identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
038F6F0FFFCFD357FF2B9FC5FA928BA6.text	038F6F0FFFCFD357FF2B9FC5FA928BA6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Schefflera pubicarpa Fiaschi & G. M. Plunkett 2016	<div><p>Schefflera pubicarpa Fiaschi &amp; G. M. Plunkett, sp. nov.</p><p>Type:— BRAZIL. Amazonas: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-60.669724&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.073889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -60.669724/lat -4.073889)">rodovia de Manaus (AM) a Porto Velho (RO), trecho entre os rios Castanho e Tupana, na altura do km 158. Hotel Tupana</a>. 04°04’26” S, 60°40’11” W, 25 m, 18 July 2007 (fr), P. Fiaschi 3187 [holotype SPF-194357 (fr.)! ; isotypes INPA!, K!, MO!, NY!, RB!, SPF-194357 (st.)!, SPF-194357 (fr.)!]. Figures 1A–K, 2A–D, 4.</p><p>This new species differs from Schefflera morototoni (Aublet 1775: 949) Maguire, Steyermark &amp; Frodin (1984: 51) by the larger (12–13 × 15–16 mm vs. 4–6.5 × 7.5–11 mm), pubescent (vs. glabrescent) fruits, and the inflorescences, which lack tertiary branches (vs. tertiary branches usually present); from Schefflera tamatamaensis Maguire, Steyermark &amp; Frodin (1984: 55), the new species differs by the large tree habit (vs. treelet to about 6 m tall), leaves with 8 to 10 (vs. 4 to 7) leaflets, the flowers with trichomes along the styles (vs. glabrous styles), and the obloid or broadly depressed obovoid (vs. broadly depressed ovoid) drupes with laterally flattened and smooth (vs. swollen and irregularly sculptured) pyrenes.</p><p>Trees 15–25 m; branchlets 2.8–3.5 cm diam., striate longitudinally, light brown sericeous. Leaves palmately compound, clustered at branchlet apices, internodes to c. 1 cm long; stipules c. 2 cm long, adaxial surface glabrous, abaxial surface light brown sericeous, apex bifid, lobes c. 2 mm long; petiole 21.5–55 cm long, 2.5–5 mm diam., cylindrical, slightly striate longitudinally, glabrescent; leaflets simple, 8 to 10, grouped in one terminal whorl, held horizontally; blade plane to slightly conduplicate, chartaceous to subcoriaceous, adaxial surface glabrescent, abaxial surface light brown to grayish sericeous when mature; median leaflet with petiolules 4–8.5 cm long, unarticulated, slightly compressed laterally, slightly canaliculate adaxially; blade 14.5–26.5 × 3.8–8 cm, narrowly elliptic or oblong to lanceolate, base rounded, symmetrical to slightly asymmetrical, margin entire, revolute, sometimes slightly undulate, apex acuminate to caudate, tip mucronulate; basal leaflets with petiolules 1.8–3.7 cm long, blade 10–20 × 2.5–6.5 cm, asymmetrical, otherwise similar to the median leaflet; venation brochidodromous; primary vein prominent on both surfaces, more conspicuously so abaxially; secondary veins 9 to 12, prominent abaxially, impressed adaxially; intersecondary veins sometimes present; higher orders of venation inconspicuous, sometimes conspicuous adaxially. Inflorescence terminal, initially erect, branches becoming patent when fruiting, light brown sericeous; the peduncle 0.5–1.5 cm long, the remaining portion of the axis 5–8.5 cm long; primary branches 3 to 40, 2 to 6 of which are terminal, 8.7–36 cm long, with bracts 4–6 mm long, each branch bearing one terminal hermaphroditic umbel, or 22 to 75 racemiform secondary branches, each branch with 4–6 terminal branches, 9–28 mm long, with bracts 2–3 mm long; tertiary branches lacking; ultimate inflorescence units umbellules, number of flowers unknown; floral bracts c. 1 mm long. Perfect flowers with pedicels 2–3 mm long; hypanthium light brown sericeous, calyx rim with 5 acuminate teeth; petals 5, yellowish green, 3.7–3.8 × 1.3–1.8 mm, narrowly ovate to ovate, sericeous abaxially, apex acute or acuminate; filaments 0.8–1 mm long; anthers c. 1.8 × 1–1.1 mm, oblong, apex rounded, thecae free above the insertion of the connective; ovary 1–1.5 mm long, carpels 2(–3); disc pubescent; styles 2(–3), free, c. 1.2 mm long, pubescent, recurved in fruit; staminate flowers not seen. Drupes 12–13 × 15–16 mm, obloid or broadly depressed obovoid, compressed laterally or rarely 3-costate when dry, pubescent; pedicel 4–6 mm long; pyrenes 2(–3), 10.5–12.5 × 6.5– 7.5 mm, laterally compressed, semi-depressed obovate in outline, transversely linear, cartilaginous.</p><p>Distribution and ecology:— Schefflera pubicarpa grows in central Amazonian terra firme forests on sandy to clayey soils. The new taxon is known only from the type locality and vicinities, between the Castanho and Tupana rivers, on the road from Manaus (Amazonas state) to Porto Velho (Rondônia state), where it is a rather common species (Fig. 4).</p><p>IUCN Red List category: —Due to the very incomplete knowledge of the distribution of plant taxa in the Amazon Forest, especially from areas south of the Amazonas river (Hopkins 2007), we prefer to treat this species as data deficient (DD) for conservation purposes, following IUCN (2012).</p><p>Phenology:— This species has been collected with fruits (and a few late flowers) in July. However, fully flowering materials have not been collected so far. The flowers analyzed here were pickled from the type collection and are deposited among the spirit collections at SPF herbarium.</p><p>Discussion:— Schefflera pubicarpa resembles S. tamatamaensis, from which it can be distinguished by the habit as large trees (vs. unbranched treelets to 6 m tall in S. tamatamaensis), leaves with eight to 10 (vs. four to seven) leaflets, inflorescences with ascending (vs. reflexed) secondary branches, flowers with trichomes along the styles (vs. glabrous styles), and the obloid or broadly depressed obovoid (vs. broadly depressed ovoid) drupes with laterally flattened and smooth (vs. swollen and irregularly sculptured) pyrenes.</p><p>One of the specimens included in Schefflera pubicarpa ( Silva et al. 852) was collected about 100 km north of the type locality. In this specimen, the leaflets have smaller (c. 15 × 4 cm, vs. 21–26.5 × 7–8 cm) and narrowly elliptic (vs. lanceolate) blades, and the fruits are oblongoid, ca. 13 × 13 mm (vs. broadly depressed obovoid, 12–13 × 15–16 mm). The inflorescences may have only three primary branches, each bearing 19 to 20 secondary branches (the INPA-36943 duplicate), or up to 16 primary branches, each bearing one terminal hermaphroditic umbel and five or six lateral sterile bracts (the MO-3499822 duplicate). These features may be sufficiently distinctive to recognize this collection as another new species, but we believe these differences may prove to represent intraspecific variation as more collections of S. pubicarpa become available.</p><p>Additionally, several samples from the Amazonian white-sand forests of northeastern Peru (Iquitos region), southeastern Colombia, and eastern Ecuador also appear to belong under Schefflera pubicarpa . However, most of these specimens are either fragmentary or represent sterile voucher materials from ecological studies. These samples have leaves with very long petioles (70–75 cm long), bearing 11–12 large leaflets (the median leaflet being 27–31 × 10–16 cm long), with the leaflet blade chartaceous to subcoriaceous and persistently light brown to grayish-sericeous abaxially, with a caudate apex, and an obtuse to truncate base. The inflorescence primary branches are about 50 cm long, and the umbels are terminal or on short (1–2.5 cm long), racemosely arranged secondary branches. The flowers have a pubescent disc and the fruits are reminiscent of those from S. pubicarpa . At this moment, we consider it premature to place these materials as paratypes of this new species before additional collections become available, especially considering the geographic distance separating these collections from the main distribution of S. pubicarpa (more than 1000 km away) (see Fig. 4, as Schefflera sp. aff. pubicarpa). So far, there are no data that currently supports a continuous distribution for S. pubicarpa over the western Amazon, and, if confirmed, this apparent disjunction could be explained by the dearth of botanical knowledge in intermediate areas (e.g., the Purus–Juruá interfluve, Hopkins 2007).</p><p>Paratypes:— BRAZIL. Amazonas: Estrada Manaus–Porto Velho, trecho entre os rios Castanho e Tupana, 20 July 1972 (fr), M. F. Silva e pessoal da Botânica 964 (INPA-37055) ; Estrada Manaus–Porto Velho, km 50, estrada Castanho–Tupana, 18 July 1972 (fr), M. F. Silva e pessoal da Botânica 852 (INPA-36943, MO-3499822) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038F6F0FFFCFD357FF2B9FC5FA928BA6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Fiaschi, Pedro;Plunkett, Gregory M.	Fiaschi, Pedro, Plunkett, Gregory M. (2016): Two new species of the Didymopanax clade of Schefflera (Araliaceae) from the Brazilian Amazon. Phytotaxa 245 (2): 153-160, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.245.2.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.245.2.6
038F6F0FFFC9D354FF2B9B23FDA58945.text	038F6F0FFFC9D354FF2B9B23FDA58945.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Schefflera prancei Fiaschi & G. M. Plunkett 2016	<div><p>Schefflera prancei Fiaschi &amp; G. M. Plunkett, sp. nov.</p><p>Type:— BRAZIL. Acre: Cruzeiro do Sul, Serra da Moa, Rio Moa, 6 km above school, 25 April 1971 (fr), G. T. Prance, P. J. M. Maas, K. Kubitzki, W. C. Steward, J. F. Ramos, W. S. Pinheiro &amp; J. F. Lima 12446 (holotype NY-02212661! ; isotypes INPA!, K!, MG-42953!, MO-4228031!, R!, US-01212148!) . Figures 1L–O, 3A–B, 4.</p><p>This new species can be distinguished from Schefflera confusa (Marchal 1878: 244) Harms in Engler &amp; Prantl (1894: 37) by the narrow elliptic to oblanceolate (vs. elliptic to ovate) leaf blades, light brown to grayish sericeous (vs. glabrescent) abaxially, chartaceous to subcoriaceous (vs. membranaceous to subchartaceous), with the apices acuminate or cuspidate (vs. caudate); from S. decaphylla (Seemann 1865: 266) Harms in Engler &amp; Prantl (1894: 37) it can be distinguished by the leaves with 10–25 (vs. 7–15) leaflets, in 2–3 whorls [vs. in 1(–2) whorls], the blade abaxially light brown to grayish sericeous (vs. usually glabrescent), and the larger fruits (12.5–14 × 11–11.5 vs. 8–9 × 10–11 mm).</p><p>Trees 14–15 m; branchlets 1.5–2 cm diam., striate longitudinally, light brown sericeous. Leaves palmately compound, clustered at branchlet apices, internodes barely noticeable; stipules 10–13 mm long, adaxial surface glabrous, abaxial surface light brown sericeous, apex slightly bifid, lobes c. 2 mm long; petiole 26–36 cm long, cylindrical to laterally compressed, longitudinally striate, persistently light brown to grayish sericeous or glabrescent; leaflets simple, 10 to 25, grouped in two or three terminal whorls, held horizontally; blade plane, chartaceous to subcoriaceous, adaxial surface glabrous, abaxial surface light brown to grayish sericeous; median leaflet of outer whorl with petiolules 8.5–11.5 cm long, compressed laterally, canaliculate adaxially; blades 12–17 × 4–5.4 cm, narrowly elliptic to oblanceolate, base cuneate to attenuate, symmetrical, margin entire, revolute, apex acuminate to cuspidate, tip sometimes mucronulate; basal leaflets of outer whorl with petiolules 2.5–7 cm long, blade 13.7–14.5 × 3.5–4.6 cm, otherwise similar to median leaflets; venation brochidodromous; primary vein prominent abaxially, impressed to slightly prominent adaxially; secondary veins 12 to 14, prominent abaxially, impressed adaxially; intersecondary veins sometimes present; higher orders of venation inconspicuous. Inflorescence terminal, probably initially erect, becoming pendent when fruiting, light brown to grayish sericeous; main axis to c. 5 mm long; primary branches 2, both terminal, 17.5–20 cm long, with bracts c. 5 mm long; each bearing 9 to 10 secondary branches, with 2 to 3 terminal branches, 4.8–8.4 cm long, with bracts c. 2.5 mm long; tertiary branches 1.3–2.7 cm long; ultimate inflorescence units umbellules, number of flowers unknown; floral bracts not seen. Flowers unknown. Drupes 12.5–14 × 11–11.5 mm, broadly ellipsoid, 5-costate when dry, glabrescent; pedicels 6–11 mm long; pyrenes 5, c. 12–12.5 × 6 mm, laterally compressed, semi-oblate in outline, transversely narrowly elliptic, cartilaginous.</p><p>Distribution and ecology:— Schefflera prancei is known only from the type locality, at the westernmost tip of Brazil, in the Serra do Divisor National Park, Acre state (Fig. 4). This species is very likely to occur in adjacent Peru, but no collections have been made to date in this country. Schefflera prancei grows in terra firme rainforests on sandy to clayey soils, at about 225 m elevation.</p><p>IUCN Red List category:— We consider this species as DD for conservation purposes, as the area where it is found is very poorly known botanically, despite recent efforts towards enhancing floristic knowledge of Acre state (Medeiros et al. 2014).</p><p>Phenology:— Schefflera prancei was collected with fruits in April.</p><p>Etymology:— The new species epithet honors the type collector, Sir Ghillean Tolmie Prance (born 1937), whose extensive collections in Neotropical America support our better understanding of the flora.</p><p>Discussion:— Based on our preliminary analysis, Medeiros et al. (2014) cited this taxon as Schefflera sp. nov. in their updated checklist of the Flora of Acre state. Schefflera prancei can be readily distinguished from the remaining species of the Didymopanax group by the bundled, compound leaves with leaflets grouped in two or three whorls, and the perfect flowers with a 5-carpellate ovary. This species is similar to Schefflera confusa (Fig. 3C), from which it can be distinguished by the leaflets with blades that are narrowly elliptic to oblanceolate (vs. elliptic to ovate), the acuminate to cuspidate (vs. caudate) blade apex, and the light brown to grayish sericeous indument on the abaxial blade surface (vs. glabrescent). In addition, the fruits appear to be smaller in S. prancei (12.5–14 × 11–11.5 vs. 15–16 × 13–16 mm), but this may be due the fact that they were unripe in the type collection. Unlike Schefflera confusa, which grows mostly on white sand campinarana forests, S. prancei grows in terra firme forests on sandy to clayey soils.</p><p>From Schefflera decaphylla, S. prancei can be distinguished by a unique combination of character states, including leaflets arranged in two to three [vs. one (less often two) whorls in S. decaphylla], leaves with light brown sericeous (vs. glabrescent) blades abaxially, with an acuminate to cuspidate (vs. usually rounded or obtuse) apex, and larger fruits (12.5– 14 × 11–11.5 vs. 8–9 × 10–11 mm). A few collections of S. decaphylla, however, do have either the leaflets arranged in two whorls or with a persistently sericeous undersurface, or the leaflet blades with an acuminate apex (e.g., Ferreira et al. 6597 and 7055, INPA), but the geographic distributions of the two species do not seem overlap (see Fig. 4).</p><p>Paratypes:— BRAZIL. Acre: Mâncio Lima, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.657616&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.4465003" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.657616/lat -7.4465003)">PARNA Serra do Divisor, Trilha para a Cachoeira Formosa</a>, 07°26’47.4” S, 73°39’27.4” W, 225 m, 22 August 2008 (st), P. Fiaschi, H. M. Oliveira, J. E. S. L. Cucker, M. R. S. Melo &amp; E. F. Silva 3309 (NY, RB) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038F6F0FFFC9D354FF2B9B23FDA58945	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Fiaschi, Pedro;Plunkett, Gregory M.	Fiaschi, Pedro, Plunkett, Gregory M. (2016): Two new species of the Didymopanax clade of Schefflera (Araliaceae) from the Brazilian Amazon. Phytotaxa 245 (2): 153-160, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.245.2.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.245.2.6
