identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
038287C0EF24B366D4F736B5FF2A652A.text	038287C0EF24B366D4F736B5FF2A652A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudoacanthocephalus nguyenthileae Amin, Ha & Heckmann 2008	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Pseudoacanthocephalus nguyenthileae Amin, Ha &amp; Heckmann, 2008 (Figs. 7, 8; Table 1) </p>
            <p> Host of present specimens:  Bufo melanostictus (Schneider) (  Anura :  Bufonidae ). </p>
            <p>Locality of present specimens: Shuiman, Wuzhishan Mountain, Hainan Province.</p>
            <p> Site in host: Intestine. </p>
            <p> Prevalence and intensity of infections: Ten out of 39 individuals of  B. melanostictus infected with intensity of 1–8 (mean 2.7) acanthocephalans. </p>
            <p> Voucher specimens:   Nine male, 10 females (HBNU – A–A2023015 ZL); deposited in the  College of Life Sciences , Hebei  Normal University, Hebei Province, China . </p>
            <p>Representative DNA sequences: Representative genetic data were deposited in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database (http://www.ncbi. nlm.nih.gov) under the accession numbers: PP447459, PP447460 (18S); PP466919, PP466920 (ITS); PP476963, PP476964 (cox1); PP486177, PP486178 (cox2); PP471562, PP471563 (12S); PP476192 (mitogenome).</p>
            <p>Remarks</p>
            <p> In the present study, the morphology of  P. nguyenthileae was observed using light microscopy and, for the first time, scanning electron microscopy based on newly collected specimens from  Bufo melanostictus (Schnei- der) in China. Te morphology and morphometric data of the present specimens agreed well with the original description of  P. nguyenthileae [1], including the size of the trunk, neck, lemnisci, proboscis receptacle and testis; the size and armature of the proboscis; the number and arrangement of cement glands (4 long and 4 clavate); and the size of eggs (See Table 1 for details). Furthermore, the present specimens and some of Amin et al.’s specimens were both collected from the same host  B. melanostictus in a neighboring region of Southeast Asia [1]. Consequently, we considered that the present specimens belong to  P. nguyenthileae . Te position of the genital pore of this species appears variable in both males and females from different hosts. Te present study also sequenced the partial cox1, cox2 and 12S data of  P. nguyenthileae for the first time, which displayed low level of intraspecific variation only in the partial cox 1 (1.52%) regions between different individuals of  P. nguyenthileae . Tese genetic data are very useful for molecular identification of this species in the future. Tis is the first report of this species in China. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287C0EF24B366D4F736B5FF2A652A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Zhao, Cui-Hong;Yang, Rui-Jia;Ru, Si-Si;Chen, Hui-Xia;Li, Dai-Xuan;Li, Liang	Zhao, Cui-Hong, Yang, Rui-Jia, Ru, Si-Si, Chen, Hui-Xia, Li, Dai-Xuan, Li, Liang (2024): Integrative taxonomy of the genus PSeUDoaCanthoCephaLUS (Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchida) in China, with the description of two new species and the characterization of the mitochondrial genomes of PSeUDoaCanthoCephaLUS SIChUanenSIS sp. n. and PSeUDoaCanthoCephaLUS nGUYenthILeae. Parasites & Vectors (541) 17 (1): 1-20, DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06528-7, URL: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-024-06528-7
038287C0EF26B360D4F73644FA4A678A.text	038287C0EF26B360D4F73644FA4A678A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudoacanthocephalus Petrochenko 1956	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Revised key to the species of the genus  Pseudoacanthocephalus</p>
            <p> 1. Proboscis oval, with 20–22 longitudinal hook rows and 10–12 hooks in each longitudinal row................... ..............................................................................  P. rauschi</p>
            <p>- Proboscis cylindrical ....................................................... 2</p>
            <p> 2. Proboscis distinctly elongated (0.86 mm), with 13–15 hooks in each longitudinal row ................  P. elongatus</p>
            <p>- Proboscis not elongated, with less than 13 hooks in each longitudinal row ..................................................... 3</p>
            <p> 3. Proboscis with 8–12 longitudinal hook rows............... ......................................................................  P. xenopeltidis</p>
            <p>- Proboscis with 12–22 longitudinal hook rows............ 4</p>
            <p>4. Parasitic in chameleons and snakes............................. 5</p>
            <p>- Parasitic in amphibians................................................... 6</p>
            <p> 5. Trunk of female 10.0–20.0 mm long, proboscis with 3 hooks each longitudinal row in male.......................... ............................................................  P. rhampholeonotos</p>
            <p> - Trunk of female 7.50 mm long, proboscis with 4 hooks each longitudinal row in male .......................... ............................................................................  P. bigueti</p>
            <p>6. Eggs with polar prolongations ...................................... 7</p>
            <p>- Eggs without polar prolongations ................................ 8</p>
            <p> 7. Proboscis with 14 longitudinal hook rows.................... ...............................................................................  P. lucidus</p>
            <p> - Proboscis with 14–16 longitudinal hook rows............. ............................................................................  P. toshimai</p>
            <p>8. Testes pre-equatorial....................................................... 9</p>
            <p>- Testes equatorial or post-equatorial......................... 10</p>
            <p> 9. Proboscis with 12–13 longitudinal hook rows............. ...........................................................................  P. smalesae</p>
            <p> - Proboscis with 16–18 longitudinal hook rows............. ....................................................  P. previatesticulus sp. n.</p>
            <p> 10. Trunk of female narrowed in middle region and distinctly widened towards posterior end .................  P. nickoli</p>
            <p>- Trunk of female not narrowed in middle region and not widened towards posterior end.......................... 11</p>
            <p>11. Proboscis hooks increase progressively in length from apical to basal position ...................................... 12</p>
            <p>- Proboscis hooks in middle region longer than that in apical and basal position ............................................. 13</p>
            <p>TL Length of trunk, TW maximum width of trunk, PS size of proboscis, NHR number of longitudinal rows of proboscis hooks, NHPR number of hooks per longitudinal row, NS neck size, PRS size of proboscis receptacle, LS size of lemnisci, ATS size of anterior testis, PTS size of posterior testis, ES egg size a All measurements in table are in millimeters</p>
            <p> 12. Proboscis with 12–15 longitudinal hook rows....  P. reesei</p>
            <p> - Proboscis with 16–18 longitudinal hook rows............. ..................................................................  P. nguyenthileae</p>
            <p>13. Male with eight cement glands.................................. 14</p>
            <p>- Male with six cement glands...................................... 15</p>
            <p> 14. Proboscis with 13 longitudinal hook rows.................... .........................................................................  P. coniformis</p>
            <p> - Proboscis with 18–20 longitudinal hook rows............. ..........................................................  P. sichuanensis sp. n.</p>
            <p> 15. Trunk of male only 2.60–3.20 mm long ........................ .........................................................................  P. perthensis</p>
            <p>- Trunk of male over 3.50 mm long............................. 16</p>
            <p>16. Lemnisci shorter or equal in length with proboscis receptacle........................................................................ 17</p>
            <p>- Lemnisci longer than proboscis receptacle ............ 18</p>
            <p> 17. Trunk of female about 7.0 mm long, proboscis 0.47 × 0.30 mm in size.....................................  P. betsileo</p>
            <p> - Trunk of female 11.0– 13.1 mm long, proboscis 0.50–0.55 × 0.37–0.43 mm in size ...........  P. caucasicus</p>
            <p>18. Cement glands pyriform ............................................. 19</p>
            <p>- Cement glands long, tubular or filiform .................. 21</p>
            <p> 19. Proboscis with 18–19 longitudinal hook rows, trunk of male 10.7–15.1 mm long ...............................  P. caspanensis</p>
            <p>- Proboscis with 14–18 longitudinal hook rows, trunk of male 4.00– 9.75 mm long ........................................ 20</p>
            <p> 20. Proboscis usually with 15–16 longitudinal hook rows, distributed in South America ...................  P. lutzi</p>
            <p> - Proboscis with 14 longitudinal hook rows, distributed in India .............................................  P. shillongensis</p>
            <p> 21. Trunk of female only 6.50–10.7 mm long, proboscis with 6–7 hooks each longitudinal row ......................... ......................................................................  P. bufonincola</p>
            <p>- Trunk of female 14.0–28.0 mm long, proboscis with 4–6 hooks each longitudinal row ............................. 22</p>
            <p> 22. Proboscis usually with 14 longitudinal hook rows...... ...........................................................................  P. goodmani</p>
            <p> - Proboscis usually with 16 longitudinal hook rows...... ...............................................................................  P. bufonis</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287C0EF26B360D4F73644FA4A678A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Zhao, Cui-Hong;Yang, Rui-Jia;Ru, Si-Si;Chen, Hui-Xia;Li, Dai-Xuan;Li, Liang	Zhao, Cui-Hong, Yang, Rui-Jia, Ru, Si-Si, Chen, Hui-Xia, Li, Dai-Xuan, Li, Liang (2024): Integrative taxonomy of the genus PSeUDoaCanthoCephaLUS (Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchida) in China, with the description of two new species and the characterization of the mitochondrial genomes of PSeUDoaCanthoCephaLUS SIChUanenSIS sp. n. and PSeUDoaCanthoCephaLUS nGUYenthILeae. Parasites & Vectors (541) 17 (1): 1-20, DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06528-7, URL: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-024-06528-7
038287C0EF20B362D74D36A7FAA266E8.text	038287C0EF20B362D74D36A7FAA266E8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudoacanthocephalus sichuanensis Zhao & Yang & Ru & Chen & Li & Li 2024	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Mitogenomes of  Pseudoacanthocephalus sichuanensis and  P. nguyenthileae</p>
            <p> Te complete mitogenomes of  P. sichuanensis and  P. nguyenthileae have 15812 bp and 13701 bp, respectively, both of which include 36 genes, containing 12 PCGs (cox1–3, cytb, nad1–6, nad4L and atp6, missing atp8), 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes and two rRNA genes (rrnL and rrnS) (Fig. 11; Additional file 7: Table S4; Additional file 8: Table S5). Two non-coding regions (NCRs) are present in the mitogenomes of  P. sichuanensis and  P. nguyenthileae (NCR1 is 2282 bp in  P. sichuanensis vs only 202 bp in  P. nguyenthileae , both between tRNA-Trp and tRNA-Val; NCR2 is 650 bp in  P. sichuanensis vs 618 bp in  P. nguyenthileae , both between tRNA-Ile and tRNA-Met) (Fig. 11; Additional file 7: Table S4; Additional file 8: Table S5). All genes are transcribed from the same strand. Te overall A + T content in the mitogenomes of  P. sichuanensis and  P. nguyenthileae is 56.8% and 56.3%, respectively, with both displaying a strong nucleotide compositional bias toward A+ T. Te nucleotide content of  P. sichuanensis and  P. nguyenthileae mitogenomes are provided in Additional file 9: Table S6. </p>
            <p> Taken together, the 12 PCGs of the mitogenomes of  P. sichuanensis and  P. nguyenthileae are 10,179 bp and 10,206 bp in length (excluding termination codons), with each gene ranging in size from 240 bp (nad4L) to 1627 bp (nad5), which encoded 3391 and 3401 amino acids, respectively (Additional file 7: Table S4; Additional file 8: Table S5). Among the 12 PCGs of  P. sichuanensis and  P. nguyenthileae , six genes (cox1, cox3, nad4L, nad1, nad2 and nad5) used GTG as the start codon, whereas two genes (cox2 and atp6) in  P. sichuanensis and four genes (cox2, nad3, nad6 and atp6) in  P. nguyenthileae used ATG as the start codon. TTG was used by the nad4 and cytb genes in both species. TTG was used by the nad6 gene and ATA was used by the nad3 as the start codon in  P. sichuanensis . TAA was the most commonly used termination codon in both species (4 genes [cox3, nad2, nad3, nad4L] in  P. sichuanensis vs 3 genes [cox3, nad2, nad3] in  P. nguyenthileae ); two genes (cox1 and cytb) in  P. sichuanensis and three genes (cox1, nad4L and cytb) in  P. nguyenthileae used TAG as termination codon. Te incomplete termination codon T was inferred for the cox2, nad1, nad4, nad5, nad6 and atp6 genes in both species. Data on the component and usages of codons in the mitogenomes of  P. sichuanensis and  P. nguyenthileae are provided in Additional file 1: Figure S1; Additional file 7: Table S4; Additional file 8: Table S5. </p>
            <p> Tere are 22 tRNAs and two rRNAs (rrnL located between tRNA-Tyr and tRNA-Leu1; rrnS located between tRNA-Met and tRNA-Phe) in the mitogenomes of  P. sichuanensis and  P. nguyenthileae (Fig. 11; Additional file 7: Table S4; Additional file 8: Table S5). Te length of the 22 tRNAs and their anticodon secondary structures of  P. sichuanensis and  P. nguyenthileae are provided in Additional file 2: Figure S2; Additional file 3: Figure S3; Additional file 7: Table S4; Additional file 8: Table S5. </p>
            <p> Te gene arrangement of the 36 genes in the mitogenomes of  P. sichuanensis and  P. nguyenthileae are identical, both in the following order: cox1, tRNA-Gly, tRNA-Gln, tRNA- Tyr, rrnL, tRNA-Leu1, nad6, tRNA- Asp, atp6, nad3, tRNA-Trp, tRNA-Val, tRNA-Lys, tRNA- Glu, tRNA-Tr, tRNA-Ser2, nad4L, nad4, tRNA-His, nad5, tRNA-Leu2, tRNA-Pro, cyt b, nad1, tRNA-Ile, tRNA-Met, rrnS, tRNA-Phe, cox2, tRNA-Cys, cox3, tRNA- Ala, tRNA-Arg, tRNA-Asn, tRNA-Ser1, nad2 (Fig. 11). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287C0EF20B362D74D36A7FAA266E8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Zhao, Cui-Hong;Yang, Rui-Jia;Ru, Si-Si;Chen, Hui-Xia;Li, Dai-Xuan;Li, Liang	Zhao, Cui-Hong, Yang, Rui-Jia, Ru, Si-Si, Chen, Hui-Xia, Li, Dai-Xuan, Li, Liang (2024): Integrative taxonomy of the genus PSeUDoaCanthoCephaLUS (Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchida) in China, with the description of two new species and the characterization of the mitochondrial genomes of PSeUDoaCanthoCephaLUS SIChUanenSIS sp. n. and PSeUDoaCanthoCephaLUS nGUYenthILeae. Parasites & Vectors (541) 17 (1): 1-20, DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06528-7, URL: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-024-06528-7
