal brown markings on head pronotum and markings on forewings. Male genitalia similar to that in  P. uniformis but differing in having median area of style very broad, aedeagus lacking median sclerotized plate present in  P. uniformis .</p><p>Remarks. Melichar (1903) described this species based on holotype male with collection data: “Henaratgoda, 16 Februar 1902 1 examplar ♀ von Dr. Uzel erbeutet.”. There is a single male holotype specimen of this species in MMB as also mentioned by Webb et al. (1990) which was examined and imaged by Dr I. Malenovsky. Melichar misidentified the sex of the holotype. The male pygofer is with a very short ventral process (Figs 31 AB). The style is broad slightly distad of articulation with connective and then narrowed distally, apex bent vertically downwards. Aedeagus tubular with well-developed dorsal apodeme, apex widened, shaft membranous, more distal subapical pair of lobes exceed and converge medially beyond apex of median lobe of shaft which is without sclerotized plate.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD4400FF889F71FEDEFE75FAE8FCA6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	VIRAKTAMATH, C. A.;WEBB, M. D.;YESHWANTH, H. M.	VIRAKTAMATH, C. A., WEBB, M. D., YESHWANTH, H. M. (2025): Leafhopper subfamily Ledrinae of the Indian subcontinent: 2. Genera Digitata Wang, Li & Dai, Latycephala McKamey, Petalocephala Stål and Thlasia Germar (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) with description of six new species. Zootaxa 5623 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5623.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5623.1.1
03FD4400FF889F70FEDEFC94FA02FDB1.text	03FD4400FF889F70FEDEFC94FA02FDB1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Petalocephala sahyadrica VIRAKTAMATH & WEBB & YESHWANTH 2025	<div><p>Petalocephala sahyadrica sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 9E–I, 18 KL, 20EL, 22AD, 32A–H.</p><p>Diagnosis. Externally similar to  P. fuscomarginata but without marginal reddish coloration on crown and yellow mottling on head, thorax and forewings. Male pygofer with posterodorsal angle less acute (compared to that in  P. fuscomarginata), with ventral lamellate process (stout and not lamellate in  P. fuscomarginata). Aedeagal shaft with narrow short proximal region, then widened distally in lateral view, apex bilobed, with median sclerotized rod-like process on dorsal surface.</p><p>Description. Uniformly pale green, preserved specimens with brownish tinge, much more so on forewing and upper part of face dorsad of eyes.</p><p>Male. Crown punctate, with very weak median longitudinal carina, medially about 0.7×as long as interocular distance, slightly shorter (about 0.9×) than median length of pronotum; lateral margins in front of eyes straight for about 0.6 length then convexly curved, without apical distinct angle. Ocelli closer adjacent eye than to each other. Pronotum anterior margin slightly convexly curved, anterior width near eyes slightly narrower than width of head including eyes, diverging slightly posteriorly (posterolateral angles 1.1× wider than distance between anterolateral angles), posterior margin medially slightly concave. Mesonotum slightly shorter than median length of pronotum. Forewings with claval veins separate, outer claval veins not prominent, subapical cells with one or two accessory cross veins. Metabasitarsomere with 5 platellae on apical transverse row (Fig. 20E).</p><p>Female. Coloration similar to that in male. Crown about as long as interocular distance (1.1× as long), 1.5× as long as pronotum and lateral margins in front of eyes slightly convergent and anteriorly conically rounded, with weak median carina. Ocelli slightly close to each other than to adjacent eye. Pronotum about 2.1× as wide as long. Other characters as in male. Sternite VII anterior margin slightly concave, about 0.4× as long medially as wide proximally, posterior margin with lateral angles rounded, medially concavely excavated (Fig. 20L).</p><p>Male genitalia. Pygofer more or less triangular, with acutely angled posterodorsal angle, in ventral view about as long as height, ventral process lamellate, with dorsal and ventral projections. Subgenital plate about 1.5× as long as pygofer, in lateral view. Style with anterior apodeme 0.33× as long as total length of style, widest proximad of midlength, then gradually narrowed, apophysis more or less of uniform width, more or less straight, apex truncate, with its ventral slightly more projected than dorsal one, dorsal surface with series of short thin widely spaced setae. Aedeagus with dorsal apodeme stout, more or less quadrangular about 0.33× as long as shaft, shaft with proximal narrowed short section then suddenly widened, then gradually widened distally in lateral view, in ventral view more or less of uniform width, apex of shaft in ventral view bilobed, with median rod-like sclerotized median process; gonopore apical.</p><p>Female genitalia. Valvula I dorsally curved, with sculptured area occupying more than half-length distally, strigae oblique occupying half-length in distal 0.33 of sculptured area (Figs 22 AB). Valvula II dorsally curved, toothed area occupying distal 0.33 length, teeth consisting of two sizes three large (including proximal one) alternating with three small teeth (Figs 22 CD).</p><p>Measurements. Male 6.1–6.4 mm long, and 1.9 mm wide across eyes. Female 8.4 mm long and 2.2 mm wide across eyes.</p><p>Material examined.   HOLOTYPE ♂, INDIA: Kerala,  Thekkady, 27.iii.1977, C.A. Viraktamath (UASB)  .  Paratypes: 1♂, 1♀, same data as for holotype (UASB) .</p><p>Etymology. The species name refers to the Sanskrit name for Western Ghats,  Sahyadri, where the species lives.</p><p>Remarks. This species is very similar in shape to  P. fuscomarginata but differs as mentioned in the diagnosis.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD4400FF889F70FEDEFC94FA02FDB1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	VIRAKTAMATH, C. A.;WEBB, M. D.;YESHWANTH, H. M.	VIRAKTAMATH, C. A., WEBB, M. D., YESHWANTH, H. M. (2025): Leafhopper subfamily Ledrinae of the Indian subcontinent: 2. Genera Digitata Wang, Li & Dai, Latycephala McKamey, Petalocephala Stål and Thlasia Germar (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) with description of six new species. Zootaxa 5623 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5623.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5623.1.1
03FD4400FF899F70FEDEFDE1FD12FA9F.text	03FD4400FF899F70FEDEFDE1FD12FA9F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Petalocephala subaquila Distant	<div><p>Petalocephala subaquila Distant</p><p>Figs 10A–D, 19A.</p><p>Petalocephala subaquila Distant 1908: 169 .</p><p>Diagnosis. Female. Crown medially longer than interocular distance. It closely resembles  P. balehonnurensis but lacks the median dark brown maculate stripe extending from crown to mesonotum.  P. kempi also has crown longer than interocular distance and  P. subaquila differs from it in having very finely punctate crown surface and lateral margins converged right in front of eyes compared to parallel sided crown lateral margins in the former species.</p><p>Description. Distant (1908) adequately described the external features of this species. Additional features are as follows. Crown lateral margins slightly concave in front of eyes, apex conically rounded, median carina prominent; 1.4× as long as interocular distance, 1.4× as long medially as pronotum. Ocelli slightly closer to adjacent eyes than to each other. Pronotal lateral margins divergent posteriorly, distance between posterolateral angles 1.19× as long as that between anterolateral angles; 1.16× as long as pronotum. Sternite VII posterior margin almost straight with median concavity (Fig. 10C).</p><p>Material examined.   MYANMAR: SYNTYPE ♀, “Ruby Mines (Doherty)”, “Distant Coll.1911-383”,  “ subaquila Dist., type”, “Type”, “ Syntype ”, “NHMUK 010592234” (BMNH)  .</p><p>Remarks. Distant (1908) described this species based on an unspecified number of female specimens (syntypic) with data: “ Burma; Ruby Mines (Doherty)”.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD4400FF899F70FEDEFDE1FD12FA9F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	VIRAKTAMATH, C. A.;WEBB, M. D.;YESHWANTH, H. M.	VIRAKTAMATH, C. A., WEBB, M. D., YESHWANTH, H. M. (2025): Leafhopper subfamily Ledrinae of the Indian subcontinent: 2. Genera Digitata Wang, Li & Dai, Latycephala McKamey, Petalocephala Stål and Thlasia Germar (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) with description of six new species. Zootaxa 5623 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5623.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5623.1.1
03FD4400FF899F73FEDEFAF2FD2BFEB5.text	03FD4400FF899F73FEDEFAF2FD2BFEB5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Petalocephala umbrosa Distant	<div><p>Petalocephala umbrosa Distant</p><p>Figs 10E–H, 19B.</p><p>Petalocephala umbrosa Distant 1908: 165 .</p><p>Diagnosis. Female. Crown yellowish green with lateral margins narrowly carmine red as in  P. viridula (see below). Sternite VII slightly posteriorly broadly produced medially with straight margin (Fig. 10G).</p><p>Description. Distant (1908) adequately described the external features of this species. Additional features are as follows. Crown lateral margins in front of eyes converging anteriorly, apex angularly rounded, median longitudinal carina prominent; 0.82× as long as interocular distance; 1.07× as long as pronotum medially. Ocelli about as close to each as to adjacent eye. Pronotal lateral margins slightly divergent posteriorly, distance between posterolateral angles 1.14× as that between anterolateral angles; medially longitudinally finely carinae; 0.93× as long as mesonotum. Sternite VII slightly posteriorly broadly produced medially with straight margin (Fig. 10G).</p><p>Material examined.   INDIA: Assam: SYNTYPE ♀, “Margherita (Doherty)”,  “ umbrosa Dist., type”, “Type”, “ Syntype ”, “Distant Coll. 1911-383”, “NHMUK 010592237” ;  SYNTYPES 3♀, “Nilgiri Hampson”, “Distant Coll. 191-383”, “ Syntype ”; 1♀, “Utakamund”, “Atkinson Coll. [18]92-6”, “ Syntype ” (all BMNH) .  Additional material. INDIA 5♀, Nilgiri Hills, Lovedale, of which 2♀ are T.V. Campbell, B.M. 1928-478 (all BMNH) .</p><p>Remarks. Distant (1908) described this species based on an unspecified number of female specimens (syntypic) with data “Nilgiri Hills (Hampson); Utakamund (Brit. Mus,); Bombay: Igatpuri (Lefroy); Assam; Margherita (Doherty)”. The crown of female  P. bicolor,  P. hearsayi,  P. perductalis and  P. umbrosa are similar in having angularly rounded apex, but they differ in their proportions and coloration.  P. umbrasa has similar carmine red narrow marginal coloration of crown as in  L. viridula, but the lateral margins of  P. umbrosa are more or less straight, but those of  L. viridula are more or less convex.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD4400FF899F73FEDEFAF2FD2BFEB5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	VIRAKTAMATH, C. A.;WEBB, M. D.;YESHWANTH, H. M.	VIRAKTAMATH, C. A., WEBB, M. D., YESHWANTH, H. M. (2025): Leafhopper subfamily Ledrinae of the Indian subcontinent: 2. Genera Digitata Wang, Li & Dai, Latycephala McKamey, Petalocephala Stål and Thlasia Germar (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) with description of six new species. Zootaxa 5623 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5623.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5623.1.1
03FD4400FF8A9F7DFEDEFEE5FA06FF1A.text	03FD4400FF8A9F7DFEDEFEE5FA06FF1A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Petalocephala uniformis Distant. A - D 1908	<div><p>Petalocephala uniformis Distant</p><p>Figs 11A–G, 12A–H, 13A–D, 19C–H, 20 MN, 22E–L, 33A–H, 34A–E, 41A–E.</p><p>Petalocephala uniformis Distant 1908: 165 .</p><p>Petalocephala bombayensis 1912: 441; 1918: 219, synonymized by Pruthi 1934: 3, pl 1, figs 1–2.</p><p>Petalocephala conspicua Jones &amp; Deitz 2009: 117, Pl. 16H, not Distant 1907, misidentification.</p><p>Diagnosis. Sexually dimorphic in both coloration and shape of the head. Males externally resembling male  P. latifrons in coloration and head shape; forewing variously marked with reddish bronzy brown, either entirely or partially, sometimes confined to clavus and inner margins of corium. Female uniformly green, some specimens with coloration similar to that in male but with reduced markings on forewing. Male pygofer without ventral process. Aedeagus with well-developed dorsal apodeme; shaft curved dorsally proximally, widened distally slightly beyond midlength then narrowed, with lateral lamellate processes one on each side distally broad and rather truncate, dorsal surface near apex sclerotized and apex angularly pointed, flanked by two membranous lobes, gonopore apical.</p><p>Description. Sexually dimorphic in both coloration and shape of head. Males externally resembling male  P. latifrons in coloration and head shape. Forewing variously marked with reddish bronzy brown, either entirely or partially, sometimes confined to clavus and inner margins of corium. Female uniformly green, some specimens with coloration similar to that in male but with reduced markings on forewing. Some females with entire dorsal surface speckled with yellow spots. Male crown, lateral margins of pronotum margined with dark brown to reddish brown, in healthy males and uniformly green with or without yellow speckles in parasitized (stylopized) males. Specimens from west coast and from Jog Falls more contrastingly colored with broader dark brown markings and posterior half of crown whitish.</p><p>Healthy males with shape of the crown as in  P. latifrons but parasitized males with crown as in females. In healthy males, crown produced anterad of eyes and parallel sided for about proximal 0.6 distance then curved mesad and apex obtusely angled. In female lateral margins of crown gradually narrowed anteriorly and apex conically rounded. Ocelli usually closer to adjacent eyes than to each other in females and in most males and in some females closer to each other than to adjacent eye or equidistant. Crown about as long as or subequal to median length of pronotum, 0.6–0.8× as long as interocular distance, with prominent medina carina. Pronotum about as long as mesonotum or slightly shorter, about 1.1× as wide across posterolateral angles as at anterolateral angles, anterior margins lightly convex and posterior margin medially. Forewing with numerous cross veins in distal area. Female sternite VII anterior margin straight, about 0.33 as wide proximally as long medially, lateral margins straight, posterior margin oblique laterally almost straight and medially slightly concave, lateral angles prominent (Figs 19 MN).</p><p>Male genitalia. Pygofer almost 1.9–2.0× as long as height in lateral view, dorsal margin straight, posterodorsally angularly rounded, without ventral process. Subgenital plate almost 4×as long as wide, more strongly narrowed in posterior 0.33. Style anterior apodeme about 0.33 as long as total length, widest at midlength, distally narrowed, apex dorsally upturned with sculptured surface. Aedeagus with well-developed dorsal apodeme, about 0.33 as long as shaft; in lateral view aedeagal shaft narrow in proximal region, curved dorsally and widened distally till distal 0.66 than narrowed, with one lamellate lateral process widest apically and truncate arising at about midlength, distal 0.33 membranous with dorsal margin sclerotized with shaft arrow-like apex, ventrally with pair of lateral membranous lobes; gonopore apical.</p><p>Female genitalia. Valvula I slightly curved dorsally, more or less of uniform width, sculptured area occupying about distal 0.33 length, obliquely strigate, strigae short basally occupy about half width in distal half of sculptured area (Figs 22 EF, IJ). Valvula II slightly dorsally curved, but much less than valvula I, toothed area occupying 0.33 length, teeth small close together but the proximal tooth more prominent (Figs 22 GH, KL).</p><p>Measurements. Male 9.3–11.3 mm long, 3.1–3.2 mm wide across eyes and 3.3 mm wide across posterolateral angles of pronotum. Female 11.6–13.1 mm long, 5.0 mm wide across eyes and 5.1–5.4 mm wide across posterolateral angles of pronotum.</p><p>Material examined.   INDIA: SYNTYPES ( P. uniformis), 1♀, “Bombay, 60.7”, “  Petalocephala uniformis, type, Dist.”, “ Type ”, “ Syntype ”, “NHMUK 010592238”; 1♀, “  Utakamand ”, “Brit. Mus. 1926-171”, “ Syntype ” (both BMNH) ;   SYNTYPE ( P. bombayensis), 1♂, “ Bombay ”, “  Petalocephala bombayensis Dist. type”, “ Syntype ”, “Distant Coll. 1911-383” (BMNH)  .   Other material. INDIA: 71 ♂, 74 ♀ collected from Karnataka (Bangalore, Sulikere,  Bannerghatta,  Jog Falls,  Ganeshagudi,  Dharmasthala,  Mudigere,  Kottigehara,  Kodyamale,  Karwar,  Kollur,  Hebri,  Sandur,  Yellapur,  Sirsi,  Raichur,  Hoskote,  Dandeli,  Devanahalli,  Chikkaballapura, Makuta, Hassan, Melkote, Nandi Hills). Maharashtra ( Pune,  Khandala,  Matheran, Tamil Nadu ( Aiyr,  Javalagiri,  Denkana kota,  Madurai,  Kallar,  Thandigudi). Kerala ( Ponmudi,  Trivendrum,  Thekkady,  Palode,  Kollam,  Nilambur,  Myladumpara). Gujarat ( Waghai) (BMNH, NBAIR, NPC, UASB)  .</p><p>Remarks. This species was described from an unknown number of specimens (syntypic) with data: “ Bombay. Utakamand (Brit. Mus.)“. It is the most common species of  Petalocephala in Peninsular India. This species was collected throughout the year except during February. Its host plants include  Santalum album L. ( Santalaceae),  Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels ( Myrtaceae),  Vateria indica L. ( Dipterocarpaceae),  Vitis vinifera L. ( Vitaceae),  Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers. ( Lythraceae),  Dodonaea viscosa (L.) Jacq. ( Sapindaceae), Oil palm,  Elaeis guineensis Jacq. ( Arecaceae). In addition to plants mentioned in the introduction (Chatterjee 1934), it breeds on sandal and grape vine plant.</p><p>Pruthi (1934) figured the male genitalia of this species and synonymised  P. bombayensis Distant as a junior synonym of  P. uniformis Distant. Chatterjee (1934) erroneously synonymized this species with  P. nigrilinea and studied its biology under the latter name. Jones &amp; Deitz (2009) misidentified this species as  P. conspicua Distant. This is the only species in the Oriental region that has the aedeagus with a sclerotized subapical processes and the dorsal surface with a sclerotized plate flanked on either side by membranous lobes.</p><p>Genus  Thlasia Germar</p><p>Thlasia Germar1836:71; Linnavuori 1972: 232. Type species:  T. brunipenis Germar, by monotypy.</p><p>Diagnosis. Crown shorter than interocular distance. Pronotum lateral margins prominent and rounded, posterior margin concave. Forewing claval veins separate, forewing flexed downwards at outer claval vein. Male pygofer with a short (species from  Indian subcontinent) or long (in African and Chinese species) ventral process. Aedeagus without processes (except in  T. girijae sp. nov. from India).</p><p>Remarks. Linnavuori (1972) and Jones &amp; Deitz (2009) considered  Thlasia similar to  Tituria Stål differing in the rounded prominent lateral margins of pronotum compared to the angularly projecting lateral lobes in  Tituria . Jones &amp; Deitz (2009) also mentioned that the forewings are flexed downwards at the second claval vein, a character they also found in other  Ledrinae genera namely,  Proranus Spinola,  Hespenedra Kramer, and some species of  Petalocephala . Even the genus  Yelahanka Viraktamath, Webb &amp; Yeshwanth has this character but the claval veins are fused near their midlength and then separated. Four species including two new species are included in this genus from the  Indian subcontinent.  Eogypona kirbyi (Melichar) is transferred to the genus  Thlasia and  Petalocephala walkeri (Melichar) is considered a junior synonym of  T. kirbyi (Melichar) as they have similar male genitalia.</p><p>Key to species of  Thlasia Germar from the  Indian subcontinent (mainly males)</p><p>1. Forewing clavus mesad of outer claval vein bright yellowish green, rest of clavus and corium fuscous (Figs 13 EF); aedeagal shaft with one pair of ventral lamellate processes (Figs 35E–G); style apex strongly bent ventrally almost at right angle (Figs 35 CD).................................................................................  T. girijae sp. nov.</p><p>- Forewing without such color combination; aedeagus without processes (Fig. 37G); style apex not ventrally bent at right angle (Figs 36C, 37F)....................................................................................... 2</p><p>2. Crown and face with median dark brown stripe (Figs 16 AD, 19J); style distal half sinuate (Fig. 36C).....  T. signata (Distant)</p><p>- Crown and face without such a stripe (Figs 14C, 15H); style distal half curved smoothly (Fig. 37F), if slightly sinuate, mid region of style greatly enlarged (Fig. 37A)................................................................. 3</p><p>3. Style greatly enlarged in mid region in lateral view (Fig. 37A)..................................  T. kirbyi (Melichar)</p><p>- Style not so enlarged in mid region (Figs 36C, 37F)...........................................  T. truncata sp. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD4400FF8A9F7DFEDEFEE5FA06FF1A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	VIRAKTAMATH, C. A.;WEBB, M. D.;YESHWANTH, H. M.	VIRAKTAMATH, C. A., WEBB, M. D., YESHWANTH, H. M. (2025): Leafhopper subfamily Ledrinae of the Indian subcontinent: 2. Genera Digitata Wang, Li & Dai, Latycephala McKamey, Petalocephala Stål and Thlasia Germar (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) with description of six new species. Zootaxa 5623 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5623.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5623.1.1
03FD4400FF849F7DFEDEFE4EFE53FAF7.text	03FD4400FF849F7DFEDEFE4EFE53FAF7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thlasia girijae VIRAKTAMATH & WEBB & YESHWANTH 2025	<div><p>Thlasia girijae sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 13 EF, 19I, 35A–H.</p><p>Diagnosis. Externally resembling species of  Destinia Nast and also has a similar aedeagus with pair of lamellate ventrolateral processes exceeding aedeagal shaft, but differs in having forewing flexed laterad of outer claval vein, pygofer with short processes and the structure of style entirely different.</p><p>Description. Greenish yellow, crown margin, pronotal lateral margins reddish, clavus mesad of outer claval vein bright yellowish green, rest of forewing dark cinnamon brown. Face, thoracic pleurites, sternites and femora whitish green, tibiae and tarsi brownish. Metabasitarsomere with 5 platellae (Fig. 20F).</p><p>Male genitalia. Pygofer in lateral view more or less triangular, anterior margin broad, posterodorsal angle acutely rounded, posterior half of pygofer narrowed, thin and prolonged posteriorly, with very short ventral process. Subgenital plate with both extremities narrowed and pointed, about 4.3× as long as wide, about as long as pygofer in lateral view. Style with anterior apodeme 0.4× as long as total length, widest at about midlength then narrowed distally, apophysis abruptly ventrally directed, posterior margin of ventrally directed region slightly concave, apex with sharp posterior angle and rounded anterior angle, apical region sculptured. Aedeagus with short and stout dorsal apodeme; shaft more or less tubular, slightly narrowed in proximal region, then widened being widest at midlength in lateral view, with one pair of ventrolateral, elongate lamellate processes on either side, about as wide as shaft at their midlength, distally narrowed and pointed in dorsal view and exceeding shaft apex slightly; gonopore apical.</p><p>Female unknown.</p><p>Measurements. Male 11.4 mm long, 4.0 mm wide across eyes and 4.1 mm wide across posterolateral angles of pronotum.</p><p>Material examined.   HOLOTYPE ♂, INDIA: Tamil Nadu: Kukkal nr  Kodai [kanal], 2000m, 25.x.2006, David, K.J. (UASB).</p><p>Etymology. The species is named after one of the several names of Goddess Parvati, namely Girija, Sanskrit, meaning one who is born to mountain.</p><p>Remarks. The clavus with bright yellowish green mesad of the outer claval vein contrasted with the dark cinnamon brown rest of the forewing in the male distinguishes this species from the others including species of the externally similar  Destinia .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD4400FF849F7DFEDEFE4EFE53FAF7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	VIRAKTAMATH, C. A.;WEBB, M. D.;YESHWANTH, H. M.	VIRAKTAMATH, C. A., WEBB, M. D., YESHWANTH, H. M. (2025): Leafhopper subfamily Ledrinae of the Indian subcontinent: 2. Genera Digitata Wang, Li & Dai, Latycephala McKamey, Petalocephala Stål and Thlasia Germar (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) with description of six new species. Zootaxa 5623 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5623.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5623.1.1
03FD4400FF849F7CFEDEFA2AFA9AFB89.text	03FD4400FF849F7CFEDEFA2AFA9AFB89.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thlasia kirbyi (VIRAKTAMATH & WEBB & YESHWANTH 2025) VIRAKTAMATH & WEBB & YESHWANTH 2025	<div><p>Thlasia kirbyi (Melichar) comb. nov.</p><p>Figs 14A–G, 15A–I, 37 AB.</p><p>Ledropsis kirbyi Melichar 1903: 143, pl. IV, fig. 14.</p><p>Ledropsis walkeri Melichar 1903: 144, pl IV figs 10, 10a-b.</p><p>Petalocephala walkeri (Melichar): Distant 1908: 170.</p><p>Petalocephala brachycephala Distant 1908: 170 . Synonymized by China 1926: 350.</p><p>Diagnosis. Male. Externally resembling  Petalocephala nigrilinea (Walker) but differs in the structure of male genitalia. Pygofer posterodorsal angle broadly rounded, with short ventral process, not attaining dorsal margin. Aedeagus similar to that in  T. signata but apex broader and truncate in posterior view.</p><p>Description. Crown margin in front of eyes, lateral margins of pronotum with dark brown to black thin border, but one specimen in the type series (Budapest Museum) and females without border.Crown median carina prominent, lateral margins in front of eyes straight for a short distance then convergent, with obtusely angled apex; 0.52-0.68× as long as interocular distance; 0.86-0.97× as long as median length of pronotum,. Ocelli closer to each other than to adjacent eye. Pronotum medially slightly impressed, lateral margins slightly diverging distance between posterolateral angles 1.09–1.33× as long as that between anterolateral angles; about as long as mesonotum medially (0.97–1.0×). Forewing with numerous cross veins in subapical and apical cells.</p><p>Female. Similar to male but without marginal dark border on crown and pronotum. The type in BMNH with fuscous making on crown and pronotum, crown lateral margin faintly and thinly fuscous for a short distance in front of eyes. Crown lateral margin convergent, lateral margin convex, median carina fine; 0.63–0.66× as long as interocular distance, 1.06–1.1× as long as median length of pronotum. Ocelli about as wide apart from each other from adjacent eye. Pronotal lateral margins slightly divergent posteriorly, distance between posterolateral angles 1.02–1.08 as that between anterolateral angles, posterolateral margin concave laterally adjacent to mesonotum and 0.87–0.97× as long as mesonotum. Sternite VII slightly shorter than sternite VI, posterior margin with median concavity (Figs 14G, 15H).</p><p>Male genitalia. Pygofer about 1.7× as long as height in lateral view, slightly narrowed posteriorly, with posterior lobe broadly rounded, with short ventral spine-like process on posterior oblique margin but not attaining dorsal margin. Subgenital plates exceeding length of pygofer in lateral view. Style with very wide middle portion in lateral view (about 0.25 as wide as style length), apex curved ventrally and curved portion sinuate, narrowed distally. Aedeagus in lateral view with well-developed dorsal apodeme; shaft tubular, curved in basal half and slightly narrowed distally, then expanded subapical with dorsal surface sclerotized, lateral and ventral and apical areas membranous, in posterior view, the sclerotized portion stops short of apex, apex slightly flared.</p><p>Material examined.   SRI LANKA: SYNTYPE ♀ ( P. brachycephala), “Green, Ceylon, 95–221”, “2.95”, “  Petalocephala brachycephala Dist., type”, “Type”, “NHMUK 010592221” (BMNH) ;   SYNTYPES 2♂ ( L. walkeri), “Pattipola 2000m, Ceylon, Biro 1902,  Ledropsis walkeri det. Melichar, 1♂ with additional label “22.π” (Museum Budapest); SYNTYPE ♂ ( E. kirbyi), Pundaluoya, Ceylon, Aug. 98”, “Kirkaldy Coll. 1912-513”, “  Eogypona kirbyi Kirk. ”, [misidentified as ♀] “  Ledropsis kirbyi Melichar ” (BMNH) ;   SYNTYPE ♀,  Eogypona walkeri Kirk., “Type H.T”, “ Syntype ”, “  Ledropsis walkeri Melichar 1903 ” “NHMUK 013590057” (BMNH)  .</p><p>Remarks. China (1926) clarified the nomenclatural problem created by Kirkaldy (1900) and validated the species names described by Melichar (1903) as  Ledropsis kirbyi and  Ledropsis walkeri based on specimens misidentified by Kirkaldy. China (1926) also established that  P. brachycephala is a junior synonym of  P. walkeri and  P. walkeri is here considered a junior synonym of  T. kirbyi based on examination of the male genitalia of the type series of  P. walkeri .  P. brachycephala was described from an unknown number of female specimens (syntypic) with the following data: “Trivandrum (Coll. Dist.). Ceylon (Green, Brit. Mus.); Kandy (Coll. Dist.)”.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD4400FF849F7CFEDEFA2AFA9AFB89	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	VIRAKTAMATH, C. A.;WEBB, M. D.;YESHWANTH, H. M.	VIRAKTAMATH, C. A., WEBB, M. D., YESHWANTH, H. M. (2025): Leafhopper subfamily Ledrinae of the Indian subcontinent: 2. Genera Digitata Wang, Li & Dai, Latycephala McKamey, Petalocephala Stål and Thlasia Germar (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) with description of six new species. Zootaxa 5623 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5623.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5623.1.1
03FD4400FF859F7FFEDEFBF9FB56FD79.text	03FD4400FF859F7FFEDEFBF9FB56FD79.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thlasia signata (VIRAKTAMATH & WEBB & YESHWANTH 2025) VIRAKTAMATH & WEBB & YESHWANTH 2025	<div><p>Thlasia signata (Distant) comb. nov.</p><p>Figs 16A–E, 22J, 36A–I.</p><p>Petalocephala signata Distant 1916: 218, fig. 160.</p><p>Diagnosis. Greenish ochraceous, crown with large central dark brown stripe not reaching posterior margin, face with upper large dark brown spot continued on frontoclypeus either occupying entire frontoclypeus or half of it. Style blade-like with elongate, slightly dorsoventrally curved apophysis, apex narrowed. Aedeagus distally membranous, lanceolate, with four apical lobes and one subapical lateral rounded lobe at base of apical expansion.</p><p>Description. Distant (1916 a) described and figured the external features of this species. Additional features observed are as follows. Crown with well-developed median longitudinal carina, about 0.8× as long medially as interocular distance, about as long as or shorter than pronotum. Pronotum rugose punctate on disc and rest punctate with one depressed spot in anterior half on either side of median line, lateral margins slightly divergent posteriorly (posterolateral angles about 1.2x wider than anterolateral angles).</p><p>Male genitalia. Pygofer in lateral view of same height in anterior half, then ventral margin narrowing in posterior half, making posterolateral region acutely angled, about 1.5× in lateral view as its height anteriorly, ventral process relatively long and blade-like. Subgenital plates widest in proximal 033 distance then narrowed, about 2.8× as long as wide. Style with short anterior apodeme, body short and triangular, apophysis blade-like, long, slightly curved dorsoventrally with apex narrowed. Aedeagus with well-developed dorsal apodeme about 0.66 as long as shaft, bilobed, shaft directed posteriorly in proximal region then curved dorsally, apical region membranous, widened and more or less lanceolate, with one pair of small rounded lateral lobes near base and two pairs of larger apical lobes, gonopore subapical.</p><p>Female not known.</p><p>Measurements. Male 8.0– 8.7 mm long, 2.4 mm wide across eyes and 2.7–2.8 mm wide across posterolateral angles of pronotum.</p><p>Material examined.   INDIA: SYNTYPE ♂, “Kodai Kanal, S. India, Campbell”, “KK 5.14” (under specimen mount)”, “  Petalocephala signata Dist. Type”, “Type”, “ Syntype ”, “NHMUK 010592236” (BMNH)  .  Other material. INDIA: Tamil Nadu: 26♂, same data as syntype (with various numbers under specimen mounts) (BMNH); 1♂, Kodaikanal, 23.viii.2021, Shankararaman;  1♂, Palani Hills, Kukkal Shola, 1833m, 24.x.2012, Prathapan, K.D. (UASB) .</p><p>Remarks. This species was described from an unknown number of specimens (syntypic) with the following data: “South India; Kodaikanal (T. V. Campbell)”. It is uncertain if any other of the many topotypical specimens in the BMNH of this species (see Material examined) form part of the type series (see Shobharani et al. 2018).  T. signata can readily be recognized by its characteristic coloration.  P. insignis Distant (Sikkim) also has the frontoclypeus black and the crown with a dark brown stripe, but it is known only from a female and also has a dark brown longitudinal stripe on the forewing submargin that is lacking in this species. A number of topotypical females similar to the males of this species are there under  T. signata in the BMNH collection. These have a longer head and generally without marking compared to the males and whether they are conspecific is uncertain.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD4400FF859F7FFEDEFBF9FB56FD79	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	VIRAKTAMATH, C. A.;WEBB, M. D.;YESHWANTH, H. M.	VIRAKTAMATH, C. A., WEBB, M. D., YESHWANTH, H. M. (2025): Leafhopper subfamily Ledrinae of the Indian subcontinent: 2. Genera Digitata Wang, Li & Dai, Latycephala McKamey, Petalocephala Stål and Thlasia Germar (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) with description of six new species. Zootaxa 5623 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5623.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5623.1.1
03FD4400FF869F7FFEDEFDA9FAE7F8A1.text	03FD4400FF869F7FFEDEFDA9FAE7F8A1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thlasia truncata VIRAKTAMATH & WEBB & YESHWANTH 2025	<div><p>Thlasia truncata sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 16 FG, 19K, 20G, 37C–G.</p><p>Diagnosis. Externally resembles species of  Yelahanka, but the forewing claval veins are separate. Male styles apophysis gracefully curved ventrally, aedeagus apically widened before narrowing, with a pair of sclerotized processes with truncate apices on ventral surface and not extending shaft apex.</p><p>Description. Greenish yellow, crown margin brown, pronotal lateral margins reddish brown, posterior margin and one median spot occupying entire mesoscutum, faintly fuscous. Forewing margin pale orange brown, upper part of face and frontoclypeus pale brownish red, rest of face and frontoclypeus, thoracic pleurites and sternites, greenish white; legs pale brown; apices of claval veins piceous.</p><p>Crown margins in front of eyes straight for a short distance then mesally curved, apex obtusely rounded, medially 0.6× as long as interocular distance, 0.85× as long as median length of pronotum, finely punctate. Ocelli located slightly posterad of imaginary line connecting anterior eye margin dorsally, closer to each other than to adjacent eye. Pronotum finely punctate, posterior margin concave medially, lateral margins slightly divergent, posterolateral angles almost 1.3× as wide as distance between anterolateral angles. Mesonotum as long as median length of pronotum. Forewing with basal half densely punctate, rest sparsely punctate, claval veins separate, outer claval vein prominent, forewing flexed ventrally laterad of outer claval vein.</p><p>Male genitalia. Pygofer triangular with dorsal margin straight, about 1.8× as long as height in lateral view, narrowed posteriorly with acutely rounded posterodorsal angle, ventral process wide at apex, slightly twisted in middle with distal margin crenulate, apex not reaching dorsal margin. Subgenital plate in lateral view slightly shorter than pygofer. Style anterior apodeme about 0.4× as long as total length, apophysis slender and gracefully curved ventrally at midlength, with dorsal margin near apex finely serrate. Aedeagus, with well-developed dorsal apodeme slightly less than half as long as shaft, preatrium short, shaft directed posteriorly then curved dorsally, widened in distal half then narrowed apically, ventral surface in apical region membranous, dorsal surface with a pair of ventral processes almost as long as shaft with truncate apex, gonopore apical.</p><p>Female not known.</p><p>Measurements. Male 7.2 mm long, 2.5 mm wide across eyes and 2.7 mm wide across posterolateral angles of pronotum.</p><p>Material examined.   HOLOTYPE ♂, INDIA: Arunachal Pradesh:  Mayodia, 2463mts, 12.ix.2014, Sweep net, Yeshwanth, H.M. (UASB).</p><p>Etymology. The species name refers to the truncate apices of aedeagal shaft processes in posterior view.</p><p>Remarks.  T. truncata sp. nov. is peculiar in having gracefully ventrally curved apophysis of the male style.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD4400FF869F7FFEDEFDA9FAE7F8A1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	VIRAKTAMATH, C. A.;WEBB, M. D.;YESHWANTH, H. M.	VIRAKTAMATH, C. A., WEBB, M. D., YESHWANTH, H. M. (2025): Leafhopper subfamily Ledrinae of the Indian subcontinent: 2. Genera Digitata Wang, Li & Dai, Latycephala McKamey, Petalocephala Stål and Thlasia Germar (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) with description of six new species. Zootaxa 5623 (1): 1-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5623.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5623.1.1
