identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03FB5540692CDB05C505FDA20ED70225.text	03FB5540692CDB05C505FDA20ED70225.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bryopharsos Quate 1996	<div><p>Genus Bryopharsos Quate, 1996</p><p>Bryopharsos Quate, 1996: 40 .</p><p>Type species: Bryopharsos palpiculum Quate, 1996 by original designation.</p><p>Bryopharsos – Quate 1999: 434 (female description and updated distribution). — Ježek 2010: 237 (discussion of characters). — Kvifte 2018: 603 (tribal classification). — Bravo &amp; Araújo 2019: 364 (description of new species and key to world species).</p><p>Species distribution shown in Fig. 1.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Building upon Quate’s (1996) original diagnosis, Bravo &amp; Araújo (2019) proposed a broader diagnosis to accommodate their new Brazilian species. In this study, we update the genus diagnosis, including previously and herein described species. Male: vertex short, up to twice as wide as eye bridge; eye bridge contiguous conformed by 3–5 facet rows; antennae with 14 flagellomeres, 1–13 asymmetricallynodiform, flagellomere 14 with long, digitiform apiculus; flagellomeres 1–13 with a pair of broad, leafshaped ascoids; ascoids width at least the same as the length of the flagellomere carrying them; palpi short reaching the level of the third flagellomere; labellum short and not bulbous; thorax with or without allurement organs; wing membrane with alveoli between longitudinal veins; wing vein R 5 ends at wing apex; gonocoxal apodemes fused or contiguous at midline; gonocoxal lobes projected anteriorly, with or without a spine; gonostyli digitiform to club-shaped with rounded apex; surstyli with 1–7 tenacula; aedeagal complex asymmetrical; ejaculatory apodeme width is equal to or greater than half of its total length in ventral view.</p><p>Bryopharsos was considered by Ježek (2010) to be morphologically close to the Palearctic/Oriental genus Saximormia as they share the following characters: ascoids as broad as or broader than the flagellomere carrying them, eyes contiguous in the eye bridge, and the general wing structure of the wing. Nevertheless, they can be easily differentiated from each other by the following characters: alveoli on the wing membrane present in Bryopharsos (absent in Saximormia), wing vein radial and medial forks being at the same level and basal to the wing center in Bryopharsos (forks not being at the same level and apical to the wing center in Saximormia), vein R 5 ending at wing apex in Bryopharsos (vein R 5 ending at wing margin posterior to the apex in Saximormia), the ejaculatory apodeme is conspicuously enlarged in ventral view in Bryopharsos (ejaculatory apodeme not enlarged in Saximormia), gonostyli club-shaped with a rounded blunt apex in Bryopharsos (gonostyli tapering towards the apex and with a pointed apex in Saximormia) (Ježek 2010; Bravo &amp; Araújo 2019).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FB5540692CDB05C505FDA20ED70225	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jaume-Schinkel, Santiago;Kilian, Isabel C.;Pazmiño-Palomino, Alex;Mengual, Ximo	Jaume-Schinkel, Santiago, Kilian, Isabel C., Pazmiño-Palomino, Alex, Mengual, Ximo (2025): Revision of the genus Bryopharsos Quate, 1996 (Diptera: Psychodidae) with the description of nine new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1001 (1): 1-51, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1001.2951, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2951/13319
03FB5540692CDB01C6A9F8A208550645.text	03FB5540692CDB01C6A9F8A208550645.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bryopharsos amazonensis Bravo & Araujo 2019	<div><p>Bryopharsos amazonensis Bravo &amp; Araújo, 2019</p><p>Figs 1–3</p><p>Bryopharsos amazonensis Bravo &amp; Araújo, 2019: 368 .</p><p>Type locality: Brazil, 15 km SE of Rio Branco, EMBRAPA (holotype male, MZFS) .</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Male</p><p>Eye bridge with four facet rows (Fig. 2A); wing 1.8 times as long as wide (Fig. 2B); ejaculatory apodeme paddle-shaped in ventral view; surstyli with five tenacula of equal length; aedeagus long, triangular, and with a pointed apex (Figs 2C, 3A–B). According to Bravo &amp; Araújo (2019), B. amazonensis is morphologically similar to B. clavigum and B. claviformosum, but it can be differentiated by the number of tenacula (four in B. clavigum; five in B. amazonensis and B. claviformosum) and the length of the tenacula (four long and one short in B. claviformosum (Fig. 3C–D), five of equal length in B. amazonensis; four of the same length in B. clavigum).</p><p>Female</p><p>Unknown.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>ECUADOR – Pichincha • 9 ♂♂; Pedro Vicente Maldonado, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=78.95802&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.11862" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 78.95802/lat 0.11862)">Parroquia Pedro Vicente Maldonado</a>, near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=78.95802&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.11862" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 78.95802/lat 0.11862)">San Pancracio</a>, roadway to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=78.95802&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.11862" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 78.95802/lat 0.11862)">Pachijal</a>; 0.11862° N, 78.95802° E; alt. 750 m; 25–28 Jan. 2022; Isabel Kilian leg.; ZFMK, ZFMK-TIS-2628286, ZFMK-TIS-2628287, ZFMK-TIS-2628288, ZFMK-TIS-2628289, ZFMK-TIS-2628298, ZFMK-TIS-2628299, ZFMK-TIS-2628303, ZFMK-TIS-2628304, ZFMK-TIS-2628307 • 2 ♂♂; same data as for preceding; 0.11561° N, 78.95805° E; 1–9 Feb. 2022; ZFMK, ZFMK-TIS-2636932, ZFMK-TIS-2636935 • 6 ♂♂; same data as for preceding; MECN, ZFMK-TIS-2636989, ZFMK-TIS-2637097, ZFMK-TIS-2637102, ZFMK-TIS-2637110, ZFMK-TIS-2637122, ZFMK-TIS-2637145 • 8 ♂♂; same data as for preceding; MECN, ZFMK-TIS-2637067, ZFMK-TIS-2637069, ZFMK-TIS-2627070, ZFMK-TIS-2627072, ZFMK-TIS-2627074, ZFMK-TIS-2627075, ZFMK-TIS-2627076, ZFMK-TIS-2627078 .</p><p>COLOMBIA – Cauca • 5 ♂♂ Guapí, Gorgona Island, alta El Mirador; alt. 180 m; 4–24 Mar. 2000; R. Doque leg.; LACM, LACM ENT 279390, LACM ENT 279391, LACM ENT 279392, LACM ENT 279399, LACM ENT 279398 .</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Brazil (Bravo &amp; Araújo 2019), Colombia (this publication, new record), and Ecuador (this publication, new record) (Fig. 1).</p><p>DNA barcodes</p><p>22 specimens were successfully sequenced: ZFMK-TIS-2628286, ZFMK-TIS-2628288, ZFMK-TIS-2628289, ZFMK-TIS-2628298, ZFMK-TIS-2628303, ZFMK-TIS-2628304, ZFMK-TIS-2628307, ZFMK-TIS-2636932, ZFMK-TIS-2636935, ZFMK-TIS-2636989, ZFMK-TIS-2637067, ZFMK-TIS-2637069, ZFMK-TIS-2627070, ZFMK-TIS-2627072, ZFMK-TIS-2627074, ZFMK-TIS-2627075, ZFMK-TIS-2627076, ZFMK-TIS-2627078, ZFMK-TIS-2637097, ZFMK-TIS-2637102, ZFMK-TIS-2637110, ZFMK-TIS-2637122. The maximum intraspecific uncorrected pairwise distance for COI sequences was 0.37% or 3 bp.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Three specimens (ZFMK-TIS-2636935, ZFMK-TIS-2636989, ZMFK-TIS-2637097) have a small morphological variation as they present a spine in the gonocoxal apodeme, while the remaining specimens do not present the spine. The molecular evidence and the remaining morphological characters suggest all specimens belong to the same species. The original differentiation of B. amazonensis and B. claviformosum by Bravo &amp; Araújo (2019) based on the difference in tenacula lengths (five of the same length in B. amazonensis; four of equal length and one shorter in B. claviformosum) appears to be a good morphological character to separate them. This is further supported by molecular data in this study.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FB5540692CDB01C6A9F8A208550645	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jaume-Schinkel, Santiago;Kilian, Isabel C.;Pazmiño-Palomino, Alex;Mengual, Ximo	Jaume-Schinkel, Santiago, Kilian, Isabel C., Pazmiño-Palomino, Alex, Mengual, Ximo (2025): Revision of the genus Bryopharsos Quate, 1996 (Diptera: Psychodidae) with the description of nine new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1001 (1): 1-51, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1001.2951, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2951/13319
03FB55406928DB0CC683FC420C9A04AE.text	03FB55406928DB0CC683FC420C9A04AE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bryopharsos asymmetricum Jaume-Schinkel 2025	<div><p>Bryopharsos asymmetricum Jaume-Schinkel sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 40B57D7B-F290-4EF5-A80D-D7E78C86F1EC</p><p>Figs 1, 4–5</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Male</p><p>Eye bridge with five facet rows (Fig. 4A); wing 2.2 times as long as wide; ejaculatory apodeme convex in ventral view; gonocoxal apodeme with spine projection; surstyli with 2 or 3 tenacula; aedeagus digitiform and evenly tapering towards apex (Fig. 4C). This species is similar to B. tritaleum, but they can be differentiated by the number of tenacula (three in B. tritaleum, some specimens with three tenacula on one surstylus in B. asymmetricum sp. nov. but the remaining with two tenacula), the number of facet rows in the eye bridge (four in B. tritaleum, five in B. asymmetricum), and the length of the ejaculatory apodeme (about as long as the aedeagus in B. tritaleum, shorter than the aedeagus in B. asymmetricum).</p><p>Female</p><p>Unknown.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The specific name ʻ asymmetricum ʼ derives from the Greek word ʻσυμμετρικόςʼ (symetrikós) with the Greek prefix ʻἀ-ʼ (without), and it referrs to the asymmetrical number of apical tenacula on the surstyli. Specific name to be treated as an adjective.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype ECUADOR – Pichincha • ♂; Pedro Vicente Maldonado, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=78.95805&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.11561" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 78.95805/lat 0.11561)">Parroquia Pedro Vicente Maldonado</a>, near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=78.95805&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.11561" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 78.95805/lat 0.11561)">San Pancracio</a>, roadway to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=78.95805&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.11561" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 78.95805/lat 0.11561)">Pachijal</a>; 0.11561° N, 78.95805° E; alt. 750 m; 1–9 Feb. 2022; Isabel Kilian leg.; MECN, ZFMK-TIS-2637130.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>ECUADOR – Pichincha • 9 ♂♂; same data as for holotype; ZFMK, ZFMK-TIS-2629868, ZFMK-TIS-2629902, ZFMK-TIS-2636934, ZFMK-TIS-2637062, ZFMK-TIS-2637064, ZFMK-TIS-2637068, ZFMK-TIS-2637077, ZFMK-TIS-2637115, ZFMK-TIS-2637127 • 1 ♂; same data as for holotype; MECN, ZFMK-TIS-2637149 .</p><p>Description</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. In mm (n = 6). Wing length: 1.90 (1.95–1.80), wing width: 0.85 (0.90–0.80); head length: 0.50 (0.50–0.45), head width: 0.40 (0.47–0.38); antennal segments (Fig. 4B): scape: 0.11 (0.11–0.10), pedicel: 0.06 (0.06–0.05), flagellomeres 1–5: 0.1 (0.12–0.11); palpal segment 1: 0.05 (0.5–0.05), palpal segment 2: 0.07 (0.08–0.06), palpal segment 3: 0.07 (0.08–0.07), palpal segment 4: 0.08 (0.08–0.07).</p><p>Holotype male</p><p>HEAD (Fig. 4A). Slightly longer than wide; eye bridge contiguous with five rows of facets, interocular suture absent (Fig. 4A); post-ocular alveoli not enlarged and non-distinguishable from the remaining alveoli on the head; the frontal patch of alveoli not divided, upper margin with a concavity in the middle, lower margin rounded. Antennal scape about two times as long as pedicel, almost cylindrical; pedicel spherical, smaller than scape; flagellomeres asymmetrical and nodiform, with scattered setae on the basal half surface, apical flagellomeres absent in examined material, the maximum number of flagellomeres present five; ascoids rectangular and broad, about the same length, and about two times as wide as flagellomere carrying them. Palpal segments cylindrical, palpal segment 4 with pointed apex, palpal proportions: 1.0:1.5:1.5:1.6; labium without any strong sclerite; labella bulbous with seven three setae on outer margin and two setae on inner margin.</p><p>THORAX. Without allurement organs; all coxae with a stripe of three to five rows of alveoli. Wing length about 2.2 times its width; wing membrane brown-hyaline; alveoli distributed uniformly on wing membrane; subcostal vein short ending beyond the origin of R 4; fork of R 2+3 at the same level as M 1+2 and joining R 4; fork of M 1+2 weak; R 5 ending at the wing apex; CuA 2 ending at wing margin.</p><p>TERMINALIA (Figs 4C, 5). Hypandrium is a distinct band that connects the gonocoxites, broad and plate-like; gonocoxites about the same length as gonostyli, gonostyli slightly incurved, with rounded-blunt apex; aedeagus digitiform, apex rounded, with an additional digitiform paramere, paramere evenly narrowing towards the apex, longer than aedeagus; ejaculatory apodeme shorter than aedeagus, basal margin convex; gonocoxal apodemes projected anteriorly as a trapezoidal plate, fused; epandrium narrow, about three times wider than long, with posterior margin concave; hypoproct tongue-shaped, longer than epandrium and covered in small setulae, epiproct shorter than hypoproct; surstyli evenly tapering towards the apex and curved, one with three apical tenacula, the other with two tenacula, tenacula with rounded apex.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Only known from the type locality in Ecuador (Fig. 1).</p><p>DNA barcodes</p><p>Eleven specimens were successfully sequenced: ZFMK-TIS-2629868, ZFMK-TIS-2629902, ZFMK-TIS-2636934, ZFMK-TIS-2637062, ZFMK-TIS-2637064, ZFMK-TIS-2637068, ZFMK-TIS-2637077, ZFMK-TIS-2637115, ZFMK-TIS-2637127, ZFMK-TIS-2637130, ZFMK-TIS-2637149. All eleven obtained sequences are identical.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The holotype and paragypes ZFMK-TIS-2629868, ZFMK-TIS-2637115, and ZFMK-TIS-2637149 have three tenacula in one surstylus and two in the other, while the paratypes ZFMK-TIS-2629902 and ZFMK-TIS-2637127 only present two tenacula on both surstyli (no empty alveoli for a missing tenaculum is distinguishable), which leads us to believe this character is variable. The presence of one tenaculum in one surstylus and two on the other has also been recorded in the holotype of B. paulistensis (Bravo &amp; Araujo 2019: fig. 24). Furthermore, the spine in the gonocoxal apodeme is present either on the right side or on the left side, which is also a variable character inside the examined material. Nonetheless, the COI sequence of all specimens is identical, supporting our hypothesis that all the specimens belong to the same species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FB55406928DB0CC683FC420C9A04AE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jaume-Schinkel, Santiago;Kilian, Isabel C.;Pazmiño-Palomino, Alex;Mengual, Ximo	Jaume-Schinkel, Santiago, Kilian, Isabel C., Pazmiño-Palomino, Alex, Mengual, Ximo (2025): Revision of the genus Bryopharsos Quate, 1996 (Diptera: Psychodidae) with the description of nine new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1001 (1): 1-51, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1001.2951, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2951/13319
03FB55406924DB08C555FEEF0FCB06E6.text	03FB55406924DB08C555FEEF0FCB06E6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bryopharsos bifidum Jaume-Schinkel 2025	<div><p>Bryopharsos bifidum Jaume-Schinkel sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: E3E364DD-E83D-4ADB-8A1F-CAB198C11DF1</p><p>Figs 1, 6–7</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Male</p><p>Eye bridge with three facet rows (Fig. 6A); wing 1.9 times as long as wide; ejaculatory apodeme ovoid, with anterior margin straight, slightly longer than the aedeagus; gonocoxal apodeme fused; surstyli with a single apical tenaculum; aedeagus digitiform, curved, with rounded apex. This species shares the same number of apical tenacula in the surstyli but it can be easily differentiated by having bifurcated gonostyli (no other known Bryopharsos species has bifurcated gonostyli).</p><p>Female</p><p>Unknown.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The specific name ʻ bifidum ʼ derives from Latin ʻ bifidus ʼ meaning split into two parts, referring to the bifurcate gonostyli. Name to be treated as a noun in apposition.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype VENEZUELA – Aragua • ♂; 19 km N of Maracay; 14–17 Oct. 1993; alt. 1280 m; L.W. Quate leg.; Malaise trap; Mounted in Euparal; LACM, LACM-ENT-279295.</p><p>Paratype</p><p>VENEZUELA – Choroní • 1 ♂; 22 km S of Choroní; 17 Oct. 1993; alt. 1000 m.; L.W. Quate leg.; Malaise Trap; Mounted in Euparal; LACM, LACM-ENT-279294 .</p><p>Description</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. In mm (n = 2). Wing length: 2.34 (2.24–2.45), wing width: 1.19 (1.17–1.22); head length: 0.60 (0.60–0.60), head width: 0.79 (0.71–0.86); antennal segments: scape: 0.10 (0.10–0.10), pedicel: 0.08 (0.07–0.08), flagellomere 1: 0.14 (0.13–0.14), flagellomeres 2–12: 0.15 (0.14–0.15), flagellomere 13: 0.06 (0.06–0.06), flagellomere 14: 0.08 (0.08–0.08); palpal segment 1: 0.05 (0.05–0,05), palpal segment 2: 0.05 (0.05–0.05), palpal segment 3: 0.05 (0.05–0.05), palpal segment 4: 0.04 (0.04–0.04).</p><p>Holotype male</p><p>HEAD (Fig. 6A). A little wider than long; eye bridge contiguous, with three rows of facets, interocular suture absent; post-ocular alveoli not enlarged and non-distinguishable from the remaining alveoli on the head; frontal patch of alveoli not divided, triangular with the lower margin rounded. Antennal scape slightly longer the length of the pedicel, cylindrical; pedicel spherical; 14 flagellomeres asymmetrical and nodiform, with scattered setae on the basal half surface, apical flagellomere with terminal apiculus; ascoids absent in examined material. Palpal segments cylindrical, palpal segment 4 apically pointed, palpal proportions: 1.0:1.0:1.0:0.8; labium without any strong sclerite; labella not bulbous with 3–4 setae on outer margin.</p><p>THORAX. Without allurement organs; all coxae with a stripe of three to five rows of alveoli. Wing length about 2.1 times its width; wing membrane brown-hyaline; alveoli distributed uniformly on wing membrane; subcostal vein short ending beyond the origin of R 4; fork of R 2+3 basal to the level of M 1+2 and joining R 4; fork of M 1+2 weakly sclerotized; R 5 ending at the wing apex; CuA 2 ending at wing margin.</p><p>TERMINALIA (Figs 6B–D, 7). Hypandrium is a distinct band that connects the gonocoxites, plate-like; gonocoxites cylindrical, about the same length as gonostyli; gonostyli bifurcated, bifurcation occurs around half, both rami have rounded apex, mesal ramus digitiform, lateral ramus ovate; gonocoxal apodeme without anterior projections; gonocoxal lobes with six setae on each side; aedeagus digitiform, curved, apex rounded, ending beyond the apex of the paramere, paramere digitiform, almost thumb-like, with rounded apex; ejaculatory apodeme with rounded margin, about the same length as the aedeagus; epandrium plate-like, about two times as wide as long; hypoproct tongue-shaped, and covered in small setulae, epiproct broader and shorter than hypoproct; surstyli conical, abruptly narrowing towards the apex, curved ventrally, with a single apical tenaculum, tenaculum with rounded apex.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Only known from the type locality in Venezuela (Fig. 1).</p><p>DNA barcodes</p><p>No specimens were available for DNA extraction.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Both specimens presented a label with L.W. Quate’s handwriting reading “ Bryopharsos bifidum ”, this specific name was never published nor was the description of the species, so we decided to keep the name chosen by Quate as it is fitting for the species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FB55406924DB08C555FEEF0FCB06E6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jaume-Schinkel, Santiago;Kilian, Isabel C.;Pazmiño-Palomino, Alex;Mengual, Ximo	Jaume-Schinkel, Santiago, Kilian, Isabel C., Pazmiño-Palomino, Alex, Mengual, Ximo (2025): Revision of the genus Bryopharsos Quate, 1996 (Diptera: Psychodidae) with the description of nine new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1001 (1): 1-51, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1001.2951, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2951/13319
03FB55406921DB17C6A4FBE60E1503B3.text	03FB55406921DB17C6A4FBE60E1503B3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bryopharsos bitenacula Jaume-Schinkel 2025	<div><p>Bryopharsos bitenacula Jaume-Schinkel sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: D6D6DE95-B8A7-430B-B4B0-AD99DA55F54F</p><p>Figs 1, 8–9</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Male</p><p>Eye bridge with three facet rows (Fig. 8A); wing 2.1 times as long as wide; ejaculatory apodeme ovoid, with anterior margin straight, shorter than the aedeagus; gonocoxal apodeme projecting anteriorly; surstyli with two apical tenacula; aedeagus digitiform, with rounded apex, paramere digitiform and longer than aedeagus. This species shares the same number of apical tenacula in the surstyli as B. asymmetricum sp. nov. but it can be easily differentiated by the shape of the paramere (digitiform with pointed apex in B. asymmetricum, digitiform and with rounded apex in B. bitenacula sp. nov.), and the length of the paramere (shorter than the aedeagus in B. bitenacula, longer than the aedeagus in B. asymmetricum).</p><p>Female</p><p>Unknown.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The specific name derives from the Latin word ʻ bi ʼ meaning two, and ʻ tenacula ʼ. It makes reference to the two apical tenacula present in the surstyli. To be treated as a noun in apposition.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype PERU – Cuzco • ♂; 26 km West of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=71.54667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.055" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 71.54667/lat 13.055)">Pilcopata</a>; 13.055° N, 71.546667° E; alt. 1500 m; 24 Jul.–2 Aug. 1997; L.W. Quate leg.; Malaise trap; Cloud Forest; Mounted in Euparal; LACM, LACM-ENT-279272.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>PERU – Cuzco • 12 ♂♂; same data as for holotype; LACM, LACM-ENT-279266, LACM-ENT-279267, LACM-ENT-279268, LACM-ENT-279269, LACM-ENT-279270, LACM-ENT-279273, LACM-ENT-279274, LACM-ENT-279275, LACM-ENT-279277, LACM-ENT-279278, LACM-ENT-279290, LACM-ENT-279291 • 1 ♂, same data as for holotype; 25 Jul.–3 Aug. 1997; LACM, LACM-ENT-279381 .</p><p>Description</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. In mm (n = 8). Wing length: 2.38 (2.24–2.45), wing width: 1.23 (1.17–1.22); head length: 0.43 (0.42–0.50), head width: 0.54 (0.52–0.68); antennal segments: scape: 0.10 (0.10–0.10), pedicel: 0.08 (0.07–0.08), flagellomere 1: 0.12 (0.12–0.13), flagellomeres 2–12: 0.15 (0.14–0.15), flagellomere 13: 0.06 (0.06–0.06), flagellomere 14: 0.08 (0.08–0.08); palpal segment 1: 0.04 (0.04–0.04), palpal segment 2: 0.08 (0.07–0.08), palpal segment 3: 0.07 (0.07–0.07), palpal segment 4: 0.06 (0.06–0.06).</p><p>Holotype male</p><p>HEAD (Fig. 8A). A little wider than long; eye bridge contiguous, with five rows of facets, interocular suture absent; post-ocular alveoli not enlarged and non-distinguishable from the remaining alveoli on the head; frontal patch of alveoli not divided, rectangular with the lower margin straight, upper margin convex. Antennal scape slightly longer than the pedicel, cylindrical; pedicel spherical; 14 flagellomeres asymmetrical and nodiform, with scattered setae on the basal half surface, apical flagellomere with terminal apiculus; ascoids about the same length as the flagellomere carrying them, and about two times wider than the width of flagellomere carrying them. Palpal segments cylindrical, palpal segment 4 apically pointed, palpal proportions: 1.0:1.8:1.6:1.4; labium without any strong sclerite; labella not bulbous with 3–4 setae on outer margin.</p><p>THORAX. Without allurement organs; all coxae with a stripe of three to five rows of alveoli. Wing length about 2.1 times its width; wing membrane brown-hyaline; alveoli distributed uniformly on wing membrane; subcostal vein short ending beyond the origin of R 4; fork of R 2+3 basal to the level of M 1+2 and joining R 4; fork of M 1+2 normally sclerotized; R 5 ending at the wing apex; CuA 2 ending at wing margin.</p><p>TERMINALIA (Figs 8B–C, 9). Hypandrium is a distinct band that connects the gonocoxites, plate-like; gonocoxites are cylindrical, about the same length as gonostyli, gonostyli digitiform; gonocoxal apodeme fused; gonocoxal lobes without anterior projections, with 3–5 setae on each side, with gonocoxal spine; aedeagus digitiform with rounded apex, ending beyond the apex of the paramere, paramere digitiform, with rounded apex, about ¾ the length of the aedeagus; ejaculatory apodeme with anterior margin straight, shorter than the aedeagus; epandrium rectangular, about two times as wide as long; hypoproct V-shaped, and covered in small setulae, epiproct broader and shorter than hypoproct; surstyli conical narrowing towards the apex, curved ventrally, with two apical tenacula, tenacula with rounded apex.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Only known from the type locality in Peru (Fig. 1).</p><p>DNA barcodes</p><p>No specimens were available for DNA extraction.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FB55406921DB17C6A4FBE60E1503B3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jaume-Schinkel, Santiago;Kilian, Isabel C.;Pazmiño-Palomino, Alex;Mengual, Ximo	Jaume-Schinkel, Santiago, Kilian, Isabel C., Pazmiño-Palomino, Alex, Mengual, Ximo (2025): Revision of the genus Bryopharsos Quate, 1996 (Diptera: Psychodidae) with the description of nine new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1001 (1): 1-51, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1001.2951, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2951/13319
03FB5540693EDB13C553F9280E150790.text	03FB5540693EDB13C553F9280E150790.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bryopharsos chuspi Jaume-Schinkel 2025	<div><p>Bryopharsos chuspi Jaume-Schinkel sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: DCC6BE41-DA48-451D-81C3-052088A67BDD</p><p>Figs 1, 10–11</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Male</p><p>Eye bridge with four facet rows (Fig. 10A); wing 2.8 times as long as wide; ejaculatory apodeme about the same length as the aedeagus, with anterior margin rounded, gonocoxal apodeme projecting anteriorly; surstyli with six apical tenacula; aedeagus digitiform, tapering towards the apex, paramere digitiform, tapering towards the apex and longer than aedeagus. This species shares the same number of apical tenacula in the surstyli as B. gorgona sp. nov. Still, it can be easily differentiated by the length of the hypandrium (hypandrium length is shorter than aedeagal width in B. chuspi sp. nov., hypandrium length is longer than aedeagal width) B. gorgona) and the shape of the epandrium (U-shaped in B. chuspi, rectangular in B. gorgona).</p><p>Female</p><p>Unknown.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The specific name ʻ chuspi ʼ derives from the Quechuan word ʻchuspiʼ meaning fly. Species name to be treated as a name in apposition.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype PERU – Cuzco • ♂; 26 km W of Pilcopata; alt. 1500 m; 24 Jul.–2 Aug. 1997; L.W. Quate leg.; LACM, LACM-ENT-279279.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>PERU – Cuzco • 12 ♂♂; same data as for holotype; LACM, LACM-ENT-279286, LACM-ENT-279285, LACM-ENT-279284, LACM-ENT-279276, LACM-ENT-279281, LACM-ENT-279282, LACM-ENT-279283, LACM-ENT-279280, LACM-ENT-279202, LACM-ENT-279289, LACM-ENT-279288, LACM-ENT-279287 .</p><p>Description</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. In mm (n = 13). Wing length: 2.76 (2.50–3.00), wing width: 0.94 (0.90–1.00); head length: 0.44 (0.42–0.45), head width: 0.46 (0.46–0.48); antennal segments: scape: 0.12 (0.11–0.13), pedicel: 0.07 (0.07–0.08), flagellomere 1: 0.12 (0.11–0.12), flagellomeres 2–13: 0.14 (0.14–0.15), flagellomere 14: 0.16 (0.16–0.16); palpal segment 1: 0.06 (0.05–0.06), palpal segment 2: 0.06 (0.06–0.07), palpal segment 3: 0.08 (0.08–0.08), palpal segment 4: 0.11 (0.10–0.12).</p><p>Holotype male</p><p>HEAD (Fig. 10A). A little wider than long; eye bridge contiguous, with four rows of facets, interocular suture absent; post-ocular alveoli not enlarged and non-distinguishable from the remaining alveoli on the head; frontal patch of alveoli not divided, rectangular with concave lateral margins, lower margin straight, upper margin partially divided in the middle. Antennal scape is about two times as long as the pedicel, cylindrical; the pedicel is spherical; flagellomeres are asymmetrical and nodiform, with scattered setae on the basal half surface, flagellomere 14 with terminal apiculus being two times as long as the elongated basal part of the flagellomere; ascoids about the same length as the flagellomere carrying them, and about two times as wide as the width of flagellomere. Palpal segments cylindrical, palpal segment 4 apically pointed, palpal proportions: 1.0:1.0:1.3:1.8; labium without any strong sclerite; labella not bulbous with 3–4 setae on outer margin.</p><p>THORAX. Without allurement organs; all coxae with a stripe of three to five rows of alveoli. Wing length about two times its width; wing membrane brown-hyaline; alveoli distributed uniformly on wing membrane; subcostal vein short ending beyond the origin of R 4; fork of R 2+3 basal to the level of M 1+2 and joining R 4; fork of M 1+2 weakly sclerotized; R 5 ending at the wing apex; CuA 2 ending at wing margin.</p><p>TERMINALIA (Figs 10B–C, 11). Hypandrium is a distinct band that connects the gonocoxites, plate-like; gonocoxites are cylindrical, about two-thirds the length of the gonostyli, gonostyli digitiform; gonocoxal apodeme fused; gonocoxal lobe with 5–6 setae on each side, spine of the gonocoxal lobes present; aedeagus digitiform, with rounded apex, ending at about the same level as the paramere, paramere digitiform, tapering towards apex, with pointed apex; ejaculatory apodeme with anterior margin rounded, about the same length as the aedeagus; epandrium U-shaped; hypoproct U-shaped, and covered in small setulae, epiproct broader and shorter than hypoproct; surstyli conical narrowing towards the apex, with six apical tenacula, tenacula with rounded apex.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Only known from the type locality in Peru (Fig. 1).</p><p>DNA barcodes</p><p>No specimens were available for DNA extraction.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FB5540693EDB13C553F9280E150790	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jaume-Schinkel, Santiago;Kilian, Isabel C.;Pazmiño-Palomino, Alex;Mengual, Ximo	Jaume-Schinkel, Santiago, Kilian, Isabel C., Pazmiño-Palomino, Alex, Mengual, Ximo (2025): Revision of the genus Bryopharsos Quate, 1996 (Diptera: Psychodidae) with the description of nine new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1001 (1): 1-51, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1001.2951, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2951/13319
03FB5540693ADB10C578FD080C2E04F4.text	03FB5540693ADB10C578FD080C2E04F4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bryopharsos claviformosum Quate 1996	<div><p>Bryopharsos claviformosum Quate, 1996</p><p>Figs 1, 3C–D</p><p>Bryopharsos claviformosum Quate, 1996: 41 . Type locality: Costa Rica, Heredia, Estación Biológica La Selva (INBio).</p><p>Bryopharsos claviformosus – Bravo &amp; Araújo 2019: 370 (lapsus calami in identification key).</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Male</p><p>Eye bridge with four facet rows; wing 2.5 times as long as wide; ejaculatory apodeme rectangular in ventral view; gonocoxal apodeme with a spine; surstyli with five tenacula. This species is similar to B. amazonensis and B. clavigum but it can be easily differentiated by the number of tenacula (four in B. clavigum, five in B. amazonensis and B. claviformosum) and the length of the tenacula (equal length in B. amazonensis and B. clavigum, four long and one shorter in B. claviformosum).</p><p>Female</p><p>Unknown.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>ECUADOR – Pichincha • 2 ♂♂; Pedro Vicente Maldonado, near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=78.958&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.1156" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 78.958/lat 0.1156)">San Pancracio</a>, roadway to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=78.958&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.1156" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 78.958/lat 0.1156)">Pachijal</a>; 0.1156° N, 78.9580° E; alt. 750 m; 1–9 Feb. 2022; Isabel Kilian leg.; ZFMK, ZFMK-TIS-2637066, ZFMK-TIS-2637079 • 1 ♂ same data as for preceding; 0.115611° N, 78.95805° E; MECN, ZFMK-TIS-2637137 .</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Costa Rica (Quate 1996; Bravo &amp; Araújo 2019) and Ecuador (this publication, new record) (Fig. 1).</p><p>DNA barcodes</p><p>Three specimens were successfully sequenced: ZFMK-TIS-2637066, ZFMK-TIS-2637079, and ZFMK-TIS-2637137. The maximum intraspecific uncorrected pairwise distance for COI sequences was 0.31% or 2 bp.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The original description of the male by Quate (1996) is rather short and incomplete, with some important characters missing. Nonetheless, the drawings and the general description are enough to distinguish the males of this species. In the SEM pictures (Fig. 3C–D), the aedeagus seems curved, with a rounded apex and the paramere seems digitiform and slender, while in the original description, the aedeagus looks straight and tapering towards the apex, while the paramere seems broad. We must point out that for our specimens prepared on permanent slides, the perspective affects the perceived shape of the aedeagus and paramere, making the aedeagus look straight and tapering towards the apex, and the paramere looks digitiform.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FB5540693ADB10C578FD080C2E04F4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jaume-Schinkel, Santiago;Kilian, Isabel C.;Pazmiño-Palomino, Alex;Mengual, Ximo	Jaume-Schinkel, Santiago, Kilian, Isabel C., Pazmiño-Palomino, Alex, Mengual, Ximo (2025): Revision of the genus Bryopharsos Quate, 1996 (Diptera: Psychodidae) with the description of nine new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1001 (1): 1-51, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1001.2951, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2951/13319
03FB55406939DB10C51BFDF20E6F0364.text	03FB55406939DB10C51BFDF20E6F0364.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bryopharsos clavigum Quate 1996	<div><p>Bryopharsos clavigum Quate, 1996</p><p>Figs 1, 12</p><p>Bryopharsos clavigum Quate, 1996: 41 . Type locality: Costa Rica, Heredia, Estación Biológica La Selva (INBio).</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Male</p><p>Eye bridge with four facet rows (Fig. 12A); wing 2.5 times as long as wide; ejaculatory apodeme subcircular in ventral view (Fig. 12B); gonocoxal apodeme with spine (Fig. 12B); surstyli with four tenacula (Fig. 12C). This species is morphologically similar to B. amazonensis and B. claviformosum but they can be differentiated by the number of tenacula present in the surstyli (four in B. clavigum, five in B. amazonensis and B. claviformosum).</p><p>Female</p><p>Unknown.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>COSTA RICA – Heredia • 4 ♂♂; Puerto Viejo de Sarapaqui, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=78.95802&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.11862" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 78.95802/lat 0.11862)">Estación Biológica La Selva</a>; 0.11862° N, 78.95802° E; alt. 50–100 m; 15 Dec. 1993; leg.; LACM, LACM-ENT-279401, LACM-ENT-279402, LACM-ENT-279403, INBIO CRI001470316 .</p><p>ECUADOR – Pichincha • 1 ♂; Pedro Vicente Maldonado, near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=78.95805&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.11862" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 78.95805/lat 0.11862)">San Pancracio</a>, roadway to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=78.95805&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.11862" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 78.95805/lat 0.11862)">Pachijal</a>, 0.11862° N, 78.95805° E; alt. 770 m; 25–28 Jan. 2020; Isabel Kilian leg.; MECN, ZFMK-TIS-2628309 .</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Costa Rica (Quate 1996; Bravo &amp; Araújo 2019) and Ecuador (this publication, new record) (Fig. 1).</p><p>DNA barcodes</p><p>DNA barcoding of the examined material was unsuccessful.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FB55406939DB10C51BFDF20E6F0364	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jaume-Schinkel, Santiago;Kilian, Isabel C.;Pazmiño-Palomino, Alex;Mengual, Ximo	Jaume-Schinkel, Santiago, Kilian, Isabel C., Pazmiño-Palomino, Alex, Mengual, Ximo (2025): Revision of the genus Bryopharsos Quate, 1996 (Diptera: Psychodidae) with the description of nine new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1001 (1): 1-51, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1001.2951, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2951/13319
03FB55406939DB1CC555F9620E150470.text	03FB55406939DB1CC555F9620E150470.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bryopharsos curvum Jaume-Schinkel 2025	<div><p>Bryopharsos curvum Jaume-Schinkel sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 8D75061B-8145-4250-9E15-E1AA5C0BF549</p><p>Figs 1, 13</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Male</p><p>Eye bridge with three facet rows (Fig. 13A); wing 1.9 times as long as wide; ejaculatory apodeme cylindrical and hour-glass-shaped, about the same length as the aedeagus (Fig. 13B, D); aedeagus digitiform, outcurved and evenly tapering towards apex (Fig. 13B, D); gonocoxal apodeme fused (Fig. 13B, D); surstyli with one tenaculum (Fig. 13C). This species shares the same number of apical tenacula in the surstyli with B. uncinatum and B. paulistensis . Still, it can be easily differentiated by the number of rows of facets in the eye bridge (three in B. curvum sp. nov., four in B. uncinatum, and five in B. paulistensis).</p><p>Female</p><p>Unknown.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Specific name is derived from Latin ʻ curvus ʼ (neuter ʻcurvumʼ), making reference to the outcurved gonocoxites, as well as the curved aedeagus and paramere. Specific name to be treated as a noun in apposition.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype COLOMBIA – Magdalena • ♂; Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, El Ramo; alt. 2400 m; 10–24 Jun. 2000; I. Uribe leg.; Malaise trap; LACM, LACM-ENT-279396.</p><p>Description</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. In mm (n = 1). Wing length: 2.47, wing width: 1.28; head length: 0.50, head width: 0.60; antennal segments: scape: 0.10, pedicel: 0.06, flagellomeres 1–4: 0.11 (0.11–0.12); palpal segment 1: 0.04, palpal segment 2: 0.8, palpal segment 3: 0.07, palpal segment 4: 0.05.</p><p>Holotype male</p><p>HEAD (Fig. 13A). A little wider than long; eye bridge contiguous, with three rows of facets, interocular suture absent; post-ocular alveoli not enlarged and non-distinguishable from the remaining alveoli on the head; the frontal patch of alveoli not divided, triangular with lower margin straight. Antennal scape about two times the length of the pedicel, slightly broader than wide; pedicel spherical, smaller than scape; flagellomeres asymmetrical and nodiform, with scattered setae on the basal half surface, apical flagellomeres absent in examined material, the maximum number of flagellomeres present is four; ascoids absent in examined material. Palpal segments cylindrical, palpal segment 4 with pointed apex, palpal proportions: 1.0:2.0:1.7:1.2; labium without strong sclerites; labella not bulbous with 3–4 setae on outer margin.</p><p>THORAX. Without allurement organs; all coxae with a stripe of three to five rows of alveoli. Wing length about 1.9 times its width; wing membrane brown-hyaline; alveoli distributed uniformly on wing membrane; subcostal vein short ending beyond the origin of R 4; fork of R 2+3 at the same level as M 1+2 and joining R 4; fork of M 1+2 weak; R 5 ending at the wing apex; CuA 2 ending at wing margin.</p><p>TERMINALIA (Fig. 13B–D). Hypandrium is a distinct band that connects the gonocoxites, plate-like; gonocoxites cylindrical, shorter than gonostyli, gonostyli digitiform and outcurved, with rounded-blunt apex; aedeagus digitiform and outcurved, evenly narrowing towards the apex, apex pointed, ending at the level of the apex of the paramere, paramere digitiform and out curved, paramere evenly narrowing towards the apex, apex pointed; ejaculatory apodeme almost cylindrical, waisted and resembling a broad hour-glass shape, about the same length of the aedeagus; gonocoxal apodemes fused; epandrium like a narrow rectangle, about four times wider than long; hypoproct tongue-shaped, longer than epandrium and covered in small setulae, epiproct shorter than hypoproct; surstyli conical, evenly tapering towards the apex, with one apical tenaculum, tenaculum with rounded apex.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Only known from the type locality in Colombia (Fig. 1).</p><p>DNA barcodes</p><p>No specimens were available for DNA extraction.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FB55406939DB1CC555F9620E150470	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jaume-Schinkel, Santiago;Kilian, Isabel C.;Pazmiño-Palomino, Alex;Mengual, Ximo	Jaume-Schinkel, Santiago, Kilian, Isabel C., Pazmiño-Palomino, Alex, Mengual, Ximo (2025): Revision of the genus Bryopharsos Quate, 1996 (Diptera: Psychodidae) with the description of nine new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1001 (1): 1-51, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1001.2951, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2951/13319
03FB55406935DB1AC559FE760E1506DC.text	03FB55406935DB1AC559FE760E1506DC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bryopharsos gorgona Jaume-Schinkel 2025	<div><p>Bryopharsos gorgona Jaume-Schinkel sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 7BE7FB52-C67C-417B-86AF-CCA712ADB470</p><p>Figs 1, 14</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Male</p><p>Eye bridge with four facet rows (Fig. 14A); wing 2.5 times as long as wide; ejaculatory apodeme short, with anterior margin straight, shorter than the aedeagus (Fig. 14B, D); gonocoxal apodeme projecting anteriorly; surstyli with six apical tenacula (Fig. 14B–C); aedeagus digitiform, with rounded apex, paramere digitiform and longer than aedeagus. This species shares the same number of apical tenacula in the surstyli as B. gorgona sp. nov. but it can be easily differentiated by the length of the hypandrium (hypandrium length is longer than aedeagal width in B. gorgona, hypandrium length is shorter than aedeagal width in B. chuspi sp. nov.), and the shape of the epandrium (rectangular in B. gorgona, U-shaped in B. chuspi).</p><p>Female</p><p>Unknown.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The specific name ʻ gorgona ʼ derives from the name of the type locality, Gorgona Island. To be treated as a name in apposition.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype COLOMBIA – Cauca • ♂; Guapí, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=78.1856&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=2.9689" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 78.1856/lat 2.9689)">Gorgona Island</a>, alta <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=78.1856&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=2.9689" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 78.1856/lat 2.9689)">El Mirador</a>; 2.9689° N, 78.1856° E; alt. 180 m; 4–24 Mar. 2000; R. Doque leg.; LACM, LACM-ENT-279394.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>COLOMBIA – Cauca • 2 ♂♂; same data as for holotype; LACM, LACM–ENT-279395, LACM-ENT-279388 .</p><p>Description</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. In mm (n = 3). Wing length: 2.27 (2.204–2.55), wing width: 0.90 (0.85–0.96); head length: 0.40 (0.40–0.40), head width: 0.45 (0.45–0.45); antennal segments: scape: 0.10 (0.10–0.10), pedicel: 0.06 (0.06–0.06), flagellomere 1: 0.11 (0.11–0.12), flagellomeres 2–9: 0.12 (0.12–0.12), palpal segment 1: 0.05 (0.05–0.06), palpal segment 2: 0.07 (0.07–0.07), palpal segment 3: 0.07 (0.07–0.07), palpal segment 4: 0.08 (0.08–0.08).</p><p>Holotype male</p><p>HEAD (Fig. 14A). A little wider than long; eye bridge contiguous, with four rows of facets, interocular suture absent; post-ocular alveoli not enlarged and non-distinguishable from the remaining alveoli on the head; the frontal patch of alveoli not divided, rectangular with the lower and upper margins straight. Antennal scape is about two times as long as the pedicel, cylindrical; pedicel spherical; flagellomeres are asymmetrical and nodiform, with scattered setae on the basal half surface, apical flagellomeres absent, the maximum number of flagellomeres present in examined material: 9; ascoids absent in examined material. Palpal segments cylindrical, palpal segment 4 apically pointed, palpal proportions: 1.0:1.3:1.3:1.5; labium without any strong sclerite; labella not bulbous with 3–4 setae on the outer margin.</p><p>THORAX. Without allurement organs; all coxae with a stripe of three to five rows of alveoli. Wing length about two times its width; wing membrane brown-hyaline; alveoli distributed uniformly on wing membrane; subcostal vein short ending beyond the origin of R 4; fork of R 2+3 basal to the level of M 1+2 and joining R 4; fork of M 1+2 weakly sclerotized; R 5 ending at the wing apex; CuA 2 ending at wing margin.</p><p>TERMINALIA (Fig. 14B–D). Hypandrium is a distinct band that connects the gonocoxites, plate-like; gonocoxites are cylindrical, about two-thirds the length of the gonostyli, gonostyli digitiform; gonocoxal lobes without anterior projection, fused, and with 4–5 setae on each side; aedeagus digitiform with rounded apex, ending slightly after the apex of the paramere, paramere digitiform, evenly tapering towards apex, with pointed apex; ejaculatory apodeme with anterior margin straight, about the same length of the aedeagus; epandrium rectangular; hypoproct V-shaped, and covered in small setulae, epiproct broader and shorter than hypoproct; surstyli conical narrowing towards the apex, with six apical tenacula, tenacula with rounded apex.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Only known from the type locality in Colombia (Fig. 1).</p><p>DNA barcodes</p><p>No specimens were available for DNA extraction.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FB55406935DB1AC559FE760E1506DC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jaume-Schinkel, Santiago;Kilian, Isabel C.;Pazmiño-Palomino, Alex;Mengual, Ximo	Jaume-Schinkel, Santiago, Kilian, Isabel C., Pazmiño-Palomino, Alex, Mengual, Ximo (2025): Revision of the genus Bryopharsos Quate, 1996 (Diptera: Psychodidae) with the description of nine new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1001 (1): 1-51, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1001.2951, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2951/13319
03FB55406933DB19C6AFFBDC0E15015F.text	03FB55406933DB19C6AFFBDC0E15015F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bryopharsos insperatum Jaume-Schinkel 2025	<div><p>Bryopharsos insperatum Jaume-Schinkel sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: EE933B1F-738A-48DE-9693-4129341979F4</p><p>Figs 1, 15–16</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Male</p><p>Eye bridge with four facet rows (Fig. 15A); wing 2.2 times as long as wide; ejaculatory apodeme cylindrical and hour-glass-shaped (Fig. 15B), about the same length as the aedeagus; gonocoxal apodeme fused; surstyli with one tenaculum (Figs 15C–D, 16B); aedeagus digitiform, out curved and evenly tapering towards apex (Fig. 16 A). This species shares the same number of apical tenaculum in the surstyli (one apical tenaculum) with B. uncinatum and B. paulistensis . Still, it can be easily differentiated by the number of rows of facets in the eye bridge (three in B. insperatum sp nov., four in B. uncinatum, and five in B. paulistensis).</p><p>Female</p><p>Unknown.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The specific name ʻ insperatum ʼ derives from the Latin word ʻ insperatus ʼ (neuter ʻ insperatum ʼ), meaning unexpected, referring to unexpectedly finding a new species while looking in the collections. Name to be treated as an adjective.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype COSTA RICA – Heredia • ♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=83.0175&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.806667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 83.0175/lat 9.806667)">Limon Rs. Biol. Hitoy Cerere</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=83.0175&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.806667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 83.0175/lat 9.806667)">Rio Cerrere</a>, sidestream; 9.806667° N, 83.0175° E; alt. 100–200 m; 17–26 Feb. 1999; L.W. Quate leg.; Malaise trap; LACM, INBIO CRI001473066.</p><p>Description</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. In mm (n = 1). Wing length: 2.87, wing width: 1.29; head length: 0.52, head width: 0.61; antennal segments: scape: 0.14, pedicel: 0.09, flagellomere 1: 0.18, flagellomeres 2–12: 0.20; palpal segment 1: 0.07, palpal segment 2: 0.10, palpal segment 3: 0.10, palpal segment 4: 0.20.</p><p>Holotype male</p><p>HEAD (Fig. 15A). A little wider than long; eye bridge contiguous, with four rows of facets, interocular suture absent; post-ocular alveoli not enlarged and non-distinguishable from the remaining alveoli on the head; the frontal patch of alveoli not divided, triangular with lower margin straight. Antennal scape about two times the length of the pedicel, cylindrical; pedicel spherical, smaller than scape; flagellomeres asymmetrical and nodiform, with scattered setae on the basal half surface, apical flagellomeres absent in examined material, the maximum number of flagellomeres present is 12; ascoids rectangular and broad, about the same length, and about two times as wide as flagellomere carrying them. Palpal segments cylindrical, palpal segment 4 apically pointed, with bilobed apex, palpal proportions: 1.0:1.4:1.4:2.8; labium without any strong sclerite; labella not bulbous with 3–4 setae on outer margin.</p><p>THORAX. Without allurement organs; all coxae with a stripe of three to five rows of alveoli. Wing length about 2.2 times its width; wing membrane brown-hyaline; alveoli distributed uniformly on wing membrane; subcostal vein short ending beyond the origin of R 4; fork of R 2+3 at the basal to the level of M 1+2 and joining R 4; fork of M 1+2 weakly sclerotized, almost appears as it is not joining; R 5 ending at the wing apex; CuA 2 ending at wing margin.</p><p>TERMINALIA (Figs 15B–D, 16). Hypandrium is a distinct band that connects the gonocoxites, plate-like; gonocoxites cylindrical, longer than gonostyli, gonostyli conical, with rounded-blunt apex; gonocoxal apodeme not anteriorly projected; gonocoxal lobes posteriorly projected on each side, each lobe with five setae; aedeagus digitiform and out curved, evenly narrowing towards the apex, apex rounded, and ending beyond the apex of the paramere, paramere digitiform (Fig. 16A), broader than aedeagus, with apex rounded; ejaculatory apodeme with anterior margin round (Fig. 16A), about the same length of the aedeagus; epandrium not discernable in examined material, but appears U-shaped; hypoproct tongue-shaped (Fig. 15D), and covered in small setulae, epiproct shorter than hypoproct; surstyli conical, slightly tapering towards the apex and curved ventrally, with one apical tenaculum, tenaculum with rounded apex.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Only known from the type locality in Costa Rica (Fig. 1).</p><p>DNA barcodes</p><p>No specimens were available for DNA extraction.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FB55406933DB19C6AFFBDC0E15015F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jaume-Schinkel, Santiago;Kilian, Isabel C.;Pazmiño-Palomino, Alex;Mengual, Ximo	Jaume-Schinkel, Santiago, Kilian, Isabel C., Pazmiño-Palomino, Alex, Mengual, Ximo (2025): Revision of the genus Bryopharsos Quate, 1996 (Diptera: Psychodidae) with the description of nine new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1001 (1): 1-51, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1001.2951, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2951/13319
03FB55406930DB24C566FB5C085F0032.text	03FB55406930DB24C566FB5C085F0032.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bryopharsos palpiculum Quate 1996	<div><p>Bryopharsos palpiculum Quate, 1996</p><p>Figs 1, 17–18</p><p>Bryopharsos palpiculum Quate, 1996: 41 . Type locality: Costa Rica, Heredia, Estación Biológica La Selva (INBio).</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Male</p><p>Eye bridge with five facet rows (Fig. 17A); wing 2.4 times as long as wide; ejaculatory apodeme subcircular in ventral view; gonocoxal apodeme with a spine-shaped projection; surstyli with four tenacula (Fig. 17C); aedeagus long and straight, narrowing at the apex (Fig. 17B). This species shares five face rows with B. paulistensis but they can be easily differentiated by the number of tenacula on the surstyli (four in B. palpiculum, one in B. paulistensis).</p><p>Female (adapted from Quate 1999)</p><p>Subgenital plate with slender constriction before small apical lobes, triangular in shape before constriction; membranous plate indistinct; genital chamber faint, without distinct structure, appears as a spherical structure partially divided apically (see Quate 1999: 434–435, fig. 7c).</p><p>Material examined</p><p>COSTA RICA – Heredia • 6 ♂♂; Puerto Viejo de Sarapaqui, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=78.95802&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.11862" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 78.95802/lat 0.11862)">Estación Biológica La Selva</a>; 0.11862° N, 78.95802° E; alt. 50–100 m; 15 Dec. 1993; LACM, INBIO CRI001470484, INBIO CRI001470634, INBIO CRI001470595, INBIO CRI001470134, INBIO CRI001470343, INBIO CRI001470240 . ECUADOR – Pichincha • 1 ♂; Pedro Vicente Maldonado, near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=78.95805&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.11862" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 78.95805/lat 0.11862)">San Pancracio</a>, roadway to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=78.95805&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.11862" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 78.95805/lat 0.11862)">Pachijal</a>; 0.11862° N, 78.95805° E; alt. 770 m; 25–28 Jan. 2020; Isabel Kilian leg.; MECN, ZFMK-TIS-2628311 • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; ZFMK, ZFMK-TIS-2629904 • 2 ♂♂; same data as for preceding; 0.1156° N, 78.9580° E; alt. 750 m; 1–9 Feb. 2022; ZFMK, ZFMK-TIS-2637073, ZFMK-TIS-2637080 • 1 ♂; MECN, ZFMK-TIS-2637071 .</p><p>NICARAGUA – Rio San Juan • 5 ♂♂ SE of San Carlos; 10.9666° N, 84.3333° E; alt. 30 m; 6–10 Feb. 2000; L.W. Quate leg.; Malaise trap; lowland rain forest; LACM LACM-ENT-279365, LACM-ENT-279366, LACM-ENT-279367, LACM-ENT-279368, LACM-ENT-279369 .</p><p>PANAMA – Canal Zone • 1 ♂; Barro Colorado Island; 9.1500° N, 79.8500° E; 11–18 Aug. 1993; J. Pickering leg.; LACM, LACM-ENT-279380 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; 28 Jul.–4Aug. 1993; LACM • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 31 Jan.–7 Feb. 1996; LACM, LACM-ENT-279374 • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 6–13 Oct. 1996; LACM, LACM-ENT-279373 • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 23–30 Oct. 1996; LACM, LACM-ENT-279372 • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 18–27 Dec. 1996; LACM, LACM-ENT-279370 • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 1996; LACM, LACM-ENT-279378. – Guna Yala (previously known as San Blas) • 1 ♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=79.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.3333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 79.0/lat 9.3333)">Nusagandi Reserve</a>; 9.3333° N, 79.0000° E; 12–19 Feb. 1994; J. Pickering leg; LACM, LACM-ENT-279377 • 3 ♂♂; same data as for preceding; 24 Jun.–4 Jul. 1993; LACM, LACM-ENT-279371; LACM-ENT-279379; LACM-ENT-279376 .</p><p>Redescription</p><p>Female</p><p>HEAD. About as long as wide, eye bridge contiguous with four facet rows; interocular suture absent; five enlarged post-ocular alveoli on each lateral margin; frontal patch of alveoli undivided, triangular with rounded vertices. Antennal scape about 1.5 times as long as the pedicel, cylindrical; pedicel spherical, shorter than scape; flagellomeres smaller than male flagellomeres, asymmetrical-podiform, apical flagellomeres missing in examined material; palpal segments cylindrical, apical palpal segment with pointed apex; palpal proportions: 1.0:1.2:1.2:1.5.</p><p>THORAX. Without allurement organs. Wing. 2.3 times as long as wide, wing membrane brown-hyaline, alveoli distributed uniformly on wing membrane; subcostal vein short ending beyond the origin of R 4; fork of R 2+3 at the same level as M 1+2 and joining R 4; fork of M 1+2 weak; R 5 ending at the wing apex; CuA 2 ending at wing margin. Tergite nine with apical lobes (Fig. 18A), broad and digitiform, about the same length as tergite nine; subgenital plate membranous except for apical lobes which are sclerotized, basal margin round, with a constriction before apical lobes; genital chamber membranous, barely visible; cerci short, about the same length as the subgenital plate.</p><p>EGG (Fig. 18B). Length 0.336 ± 0.020 mm. Width 0.14 ± 0.032 mm (n = 8). No exochorion sculptures where observed along the long axis of the egg. No aeropiles were observed in the posterior pole. The anterior pole presents a cylindrical projection of about 0.02 mm, with a truncated apex, without exochorion sculptures.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Costa Rica, Panama (Quate 1996; Bravo &amp; Araújo 2019), and Ecuador (this publication, new record) (Fig. 1).</p><p>DNA barcodes</p><p>Five specimens were successfully sequenced: ZFMK-TIS-2628311, ZFMK-TIS-2629904, ZFMK-TIS-2637071, ZFMK-TIS-2637073, ZFMK-TIS-2637080. The maximum intraspecific uncorrected pairwise distance for COI sequences was 1.07% or 7 bp.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Quate (1996) originally described B. palpiculum based on male specimens. Later, he (Quate 1999) described the females collected in Nusagandi Reserve (Panama) appealing to the co-occurrence of these female specimens with males of B. palpiculum . These females were the first known and reported female specimens of Bryopharsos . The female description is relatively brief and the illustration only shows the genital chamber and the subgenital plate.</p><p>In this study, the association between the examined male and female specimens was done using the DNA barcodes (see section above). Our specimen differs from that on the drawings provided by Quate (1999), i.e., in specimen ZFMK-TIS-2637073 the paramere looks shorter than in Quate’s drawing while in specimen ZFMK-TIS-2637080, the paramere is strongly curved (although the shape/position likely changed during the mounting process). In specimen ZFMK-TIS-2637071, the base of the paramere looks broader than on Quate’s drawing, but the general morphology is similar. The variation can be explained by the angle in which the terminalia were prepared on the microscope slides, but when comparing with other specimens deposited in other collections there is no doubt they all belong to the same species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FB55406930DB24C566FB5C085F0032	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jaume-Schinkel, Santiago;Kilian, Isabel C.;Pazmiño-Palomino, Alex;Mengual, Ximo	Jaume-Schinkel, Santiago, Kilian, Isabel C., Pazmiño-Palomino, Alex, Mengual, Ximo (2025): Revision of the genus Bryopharsos Quate, 1996 (Diptera: Psychodidae) with the description of nine new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1001 (1): 1-51, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1001.2951, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2951/13319
03FB5540690DDB25C6A0FAA90E1504E3.text	03FB5540690DDB25C6A0FAA90E1504E3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bryopharsos paulistensis Bravo & Araujo 2019	<div><p>Bryopharsos paulistensis Bravo &amp; Araújo, 2019</p><p>Figs 1, 19</p><p>Bryopharsos paulistensis Bravo &amp; Araújo, 2019: 365 . Type locality: Brazil, São Paulo, Sete Barras (MZFS).</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Male</p><p>Eye bridge of five facet rows (Fig. 19A); wing two times as long as wide; ejaculatory apodeme subrectangular in ventral view (Fig. 19B); gonocoxal apodeme with anterior projection as a lobe (Fig. 19B); surstyli with one tenaculum (Fig. 19C); aedeagus long and expanded, hemispheric basally and narrowly pointed at the apex (Fig. 19B). This species is similar to B. uncinatum, both can be easily differentiated by the number of facet rows in the eye bridge (four in B. uncinatum, five in B. paulistensis).</p><p>Female</p><p>Unknown.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>None.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Brazil (Bravo &amp; Araújo 2019) (Fig. 1).</p><p>DNA barcodes</p><p>No specimens were available for DNA extraction.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FB5540690DDB25C6A0FAA90E1504E3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jaume-Schinkel, Santiago;Kilian, Isabel C.;Pazmiño-Palomino, Alex;Mengual, Ximo	Jaume-Schinkel, Santiago, Kilian, Isabel C., Pazmiño-Palomino, Alex, Mengual, Ximo (2025): Revision of the genus Bryopharsos Quate, 1996 (Diptera: Psychodidae) with the description of nine new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1001 (1): 1-51, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1001.2951, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2951/13319
03FB5540690BDB21C6ACFEEF09E90495.text	03FB5540690BDB21C6ACFEEF09E90495.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bryopharsos septenacula Jaume-Schinkel 2025	<div><p>Bryopharsos septenacula Jaume-Schinkel sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: D9D297C4-05C9-4217-9EB0-9E0355EB9FB2</p><p>Figs 1, 20–21</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Male</p><p>Eye bridge with four facet rows (Fig. 20A); wing 2.1 times as long as wide; ejaculatory apodeme oval, about the same length as the aedeagus (Figs 20B, 21); gonocoxal apodeme with spine-like anterior projection; surstyli with seven tenacula (Figs 20B, 21); aedeagus digitiform and evenly tapering towards apex, and ending before the apex of paramere (Fig. 21), paramere shaped as an inverted J (Fig. 21B). This species shares the same number of facet rows in the eye bridge as B. uncinatum, B. tritaleum, B. clavigum, B. amazonensis, and B. claviformosum, but it can be easily differentiated by the number of tenacula on the surstyli (seven in B. septenacula sp. nov., five in B. amazonensis and B. claviformosum, one in B. uncinatum, and four in B. tritaleum).</p><p>Female</p><p>Unknown.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The specific name derives from the Latin words ʻ septem ʼ meaning seven, and ʻ tenaculum ʼ (plural ʻ tenacula ʼ), the so-called stiff flattened setae on the inner apical surface of the surstyli of many Psychodidae . The name makes reference to the number of tenacula present in the species. Specific name to be treated as name in apposition.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype ECUADOR – Pichincha • ♂; Pedro Vicente Maldonado, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=78.95805&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.11561" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 78.95805/lat 0.11561)">Parroquia Pedro Vicente Maldonado</a>, near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=78.95805&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.11561" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 78.95805/lat 0.11561)">San Pancracio</a>, roadway to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=78.95805&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.11561" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 78.95805/lat 0.11561)">Pachijal</a>; 0.11561° N, 78.95805° E; alt. 750 m; 1–9 Feb. 2022; Isabel Kilian leg.; MECN, ZFMK-TIS-2637106.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>ECUADOR – Pichincha • 5 ♂♂; same data as for holotype; ZFMK, ZFMK-TIS-2637088, ZFMK-TIS-2637153, ZFMK-TIS-2637157, ZFMK-TIS-2637174, ZFMK-TIS-2637170 • 1 ♂; same data as for holotype; MECN, ZFMK-TIS-2637178 • 1 ♂; same data as for holotype; 0.11862° N, 78.95805° E; alt. 770 m; 30 Dec. 2021 – 5 Jan. 2022; ZFMK, ZFMK-TIS-2636933 . – Esmeraldas • 1 ♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=80.0253&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.64562" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 80.0253/lat 0.64562)">Parroquia San Francisco del Cabo</a>, canton <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=80.0253&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.64562" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 80.0253/lat 0.64562)">Bunche</a>; 0.64562° N, 80.0253° E; alt. 46 m; 30 Dec. 2021 – 5 Jan. 2022; ZFMK, ZFMK-TIS-2636988 • 2 ♂♂; same data as for preceding; 25–28 Jan. 2020; ZFMK, ZFMK-TIS-2629871, ZFMK-TIS-2629873 .</p><p>Description</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. In mm (n = 5). Wing length: 1.70 (1.80–1.50), wing width: 0.79 (0.80–0.72); head length: 0.40 (0.40), head width: 0.35 (0.35); antennal segments: scape: 0.10 (0.11–0.08), pedicel: 0.06 (0.06–0.05), flagellomeres 1–7: 0.1 (0.11–0.10); palpal segment 1: 0.05 (0.5), palpal segment 2: 0.07 (0.07), palpal segment 3: 0.07 (0.07), palpal segment 4: 0.07 (0.07).</p><p>Holotype male</p><p>HEAD (Fig. 20A). A little wider than long; eye bridge contiguous, with four rows of facets, interocular suture absent; post-ocular alveoli not enlarged and non-distinguishable from the remaining alveoli on the head; the frontal patch of alveoli not divided, trapezoidal with upper and lower margins straight. Antennal scape about two times the length of the pedicel, almost cylindrical; pedicel spherical, smaller than scape; flagellomeres asymmetrical and nodiform, with scattered setae on the basal half surface, apical flagellomeres absent in examined material, the maximum number of flagellomeres present seven; ascoids rectangular and broad, about the same length, and about two times as wide as flagellomere carrying them. Palpal segments cylindrical, palpal segment 4 with pointed apex, palpal proportions: 1.0:1.5:1.5:1.5; labium without any strong sclerite; labella not bulbous with 3–4 setae on outer margin.</p><p>THORAX. Without allurement organs; all coxae with a stripe of three to five rows of alveoli. Wing length about 2.1 times its width; wing membrane brown-hyaline; alveoli distributed uniformly on wing membrane; subcostal vein short ending beyond the origin of R 4; fork of R 2+3 at the same level as M 1+2 and joining R 4; fork of M 1+2 weak; R 5 ending at the wing apex; CuA 2 ending at wing margin.</p><p>TERMINALIA (Figs 20B, 21). Hypandrium is a distinct band that connects the gonocoxites, plate-like; gonocoxites about the same length as gonostyli, gonostyli slightly incurved, with rounded-blunt apex; aedeagus digitiform, evenly narrowing towards the apex, apex rounded, ending beyond the level of the paramere, paramere resembling an inverted ʻJʼ (Fig. 21), apex pointed; ejaculatory apodeme oval, about the same length as the aedeagus, anterior margin rounded; gonocoxal apodemes projected anteriorly and fused, resembling an inverted and wide ʻUʼ, spine of the gonocoxal lobes present; epandrium narrow, rectangular, about three times as wide long; hypoproct digitiform, shorter than epandrium and covered in small setulae, epiproct shorter than hypoproct; surstyli conical, slightly tapering towards the apex and curved ventrally, with seven apical tenacula, tenacula with rounded apex.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Only known from the type locality in Ecuador (Fig. 1).</p><p>DNA barcodes</p><p>Eleven specimens were successfully sequenced ZFMK-TIS-2629871, ZFMK-TIS-2629873, ZFMK-TIS-2636933, ZFMK-TIS-2636988, ZFMK-TIS-2637088, ZFMK-TIS-2637106, ZFMK-TIS-2637153, ZFMK-TIS-2637157, ZFMK-TIS-2637170, ZFMK-TIS-2637174, and ZFMK-TIS-2637178. The maximum intraspecific uncorrected pairwise distance for COI sequences was 0.46% or 2 bp.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FB5540690BDB21C6ACFEEF09E90495	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jaume-Schinkel, Santiago;Kilian, Isabel C.;Pazmiño-Palomino, Alex;Mengual, Ximo	Jaume-Schinkel, Santiago, Kilian, Isabel C., Pazmiño-Palomino, Alex, Mengual, Ximo (2025): Revision of the genus Bryopharsos Quate, 1996 (Diptera: Psychodidae) with the description of nine new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1001 (1): 1-51, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1001.2951, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2951/13319
03FB55406908DB2FC6B0FE130E15012D.text	03FB55406908DB2FC6B0FE130E15012D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bryopharsos tetracanthus Jaume-Schinkel 2025	<div><p>Bryopharsos tetracanthus Jaume-Schinkel sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 635E31CD-1373-4E14-B29E-381911CCAE3C</p><p>Figs 1, 22</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Male</p><p>Eye bridge with four facet rows (Fig. 22A); wing 2.4 times as long as wide; ejaculatory apodeme cylindrical and hour-glass-shaped (Fig. 22B), about the same length as the aedeagus (Fig. 22D); gonocoxal apodeme fused; surstyli with three apical tenacula (Fig. 22B–C); aedeagus digitiform, curved and evenly tapering towards apex (Fig. 22D). This species shares the same number of apical tenacula in the surstyli (three tenacula) with B. tritaleum but it can be easily differentiated by the distribution of the apical tenacula in the surstyli (closely together at the apex in B. tetracanthus sp. nov., 2 apical tenacula separated from 1 basal tenaculum in B. tritaleum), and the shape of the aedeagus (digitiform and curved in B. tetracanthus, digitiform and straight in B. tritaleum).</p><p>Female</p><p>Unknown.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The specific name ʻ tetracanthus ʼ derives from the Greek word ʻτετρα-ʼ (ʻtetra-ʼ) as a prefix, meaning four, and the Greek word ʻἄκαΝΘΟςʼ (ʻákanthosʼ), meaning spine. The specific name makes reference to the four spines located in between the apical tenacula in the surstyli. Specific name to be treated as a name in apposition.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype COLOMBIA – Magdalena • ♂; Sierra Nevada de Santa Maria, El Ramo; alt. 2400 m; 10–24 May 2000; I. Uribe leg.; Malaise trap; LACM, LACM-ENT-279397.</p><p>Description</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. In mm (n = 1). Wing length: 1.92, wing width: 0.80; head length: 0.39, head width: 0.46; antennal segments: scape: 0.08, pedicel: 0.06, flagellomeres 1–4: 0.11; palpal segment 1: 0.05, palpal segment 2: 0.06, palpal segment 3: 0.06, palpal segment 4: 0.07.</p><p>Holotype male</p><p>HEAD (Fig. 22A). A little wider than long; eye bridge contiguous, with four rows of facets, interocular suture absent; post-ocular alveoli not enlarged and non-distinguishable from the remaining alveoli on the head; the frontal patch of alveoli not divided, trapezoidal with the lower margin with a concavity in the middle. Antennal scape about the same length as pedicel, cylindrical; pedicel spherical, about the same length as scape; flagellomeres asymmetrical and nodiform, with scattered setae on the basal half surface, apical flagellomeres absent in examined material, the maximum number of flagellomeres present is seven; ascoids absent in examined material. Palpal segments cylindrical, palpal segment 4 apically pointed, palpal proportions: 1.0:1.2:1.2:1.4; labium without any strong sclerite; labella not bulbous with 3–4 setae on outer margin.</p><p>THORAX. Without allurement organs; all coxae with a stripe of three to five rows of alveoli. Wing length about 2.4 times its width; wing membrane brown-hyaline; alveoli distributed uniformly on wing membrane; subcostal vein short ending beyond the origin of R 4; fork of R 2+3 at the same level as M 1+2 and joining R 4; fork of M 1+2 normally sclerotized; R 5 ending at the wing apex; CuA 2 ending at wing margin.</p><p>TERMINALIA (Fig. 22B–D). Hypandrium is a distinct band that connects the gonocoxites, stripe-like; gonocoxites cylindrical, shorter than gonostyli, gonostyli digitiform, with rounded apex; gonocoxal apodeme anteriorly projected with rectangular anterior margin; gonocoxal lobes with four setae on each side, spine of the gonocoxal lobes present; aedeagus digitiform and curved, evenly narrowing towards the apex, apex pointed, ending beyond the apex of the paramere, paramere digitiform, rounded at apex; ejaculatory apodeme with anterior margin rounded, shorter than the length of the aedeagus; epandrium plate-like, square and resembling an inverted U (Fig. 22C); hypoproct elongated, almost thumb-like, about three times as long as wide, and covered in small setulae, epiproct shorter than hypoproct, about as wide as long; surstyli conical, tapering towards the apex and curved ventrally, with three close-together apical tenacula, tenacula with rounded apex, with additional 4 spiniform projections in-between the tenacula (Fig. 22B–D).</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Only known from the type locality in Colombia (Fig. 1).</p><p>DNA barcodes</p><p>No specimens were available for DNA extraction.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FB55406908DB2FC6B0FE130E15012D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jaume-Schinkel, Santiago;Kilian, Isabel C.;Pazmiño-Palomino, Alex;Mengual, Ximo	Jaume-Schinkel, Santiago, Kilian, Isabel C., Pazmiño-Palomino, Alex, Mengual, Ximo (2025): Revision of the genus Bryopharsos Quate, 1996 (Diptera: Psychodidae) with the description of nine new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1001 (1): 1-51, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1001.2951, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2951/13319
03FB55406906DB2FC51BFBAA0E1502CA.text	03FB55406906DB2FC51BFBAA0E1502CA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bryopharsos tritaleum Quate 1996	<div><p>Bryopharsos tritaleum Quate, 1996</p><p>Figs 1, 23</p><p>Bryopharsos tritaleum Quate, 1996: 41 . Type locality: Costa Rica, Heredia, Estación Biológica La Selva (INBio).</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Male</p><p>Eye bridge with four facet rows; wing 2.2 times as long as wide; ejaculatory apodeme ovoid in ventral view; gonocoxal apodeme with a spine-shaped projection (Fig. 23A); surstyli with three tenacula (Fig. 23B); aedeagus straight with a pointed apex (Fig. 23A). This species is similar to B. asymmetricum sp. nov. They can be easily differentiated by the number of facet rows in the eye bridge (four in B. tritaleum; five in B. asymmetricum), and the length of the ejaculatory apodeme (about as long as the aedeagus in B. tritaleum; shorter than the aedeagus in B. asymmetricum).</p><p>Female</p><p>Unknown.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>None.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Costa Rica (Quate 1996; Bravo &amp; Araújo 2019) (Fig. 1).</p><p>DNA barcodes</p><p>No specimens were available for DNA extraction.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FB55406906DB2FC51BFBAA0E1502CA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jaume-Schinkel, Santiago;Kilian, Isabel C.;Pazmiño-Palomino, Alex;Mengual, Ximo	Jaume-Schinkel, Santiago, Kilian, Isabel C., Pazmiño-Palomino, Alex, Mengual, Ximo (2025): Revision of the genus Bryopharsos Quate, 1996 (Diptera: Psychodidae) with the description of nine new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1001 (1): 1-51, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1001.2951, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2951/13319
03FB55406905DB2DC55DFEEF0E1504E3.text	03FB55406905DB2DC55DFEEF0E1504E3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bryopharsos uncinatum Bravo & Araujo 2019	<div><p>Bryopharsos uncinatum Bravo &amp; Araújo, 2019</p><p>Figs 1, 24</p><p>Bryopharsos uncinatum Bravo &amp; Araújo, 2019: 365 . Type locality: Brazil, São Paulo, Sete Barras (MZFS).</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Male</p><p>Eye bridge with four facet rows (Fig. 24A); wing two times as long as wide; ejaculatory apodeme subcircular in ventral view; gonocoxal apodeme without anterior projection (Fig. 24B); surstyli with one tenaculum (Fig. 24C); aedeagus hook-shaped (Fig. 24B). This species is similar to B. paulistensis with both species presenting only one tenaculum in the surstyli (the other species present 3–7 tenacula), but they can be differentiated by the number of facet rows in the eye bridge (four in B. uncinatum, five in B. paulistensis) and the spine of the gonocoxal apodeme (absent in B. uncinatum, present in B. paulistensis as rounded projections (referred to as lobes in Bravo &amp; Araújo 2019)).</p><p>Female</p><p>Unknown.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>None.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Brazil (Bravo &amp; Araújo 2019) (Fig. 1).</p><p>DNA barcodes</p><p>No specimens were available for DNA extraction.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FB55406905DB2DC55DFEEF0E1504E3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jaume-Schinkel, Santiago;Kilian, Isabel C.;Pazmiño-Palomino, Alex;Mengual, Ximo	Jaume-Schinkel, Santiago, Kilian, Isabel C., Pazmiño-Palomino, Alex, Mengual, Ximo (2025): Revision of the genus Bryopharsos Quate, 1996 (Diptera: Psychodidae) with the description of nine new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1001 (1): 1-51, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1001.2951, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2951/13319
03FB55406903DB2BC7E1FEEF0865069D.text	03FB55406903DB2BC7E1FEEF0865069D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bryopharsos Quate 1996	<div><p>Identification key to the males of Bryopharsos</p><p>1. Gonostyli bifurcate .................................................................... B. bifidum Jaume-Schinkel sp. nov.</p><p>– Gonostyli not bifurcate, digitiform ................................................................................................... 2</p><p>2. Surstyli with one tenaculum (Fig. 13B–C) ....................................................................................... 3</p><p>– Surstyli with two to seven tenacula (Figs 2C, 3A–D) ...................................................................... 6</p><p>3. Eye bridge with five facet rows (as in Figs 19A); gonocoxal lobes with additional enlarged lobes (Fig. 19B); aedeagus blade-like (Fig. 19B); parameres clavate (Fig. 19B) ........................................ ................................................................................................. B. paulistensis Bravo &amp; Araújo, 2019</p><p>– Eye bridge with three or four facet rows (as in Fig. 6A); other characters variable ......................... 4</p><p>4. Eye bridge with three facet rows; gonostyli curved outwards (as in Fig. 13B, D); aedeagus digitiform and curved outwards (as in Fig. 13B, D) ................................... B. curvum Jaume-Schinkel sp. nov.</p><p>– Eye bridge with four facet rows (Fig. 15A); gonostyli curved inwards; aedeagus variable ............. 5</p><p>5. Aedeagus hook-shaped (Fig. 24B); paramere wide and triangular .................................................... .................................................................................................. B. uncinatum Bravo &amp; Araújo, 2019</p><p>– Aedeagus digitiform (as in Figs 15B, 16A); paramere digitiform (as in Figs 15B, 16A) .................. .............................................................................................. B. insperatum Jaume-Schinkel sp. nov.</p><p>6. Surstyli with three to seven apical tenacula (Fig. 2C) ...................................................................... 8</p><p>– Surstyli with only two apical tenacula (Figs 5, 8C, 9B) ................................................................... 7</p><p>7. Aedeagus digitiform, (Figs 4C, 5); paramere digitiform, longer than the aedeagus (Figs 4C, 5); some specimens present two tenacula on one surstylus and three on the other (as in Figs 4C, 5) .............. ......................................................................................... B. asymmetricum Jaume-Schinkel sp. nov.</p><p>– Aedeagus digitiform with a rounded apex (Figs 8B, 9A); paramere digitiform, shorter than the aedeagus (Figs 8B, 9A); specimens always with two tenacula on each of the surstyli (Figs 8B, 9A) ................................................................................................ B. bitenacula Jaume-Schinkel sp. nov.</p><p>8. Surstyli with four to seven apical tenacula (Fig. 20B) ................................................................... 10</p><p>– Surstyli with only three apical tenacula (Fig. 22C) .......................................................................... 9</p><p>9. Aedeagus digitiform, curved (Fig. 22B, D), longer than paramere; surstyli with apical tenacula closely together (Fig. 22C) ............................................................. B. tetracanthus Jaume-Schinkel sp. nov.</p><p>– Aedeagus digitiform, straight (Fig. 23A), shorter than paramere; surstyli with apical tenacula separated, two apically and one basally placed (Fig. 23B) .......................................... B. tritaleum Quate, 1996</p><p>10. Eye bridge with four facet rows; aedeagus digitiform, straight, about the same length as paramere (Fig. 12B); surstyli with four tenacula (Fig. 12C); tenacula of equal length ...................................... ..................................................................................................................... B. clavigum Quate, 1996</p><p>– Eye bridge with four or five facet rows; aedeagus shape variable; length of aedeagus and paramere variable; surstyli with five to seven tenacula (Fig. 20B); tenacula length variable .........................11</p><p>11. Aedeagus digitiform, straight; aedeagus shorter than paramere; eye bridge with five face rows; surstyli with three or four apical tenacula (as in Fig. 17C); tenacula of equal length ..................................... .................................................................................................................. B. palpiculum Quate, 1996</p><p>– Aedeagus shape variable; length of aedeagus and paramere variable; eye bridge with four facet rows; surstyli with five, six, or seven apical tenacula; tenacula length variable ...................................... 12</p><p>12. Aedeagus digitiform (Fig. 21); paramere strongly curved resembling an inverted ʻJʼ (Fig. 21); surstyli with seven tenacula (Fig. 20B); tenacula of the same length ............................................................. ............................................................................................. B. septenacula Jaume-Schinkel sp. nov.</p><p>– Aedeagus digitiform, straight; surstyli with five or six tenacula; tenacula length variable ............ 13</p><p>13. Aedeagus digitiform, broader than the base of the paramere (Fig. 2C, see also Bravo &amp; Araujo 2019: fig. 29); surstyli with five tenacula ................................................................................................. 15</p><p>– Aedeagus digitiform, narrower than the base of the paramere (Figs 11A, 14D); surstyli with six tenacula ........................................................................................................................................... 14</p><p>14. Hypandrium shorter than aedeagal width; epandrium C-shaped ........................................................ ...................................................................................................... B. chuspi Jaume-Schinkel sp. nov.</p><p>– Hypandrium longer than aedeagal width; epandrium rectangular and not C-shaped ......................... ................................................................................................... B. gorgona Jaume-Schinkel sp. nov.</p><p>15. All five tenacula of the same length (Fig. 2C); ejaculatory apodeme shorter than aedeagus ............. ............................................................................................... B. amazonensis Bravo &amp; Araújo, 2019</p><p>– Tenacula of different lengths, four tenacula of equal length and one tenaculum shorter than others (Fig. 3C); ejaculatory apodeme about the same length as the aedeagus ............................................. ............................................................................................................ B. claviformosum Quate, 1996</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FB55406903DB2BC7E1FEEF0865069D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Jaume-Schinkel, Santiago;Kilian, Isabel C.;Pazmiño-Palomino, Alex;Mengual, Ximo	Jaume-Schinkel, Santiago, Kilian, Isabel C., Pazmiño-Palomino, Alex, Mengual, Ximo (2025): Revision of the genus Bryopharsos Quate, 1996 (Diptera: Psychodidae) with the description of nine new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1001 (1): 1-51, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1001.2951, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2951/13319
