taxonID	type	description	language	source
038D3101FFDF357AFF1FF9B9FDFCFD50.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Clypeal margin usually slightly emarginate (Fig. 140), rarely deeply emarginate (Fig. 96) or slightly produced (Fig. 53). Female antenna 11263, with a more or less well-defined spicula (e. g. Figs 2, 26, 47, 60, 112, 119, 141, 162, 177); male antenna with funicular segments either bearing whorls of long setae (e. g. Figs 22, 70, 158), or covered with dense short pilosity (e. g. Figs 81, 124, 204, 208, 218), clava sometimes not well defined. Pronotum short, from virtually as wide as mesoscutum to slightly narrower, with collar rounded off (e. g. Figs 3, 14, 30, 52, 64, 100, 122, 138, 174). Prepectus very small, sometimes almost invisible, clearly shorter than tegula (Fig. 1). Propodeum without plicae or median carina, with two basal depressions and with (Figs 5, 91) or without (Figs 11, 164) spiracular sulci.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFDF357AFF1FF9B9FDFCFD50.taxon	discussion	Comments. Norbanus can be confused especially with Homoporus Thomson, Propicroscytus Szelényi and Oxysychus Delucchi. Homoporus is separated from Norbanus mainly by a larger prepectus and generally narrower pronotum (if about as wide as mesoscutum, then longer than in Norbanus). Propicroscytus is separated from Norbanus mainly by a narrower pronotum and the clava lacking distinct spicula. Oxysychus is separated from Norbanus mainly by a larger prepectus and the clava lacking a spicula. A small prepectus is also present in Lysirina Heydon, but many other characters are different, i. e. the shape of the clypeus, the presence of a median propodeal carina, the presence of three anelli, etc. The subgeneric division of Norbanus i. e. Norbanus (Norbanus) and Norbanus (Picroscytoides), proposed by Dzhanokmen (1999), is rejected based on the examined material. The two subgenera were previously separated only by the shape of the posterior margin of gt 1 (entire or double-incised). This division works well for the Palaearctic material (Rizzo & Mitroiu, 2010), but in the examined Afrotropical material, which is much more diverse than the Palaearctic, a great diversity of character states were observed. The posterior margin of gt 1 varies from entire (straight to conspicuously sinuous) to deeply double-incised, sometimes even in the case of a single species. Thus, the subgenus Picroscytoides Masi is placed in synonymy with Norbanus s. s., syn. nov. The only species of Norbanus that seems to be present in both the Palaearctic and Afrotropical regions is N. tenuicornis Bouček. Besides this species, all the other Palaearctic species have a more or less pilose basal cell, contrary to virtually all the Afrotropical species, in which the basal cell is glabrous. It is highly possible that additional Afrotropical species of Norbanus will be discovered in the future. Thus, in order to avoid any misidentifications, the species descriptions and images should be carefully consulted in addition to the characters given in the key.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFD53579FF1FFCD2FE5CFDAF.taxon	description	(Figs 7 – 12)	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFD53579FF1FFCD2FE5CFDAF.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. FEMALE. Head and mesosoma blackish, with olive green reflections (Figs 7 – 9, 11). Head without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus (Fig. 9). Clypeal margin slightly emarginate (Fig. 9). POL about 1.0 – 1.2 × OOL. Scape very slightly exceeding level of vertex (Fig. 9); second anellus transverse (Fig. 10). Scutellum moderately convex (Fig. 7). Propodeum virtually horizontal (Fig. 7); spiracular sulci absent (Fig. 11). Fore wing length about 2.8 – 2.9 × width (Fig. 12). Metasoma much longer than head plus mesosoma; posterior margin of gt 1 almost straight (Figs 7, 8).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFD53579FF1FFCD2FE5CFDAF.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype ♀ (RMNH). BENIN: “ BENIN Calavi, Ferme F. S. A. U. N. B., 24. I – 6. II. 2001, Piège malaise, Leg. Y. Jongema ” [on rectangular card]. Paratypes. TANZANIA: 1 ♀ “ Tanzania-Kilombero distr. Namawaie, 6 - I- 1991, leg. J. D. Charlwood ” (RMNH). Other material. BENIN: 1 ♀ “ BENIN Calavi, Ferme F. S. A. U. N. B., 13. II. 2001, Piège malaise, Leg. Y. Jongema ” (RMNH).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFD53579FF1FFCD2FE5CFDAF.taxon	description	Description. FEMALE (holotype). Colour. Head and mesosoma blackish, with extensive olive green reflections mainly on mesosoma (Figs 7 – 9, 11). Metasoma dark brown (Figs 7, 8). Body pilosity short whitish (Fig. 9). Eyes dark red, ocelli reddish (Fig. 9). Mandibles reddish-yellow, teeth reddish-brown (Fig. 9). Antenna (Fig. 10) with scape brown, paler proximally; pedicel brown; flagellum, including anelli and clava, almost black. Wings hyaline, tegulae, venation and pilosity brown (Fig. 12). Legs (Fig. 7) with coxae as mesosoma; trochanters brown; femora dark brown, with metallic reflections, paler at apices; fore tibia brown with paler knee and a pale strip on kickface; mid tibia with yellow knee and an extensive brown band medially, the rest yellow; hind tibia similar to mid tibia, but brown band narrower; all tarsi light brown, claws and arolia darker. Body length. 6 mm. Head without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus, reticulate except lower face finely striated, striation not reaching toruli (Fig. 9). Clypeal margin very shallowly emarginate (Fig. 9). Eye ovate, anterior and posterior margins not sinuous (Fig. 7). Gena with a conspicuous lamina near mouth corner. Scrobes shallow, almost invisible in dorsal view of the head (Fig. 8). Toruli with lower margins below lower margins of eyes (Fig. 9). Antenna with scape slightly exceeding level of vertex (Fig. 9); both anelli transverse, the second slightly longer than the first; funicular segments longer than wide; clava ventrally gradually narrowing before spicula, sutures hardly visible, oblique; micropilosity area occupying slightly less than half the claval body (Fig. 10). Relative measurements — head length: 32, width: 73, height: 58; POL: 12; OOL: 12; eye height: 31, length: 22; IOD: 45; eye length dorsally: 21; temple length dorsally: 6; malar space: 23; mouth width: 30; distance between clypeal margin and toruli: 21; scape length: 37; pedicel length: 7, width: 3.5; pedicel plus flagellum: 70; fu 1 length: 10, width: 3.5; fu 6 length: 6, width: 4.5; clava length: 13.5, width: 5. Mesosoma dorsally coarsely reticulate (Fig. 8). Notauli reaching about 2 / 3 of mesoscutum (Fig. 8). Scutellum moderately convex, frenal line absent, but frenal area with finer reticulation than rest of scutellum (Figs 7, 8). Upper mesepimeron smooth (Fig. 7). Metapleuron and dorsellum uniformly reticulate (Fig. 11). Propodeum horizontal (Fig. 7), uniformly reticulate except two small depressions near its anterior margin submedially; spiracles oval, spiracular sulci absent (Fig. 11). Fore wing with basal cell and basal fold glabrous; costal cell with several rows of setae on ventral surface; speculum small, not extending beyond parastigma, except in the middle for a short distance; wing pilosity including marginal fringe short; stigma hardly capitate (Fig. 12). Relative measurements — mesosomal length: 75, width: 58, height: 55; mesoscutum length: 29; scutellum length: 27, width: 30; propodeum length: 14; fore wing length: 155, width: 53; M: 31; S: 12; P: 25.5. Metasoma elongate-acuminate, much longer than head plus mesosoma, reticulate dorsally (alveolae isodiametric to slightly wider than long) except for gt 1, which is mainly smooth (Figs 7, 8). Posterior margin of gt 1 almost straight, not incised (Fig. 8). Ovipositor sheaths short, but clearly visible in dorsal view (Fig. 8). Relative measurements — metasomal length: 150, width: 56; gt 1 length: 20; gt 7 length: 14, width: 20. MALE. Unknown. Variation. FEMALES. Body length: 5 – 6 mm. The female from Tanzania has the gold bronze reflections on the mesosoma less strong, visible at most on the scutellum, the antenna has fu 1 – 4 brown instead of blackish, the POL is slightly longer than the OOL, and the scape is shorter, extending to the upper margin of the median ocellus. One female from Benin (body length: 4.25 mm) is not included among the type specimens because it has the bluish metallic reflections on the head and mesosoma much stronger, the mid and hind tibiae almost entirely brown, and the sculpture of the gastral tergites mostly striate-reticulate, with alveolae much wider than long.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFD53579FF1FFCD2FE5CFDAF.taxon	discussion	Comments. Due to the long metasoma, the females most closely resemble N. longissimus and N. mustatai; from both species N. aequus differs mainly in the horizontal propodeum and small speculum.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFD53579FF1FFCD2FE5CFDAF.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From the Latin adjective aequus, horizontal, with reference to the characteristic position of the propodeum.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFD53579FF1FFCD2FE5CFDAF.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Benin, Tanzania (Map 1).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFD53579FF1FFCD2FE5CFDAF.taxon	biology_ecology	Hosts. Unknown.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFD63563FF1FFDAAFEFEFE30.taxon	description	(Figs 13 – 22)	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFD63563FF1FFDAAFEFEFE30.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. BOTH SEXES. Head and mesosoma usually dark blue-green (Figs 13, 14, 20). Head without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus, in frontal view width about 1.2 – 1.3 × height (Figs 15, 21). Clypeal margin slightly emarginate; clypeal striation mostly not extending to lower margins of toruli (Figs 15, 21). POL about 1.4 – 1.7 × OOL (Fig. 16). Temple about 0.2 – 0.3 × as long as eye in dorsal view (Fig. 16). Eye height about 1.4 – 1.5 × length. Upper mesepimeron smooth (Fig. 20). Scutellum moderately convex (Figs 13, 20). Propodeum inclined (Figs 13, 20), spiracular sulci absent (cf. Fig. 11). Marginal vein about 1.8 – 2.8 × as long as stigmal vein; speculum large, reaching to stigmal vein; marginal fringe on apical margin present (Fig. 18). FEMALE. Metasoma brown to blackish, in the latter case with some metallic reflections; last metasomal tergite and ovipositor sheaths same colour as rest of metasoma (Figs 13, 14); clava and sometimes fu 6 dark (Fig. 17); hind tibia usually yellowish (Fig. 13), rarely slightly infuscate medially. Antennae inserted about level with lower margins of eyes or slightly below; scape usually not exceeding median ocellus, virtually as long as eye height (Fig. 15); length of pedicel plus flagellum at most very slightly greater than head width; second anellus transverse to almost quadrate; fu 6 slightly longer than wide; clava slightly wider than fu 6, ventrally abruptly narrowing before spicula, length about 2.7 – 2.8 × width (Fig. 17). Metasoma at most slightly longer than head plus mesosoma (Figs 13), length about 1.9 – 2.5 × width. Posterior margin of gt 1 slightly to moderately sinuous (Fig. 19). MALE. Scape and pedicel usually dark brown to black, mostly with conspicuous metallic reflections and hence not contrasting with flagellum (Figs 20, 22). Scape usually exceeding level of vertex by about half scape length, rarely less (Fig. 21); funicular segments widened both proximally and distally, mostly with two whorls of long setae each, and separated from each other by long tubular connections (fig. 22); length of pedicel plus flagellum about 1.7 – 2.1 × head width. Mesoscutum width about 1.8 – 2.1 × length.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFD63563FF1FFDAAFEFEFE30.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype ♀ (BMNH). MALAWI: “ Holotype ”, “ NYASALAND. Fort Johnston. Em. 24. xii. 23, Dr. W. A. Lamborn. 673 ”, ” Norbanus africanus sp. n. ♀, B. R. Subba Rao det. 1973 ”, ” Pres by Com Inst Ent BM 1974 - I ” [on rectangular card]. Paratypes. MALAWI: 11 ♀, 1 ♂, all specimens with the same data as holotype (BMNH). Other material. BOTSWANA: 2 ♀ “ BOTSWANA: Serowe Farmer’s Brigade, IX. 1987 MT, P. Forchhammer ” (CNC). CAPE VERDE: 1 ♀ “ CABO VERDE, SAO TIAGO, Sao Jorge ”, “ III 1984, A. v. Harten ” (RMNH); 2 ♀ “ CABO VERDE, SAO TIAGO, A. v. Harten ”, “ Sao Jorge, suction trap, IV 1984 ” (RMNH); 1 ♀ “ CABO VERDE, SAO TIAGO, A. v. Harten ”, “ Sao Jorge, suction trap, V 1984 ” (RMNH); 1 ♀ “ CABO VERDE, SAO TIAGO, A. v. Harten ”, “ Sao Jorge, suction trap, 26 / 7 - 18 / 8 1983 ” (RMNH); 7 ♀ “ CABO VERDE, SAO TIAGO, A. v. Harten ”, “ Sao Jorge, yellow pan trap, V 1984 ” (RMNH); 4 ♂ “ CABO VERDE, SAO TIAGO, A. v. Harten ”, “ Sao Jorge, yellow pan trap, V 1983 ” (RMNH). D. R. CONGO: 2 ♀ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, II / me / 10, 12 - xi- 1951, Réc. H. De Saeger. 2744 ” (MRAC); 1 ♀ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, II / id / 8, 17 - xi- 1951, H. De Saeger. 2765 ” (MRAC); 1 ♀ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, I / o / 3 aval, 29 - ix- 1950, Réc. G. Demoulin. 853 ” (MRAC); 1 ♀ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, PFSK. 5 / 3, 20 - vi- 52, H. De Saeger. 3656 ” (MRAC); 1 ♀ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, Pp. K / 55 / d / 8, 19 - xi- 1951, Réc. H. De Saeger. 2768 ” (MRAC); 1 ♀ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, II / f, 22 - xii- 1950, Réc. J. Verschuren. 1000 ” (MRAC); 1 ♀ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, II / fd / 11, 21 - v- 1951, Réc. H. De Saeger. 1770 ” (MRAC); 1 ♀ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, II / gd / 4, 5 - xii- 1951, Réc. H. De Saeger. 2862 ” (MRAC); 1 ♀ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, II / fd / 4, 24 - x- 1951, Réc. H. De Saeger. 2668 ” (MRAC); 2 ♀ and 6 ♂ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, II / fc / 5, 26 - viii- 52, H. De Saeger. 3982 ” (MRAC); 1 ♀ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, II / fc / 18, 12 - x- 1951, Réc. H. De Saeger. 2652 ” (MRAC); 1 ♀ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, PpK, 90 / 115, 3 - xii- 1951, Réc. H. De Saeger. 2860 ” (MRAC); 4 ♀ and 1 ♂ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, II / fd / 4, 3 - vi- 1952, H. De Saeger. 3694 ” (MRAC); 6 ♀ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, II / gd / 4, 8 - v- 1952, H. De Saeger. 3449 ” (MRAC); 1 ♀ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, I / o / 3 aval, 29 - ix- 1950, Réc. G. Demoulin. 853 ” (MRAC); 2 ♀ and 2 ♂ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, II / fc / 4, 22 - ix- 1952, H. De Saeger. 4078 ” (MRAC); 3 ♀ and 5 ♂ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, II / fc / 4, 30 - viii- 1952, H. De Saeger. 3997 ” (MRAC); 2 ♀ and 1 ♂ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, II / gc / 10, 11 - xi- 1951, Réc. H. De Saeger. 2882 ” (MRAC); 2 ♀ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, II / gd / 4, 5 - xii- 1951, Réc. H. De Saeger. 2862 ” (MRAC); 2 ♀ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, II / fd / 10, 20 - xii- 1951, Réc. H. De Saeger. 2935 ” (MRAC); 1 ♀ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, II / gd / 4, 23 - viii- 52, H. De Saeger. 3967 ” (MRAC); 1 ♀ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, II / gd / 8, 24 - ix- 1952, H. De Saeger. 4085 ” (MRAC); 2 ♀ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, Mabanga, 23 - ix- 1952, Réc. H. De Saeger. 4070 ” (MRAC); 2 ♀ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, II / hd / 6, 30 - v- 1952, H. De Saeger. 3567 ” (MRAC); 1 ♀ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, II / fc / 18, 12 - x- 1951, Réc. H. De Saeger. 2653 ” (MRAC); 1 ♀ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, II / fc / 6, 26 - xii- 1951, J. Verschuren. 2941 ” (MRAC); 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, II / gd / 6, 2 - ix- 1952, H. De Saeger. 4023 ” (MRAC); 1 ♀ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, Utukuru / 4, 22 - vii- 52, H. De Saeger. 3811 ” (MRAC); 1 ♀ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, II / gd / 7, 8 - vi- 1951, Réc. H. De Saeger. 1887 ” (MRAC); 1 ♀ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, II / gc / 11, 5 - x- 1951, Réc. H. De Saeger. 2521 ” (MRAC); 1 ♀ and 4 ♂ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, II / gd / 4, 8 - viii- 1952, H. De Saeger. 3923 ” (MRAC); 1 ♀ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, II / fd / 18, 3 - iii- 1952, H. De Saeger. 3158 ” (MRAC); 1 ♀ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, II / fd / 17, 14 - xii- 1951, Réc. H. De Saeger. 2910 ” (MRAC); 1 ♀ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, I / o / 1, 25 - ix- 1950, Réc. G. Demoulin. 845 ” (MRAC); 1 ♀ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, PpK. 15, 24 - xii- 1951, Réc. H. De Saeger. 2945 ” (MRAC); 1 ♀ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, II / fc / 14, 10 - xii- 1951, Réc. H. De Saeger. 2881 ” (MRAC); 4 ♂ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, Napokomweli, 13 - x- 1950, Rec. G. Demoulin. 888 (MRAC); 2 ♂ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, II / gd / 4, 23 - ix- 1952, H. De Saeger. 4082 ” (MRAC); 3 ♂ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, II / fd / 15, 24 - v- 1951, Réc. H. De Saeger. 1798 ” (MRAC); 2 ♂ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, II / fd / 17, 27 - viii- 52, H. De Saeger. 3983 ” (MRAC); 2 ♂ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, II / fd / 18, 6 - ix- 1952, H. De Saeger. 4038 ” (MRAC); 1 ♂ “ Congo Belge: Kivu Sake (Lac Kivu), 1460 m. 19 / 22 - ii- 1934, G. F. de Witte: 253 ” (MRAC); 1 ♂ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, Napukumweli, 6 - ix- 1950, Réc. G. Demoulin. 806 ” (MRAC); 1 ♂ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, I / b / 2, 27 - ix- 1950, Réc. G. Demoulin. 848 ” (MRAC); 1 ♂ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss. H. De Saeger, II / gd / 4, 6 - vii- 1951, Réc. H. De Saeger. 2050 ” (MRAC); 1 ♂ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, II / fc / 6, 25 - vii- 1951, Réc. H. De Saeger. 2157 ” (MRAC); 1 ♂ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, II / fd / 4, 16 - viii- 1951, Réc. H. De Saeger. 2264 ” (MRAC); 1 ♂ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, II / dd / 8, 6 - ix- 1951, Réc. H. De Saeger. 2383 ”, “ Pteromalid ” (MRAC); 1 ♂ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, II / id / 10, 11 - ix- 1951, Réc. H. De Saeger. 2419 ” (MRAC); 1 ♂ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, II / gd / 7 ”, 20 - ix- 1951, Réc. H. De Saeger. 2448 ” (MRAC); 1 ♂ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, Pp. K. 52 g, 16 - x- 1951, Réc. H. De Saeger. 2615 ” (MRAC); 1 ♂ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, II / hd / 4, 6 - xii- 1951, Réc. H. De Saeger. 2861 ” (MRAC); 1 ♂ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss. H. De Saeger, II / fd / 12, 10 - iii- 1952, H. De Saeger. 3178 ” (MRAC); 1 ♂ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss. H. De Saeger, Pali / 8, 24 - iii- 1952, H. De Saeger. 3219 ” (MRAC); 1 ♂ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss. H. De Saeger, II / fc / 6, 28 - vii- 1952, H. De Saeger. 3861 ” (MRAC); 1 ♂ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, II / gd / 4, 18 - ix- 1952, H. De Saeger. 4077 ” (MRAC). ETHIOPIA: 3 ♀ and 1 ♂ “ ETHIOPIA: Assebot (A. Zewdu) 11. xii. 96 PAR 016 Ex Chilo partellus / sorghum, IIE 23814 ”, “ Norbanus sp. A. Polaszek det. 1998 ” (BMNH). GAMBIA: 2 ♀ “ W. AFR., GAMBIA, Bakau, 19 / i. 78. L. Huggert ” (BMNH). IVORY COAST: 2 ♀ “ Côte d’Ivoire, Katiola-Coton, 23. IV. 1981 malaise, J. W. Everts c. s. ” (RMNH). KENYA: 7 ♀ (two teratological) “ KENYA, MACHAKOS DIS., KIBOKO, 1000 m, ex larva Chilo sp. in Maize stem, coll. 26. ix. 1990, M. J. W. COCK ” (BMNH); 3 ♀ (on the same card) “ KENYA, KENDUBA, 16 - II. 89 ”, “ EX BUSSEOLA ON SORG BT NYAMBO ”, “ 8 ”, “ KENYA: S. Nyanza Kendu Bay 16. xi. 89, B. T. Nyambo 8 ” (BMNH). MALAWI: 5 ♀ and 1 ♂, same data as type material (BMNH). NAMIBIA: 1 ♂ “ SOUTH WEST AFRICA (W 22), Kuiseb river canyon, 22 - 23. i. 1972. Riverside vegetation ” (BMNH). NIGERIA: 1 ♀ “ P. 39. N. NIGERIA, Samaru, 14. III. 1957, K. M. Harris ”, “ Ex larva of guineacorn stemborer ”, “ C. I. E. COLL. NO. 16154 ”, “ Norbanus (= Picroscytus) sp. ♀, G. J. Kerrich det. 1958 ”, “ mentioned by Harris, 1962, A. Polaszek, 19 ” (BMNH). SOUTH AFRICA: 1 ♀ “ SOUTH AFRICA, TVL. Soutpan, Pretoria Dist. 25.24 S 28.06 E. 15. XI. 1983, C. D. Eardley ”, “ Malaise trap ”, “ NATIONAL COLL. OF INSECTS (SANC) Pretoria, South Africa ” (SANC); 1 ♀ “ SOUTH AFRICA, Cobham Nat. Res. Drakensberg, Ntl., 6. - 11. iv. 1993, M. Stiller ”, “ Norbanus ”, “ NATIONAL COLL. OF INSECTS (SANC) Pretoria, South Africa ” (SANC); 1 ♀ “ SOUTH AFRICA, Tussen-die-Riviere, Nat. Res., OFS, nr. ”, “ Bethulie, i. 1994, G. L. Prinsloo ”, “ NATIONAL COLL. OF INSECTS (SANC) Pretoria, South Africa ” (SANC); 1 ♀ SOUTH AFRICA, Percy Fyfe Prov Nature Res., Tvl, iii. 1980, G L Prinsloo ”, “ NATIONAL COLL. OF INSECTS (SANC) Pretoria, South Africa ” (SANC); 2 ♀ “ SOUTH AFRICA, TVL., Kruger Nat. Park, Skukuza, 24.59 S 31.35 E. 292 m., 14 - 15. i. 1985. G. L. Prinsloo ”, “ NATIONAL COLL. OF INSECTS (SANC), Pretoria, South Africa ” (SANC); 1 ♀ “ SOUTH AFRICA, TVL., Mogol Nature Reserve, Ellisras Dist. 23.58 S 27.45 E. 27 - 29. ii. 1984, G. L. Prinsloo ”, “ NATIONAL COLL. OF INSECTS (SANC), Pretoria, South Africa ” (SANC); 1 ♀ “ SOUTH AFRICA, TVL., Kruger Nat. Park, Pretoriuskop, 25.09 S 31.16 E. 591 m. 17. i. 1985. N. C. Pienaar ”, “ NATIONAL COLL. OF INSECTS (SANC), Pretoria, South Africa ” (SANC); 2 ♀ “ SOUTH AFRICA, Entabeni Bos, Tvl. xi. 1978, GL Prinsloo ”, “ NATIONAL COLL. OF INSECTS (SANC), Pretoria, South Africa ” (SANC); 1 ♀ “ SOUTH AFRICA, Natal, Vernon Crookes Nat. Res., Umzinto, 30.17 S 30.37 E. 443 m. 25 - 26. iii. 1985. G. L. Prinsloo ”, “ NATIONAL COLL. OF INSECTS (SANC), Pretoria, South Africa ” (SANC); 2 ♀ “ SOUTH AFRICA, Machadodorp, Tvl. xii. 1978, G L. Prinsloo ”, “ NATIONAL COLL. OF INSECTS (SANC) Pretoria, South Africa ” (SANC); 1 ♀ “ SOUTH AFRICA, Hennops River, Tvl. ii. 1978, Prinsloo ”, “ NATIONAL COLL. OF INSECTS (SANC) Pretoria, South Africa ” (SANC); 1 ♀ “ SOUTH AFRICA FS, Willem Pretorius Prov. Nat. Res., ii. 1999 GL Prinsloo ”, “ Collected by sweeping ”, “ NATIONAL COLL. OF INSECTS (SANC), Pretoria, South Africa ” (SANC); 1 ♀ “ SOUTH AFRICA, Tussen-die-Riviere, Nat. Res., OFS, nr. ”, “ Bethulie, i. 1994, G. L. Prinsloo ”, “ NATIONAL COLL. OF INSECTS (SANC) Pretoria, South Africa ” (SANC); 1 ♀ “ SOUTH AFRICA, Tvl., D’Nyala Nat. Res., Ellisras District ”, “ 23.45 S 27.49 E, 10 – 14. xi. 1986, G. L. Prinsloo ”, “ NATIONAL COLL. OF INSECTS (SANC), Pretoria, South Africa ” (SANC); 2 ♀ “ SOUTH AFRICA, Tvl., D’Nyala Nat. Res., Ellisras District ”, “ 23.45 S 27.49 E, 24 – 26. ix. 1990, O. C. Nesser ”, “ NATIONAL COLL. OF INSECTS (SANC), Pretoria, South Africa ” (SANC); 1 ♀ “ SOUTH AFRICA FS, Wonderwater Colliery 26.46 S 27.46 E 5. v. 1998, marginal vein Stiller ”, “ Collected by D-Vac from grass ”, “ NATIONAL COLL. OF INSECTS (SANC), Pretoria, South Africa ” (SANC); 1 ♀ “ S. Africa. R. E. Turner. Brit. Mus. 1923 - 547. ”, “ Port St. John, Pondoland. Oct. 1923 ” (BMNH); 3 ♀ (one teratological, see Popovici et al. 2014) “ S. Africa. R. E. Turner. Brit. Mus. 1924 - 289. ”, “ Port St. John, Pondoland. May 1924. ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ S. Africa. R. E. Turner. Brit. Mus. 1924 - 213. ”, “ Port St. John, Pondoland. 1 – 15. April 1924. ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ S. Africa. R. E. Turner. Brit. Mus. 1926 - 499. ”, “ Natal: Van Reenen. Drakensberg. Nov. 1926. ” (BMNH); 2 ♀ “ S. Africa. R. E. Turner. Brit. Mus. 1925 - 210. ”, “ Cape Province, Ceres. April 1925. ” (BMNH); 2 ♀ “ SOUTH AFRICA, Hekpoort (i) 74, A. Watsham ” (BMNH); 2 ♀ “ SOUTH AFRICA, Witwatersberg, A. Watsham I / 74 ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ S. Africa. R. E. Turner. Brit. Mus. 1927 - 54. ”, “ Natal: Van Reenen. Drakensberg. 1 – 22. i. 1927. ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ S. Africa. R. E. Turner. Brit. Mus. 1923 - 140. ”, “ Queenstown, Cape Province. 3,500 ft. 16. i. – 10. ii. 1923 ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ “ S. Africa. R. E. Turner. Brit. Mus. 1923 - 189. ”, “ Umtata, Transkei. 18. ii – 18. iii. 1923. ” (BMNH); 1 ♂ “ S. Africa. R. E. Turner. Brit. Mus. 1931 - 102. ”, “ Cape Province, Somerset East. 27 – 31. i. 1931. ” (BMNH); 1 ♂ “ Zululand: Eshowe. June 1926. ”, “ S. Africa. R. E. Turner. Brit. Mus. 1926 - 277 ” (BMNH); 1 ♂ “ S. Africa, R. E. Turner. Brit. Mus. 1923 - 332. ”, “ Port St. John, Pondoland. May 15 – 31. 1923 ” (BMNH); 1 ♂ “ Pietermaritzburg, Natal, River bank, 20. xi. 63 Haeselb. ” (BMNH). SUDAN: 1 ♀ “ SUDAN: Wad Medani 26. ii. 93, A. Polaszek ”, “ ex old maize cane infested with Sesamia cretica ”, “ gregarious ectoparasitoid ” (BMNH). ZIMBABWE: 1 ♀, “ ZIMBABWE Rekomitjie Res. Stat. malaise 16 10 ’ s. 29 25 ’ e. alt. 500 – 600 m. ” (RMNH); 2 ♀ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, A. Watsham / WF. 68, IX. 74 ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, A. Watsham / (iv) 75 ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, A. Watsham / WF. 204, x 75 ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, A. Watsham / WF. 207, (x) 75 ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ ZIMBABWE: Chishawasha, xii. 1980, A. Watsham ” (BMNH); 1 ♀, 1 ♂ “ ZIMBABWE: Chishawasha, ii. 1979, A. Watsham ” (BMNH); 2 ♀ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, A. Watsham / WF. 194, (viii) 75 ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, A. Watsham / WF. 97, xii 74 ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, A. Watsham / WFU 32, iv 74 ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, A. Watsham / WFU 68, ix 74 ”, “ R 253 ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, A. Watsham / WF 88, xi. 74 ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, A. Watsham / WFU 62, viii. 74 ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ RHODESIA, Makumbi m., A. Watsham / WFU 36, (v) 74 ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ RHODESIA, Makumbi M. (v) 74, A. Watsham ” (BMNH); 1 ♀, 1 ♂ “ ZIMBABWE: Chishawasha, ii. 1979, A. Watsham ” (MICO). The following specimens (their localities not represented on the map) most likely represent a different form of N. africanus; they differ from the specimens listed above mainly in the colour of the flagellum, which is uniformly dark brown: BENIN: 1 ♀ “ BENIN Calavi, Ferme F. S. A. U. N. B., 22. I – 11. II. 1999, Piège malaise, Leg. Y. Jongema ” (RMNH). D. R. CONGO: 2 ♀ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, I / o / 3 aval, 29 - ix- 1950, Réc. G. Demoulin. 853 ” (MRAC); 2 ♀ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, II / fd / 15, 24 - v- 1951, Réc. H. De Saeger. 1798 ” (MRAC); 1 ♀ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, II / fc / 4, 22 - ix- 1952, H. De Saeger. 4078 ” (MRAC); 1 ♀ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, II / gd / 6, 19 - viii- 52, H. De Saeger. 3952 ” (MRAC); 1 ♀ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, II / gd / 4, 8 - viii- 1952, H. De Saeger. 3923 ” (MRAC); 3 ♀ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, I / b / 2, 27 - ix- 1950, Réc. G. Demoulin. 848 ” (MRAC); 2 ♀ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, II / fc / 5, 26 - viii- 52, H. De Saeger. 3982 ” (MRAC); 1 ♀ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, I / b / 2, 22 - ii- 1950, Réc. H. De Saeger. 214 ” (MRAC); 1 ♀ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, II / gd / 4, 9 - x- 1951, H. De Saeger. 2560 ” (MRAC); 1 ♀ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, II / gd / 4, 18 - ix- 1952, H. De Saeger. 4077 ” (MRAC); 1 ♀ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, Napukumweli, 26 - viii- 1950, Réc. G. Demoulin. 789 ” (MRAC); 1 ♀ “ Congo belge, P. N. A., 23 - iii- 1954, P. Vanschuytbroeck & H. Synave 7705 - 12 ”, “ Secteur Tshiaberimu, riv. Talia Nord, 2340 m ” (MRAC). IVORY COAST: 1 ♀ “ Côte d’Ivoire, Adiopodoumé, 19. II. 1990, P. Albers ” (RMNH).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFD63563FF1FFDAAFEFEFE30.taxon	description	Redescription. FEMALE. Colour. Head and mesosoma usually dark blue-green, rarely with some coppery-green reflections (Figs 13 – 16). Metasoma from brown, with little or no metallic reflections, to blackish and conspicuous, usually greenish or violet reflections (Figs 13, 14). Body pilosity short whitish (Figs 15, 16). Eyes reddish, ocelli light brown (Figs 15, 16). Mandibles light brown, teeth reddish-brown. Antenna (Fig. 17) with scape and pedicel reddish-brown to dark brown, occasionally with some metallic reflections; flagellum reddish-brown to brown, except fu 6 and clava, which are dark brown to black; fu 6 sometimes not darker than rest of funicular segments. Wings hyaline, tegulae, venation and pilosity pale yellow to light brown (Fig. 18). Legs (Fig. 13) with fore and mid coxae dark brown to the same colour as mesosoma; hind coxa as mesosoma; trochanters light brown; femora dark brown; fore tibia and tarsus light brown; mid and hind tibiae and tarsi whitish to dark yellow except last tarsal segments light brown, arolia and claws dark brown; hind tibia occasionally slightly brownish in the middle. Body length. 2.25 – 4.00 mm. Head without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus, reticulate except lower face finely striated, striation not reaching toruli (Figs 15, 16). Head width about 2.1 – 2.3 × length in dorsal view and width about 1.2 – 1.3 × height in frontal view. Clypeal margin shallowly emarginate (Fig. 15). Eye ovate, anterior and posterior margins not sinuous, height about 1.4 – 1.5 × length (Fig. 13). Gena with a weak lamina near mouth corner. Malar space about 0.55 – 0.60 × eye height, about equal to or slightly shorter than eye length. POL about 1.4 – 1.7 × as long as OOL (Fig. 16). Temple about 0.2 – 0.3 × as long as eye in dorsal view. Scrobes very shallow, barely visible in dorsal view of head (Fig. 16). Toruli with lower margins from about level with lower margins of eyes to slightly below (Fig. 15). Antenna (Fig. 17) with scape virtually as long as eye height, not reaching vertex level (usually reaching lower edge of median ocellus) (Fig. 15); pedicel length about 1.8 – 2.0 × width, shorter than fu 1; length of pedicel plus flagellum from slightly less to slightly more than head width; first anellus strongly transverse, the second from strongly transverse to almost quadrate; funicular segments longer than wide, decreasing in length towards clava, mostly with two or three irregular rows of sensilla; fu 1 length about 2.60 – 2.75 × width, basally about as wide as second anellus; fu 6 length about 1.2 – 1.3 × width; clava slightly wider than fu 6, length about 2.7 – 2.8 × width, in lateral view abruptly narrowing before the well developed spicula, sutures hardly visible, oblique; micropilosity area occupying less than 1 / 3 length of claval body. Mesosoma dorsally coarsely reticulate (Fig. 14), length about 1.25 – 1.50 × width, length about 1.4 – 1.5 × height. Mesoscutum width about 1.8 – 2.1 × length (Fig. 14). Notauli hardly visible, reaching about middle of mesoscutum (Fig. 14). Upper mesepimeron smooth. Scutellum slightly wider than long, moderately convex (Fig. 13), frenal line absent, but reticulation slightly coarser on frenal area. Metapleuron and dorsellum uniformly reticulate. Propodeum about half length of scutellum, inclined, uniformly reticulate except two small depressions near its anterior edge submedially, and sometimes slightly depressed mesally; spiracles oval, spiracular sulci absent (cf. Fig. 11). Fore wing (Fig. 18) length about 2.4 × width; basal cell and basal fold glabrous; costal cell with several rows of setae on ventral surface; speculum moderate, reaching stigmal vein, but narrow beyond middle of marginal vein; wing pilosity including marginal fringe short; marginal vein about 1.8 – 2.8 × as long as stigmal vein; postmarginal vein slightly shorter than marginal vein; stigma hardly capitate. Metasoma ovate, apex acuminate, length about 1.9 – 2.5 × width, from about as long as head plus mesosoma to slightly longer, dorsally mostly finely reticulate-imbricate (alveolae wider than long) except for gt 1 which is mainly smooth (Figs 13, 14). Posterior margin of gt 1 conspicuously sinuous, not incised (Fig. 19); gt 1 length about 0.2 × metasoma length; gt 7 width about 1.6 – 1.8 × length. Ovipositor sheaths short, hardly visible in dorsal view (Fig. 14). MALE. Differs from the female holotype mainly as follows. Body length: 1.80 – 2.75 mm. Metasoma brown to dark brown except extensively yellowish dorsally and ventrally in proximal 1 / 2 to 2 / 3; extreme base of gt 1 brownish (Fig. 20); scape (except base) and pedicel usually dark brown to black, usually with some metallic reflections; base of scape light brown; flagellum dark brown (Figs 21, 22). Toruli much closer to median ocellus than to clypeal margin (Fig. 21). Scape usually exceeding level of vertex by about half scape length, or slightly less (Fig. 21); funicular segments widened both proximally and distally, mostly with two whorls of long whitish setae each, and separated from each other by long tubular connections; setae on funicular segments emerging mostly at an acute angle to segment (Fig. 22); length of pedicel plus flagellum about 1.7 – 2.1 × head width. Metasoma oval, length about 1.8 – 2.4 × width, shorter than head plus mesosoma and usually narrower than mesosoma (Fig. 20).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFD63563FF1FFDAAFEFEFE30.taxon	discussion	Comments. This species can be separated from similar ones using the characters given in the key and diagnosis. Small females, which have a narrower mesosoma and metasoma, somewhat resemble females of N. seyrigi, but can be separated from the latter by the lower antennal insertion and usually conspicuously dark clava. Initially described only from Malawi, this is apparently one of the most common and variable species of Norbanus in the Afrotropical region. Intraspecific variability consists mainly of the relative length of the marginal vein compared with the stigmal vein. The continuous variation of this character and the fact that no additional features could be identified in order to support the separation of several species seem to indicate a continuous gene flow between populations. A future molecular analysis of freshly collected specimens throughout Africa could reveal if a complex of morphologically sibling species is present. This is particularly important since the species has potential in the biological control of several insect pests (see below).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFD63563FF1FFDAAFEFEFE30.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Malawi (Subba Rao, 1973); Botswana, Cape Verde, D. R. Congo, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Namibia, Nigeria, South Africa, Sudan, Zimbabwe (new records) (Map 1). MAP 1. Distribution of N. aequus and N. africanus	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFD63563FF1FFDAAFEFEFE30.taxon	biology_ecology	Hosts. Norbanus africanus apparently attacks at least three species of moths (Lepidoptera) associated with maize and sorghum crops. Specimens from Kenya have been reared from Chilo sp. (Crambidae) larvae in maize stems, and Busseola sp. (Noctuidae) on sorghum, while specimens from Ethiopia have been reared from the Spotted Stalk Borer, Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) on sorghum. The female from Nigeria was reared from the “ larva of guineacorn stemborer ” (a common name given to several moths). The female from Sudan was reared from the Maize Pink Borer, Sesamia cretica Lederer (Noctuidae), and was mentioned and illustrated by Polaszek (1998) as Norbanus sp.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFCC356FFF1FFAB0FE5CFED2.taxon	description	(Figs 23 – 28)	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFCC356FFF1FFAB0FE5CFED2.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. BOTH SEXES. Head and mesosoma mostly dark bluish-green; hind tibia yellow (Figs 23 – 25, 28). Head without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus, in frontal view width about 1.2 × height (Fig. 25). Clypeal margin slightly emarginate; clypeal striation usually reaching to lower margins of toruli (Fig. 25). POL about 1.6 × OOL. Temple about 0.2 × as long as eye in dorsal view. Eye height about 1.5 × length. Upper mesepimeron smooth (Fig. 23). Scutellum slightly convex (Figs 23, 28). Propodeum inclined (Figs 23, 28), spiracular sulci absent (cf. Fig. 11). Marginal vein about 2.0 – 2.2 × as long as stigmal vein; speculum large, reaching to stigmal vein; marginal fringe on apical margin present (Fig. 27). FEMALE. Metasoma yellow to brown, ovipositor sheaths black (Figs 23, 24); scape yellow; clava dark (Fig. 26). Antennae inserted about level with lower margins of eyes; scape exceeding vertex, about 1.1 × longer than eye height (fig. 25); length of pedicel plus flagellum greater than head width; second anellus transverse, slightly longer than the first; fu 6 longer than wide; clava slightly wider than fu 6, ventrally abruptly narrowing before spicula, length about 2.7 – 2.8 × width (Fig. 26). Metasoma at most slightly longer than head plus mesosoma (Fig. 23), length about 2.0 – 2.1 × width. Posterior margin of gt 1 slightly to moderately sinuous (Fig. 24, cf. Fig. 19). MALE. Scape and pedicel usually brownish-yellow, without metallic reflections and hence contrasting with the darker flagellum (Fig. 28); hind femur brownish (Fig. 28). Scape long, exceeding level of vertex by more than half scape length; funicular segments widened both proximally and distally, mostly with two whorls of long setae each, and separated from each other by long tubular connections; setae on funicular segments emerging at a virtually right angle to segment (Fig. 28); length of pedicel plus flagellum about 2.2 × head width. Mesoscutum width about 1.9 – 2.1 × length.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFCC356FFF1FFAB0FE5CFED2.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype ♀ (BMNH). ZIMBABWE: “ ZIMBABWE, Salisbury, xii. 81, A. Watsham ” [CPD, on rectangular card]. Allotype ♂. ZIMBABWE: “ ZIMBABWE, Chishawasha, X. 1979, Y. Pans [Yellow Pan Traps], A. Watsham ” (BMNH). Additional paratypes. GAMBIA: 1 ♀ “ W. AFR. GAMBIA, Gunjur, 29. / I., 1978. L. Huggert ”, “ Norbanus ” [Bouček’s handwriting] (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ W. AFR. GAMBIA, Fajara, 24. / I., 1978. L. Huggert ”, “ Norbanus ” [Bouček’s handwriting] (BMNH). NAMIBIA: 1 ♀ “ SOUTH WEST AFRICA, Keetmanshoep, A. Watsham: 11: 73 ” (BMNH). NIGER: 1 ♀ “ Niger Niamey, 1. III. 1988, malaise, J. Hollands ” (RMNH). SOUTH AFRICA: 2 ♀ “ SOUTH AFRICA, O. F. S. Tussen Die Riviere Res. nr. Bethulie, 30.30 S 26.12 E, 30. iii. - 3. iv. 1987, G. L. Prinsloo ”, “ NATIONAL COLL. OF INSECTS (SANC), Pretoria, South Africa ” (SANC); 1 ♀ “ SOUTH AFRICA, Hans Strijdom Dam Prov. Nat. Res. nr. Ellisras, Tvl, i. 1988, GL Prinsloo ” “ NATIONAL COLL OF INSECTS (SANC), Pretoria, South Africa ” (SANC); 1 ♀ “ SOUTH AFRICA, 10 km NW from Warmbad, Tvl., 17. i. 1983, NC Grobbelaar ”, “ swept from grass ”, “ NATIONAL COLL OF INSECTS (SANC), Pretoria, South Africa ” (SANC); 1 ♀ “ S. Africa. R. E. Turner. Brit. Mus. 1930 - 593. ”, “ Cape Province, Somerset East. November 1930. ” (BMNH). ZIMBABWE: 5 ♀ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, A. Watsham / WF 78, x. 74 ” (BMNH); 3 ♀ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, A. Watsham / WF 81, x. 74 ” (BMNH); 2 ♀ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, A. Watsham / WF 88, xi. 74 ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, A. Watsham / WFU 67, ix. 74 ” (BMNH); 2 ♀ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, A. Watsham / WFU 62, viii. 74 ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, A. Watsham / WF 74, ix. 74 ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, A. Watsham / 31 / I / 74 ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, A. Watsham / WF 87, xi. 74 ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, A. Watsham / WFU 46, (vi) 74 ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, A. Watsham / WFU 14, 2 iii 74 ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, A. Watsham / WF. 138, (iii) 75 ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, A. Watsham / WF 80, x. 74 ” (BMNH); 1 ♂ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, A. Watsham / WF. 2, 20 i 74 ” (BMNH); 1 ♂ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, A. Watsham / WF 96, xii 74 ” (BMNH); 1 ♂ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, A. Watsham / WF. 93, xi. 74 ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ ZIMBABWE, Chishawasha, xii. 1980, A. Watsham ” (MICO). Other material: 1 ♀ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, A. Watsham / WF 78, x. 74 ” (BMNH) (body parts detached, metasoma missing).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFCC356FFF1FFAB0FE5CFED2.taxon	description	Description. FEMALE (holotype). Colour. Head and mesosoma dark bluish-green, with slight bronze reflections (Figs 23 – 25). Metasoma light brown, ovipositor sheaths black (Figs 23, 24). Body pilosity short whitish (Figs 24, 25). Eyes red, ocelli whitish (Figs 24, 25). Mandibles reddish-yellow, teeth reddish-brown (Fig. 25). Antenna (Fig. 26) with scape, pedicel and flagellum except clava yellow; clava brown. Wings hyaline, tegulae, venation and pilosity whitish. Legs (Fig. 23) with fore and mid coxae brown with slight metallic reflections, hind coxa as mesosoma except pale ventral surface; femora light brown, apices lighter; tibiae and tarsi whitish; last tarsal segment yellowish, arolia and claws brown. Body length. 3 mm. Head without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus, reticulate except lower face finely striated, striation reaching toruli (Fig. 25). Clypeal margin very shallowly emarginate (Fig. 25). Eye ovate, anterior and posterior margins not sinuous (Fig. 23). Gena with a weak lamina near mouth corner. Scrobes very shallow, barely visible in dorsal view of the head (Fig. 24). Toruli with lower margins about level with lower margins of eyes (Fig. 25). Antenna (Fig. 26) with scape reaching above level of vertex (Fig. 25); both anelli transverse, the second slightly longer than the first; funicular segments longer than wide; clava in lateral view abruptly narrowing before the well developed spicula, sutures hardly visible, oblique; micropilosity area occupying less than 1 / 3 length of claval body. Relative measurements — head length: 24, width: 50, height: 42; POL: 10; OOL: 6.5; eye height: 25, length: 17; IOD: 28; eye length dorsally: 17; temple length dorsally: 3; malar space: 16; distance between clypeal margin and toruli: 16; scape length: 27; pedicel length: 5, width: 2.5; pedicel plus flagellum: 57; fu 1 length: 7, width: 3; fu 6 length: 5, width: 3.5; clava length: 13, width: 4. Mesosoma dorsally coarsely reticulate (Fig. 24). Notauli hardly visible, reaching about middle of mesoscutum (Fig. 24). Scutellum slightly convex (Fig. 23), frenal line absent, but frenal area with finer reticulation than rest of scutellum. Upper mesepimeron smooth (Fig. 23). Metapleuron and dorsellum uniformly reticulate. Propodeum inclined (Fig. 23), uniformly reticulate except two small depressions near its anterior margin submedially; spiracles oval, spiracular sulci absent (cf. Fig. 11). Fore wing (Fig. 27) with basal cell and basal fold glabrous; costal cell with several rows of setae on ventral surface; speculum large, extending to stigmal vein; wing pilosity including marginal fringe short; stigma hardly capitate. Relative measurements — mesosomal length: 50, width: 40, height: 36; mesoscutum length: 19; scutellum length: 19, width: 20; propodeum length: 9; fore wing length: 106, width: 44; M: 19; S: 9.5; P: 17. Metasoma ovate, about 1.2 × as long as head plus mesosoma, reticulate-imbricate dorsally (alveolae wider than long) except for gt 1 which is mainly smooth (Figs 23, 24, cf. Fig. 19). Posterior margin of gt 1 sinuous, not incised (Fig. 24, cf. Fig. 19). Ovipositor sheaths short, hardly visible in dorsal view (Fig. 24). Relative measurements — metasomal length: 86, width: 42; gt 1 length: 15; gt 7 length: 6, width: 11. MALE (allotype). Differs from the female holotype mainly as follows. Body length: 2 mm. Metasoma brownish except extensively yellowish dorsally and ventrally in proximal 2 / 3; extreme base of gt 1 brownish (Fig. 28); flagellum dark reddish-brown (Fig. 28). Toruli much closer to median ocellus than to clypeal margin (Fig. 28). Scape exceeding level of vertex by more than half scape length; funicular segments widened both proximally and distally, mostly with two whorls of long setae each, and separated from each other by long tubular connections; setae on funicular segments emerging at a virtually right angle to segment (Fig. 28); length of pedicel plus flagellum about 2.2 × head width. Metasoma oval, length about 3 × width, slightly shorter than head plus mesosoma and narrower than mesosoma (Fig. 28). MAP 2. Distribution of N. awi and N. brevicephalus Variation. FEMALES. Body length: 2.75 – 3.75 mm. Colour of metasoma varying from yellow to dark brown; in the latter case, all coxae as mesosoma. Combined length of pedicel and flagellum about 1.1 – 1.3 × as long as head width. Mesoscutum width about 1.9 – 2.1 × length. Marginal vein about 2.0 – 2.2 × as long as stigmal vein. Metasoma length about 2.0 – 2.2 × width. MALES. Body length: 1.75 – 2.30 mm. Length of pedicel plus flagellum about 2.2 – 2.4 × head width. Metasoma length about 2 – 3 × width, from distinctly shorter to almost equal to head plus mesosoma, the pale spot occupying from about 1 / 2 to about 2 / 3 length of metasoma.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFCC356FFF1FFAB0FE5CFED2.taxon	discussion	Comments. The females of N. awi can be distinguished from females of similar species mainly by the longer scape and lighter colour of the metasoma. Darker female specimens are especially prone to be confused with females of N. africanus. The males can be distinguished from males of similar species mainly by the longer scapes and setae on funicular segments, which emerge at a virtually right angle. One female is excluded from the type series because of the fragmented and missing body parts.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFCC356FFF1FFAB0FE5CFED2.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name is formed by the initials of Rev. Anthony Watsham to whom the new species is dedicated. He collected a large number of specimens that are now in the collection of BMNH.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFCC356FFF1FFAB0FE5CFED2.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Gambia, Namibia, Niger, South Africa, Zimbabwe (Map 2).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFCC356FFF1FFAB0FE5CFED2.taxon	biology_ecology	Hosts. Unknown.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFC0356DFF1FFE71FE5CFB5F.taxon	description	(Figs 29 – 36)	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFC0356DFF1FFE71FE5CFB5F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. BOTH SEXES. Head and mesosoma black, with some faint metallic reflections (Figs 29 – 32, 36); hind tibia medially dark (Figs 29, 36). Head without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus (Fig. 31). Clypeal margin slightly emarginate (Fig. 31). Temple short, about 0.2 × as long as eye in dorsal view, posteriorly round and strongly convergent (Fig. 32). Scutellum moderately convex, not globose (Figs 29, 36). Upper mesepimeron smooth. Propodeum inclined (Figs 29, 36), spiracular sulci absent (cf. Fig. 11). Speculum not reaching proximal part of marginal vein, separated from it by a patch of sparse setae (Fig. 34). FEMALE. Metasoma brown (Figs 29, 30, 35); fu 5 – 6 and clava dark (Fig. 33). Scape not reaching vertex (Fig 31); second anellus transverse; fu 1 not wider than pedicel; clava length about 2.6 × width, slightly wider than fu 6 and gradually narrowing towards spicula; micropilosity area occupying about 1 / 3 length of claval body (Fig. 33). Fore wing disc pilosity dense (Fig. 34). Posterior margin of gt 1 not incised, moderately sinuous (Figs 30, 35). Sculpture on gastral tergites mostly reticulate-imbricate, with alveolae much wider than long (Fig. 35). MALE. Funicular segments widened both proximally and distally, mostly with two whorls of long setae each, and separated from each other by long tubular connections; setae on funicular segments shorter than length of segments; claval segments separated by deep constrictions (Fig. 36).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFC0356DFF1FFE71FE5CFB5F.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype ♀ (BMNH). MADAGASCAR: “ Madagascar: Tuléar, Bereboka, 65 km N. E. Morondava, May 1983, J. S. Noyes, M. C. Day ” [CPD, on rectangular card]. Allotype ♂. MADAGASCAR: “ Madagascar: Tuléar, Berenty 12 km N. W. Amboasary, 5 – 15. V. 1983, J. Noyes & M. Day, B. M. 1983 - 201 ” (BMNH). Additional paratypes. MAURITIUS: 1 ♂ “ MAURITIUS; Macchabee Forest, 2. vi. 1971, A. M. Hutson, B. M. 1971 - 346 ” (BMNH).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFC0356DFF1FFE71FE5CFB5F.taxon	description	Description. FEMALE (holotype). Colour. Head and mesosoma black, with very faint bronze green reflections (Figs 29 – 32); metasoma light brown, ovipositor sheaths black (Figs 29, 30, 35). Body pilosity short whitish (Figs 31, 32). Eyes grey, ocelli translucent (Figs 31, 32). Mandibles light brown, teeth darker. Antenna (Fig. 33) with scape (except base), pedicel, anelli and fu 1 – 4, light brown, fu 5 – 6 and clava except tip dark brown to black; base of scape whitish, apex of clava and spicula lighter than rest of clava. Wings hyaline, tegulae and venation brown (Fig. 34). Legs (Fig. 29) with coxae brown, darker basally; trochanters light brown; fore and mid femora brown, hind femur dark brown; fore tibia brown with light knees; mid and hind tibiae with an extensive brown band around middle of segment, leaving pale extremities; tarsi light brown, claws and arolia darker. Body length. 3.75 mm. Head without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus, reticulate except lower face extensively and finely striated, striation not reaching toruli (Figs 31, 32). Clypeal margin shallowly emarginate (Fig. 31). Eye ovate, anterior and posterior margins not sinuous (Fig. 29). Gena with distinct lamina near mouth corner. Scrobes short and shallow, not visible in dorsal view of the head (Fig. 32). Toruli with lower margins slightly above lower margins of eyes (Fig. 31). Antenna (Fig. 33) with scape not reaching vertex (Fig. 31); both anelli transverse, the second slightly longer than the first; funicular segments longer than wide; clava ventrally gradually narrowing before spicula, sutures hardly visible, oblique; micropilosity area occupying about 1 / 3 length of claval body. Relative measurements — head length: 22.5, width: 54, height: 43; POL: 10.5; OOL: 7.5; eye height: 25.5, length: 17; IOD: 30.5; eye length dorsally: 16; temple length dorsally: 3; malar space: 15; distance between clypeal margin and toruli: 16; scape length: 25; pedicel length: 5, width: 3; pedicel plus flagellum: 55; fu 1 length: 6.5, width: 2.5; fu 6 length: 5.5, width: 3.5; clava length: 10.5, width: 4. Mesosoma dorsally reticulate (Fig. 30). Notauli traceable to about half the length of mesoscutum (Fig. 30). Scutellum moderately convex (Fig. 29), frenal line absent, but frenal area with finer reticulation than rest of scutellum. Upper mesepimeron smooth. Metapleuron and dorsellum uniformly reticulate. Propodeum inclined (Fig. 29), uniformly reticulate except two small depressions near its anterior margin submedially; spiracles large and elongate, their anterior edge nearly touching metanotum; spiracular sulci absent (cf. Fig. 11). Fore wing (Fig. 34) with basal cell and basal fold glabrous; costal cell with one continuous row of pilosity on ventral surface, accompanied by a few scattered setae distally; speculum moderately wide, but in the upper part not reaching marginal vein, being separated from it by a patch of sparse pilosity; disc pilosity dense, area between stigmal vein and postmarginal vein mostly pilose; wing pilosity including marginal fringe short; stigma clearly capitate. Relative measurements — mesosomal length: 53, width: 44, height: 38; mesoscutum length: 20; scutellum length: 20, width: 25; propodeum length: 9; fore wing length: 105, width: 41; M: 21; S: 10; P: 19. Metasoma ovate-acuminate (Figs 29, 30), dorsally mostly reticulate-imbricate (alveolae wider than long) except for gt 1 which is mainly smooth (Fig. 35). Posterior margin of gt 1 entire and clearly sinuous (Fig. 35). Metasoma length slightly greater than combined length of head and mesosoma (Fig. 29). Ovipositor sheaths slightly visible in dorsal view (Fig. 30). Relative measurements — metasomal length: 85, width: 44; gt 1 length: 12; gt 7 length: 5.5, width: 14. MALE (allotype). Differs from the female holotype mainly as follows. Body length: 2.75 mm. Metasoma brownish except extensively yellowish dorsally and ventrally in proximal 2 / 3; extreme base of gt 1 brownish (Fig. 36). Scape reddish-brown, darker dorsally; flagellum dark brown (Fig. 36). Toruli much closer to median ocellus than to clypeal margin (Fig. 36). Scape exceeding level of vertex by about half scape length; funicular segments widened both proximally and distally, mostly with two whorls of long setae each, and separated from each other by long tubular connections; setae on funicular segments emerging mostly at an acute angle to segment, shorter than length of segments (Fig. 36); length of pedicel plus flagellum about 1.7 × head width; clava with segments not closely compacted together (Fig. 36). Fore wing disc pilosity less dense. Metasoma oval, length about 2.1 × width, shorter than head plus mesosoma and narrower than mesosoma (Fig. 36). Variation. Not conspicuous in the available material.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFC0356DFF1FFE71FE5CFB5F.taxon	discussion	Comments. Both sexes of N. brevicephalus most closely resemble N. foritempus. The females differ from those of the latter species mostly in the shape of the flagellum and head, and the sculpture of the gastral tergites. The males of N. brevicephalus can be separated from males of N. foritempus mostly by the shape and structure of the flagellum.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFC0356DFF1FFE71FE5CFB5F.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name of the new species refers to the short head due to the reduced temples.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFC0356DFF1FFE71FE5CFB5F.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Madagascar, Mauritius (Map 2).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFC0356DFF1FFE71FE5CFB5F.taxon	biology_ecology	Hosts. Unknown.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFC23568FF1FFAFAFD08FAFD.taxon	description	(Figs 37 – 42)	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFC23568FF1FFAFAFD08FAFD.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. FEMALE. Head and mesosoma mostly dark blue (Figs 37 – 40); metasoma yellow to brown, without metallic reflections; gt 7 always darker than rest of the tergites; ovipositor sheaths black (Figs 37, 38); clava yellow (Fig. 41); hind tibia yellow (Fig. 37). Head without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus (Fig. 39), in frontal view width about 1.2 × height. Clypeal margin slightly emarginate (Fig. 39). POL about 2.1 – 2.2 × OOL (Fig. 40). Temple about 0.2 × as long as eye in dorsal view (Fig. 40). Eye height about 1.3 × length. Toruli at about level with lower margins of eyes or slightly below (Fig. 39). Scape reaching median ocellus; length of pedicel plus flagellum distinctly greater than head width; second anellus transverse; fu 6 transverse to quadrate, appearing as part of clava; clava short, length about 2.0 – 2.2 × width, hardly wider than fu 6, ventrally abruptly narrowing before spicula (Fig. 41). Scutellum moderately convex (Fig. 37). Upper mesepimeron smooth. Propodeum inclined (Fig. 37), spiracular sulci absent (cf. Fig. 11). Marginal vein about 2.0 – 2.3 × as long as stigmal vein; speculum large, reaching to stigmal vein; marginal fringe on apical margin present (Fig. 42). Metasoma about as long as head plus mesosoma, length about 2.0 – 2.2 × width (Figs 37, 38). Posterior margin of gt 1 slightly sinuous (cf. Fig. 19).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFC23568FF1FFAFAFD08FAFD.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype ♀ (CNC). SOUTH AFRICA: “ SOUTH AFRICA: Transvaal, Kruger Nat. Park, Skukuza, 12 – 14. XII. 1985, S. & J. Peck, light trap ” [on rectangular card]. Paratypes. NAMIBIA: 1 ♀ “ SOUTH WEST AFRICA, Witvlei: 11: 73, A. Watsham ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ SOUTH WEST AFRICA, Gross Otavi: 11: 73, A. Watsham ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ SOUTH WEST AFRICA, Gobabis: 11: 73, A. Watsham ” (BMNH). SOUTH AFRICA: 2 ♀, same data as holotype (CNC); 1 ♀ “ S. Africa, Johannesburg, 2.14.84, M. Coetzee ”, “ Norbanus det. R. A. Burks 2004 ” (CNC); 3 ♀ “ SOUTH AFRICA, O. F. S. Tussen Die Riviere Res. nr. Bethulie, 30.30 S 26.12 E, 30. iii. – 3. iv. 1987, G. L. Prinsloo ”, “ NATIONAL COLL. OF INSECTS (SANC), Pretoria, South Africa ” (SANC); 5 ♀ “ SOUTH AFRICA, Tvl., D’Nyala Nat. Res., Ellisras District ”, “ 23.45 S 27.49 E, 23 – 26. ii. 1987, G. L. Prinsloo ”, “ NATIONAL COLL. OF INSECTS (SANC), Pretoria, South Africa ” (SANC); 1 ♀ “ SOUTH AFRICA, Tvl., D’Nyala Nat. Res., Ellisras District ”, “ 23.45 S 27.49 E, 24 – 26. ix. 1990, O. C. Neser ”, “ NATIONAL COLL. OF INSECTS (SANC), Pretoria, South Africa ” (SANC); 1 ♀ “ SOUTH AFRICA, Nylstroom Tvl. II. 1977, G. L. Prinsloo ”, “ NATIONAL COLL. OF INSECTS (SANC), Pretoria, South Africa ” (SANC); 1 ♀ “ SOUTH AFRICA, Dukuduku Forest. Res. Ntl. IV. 1977, G. L. Prinsloo ”, “ NATIONAL COLL. OF INSECTS (SANC), Pretoria, South Africa ” (SANC); 2 ♀ “ SOUTH AFRICA, TVL., Entabeni Forest Res., Soutpansberg, 23.00 S 30.16 E. 3 – 7. xi. 1980, G. L. Prinsloo ”, “ NATIONAL COLL. OF INSECTS (SANC), Pretoria, South Africa ” (SANC); 1 ♀ “ SOUTH AFRICA, Weltevreden Farm, nr. Karino, Tvl. Ii. 1990, G. L. Prinsloo ”, “ NATIONAL COLL. OF INSECTS (SANC), Pretoria, South Africa ” (SANC); 1 ♀ “ SOUTH AFRICA, Langjan Prov. Nature Res., Tvl., i. 1980, G L Prinsloo ”, “ NATIONAL COLL OF INSECTS (SANC), Pretoria, South Africa ” (SANC). ZIMBABWE: 1 ♀ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, A. Watsham / WF 82, X. 74 ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, A. Watsham / WF. 68, IX. 74 ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ ZIMBABWE, Chishawasha, vi. 1980, A. Watsham, Malaise Trap ” (MICO).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFC23568FF1FFAFAFD08FAFD.taxon	description	Description. FEMALE (holotype). Colour. Head and mesosoma dark blue, with slight greenish reflections (Figs 37 – 40). Metasoma dark yellow dorsally and light brown ventrally, with gt 7 dark, with bluish metallic reflections; ovipositor sheaths black (Figs 37, 38). Body pilosity short whitish (Figs 39, 40). Eyes red, ocelli light brown (Fig. 40). Mandibles light brown, teeth reddish-brown (Fig. 39). Antenna yellowish (Fig. 41). Wings hyaline, tegulae and venation light brown (Fig. 42). Legs (Fig. 37) with coxae as mesosoma dorsally and brown ventrally; trochanters brownish-yellow; femora brown in the proximal 2 / 3 and whitish-yellow distally; tibiae and tarsi whitish-yellow, the latter with the last segment, arolia and claws brown. Body length. 1.75 mm. Head without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus, reticulate except lower face finely striated, striation not reaching toruli (Figs 39, 40). Clypeal margin very shallowly emarginate (Fig. 39). Eye ovate, anterior and posterior margins not sinuous (Fig. 37). Gena with a very weak lamina near mouth corner. Scrobes very shallow, barely visible in dorsal view of the head (Fig. 40). Toruli with lower margins about level with lower margins of eyes (Fig. 39). Antenna (Fig. 41) with scape reaching median ocellus (Fig. 39); both anelli transverse, the second slightly longer than the first; funicular segments longer than wide except fu 6, which is slightly transverse, and appears as part of the clava; clava ventrally abruptly narrowing before spicula, sutures hardly visible, oblique; micropilosity area occupying less than 1 / 3 length of claval body. Relative measurements — head length: 18, width: 33, height: 28; POL: 10; OOL: 4.5; eye height: 16, length: 12.5; IOD: 20.5; eye length dorsally: 12.5; temple length dorsally: 2.5; malar space: 10.5; mouth width: 16; distance between clypeal margin and toruli: 10.5; scape length: 17; pedicel length: 4.5, width: 2.5; pedicel plus flagellum: 36; fu 1 length: 3.5, width: 2; fu 6 length: 3.5, width: 4; clava length: 9, width: 4.5. Mesosoma dorsally coarsely reticulate (Fig. 38). Notauli almost reaching middle of mesoscutum (Fig. 38). Scutellum moderately convex (Fig. 37), frenal line absent, but frenal area with finer reticulation than rest of scutellum. Upper mesepimeron smooth. Metapleuron and dorsellum uniformly reticulate. Propodeum inclined (Fig. 37), uniformly reticulate except two small depressions near its anterior margin submedially; spiracles oval, spiracular sulci absent (cf. Fig. 11). Fore wing (cf. Fig. 42) with basal cell and basal fold glabrous; costal cell with several rows of setae on ventral surface; speculum large, extending to stigmal vein; wing pilosity including marginal fringe short; stigma hardly capitate. Relative measurements — mesosomal length: 36, width: 25, height: 25; mesoscutum length: 14; scutellum length: 14, width: 15; propodeum length: 7; fore wing length: 75, width: 30; M: 15; S: 6.5; P: 11. Metasoma ovate-acuminate, about as long as head plus mesosoma (Fig. 37), dorsally mostly reticulate-imbricate (alveolae wider than long) except for gt 1 which is mainly smooth (cf. Fig. 19). Posterior margin of gt 1 sinuous, not incised (cf. Fig. 19). Ovipositor sheaths short, hardly visible in dorsal view (Fig. 38). Relative measurements — metasomal length: 53, width: 24; gt 1 length: 9; gt 7 length: 3, width: 7. MALE. Unknown. Variation. FEMALES. Body length: 1.75 – 2.30 mm. Metasoma yellow to brown; colour of last metasomal tergite always in contrast with rest of tergites, brown to black, in the latter case with conspicuous metallic reflections. Antenna with fu 6 quadrate to slightly transverse. Marginal vein about 2.0 – 2.3 × as long as stigmal vein. Metasoma length about 2.0 – 2.2 × width.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFC23568FF1FFAFAFD08FAFD.taxon	discussion	Comments. The new species superficially resembles N. awi, N. gracilis and N. incombo in the usually yellow metasoma. Norbanus breviclava can be separated from all these species mainly by the shape of antenna, with fu 6 and clava short. In addition, from N. awi it can be separated by the shorter scape, less extended clypeal striation, and longer POL. From N. gracilis it differs mainly in the position of toruli and shape of eyes, while from N. incombo in the shape of gt 1, which has the posterior margin sinuous, but not incised.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFC23568FF1FFAFAFD08FAFD.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name refers to the short clava.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFC23568FF1FFAFAFD08FAFD.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe (Map 3).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFC23568FF1FFAFAFD08FAFD.taxon	biology_ecology	Hosts. Unknown. MAP 3. Distribution of N. breviclava and N. caloramans	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFC73557FF1FFA5DFB02F86A.taxon	description	(Figs 43 – 50)	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFC73557FF1FFA5DFB02F86A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. BOTH SEXES: Head and mesosoma usually dark blue or green (Figs 43 – 46, 49, 50); tibiae conspicuously brownish medially (Figs 43, 49). Head without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus, in frontal view width about 1.2 × height (Figs 45, 50). Clypeal margin slightly emarginate (Figs 45, 50); clypeal striation mostly not reaching to lower margins of toruli (Figs 45, 50). POL about 1.7 – 2.1 × OOL (Fig. 46). Temple about 0.2 × as long as eye in dorsal view (Fig. 46). Eye height about 1.4 × length. Scutellum moderately convex (Figs 43, 49). Upper mesepimeron smooth (Fig. 49). Propodeum inclined (Figs 43, 49), spiracular sulci absent (cf. Fig. 11). Marginal vein about 1.6 – 2.0 × as long as stigmal vein; speculum large, reaching to stigmal vein; marginal fringe on apical margin present (Fig. 48). FEMALE. Metasoma, including ovipositor sheaths, dark brown (Figs 43, 44); clava and sometimes fu 6 dark (Fig. 47); stigmal vein usually conspicuously lighter than rest of venation. Toruli at about level with lower margins of eyes (Fig. 45). Scape not reaching level of vertex; length of pedicel plus flagellum equal to very slightly greater than head width; second anellus slightly to conspicuously transverse; fu 6 longer than wide; clava wider than fu 6, gradually narrowing before spicula, length about 2.4 – 2.8 × width (Fig. 47). Metasoma about as long as head plus mesosoma, length about 1.8 – 2.3 × width (Figs 43, 44). Posterior margin of gt 1 sinuous (Fig. 44, cf. Fig. 19). MALE. Scape and pedicel usually dark brown to black, mostly with some metallic reflections and hence not contrasting with flagellum (Figs 49, 50). Scape exceeding level of vertex by at most about 1 / 3 scape length (Fig. 50); funicular segments widened both proximally and distally, mostly with two whorls of long setae each, and separated from each other by long tubular connections (fig. 49); length of pedicel plus flagellum about 1.6 – 1.8 × head width. Mesoscutum width about 1.9 × length.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFC73557FF1FFA5DFB02F86A.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype ♀ (CNC). BOSTWANA: “ BOTSWANA: Serowe Farmer’s Brigade, III. 1987 MT, P. Forchhammer ” [on rectangular card]. Allotype ♂. BOSTWANA: “ BOTSWANA: Serowe Farmer’s Brigade, 14 – 30. VI. 1987 MT, P. Forchhammer ” (CNC). Additional paratypes. BOSTWANA: 7 ♀ and 8 ♂ same information as holotype (CNC); 2 ♀ and 6 ♂ “ BOSTWANA: Serowe, Farmer’s Brigade, I. 1987 MT, P. Forchhammer ” (CNC); 2 ♀ “ BOTSWANA: Serowe Farmer’s Brigade, 14 – 30. VI. 1987 MT, P. Forchhammer ” (CNC); 1 ♀ “ BOTSWANA: Serowe Farmer’s Brigade, VI. 1987 MT, P. Forchhammer ” (CNC); 3 ♀ and 5 ♂ “ BOTSWANA: Serowe Farmer’s Brigade, VII. 1987 MT, P. Forchhammer ” (CNC); 1 ♀ “ BOTSWANA: Serowe Farmer’s Brigade, VIII. 1987 MT, P. Forchhammer ” (CNC); 1 ♀ “ BOTSWANA: Serowe Farmer’s Brigade, IX. 1987 MT, P. Forchhammer ”, “ Norbanus det. R. A. Burks 2004 ” (CNC); 2 ♀ and 3 ♂ “ BOTSWANA: Serowe Farmer’s Brigade, XII. 1987 MT, P. Forchhammer ” (CNC). KENYA: 1 ♀ “ KENYA Eastern Katulani Kitui distr., malaise trap XI. 1990, J. A. M. Jansen ” (RMNH); 1 ♂ “ KENYA: Nairobi, 22 / ii. 1986 Bouček ” (BMNH). MADAGASCAR: 1 ♂ “ MADAGASCAR: Ampamakiam-pafanga, Lac Matsabory Creole, 1 km N Ambilobe at road 6, 8.9.2004, v. Tschirnhaus ”, “ Swept on grazed weeds and along shore with a high Phragmites-like monocot, swept, elector, Mg 1615 ” (MICO). NAMIBIA: 26 ♀ and 5 ♂ “ S. W. Africa, Aus, Jan 1930 ”, “ R. E. Turner, Brit. Mus., 1930 - 117 ” (BMNH); 6 ♀ “ Aus, Dec. 1929 ”, “ S. W. Africa, R. E. Turner, Brit. Mus., 1930 - 113 ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ SOUTH WEST AFRICA, Mariental: 11: 73, A. Watsham ” (BMNH); 1 ♂ “ SOUTH WEST AFRICA (W 31), Okahanja, Camping Place, 4. ii. 1972, Riverside vegetation, Malaise-Trap. ”, “ Southern African Exp., B. M. 1972 - 1 ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ SOUTH WEST AFRICA, Namib / Naukluft Park, Kuiseb R nr Gobabeb, 23.34 S 15.03 E. 18. ii – 20. iii. 1983. Nat. Coll. Kuiseb Survey ”, “ Collected from Eragrostis spinosa (Poaceae) ”, “ PTEROMALIDAE 2 ”, “ NATIONAL COLL. OF INSECTS (SANC), Pretoria, South Africa ” (SANC). SOUTH AFRICA: 1 ♀ “ SOUTH AFRICA E CAPE, Hogsback Mnt, 32 ° 35 ’ S 27 ° 05 ’ E, 3. xii. 1983 GL Prinsloo & NC Grobbelaar ”, “ NATIONAL COLL. OF INSECTS (SANC), Pretoria, South Africa ” (SANC); 1 ♀ “ SOUTH AFRICA, Cradock, C. P., ii. 1990, G. L. Prinsloo ”, “ NATIONAL COLL. OF INSECTS (SANC), Pretoria, South Africa ” (SANC); 1 ♀ “ SOUTH AFRICA, Natal, Cathedral Peak area above Mike’s Pasa, 28.59 S 29.14 E. 1973 m, 19 – 23. i. 1986, B. Grobbelaar ”, “ NATIONAL COLL. OF INSECTS (SANC), Pretoria, South Africa ” (SANC); 4 ♀ “ SOUTH AFRICA, C. P., 62 km SW Vanzylsrus, 27.04 S 21.33 E, 23. iii. 1983, C. D. Eardley ”, “ Swept from Tribulus sp. ”, “ NATIONAL COLL. OF INSECTS (SANC), Pretoria, South Africa ” (SANC); 1 ♀ “ SOUTH AFRICA, Stellenbosch, 12 - iii- 73, R. L. Kluge ”, “ on Tribulus terrestris ”, “ SANC PRETORIA Database No. HYMC 04952 ” (SANC); 2 ♀ “ S. Africa. R. E. Turner. Brit. Mus. 1923 - 45. ”, “ Aliwal North, Cape Province. Dec. 1922. ” (BMNH); 1 ♂ “ SOUTH AFRICA, Pearston 12 / 73, A. Watsham ” (BMNH); 1 ♂ “ S. Africa. R. E. Turner. Brit. Mus. 1925 - 79 ”, “ Cape Province, Ceres. Jan. 1925. ” (BMNH); 1 ♂ “ SOUTH AFRICA: Transvaal, Kruger Nat. Park, Satara 15 – 18. XII. 1985, S. & J. Peck ” (CNC); 1 ♂ “ SOUTH AFRICA: Transvaal, Kruger Nat. Park, 16 – 18. XII. 1985, PT, M. Sanborne ” (CNC). ZIMBABWE: 1 ♂ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, A. Watsham / WFU 62, viii 74 ” (BMNH); 1 ♂ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, Chishawasha, WF 231, iii. 1976, A. Watsham ” (MICO). Other material. NAMIBIA: 1 ♀ “ S. W. AFRICA (W 55), 8 m. W. Gobabis, Windhoek — Gobabis Rd., 4900 ’ 11. iv. 1972 ”, “ Southern African Exp., B. M. 1972 - 1 ” (BMNH). SOUTH AFRICA: 1 ♀ “ S. Africa. R. E. Turner. Brit. Mus. 1925 - 161. ”, “ Cape Province, Ceres. March 1925. ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ SOUTH AFRICA, NATAL, Cape Vidal, 28.10 S 32.32 E. 13. i. 1981, G. L. Prinsloo ”, “ NATIONAL COLL. OF INSECTS (SANC), Pretoria, South Africa ” (SANC).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFC73557FF1FFA5DFB02F86A.taxon	description	Description. FEMALE (holotype). Colour. Head and mesosoma dark blue (Figs 43 – 46). Metasoma dark brown (Figs 43, 44). Body pilosity short whitish (Figs 45, 46). Eyes pale red, ocelli yellowish (Fig. 46). Mandibles reddish-yellow, teeth reddish-brown (Fig. 45). Antenna mostly light reddish-brown except base of scape, which is lighter, pedicel, which is darker dorsally, and fu 6 and clava, which are dark brown (Fig. 47). Wings hyaline; tegulae brown, venation and pilosity whitish (Fig. 48). Legs (Fig. 43) with all coxae as mesosoma; trochanters light brown; femora dark brown, lighter apically; tibiae pale yellow, brownish medially (fore tibiae more extensively pale brown, except their kickface, which is pale yellow); tarsi pale yellow, last segment, arolia and claws brown. Body length. 3 mm. Head without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus, reticulate except lower face finely striated, striation not reaching toruli (Figs 45, 46). Clypeal margin shallowly emarginate (Fig. 45). Eye ovate, anterior and posterior margins not sinuous (fig. 43). Gena with a weak lamina near mouth corner. Scrobes moderately shallow, visible in dorsal view of the head (Fig. 46). Toruli with lower margins about level with lower margins of eyes (Fig. 45). Antenna (Fig. 47) with scape not reaching level of vertex; first anellus strongly transverse, the second less so, but still distinctly wider than long; funicular segments longer than wide; clava ventrally gradually narrowing before spicula, sutures hardly visible, oblique; micropilosity area occupying more than 1 / 3 length of claval body. Relative measurements — head length: 27, width: 59, height: 49; POL: 14; OOL: 8; eye height: 28, length: 19; IOD: 37; eye length dorsally: 18; temple length dorsally: 4; malar space: 19; mouth width: 28; distance between clypeal margin and toruli: 17; scape length: 29; pedicel length: 6, width: 3; pedicel plus flagellum: 60; fu 1 length: 7, width: 4; fu 6 length: 5, width: 4; clava length: 14, width: 5. Mesosoma dorsally coarsely reticulate (Fig. 44). Notauli reaching middle of mesoscutum (Fig. 44). Scutellum moderately convex (Fig. 43), frenal line absent, but frenal area with finer reticulation than rest of scutellum. Upper mesepimeron smooth (cf. Fig. 49). Metapleuron and dorsellum uniformly reticulate. Propodeum inclined (Fig. 43), uniformly reticulate except two small depressions near its anterior margin submedially; spiracles oval, spiracular sulci absent (cf. Fig. 11). Fore wing (cf. Fig. 48) with basal cell and basal fold glabrous; costal cell with several rows of setae on ventral surface; speculum large, extending to stigmal vein; wing pilosity including marginal fringe short; stigma moderately capitate. Relative measurements — mesosomal length: 61, width: 48; height: 44; mesoscutum length: 24; scutellum length: 22, width: 27; propodeum length: 12; fore wing length: 110, width: 46; M: 19; S: 10; P: 18. Metasoma ovate-acuminate, about as long as head plus mesosoma (Fig. 43), dorsally mostly reticulate-imbricate (alveolae wider than long) except for gt 1 which is mainly smooth (cf. Fig. 19). Posterior margin of gt 1 sinuous, not incised (Fig. 44, cf. Fig. 19). Ovipositor sheaths short, hardly visible in dorsal view (Fig. 44). Relative measurements — metasomal length: 95, width: 48; gt 1 length: 19; gt 7 length: 7, width: 17. MALE (allotype). Differs from the female holotype mainly as follows. Body length: 2.5 mm. Metasoma brown except extensively whitish in proximal 1 / 2 (dorsally) or 2 / 3 (ventrally); extreme base of gt 1 brownish (Fig. 49). Scape (except base) and pedicel usually dark brown to black, mostly with conspicuous metallic reflections; base of pedicel yellowish (Fig. 50); flagellum dark brown (Fig. 49). Toruli much closer to median ocellus than to clypeal margin (Fig. 50). Scape usually exceeding level of vertex by less than half scape length; funicular segments widened both proximally and distally, mostly with two whorls of long whitish setae each, and separated from each other by long tubular connections; setae on funicular segments emerging at a slightly acute angle to segment (Fig. 49); length of pedicel plus flagellum about 1.7 × head width. Metasoma oval, length about 1.9 × width, slightly shorter than head plus mesosoma and narrower than mesosoma (Fig. 49). Variation. FEMALES. Body length: 2.50 – 3.75 mm. Body colour dark, from olive-green to bluish-black; antennal fu 6 occasionally not dark; the intensity of leg colour varies from pale yellow, almost whitish, to dark yellow, while the dark parts range from light brown to dark brown; venation varies from light brown to whitish, with at least stigmal vein usually pale. Head width about 2.0 – 2.3 × length. POL about 1.7 – 2.1 × OOL. Combined length of pedicel and flagellum equal to very slightly greater than head width; second anellus slightly to conspicuously transverse; clava length 2.4 – 2.8 × width. Marginal vein about 1.6 – 2.0 × as long as stigmal vein. Metasoma about 1.8 – 2.3 × as long as wide. The specimens from Namibia have the head and mesosoma mainly dark blue and the scape uniformly reddish-yellow. MALES. Body length: 1.90 – 2.75 mm. Length of pedicel plus flagellum about 1.6 – 1.8 × head width. Metasomal length about 1.7 – 2.7 × width; dorsal pale spot occupying from slightly less to slightly more than half length of metasoma, occasionally being less distinct.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFC73557FF1FFA5DFB02F86A.taxon	discussion	Comments. Both sexes of N. caloramans are similar to those of N. africanus, being separated mainly by the characters given in the key. Several specimens are excluded from the type material: one female from Namibia, which has the head upturned and both antennae broken; one female from South Africa, which has the head glued dorsally on card; one female from South Africa, with head width only about 1.8 × length.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFC73557FF1FFA5DFB02F86A.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name is derived from the Latin words calor, heat, and amans, loving, with reference to the distribution of the species in dry areas of southern Africa.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFC73557FF1FFA5DFB02F86A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Bostwana, Kenya, Madagascar, Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe (Map 3).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFC73557FF1FFA5DFB02F86A.taxon	biology_ecology	Hosts. Unknown. One female was collected on Eragrostis spinosa (L. f.) Trin. (Poaceae), while five others were swept on Tribulus sp. and T. terrestris (Zygophyllaceae); both plants thrive in arid habitats.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFFB3552FF1FF9E8FDA4FAEC.taxon	description	(Figs 51 – 56)	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFFB3552FF1FF9E8FDA4FAEC.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. BOTH SEXES. Head with distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus (Figs 53, 56). Clypeal margin slightly produced (Fig. 53).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFFB3552FF1FF9E8FDA4FAEC.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype ♀ (MRAC). D. R. CONGO: “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss. H. De Saeger, II / gc / 7, 14 - viii- 52, H. De Saeger. 3940 ” [fu 5 – 6 and clava missing from both antennae; on triangular card]. Allotype ♂. D. R. CONGO: “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss. H. De Saeger, II / ge / 7, 16 - ix- 1952, H. De Saeger. 4057 ” (MRAC). Additional paratypes. D. R. CONGO: 1 ♀ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss. H. De Saeger, II / f / 17, 20 - i- 1951, Réc. H. De Saeger. 1144 ” (MRAC). SOUTH AFRICA: 1 ♀ “ S. Africa. R. E. Turner. Brit. Mus. 1923 - 286. ”, “ Port St. John, Pondoland. April 5 – 30.1923. ” (BMNH).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFFB3552FF1FF9E8FDA4FAEC.taxon	description	Description. FEMALE (holotype). Colour. Head and mesosoma black, with very faint bluish metallic reflections mainly on mesosoma (Figs 51 – 53); metasoma including ovipositor sheaths dark brown (Figs 51, 52). Body pilosity short whitish (Figs 52, 53). Eyes and ocelli brown (Figs 52, 53). Mandibles light brown, teeth darker (Fig. 53). Antenna (Fig. 54) with scape, pedicel and anelli light brown, rest of flagellum dark brown. Wings hyaline, tegulae and venation light brown (Fig. 55). Legs (Fig. 51) with coxae as mesosoma; trochanters brown; femora except extremities brown with some metallic reflections; extremities yellow, the distal ones more extensively so; tibiae entirely yellow; tarsi yellow, except the last segment and claws, which are light brown; arolia dark brown. Body length. 2.75 mm. Head with distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus (Figs 53, 56), reticulated except lower face, reticulation denser on vertex; lower face striated only on clypeal region (Figs 52, 53). Clypeal margin slightly produced (Fig. 53). Eye ovate, anterior and posterior margins not sinuous (Fig. 51). Gena with a weak lamina near mouth corner. Scrobes virtually absent. Toruli with lower margins well above lower margins of eyes (Fig. 53). Antenna (cf. Fig. 54) with scape well exceeding vertex; first anellus transverse, the second quadrate, twice as long as the first; funicular segments longer than wide. Relative measurements — head length: 26, width: 49.5, height: 44; POL: 12; OOL: 11; eye height: 21, length: 15; IOD: 37.5; eye length dorsally: 15; temple length dorsally: 3.5; malar space: 16; mouth width: 22; distance between clypeal margin and toruli: 23; scape length: 25; pedicel length: 5.5, width: 3; fu 1 length: 8.5, width: 2.5. Mesosoma dorsally coarsely reticulate (Fig. 52). Notauli hardly visible except near pronotal collar (Fig. 52). Scutellum moderately convex (Fig. 51), frenal area not delimited, but frenal area with finer reticulation than rest of scutellum and covered with rows of longer white pilosity. Upper mesepimeron smooth (Fig. 51). Metapleuron and dorsellum uniformly reticulate. Propodeum inclined (fig. 51), uniformly reticulate except two small depressions near its anterior margin submedially; spiracles oval, spiracular sulci absent (cf. Fig. 11). Fore wing (cf. Fig. 55) with basal cell and basal fold glabrous; costal cell with two irregular rows of pilosity on ventral surface; speculum extending behind marginal vein and reaching stigmal vein, but effaced by pilosity on ventral surface of wing; disc covered with sparse pilosity, area between stigmal vein and postmarginal vein mostly bare; wing pilosity including marginal fringe short; stigma clearly capitate. Relative measurements — mesosomal length: 51, width: 37, height: 37; mesoscutum length: 20; scutellum length: 18, width: 20; fore wing length: 105, width: 42; M: 22; S: 10; P: 15. Metasoma ovate acuminate, slightly shorter than combined length of head and mesosoma (Figs 51, 52), dorsally mostly reticulate-imbricate (alveolae wider than long) except for gt 1 which is mainly smooth (cf. Fig. 19). Posterior margin of gt 1 straight (Fig. 52). Ovipositor sheaths short, not visible in dorsal view (Fig. 52). Relative measurements — metasomal length: 75, width: 37; gt 1 length: 15; gt 7 length: 6, width: 11. MALE (allotype). Differs from the female holotype mainly as follows. Body length: 2.5 mm. Metasoma brown except extensively whitish dorsally and ventrally in proximal half; base of gt 1 brown. Toruli much closer to median ocellus than to clypeal margin (Fig. 56). Scape exceeding level of vertex by less than half scape length; both anelli transverse; funicular segments widened both proximally and distally, mostly with two whorls of long whitish setae each, and separated from each other by long tubular connections; setae on funicular segments emerging at an almost right angle to segment (Fig. 56). Metasoma oval, length about 2.2 × width, shorter than head plus mesosoma and narrower than mesosoma (Fig. 56). Variation. FEMALES. Body length 2.5 – 3.0 mm. Metasoma sometimes equal to combined length of head and mesosoma. In the South African female, antenna is lighter, the scape being yellowish and the flagellum light brown.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFFB3552FF1FF9E8FDA4FAEC.taxon	discussion	Comments. This is the most unusual species of Norbanus due to the head projections and slightly produced clypeal margin, features that are present in both sexes and are unique among the presently known species of the genus. Unfortunately, both the holotype, allotype and one of the female paratypes lack the distal parts of both antennae. However, these are present in the female paratype from South Africa and are described below: antennal fu 5, fu 6 and clava light brown; both fu 5 and fu 6 longer than wide; fu 6 length about 1.5 × width; clava length about twice width, in lateral view gradually narrowing before spicula. This female was not designated as the holotype because the head is glued on vertex and the most distinctive character of this species is hardly visible in this specimen.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFFB3552FF1FF9E8FDA4FAEC.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From the Latin word draco, dragon, referring to the conspicuous head projections.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFFB3552FF1FF9E8FDA4FAEC.taxon	distribution	Distribution. D. R. Congo, South Africa (Map 4).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFFB3552FF1FF9E8FDA4FAEC.taxon	biology_ecology	Hosts. Unknown. MAP 4. Distribution of N. draco and N. erebus	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFFD3551FF1FFA69FE5CFBCA.taxon	description	(Figs 57 – 62)	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFFD3551FF1FFA69FE5CFBCA.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. BOTH SEXES. Head and mesosoma black, with some dark bronze reflections on vertex and most of mesosoma, and some bluish reflections on face and propodeum (Figs 57 – 59); hind femur orange (Fig. 57). Head without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus (Fig. 59). POL about 1.7 – 2.0 × OOL. Temple about 0.2 – 0.4 × eye length in dorsal view. Eye height about 1.2 – 1.3 × length, anterior and posterior margins not sinuous (Fig. 57). Clypeal margin virtually straight (Fig. 59). Mesoscutum width about 1.8 – 2.1 × length. Scutellum moderately convex, not globose (Figs 57, 62). Propodeum slightly inclined (Figs 57, 62), spiracular sulci absent (cf. Fig. 11). Fore wing length at most about 2.5 × width; marginal vein about 2.0 – 2.2 × as long as stigmal vein; speculum moderate, extending to stigmal vein, but narrow beyond middle of marginal vein (Fig. 61). FEMALE. Metasoma dark reddish-brown (Figs 57, 58); flagellum uniformly yellow to light brown (Fig. 60). Toruli distinctly above lower margins of eyes (Fig. 59). Scape exceeding level of vertex (Fig. 59); second anellus transverse; clava slightly wider than fu 6 (Fig. 60). Metasoma about as long as head plus mesosoma (Fig. 57). Posterior margin of gt 1 virtually straight (Fig. 58). MALE. Head and mesosoma dorsally bluish-black with violet reflections except green to golden-green propodeum; scape and pedicel usually brownish-yellow, without metallic reflections and hence contrasting with the darker flagellum (Fig. 62). Scape exceeding level of vertex by less than half scape length; funicular segments widened both proximally and distally, mostly with two whorls of long setae each, and separated from each other by long tubular connections; setae on funicular segments emerging at an acute angle to segment (Fig. 62); length of pedicel plus flagellum about 1.8 – 1.9 × head width. Mesoscutum width about 1.8 – 2.1 × length. Upper mesepimeron smooth. Sculpture of propodeum somewhat less coarse than that of scutellum, hence propodeum appearing lighter in colour. Marginal fringe on apical margin present and not unusually short (cf. Fig. 68).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFFD3551FF1FFA69FE5CFBCA.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype ♀ (BMNH). ZIMBABWE: “ RHODESIA: Salisbury, Chishawasha, IV. 1978, A. Watsham ” [CPD, on rectangular card]. Allotype ♂. ZIMBABWE: “ RHODESIA: Chishawasha, iii. 1979, A. Watsham ” (BMNH). Additional paratypes. ZIMBABWE: 7 ♀ and 4 ♂ same information as holotype (BMNH); 1 ♂ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, Chishawasha, iii. 1978, A. Watsham (BMNH); 22 ♀ and 18 ♂ “ RHODESIA: Chishawasha, iii. 1979, A. Watsham ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ ZIMBABWE: Harare, Chishawasha, V. 1981, A. Watsham ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ ZIMBABWE: Salisbury, vii. 1978, A. Watsham ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ “ ZIMBABWE: Chishawasha, nr. Salisbury, viii. 1978, A. Watsham ” (BMNH); 35 ♀ and 7 ♂ “ ZIMBABWE: Salisbury, iv. 1979, A. Watsham ” (BMNH); 11 ♀ and 8 ♂ “ RHODESIA: Salisbury, v. 1978, A. Watsham ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ ZIMBABWE, Salisbury, x. 81, A. Watsham ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ ZIMBABWE, Chishawasha, vi. 1980, A. Watsham, Malaise Trap ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ ZIMBABWE, Salisbury, Chishawasha, vi. 1980, A. Watsham ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ “ ZIMBABWE: Salisbury, V. 1979, A. Watsham ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ RHODESIA, Makumbi Miss., A. Watsham. iv- 75 ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, A. Watsham / WF. 138, (iii) 75 ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, A. Watsham / WF. 168, (v) 75 ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, A. Watsham / WF. 146, iv. 75 ” (BMNH); 1 ♂ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, A. Watsham / WF. 143, iv. 75 ” (BMNH); 1 ♂ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, Chishawasha, i. 1980, A. Watsham ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, A. Watsham / WF. 161, v. 75 ” (BMNH); 2 ♂ “ ZIMBABWE: Salisbury, II. 1979, A. Watsham (BMNH); 1 ♂ “ RHODESIA, Makumbi M., (V) 74, A. Watsham (BMNH); 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ “ ZIMBABWE: Salisbury, iv. 1979, A. Watsham ” (MICO). SOUTH AFRICA: 1 ♀ “ SOUTH AFRICA: Transvaal, Kruger Nat. Park, 16 – 18. XII. 1985, PT, M. Sanborne ” (CNC); 1 ♀ “ SOUTH AFRICA, TVL., Kruger Nat. Park, Skukuza, 24.59 S 31.35 E. 292 m., 14 – 15. i. 1985. G. L. Prinsloo ”, “ NATIONAL COLL. OF INSECTS (SANC), Pretoria, South Africa ” (SANC); 1 ♂ “ SOUTH AFRICA, Pongola Riv., A. Watsham: i: 74 (BMNH).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFFD3551FF1FFA69FE5CFBCA.taxon	description	Description. FEMALE (holotype). Colour. Dorsal surface of head and mesosoma except propodeum blackish, with some dark bronze reflections on vertex and most of mesosoma; propodeum with more distinct metallic reflections, mostly bluish (Figs 57, 58). Face bluish (cf. Fig. 59). Metasoma reddish-brown, getting slightly darker towards posterior end (Figs 57, 58). Body pilosity short whitish (Figs 58, cf. Fig. 59). Eyes pale reddish, ocelli whitish (cf. Fig. 59). Mandibles reddish-brown, teeth dark brown. Antenna (Fig. 60) with scape yellow, pedicel and flagellum light brown. Wings hyaline, tegulae and venation light brown, pilosity whitish (Fig. 61). Legs (Fig. 57) with fore and mid coxae brown, paler ventrally; hind coxa as mesosoma; trochanters yellow; fore femur extensively brownish, mid and hind femora mostly orange, paler distally; all tibiae and tarsi whitish, arolia and claws light brown. Body length. 2.1 mm. Head without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus, reticulate except lower face finely striated, striation almost reaching toruli (cf. Fig. 59). Clypeal margin virtually straight (cf. Fig. 59). Eye ovate, anterior and posterior margins not sinuous (Fig. 57). Gena with a weak lamina near mouth corner. Scrobes virtually absent. Toruli with lower margins conspicuously above lower margins of eyes (cf. Fig. 59). Antenna (Fig. 60) with scape reaching above vertex (cf. Fig. 59); both anelli transverse, the second longer than the first; funicular segments longer than wide; clava ventrally gradually narrowing before spicula, sutures hardly visible, oblique; micropilosity area occupying less than 1 / 3 length of claval body. Relative measurements — head length: 21, width: 43, height: 34; POL: 11; OOL: 6.5; eye height: 19, length: 16; IOD: 28; eye length dorsally: 15; temple length dorsally: 3; malar space: 12; mouth width: 20; distance between clypeal margin and toruli: 15; scape length: 20; pedicel length: 5.5, width: 3; pedicel plus flagellum: 46; fu 1 length: 5, width: 2; fu 6 length: 5, width: 3; clava length: 11.5, width: 4. Mesosoma dorsally coarsely reticulate (Fig. 58). Notauli hardly visible, reaching beyond middle of mesoscutum (Fig. 58). Scutellum moderately convex (Fig. 57), frenal line absent, but frenal area with finer reticulation than rest of scutellum. Upper mesepimeron smooth. Metapleuron and dorsellum uniformly reticulate. Propodeum inclined (Fig. 57), uniformly reticulate, reticulation less coarse than that on the scutellum; two small depressions present near anterior margin of propodeum, submedially; spiracles oval, spiracular sulci absent (cf. Fig. 11). Fore wing (cf. Fig. 61) with basal cell and basal fold glabrous; costal cell with several rows of setae on ventral surface; speculum extending to stigmal vein, but narrow beyond middle of marginal vein; wing pilosity including marginal fringe short; stigma hardly capitate. Relative measurements — mesosomal length: 46, width: 32, height: 30; mesoscutum length: 18; scutellum length: 17, width: 19; propodeum length: 8; fore wing length: 90, width: 36; M: 18; S: 9; P: 15. Metasoma ovate, mostly with parallel margins, about as long as head plus mesosoma (Fig. 57), dorsally mostly reticulate-imbricate (alveolae wider than long) except for gt 1 which is mainly smooth (cf. Fig. 19). Posterior margin of gt 1 straight, not incised (Fig. 58). Ovipositor sheaths short, hardly visible in dorsal view (Fig. 58). Relative measurements — metasomal length: 60, width: 31; gt 1 length: 12; gt 7 length: 5.5, width: 12. MALE (allotype). Differs from the female holotype mainly as follows. Body length: 1.9 mm. Body colour generally lighter (Fig. 62): head and mesosoma except green to golden-green propodeum dorsally bluish-black, with some violet reflections mainly on occiput, scutellum and axillae; propodeum. Metasoma brown except extensively whitish dorsally and ventrally in proximal 2 / 3; base of gt 1 brownish (Fig. 62). Scape and pedicel brownish-yellow, without metallic reflections and contrasting with the darker brown flagellum (Fig. 62). Toruli much closer to median ocellus than to clypeal margin (Fig. 62). Scape exceeding level of vertex by less than half scape length; funicular segments widened both proximally and distally, mostly with two whorls of long setae each, and separated from each other by long tubular connections; setae on funicular segments emerging at an acute angle to segment (Fig. 62); length of pedicel plus flagellum about 1.8 × head width. Metasoma oval, length about 2.2 × width, shorter than head plus mesosoma and narrower than mesosoma (Fig. 62). Variation. FEMALES. Body length: 1.8 – 2.5 mm. Pedicel and flagellum from yellow to brown; clava rarely slightly darker than funicle; ocelli from whitish to reddish; venation from yellow to brown; metasoma from reddish-brown to blackish, with more or less distinct metallic reflections, but usually at least slightly reddish at base; one female from Zimbabwe has the hind femora dark brown. POL about 1.7 – 2.0 × OOL. Mesoscutum width about 1.8 – 2.1 × length. Marginal vein about 2.0 – 2.2 × as long as stigmal vein. In normally dried specimens metasoma dorsally collapses and appears slightly wider than usual. Lateral margins of metasoma sometimes not parallel. MALES. Body length: 1.75 – 2.50 mm. Flagellum light brown to dark brown; whitish spot on metasoma occupying from about 1 / 2 to about 2 / 3 length of metasoma; dark part of metasoma brownish to blackish, in the latter case with some distinct blue-green metallic reflections. Metasoma oval, length about 1.8 – 2.2 × width.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFFD3551FF1FFA69FE5CFBCA.taxon	discussion	Comments. The females of N. erebus can be quite easily separated from females of similar species mainly by the dark body colour, the orange hind femora and other characters given in the key, such as the position of toruli, the shape of clypeus and posterior margin of gt 1. The males of N. erebus can be separated from males of N. awi mainly by the body colour, shorter scape and different inclination of setae on funicular segments. One female is excluded from the type series because it has yellow metasoma and hind tibia wider than usual, length about 4 × width (length about 4.5 – 5.3 × width in type specimens).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFFD3551FF1FFA69FE5CFBCA.taxon	etymology	Etymology. In Greek mythology Erebus is the god of darkness, an indication of the general body colour.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFFD3551FF1FFA69FE5CFBCA.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Zimbabwe, South Africa (Map 4).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFFD3551FF1FFA69FE5CFBCA.taxon	biology_ecology	Hosts. Unknown.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFFE355CFF1FFB09FD6AF919.taxon	description	(Figs 63 – 70)	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFFE355CFF1FFB09FD6AF919.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. BOTH SEXES. Head and mesosoma mostly black (Figs 63 – 66, 70); hind tibia medially dark (Fig. 63, 70). Head without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus (Fig. 65). Clypeal margin very slightly emarginate (Fig. 65). Temple short, about 0.1 – 0.2 × as long as eye in dorsal view, posteriorly round and strongly convergent (Fig. 66). Scutellum moderately convex, not globose (Figs 63, 70). Upper mesepimeron smooth. Propodeum inclined (Figs 63, 70), spiracular sulci absent (cf. Fig. 11). Speculum reaching proximal part of marginal vein, but effaced on ventral surface of the wing by several rows of admarginal setae (Fig. 68). FEMALE. Metasoma dark brown to black (Figs 63, 64); fu 5 – 6 and clava dark (Fig. 67). Scape reaching almost level of vertex (Fig. 65); second anellus transverse; fu 1 wider than pedicel; clava, including spicula, length about 3 × width, slightly wider than fu 6 and gradually narrowing towards spicula; micropilosity area occupying almost half length of claval body (Fig. 67). Fore wing disc pilosity dense (Fig. 68). Posterior margin of gt 1 not incised, slightly sinuous. Gastral tergites reticulate, alveolae mostly isodiametric (Fig. 69). MALE. Funicular segments widened both proximally and distally, mostly with two whorls of long setae each, and separated from each other by long tubular connections; setae on funicular segments longer than length of segments; claval segments compact (Fig. 70).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFFE355CFF1FFB09FD6AF919.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype ♀ (RMNH). BENIN: “ BENIN Calavi, Ferme F. S. A. U. N. B., 24. I – 6. II. 2001, Piège malaise, Leg. Y. Jongema ” [on rectangular card]. Allotype ♂. D. R. CONGO: “ Congo belge: Kivu, Nyongera (près Rutshuru), 1218 m. (Butumba) 18 - vii- 1935, G. F. de Witte: 1663 ” (MRAC). Additional paratypes. CAMEROON: 1 ♀ “ CAMEROON: Nkoemuon, 13. vii – 24. viii. 1980, D. Jackson ” (MICO). D. R. CONGO: 1 ♀ “ Congo belge P. N. A., Entre Kalinga-Bitshumbi, 1082 m- 925 m, 12 - xi- 1934, G. F. de Witte. 741 ” (MRAC). SOUTH AFRICA: 2 ♀ “ S. Africa, R. E. Turner. Brit. Mus. 1924 - 289. ”, “ Port St. John, Pondoland. May. 1924 ” (BMNH); 1 ♀, “ S. Africa, R. E. Turner. Brit. Mus. 1923 - 286. ”, “ Port St. John, Pondoland. April 5 – 30. 1923 ” (BMNH). Other material. 1 ♀, “ S. Africa, R. E. Turner. Brit. Mus. 1923 - 332. ”, “ Port St. John, Pondoland. May 15 – 31. 1923 ” (BMNH).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFFE355CFF1FFB09FD6AF919.taxon	description	Description. FEMALE (holotype). Colour. Head and mesosoma black, with slight golden reflections (Figs 63 – 66). Metasoma black (Figs 63, 64, 69). Body pilosity short whitish (Figs 65, 66). Eyes pale red, ocelli reddish-brown (Figs 65, 66). Mandibles reddish-brown, teeth darker (Fig. 65). Antenna (Fig. 67) with scape except base, pedicel and anelli reddish-brown; fu 1 – 4 brown, lighter ventrally, fu 5 – 6 and clava brownish-black; base of scape pale. Wings hyaline, tegulae and venation brown (Fig. 68). Legs (Fig. 63) with coxae as mesosoma; trochanters light brown; fore and mid femora mainly brown, lighter distally, hind femur mainly dark brown, lighter at both ends; fore tibia light brown except yellowish kickface; mid and hind tibiae whitish, extensively brown in the middle; tarsi mainly light brown, claws and arolia brown. Body length. 4.5 mm. Head without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus, finely reticulate except lower face extensively and finely striated, striation not reaching toruli (Figs 65, 66). Clypeal margin very shallowly emarginate (Fig. 65). Temple very short, barely defined (Fig. 66). Eye ovate, anterior and posterior margins not sinuous (Fig. 63). Gena with distinct lamina near mouth corner. Scrobes short and shallow, only slightly visible in dorsal view of the head (Fig. 66). Toruli with lower margins slightly above lower margins of eyes (Fig. 65). Antenna (Fig. 67) with scape reaching upper edge of median ocellus (Fig. 65); both anelli transverse, the second slightly longer than the first; funicular segments longer than wide; clava ventrally gradually narrowing before spicula, sutures hardly visible, oblique; micropilosity area occupying almost half length of claval body. Relative measurements — head length: 26, width: 60, height: 46; POL: 10; OOL: 8.5; eye height: 28.5, length: 19; IOD: 35; eye length dorsally: 18; temple length dorsally: 3; malar space: 16; distance between clypeal margin and toruli: 19; scape length: 26; pedicel length: 4.5, width: 2.5; pedicel plus flagellum: 55; fu 1 length: 8, width: 3; fu 6 length: 5, width: 3.5; clava length: 12, width: 4. Mesosoma dorsally reticulate (Fig. 64). Notauli traceable beyond half the length of mesoscutum (Fig. 64). Scutellum moderately convex (Figs 63, 70), frenal line absent, but frenal area with finer reticulation than rest of scutellum. Upper mesepimeron smooth. Metapleuron and dorsellum uniformly reticulate. Propodeum inclined (Figs 63, 70), uniformly reticulate except two small depressions near its anterior margin submedially; spiracles oval, spiracular sulci absent (cf. Fig. 11). Fore wing (Fig. 68) with basal cell and basal fold glabrous; costal cell with one continuous row of pilosity on ventral surface, accompanied by a few scattered setae distally; speculum reaching proximal part of marginal vein, but effaced on ventral surface of the wing by several rows of admarginal setae; disc pilosity dense, area between stigmal vein and postmarginal vein mostly pilose; wing pilosity including marginal fringe short; stigma clearly capitate. Relative measurements — mesosomal length: 60, width: 44.5, height: 42; mesoscutum length: 21; scutellum length: 21, width: 25; propodeum length: 11; fore wing length: 110, width: 40; M: 24; S: 9.5; P: 20. Metasoma ovate-acuminate, about as long as head plus mesosoma (Fig. 63), dorsally finely reticulate (alveolae more or less isodiametric) except for gt 1 which is mainly smooth (Fig. 69). Posterior margin of gt 1 slightly sinuous (cf. Fig. 19). Ovipositor sheaths slightly visible in dorsal view (Fig. 64). Relative measurements — metasomal length: 86, width: 50; gt 1 length: 13; gt 7 length: 7, width: 15. MALE (allotype). Differs from the female holotype mainly as follows. Body length: 2.25 mm. Metasoma brownish except extensively pale yellow dorsally and ventrally in proximal 2 / 3; extreme base of gt 1 brownish (Fig. 70); flagellum entirely dark brown, except tip of clava, which is lighter (Fig. 70). Toruli much closer to median ocellus than to clypeal margin (Fig. 70). Scape exceeding level of vertex by about half scape length; funicular segments widened both proximally and distally, mostly with two whorls of long setae each, and separated from each other by long tubular connections; setae on funicular segments emerging at a slightly acute angle to segment, longer than length of segments (Fig. 70); length of pedicel plus flagellum about 1.8 × head width; claval segments compact. Fore wing disc pilosity less dense. Metasoma elongate, length about 2.8 × width, shorter than head plus mesosoma and narrower than mesosoma (Fig. 70). Variation. FEMALES. Body length: 3.0 – 4.5 mm. Fu 5 rarely not darker than fu 1 – 4 (one female from South Africa); colour of fu 1 – 4 from light brown to dark brown, but at least ventrally usually slightly lighter than fu 5 – 6 and clava. Fu 1 length about 2.3 – 2.5 × width. Marginal vein about 2.3 – 2.7 × as long as stigmal vein. Metasoma length about 1.7 – 2.1 × width.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFFE355CFF1FFB09FD6AF919.taxon	discussion	Comments. This new species is very close to N. brevicephalus from which it differs mainly in the characters given in the diagnosis and key. These two species are also somewhat similar to N. garouae, but they both differ from the latter mainly in the shorter temples and larger speculum. One female from South Africa is excluded from the type series because it lacks both antennae.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFFE355CFF1FFB09FD6AF919.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name refers to the reduced temples.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFFE355CFF1FFB09FD6AF919.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Benin, Cameroon, D. R. Congo, South Africa (Map 5).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFFE355CFF1FFB09FD6AF919.taxon	biology_ecology	Hosts. Unknown. MAP 5. Distribution of N. foritempus and N. garouae	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFF33559FF1FF937FC7DFDAF.taxon	description	(Figs 71 – 82)	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFF33559FF1FF937FC7DFDAF.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. BOTH SEXES. Head and mesosoma black, at most with faint bluish and golden reflections (Figs 71 – 73, 76 – 80); hind tibia mainly brownish-black, only extremities yellowish (Figs 71, 76, 77). Head without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus (Figs 73, 79). Eye height about 1.5 – 1.8 × length of malar space; POL slightly longer than OOL. Temple about 0.2 – 0.3 × as long as eye in dorsal view. Clypeal margin slightly emarginate (Fig. 73). Mesosoma moderately arched dorsally (Figs 71, 76, 77), length about 1.3 – 1.4 × width, width about equal to height. Scutellum moderately convex, not globose (Figs 71, 76, 77). Propodeum inclined (Figs 71, 76, 77); spiracular sulci absent (Fig. 72, cf. Fig. 11). Fore wing length about 2.5 × width; speculum very small, not extending beyond distal end of submarginal vein, although in small specimens pilosity tending to be less dense behind proximal part of marginal vein (Fig. 75). FEMALE. Metasoma brown to black, usually basally paler on ventral surface (Figs 71, 72); flagellum except tip of clava reddish-brown to dark brown, in the first case with fu 5 – 6 and clava darker (Fig. 74). Body length: 3.00 – 5.75 mm. Antenna filiform, clava not wider than distal funicular segments, spicula short (Fig. 74); scape reaching or slightly exceeding level of vertex (Fig. 73); second anellus slightly transverse (Fig. 74). Fore wing disc densely pilose (Fig. 75). Metasoma slightly longer than head plus mesosoma, length about 2.1 – 2.4 × width (Figs 71, 72). Posterior margin of gt 1 slightly sinuous (Fig. 72). MALE. Scape usually brown, exceeding level of vertex by slightly less than one quarter scape length (Fig. 79); each funicular segment mostly of uniform width, long and thin, uniformly covered by short dense setae; funicular segments separated from each other by very short tubular connections (Figs 76, 77, 79, 81); pedicel plus flagellum about 1.7 – 2.2 × head width; proximal funicular segments usually not or only slightly widened distally (Figs 76, 77, 79, 81).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFF33559FF1FF937FC7DFDAF.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. (?) Syntype ♂ (MNHN). (?) CAMEROON: “ Museum Paris, remounted from slide 8, box 5 (Orstom), lab. M. - D. Mitroiu 2011 ”, “ Bruchobius garouae Risbec ♂ ” [on rectangular card, metasoma missing]. Other material. D. R. CONGO: 1 ♀ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, II / fd / 17, 14 - xii- 1951, Réc. H. De Saeger. 2910 ” (MRAC); 2 ♀ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, II / gc / 11, 13 - xi- 1951, Réc. H. De Saeger. 2757 ” (MRAC); 1 ♀ and 7 ♂ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss. H. De Saeger, Pp. K / 55 / d / 8, 19 - xi- 1951, Réc. H. De Saeger. 2768 ” (MRAC); 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss. H. De Saeger, II / gc / 8, 14 - vii- 1952, Réc. H. De Saeger. 3778 ” (MRAC); 1 ♀ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss. H. De Saeger, II / gc / 7, 14 - viii- 52, H. De Saeger. 3940 ” (MRAC); 2 ♂ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss. H. De Saeger, II / gd / 8, 12 - vii- 1951, Réc. H. De Saeger. 2061 ” (MRAC); 1 ♂ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss. H. De Saeger, PpK. 9 / g / 9, 10 - ix- 52, H. De Saeger. 4044 ” (MRAC); 2 ♂ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss. H. De Saeger, Aka, 20 - v- 1952, H. De Saeger. 3485 ” (MRAC); 1 ♂ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss. H. De Saeger, II / gd / 10, 26 - i- 1952, J. Verschuren. 3069 ” (MRAC); 1 ♂ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, II / id / 8, 17 - xi- 1951, H. De Saeger. 2765 ” (MRAC); 1 ♂ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, II / fd / 10, 20 - xii- 1951, Réc. H. De Saeger. 2935 ” (MRAC); 1 ♂ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, II / fd / 15, 24 - v- 1951, Réc. H. De Saeger. 1798 ” (MRAC); 1 ♂ “ Congo Belge: P. N. A., 7 – 15 - vii- 1955, P. Vanschuytbroeck, 13274 - 309 ” (MRAC); 1 ♂ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, Mabanga 9 ’’’, 19 - ii- 1952, H. De Saeger. 3134 ” (MRAC); 1 ♂ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, Napukumweli, 26 - viii- 1950, Réc. G. Demoulin. 789 ” (MRAC); 1 ♂ “ Congo Belge: P. N. A., Katanda, 950 m. 30 - xi- 1934, G. F. de Witte: 858 ” (MRAC); 1 ♂ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss. H. De Saeger, II / fd / 12, 10 - iii- 1952, H. De Saeger. 3178 ” (MRAC); 1 ♂ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, II / gd / 11, 24 - vi- 1952, H. De Saeger. 3701 ” (MRAC); 1 ♂ “ Congo belge: Kivu, 1285 m. 29 au 31 - v- 1935, G. F. de Witte: 1395 ” (MRAC); 2 ♂ “ Congo belge: Kivu Rutshuru, 1285 m. 29 / 31 - v- 1935, G. F. de Witte: 1396 ” (MRAC); 1 ♂ “ Congo belge: P. N. A., Rutshuru, 1285 m. 18 au 23. vi. 1934, G. F. de Witte: 448 ” (MRAC). GHANA: 1 ♀ “ Ghana East. R. Keta ”, “ ex Cynodon dact., 1.1.67, no 189, leg. Endrody-Younga ” (BMNH). IVORY COAST: 1 ♀ “ IVORY COAST, 3 km S Katiola, 26 - 12 - 1980, gall. forest, malaise trap, J. W. Everts c. s. / Kafu 3 ” (RMNH); 1 ♀ “ IVORY COAST, 3 km S Katiola, 11 - 1 - 1981, gall. forest, malaise trap, J. W. Everts c. s. / KaFU 4 ” (RMNH); 5 ♀ “ IVORY COAST, 3 km S Katiola, 23 - 1 - 1981, gall. forest, malaise trap, J. W. Everts c. s. / KaFU 4 ” (RMNH); 2 ♀ “ IVORY COAST, 3 km S Katiola, 13 - 2 - 1981, gall. forest, malaise trap, J. W. Everts c. s. / Kafu 1 ” (RMNH); 1 ♀ “ IVORY COAST, 8 km NW Bouaflé, 7 - 1 - 1981, malaise trap, J. W. Everts c. s. / CM 1 ” (RMNH); 1 ♀ “ Côte d’Ivoire, Adiopodoumé, 19. II. 1990, P. Albers ” (RMNH); 1 ♀ “ Côte d’Ivoire, 30 – 35 km. N. de Korghogo, 30. I. 1980 malaise, leg. J. W. Everts e. a. ” (RMNH); 1 ♀ “ Côte d’Ivoire, 30 – 35 km. N. de Korghogo, 31. I. 1980 malaise, leg. J. W. Everts e. a. ” (RMNH); 3 ♀ “ Côte d’Ivoire, Katiola-Forêt, 4. I. 1981 malaise, J. W. Everts c. s. ” (RMNH); 2 ♀ and 12 ♂ “ IVORY COAST: Lamto Ecol. Res. Stn, 6 ° 13 ’ N 5 ° 02 ’ W, 10 – 30. xi. 1988, JS Noyes ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ “ IVORY COAST: Lamto Ecol. Res. Stn, 6 ° 13 ’ N 5 ° 02 ’ W, 10 – 30. xi. 1988, JS Noyes ” (MICO); 1 ♀ “ COTE D’IVOIRE, LAMTO, 14.9.65 ”, Bio [?], 14.9.65 ”, “ Y. Gillon ” (MNHN); 2 ♂ “ IVORY COAST Logbonou 20 km E Katiola, 26 - 12 - 1980, savanna, malaise trap, J. W. Everts c. s. / KaS 2 ” (RMNH); 4 ♂ “ IVORY COAST Logbonou 20 km E Katiola, 4 - I- 1981, savanna, malaise trap, J. W. Everts c. s. / KaS 5 ” (RMNH); 6 ♂ “ IVORY COAST Logbonou 20 km E Katiola, 21 - 12 - 1980, savanna, malaise trap, J. W. Everts c. s. / KaS 2 ” (RMNH); 1 ♂ “ IVORY COAST, 3 km S Katiola, 13 - 2 - 1981, gall. forest, malaise trap, J. W. Everts c. s. / Kafu 1 ” (RMNH); 2 ♂ “ IVORY COAST, 3 km S Katiola, 10 - 4 - 1981, gall. forest, malaise trap, J. W. Everts c. s. / Kafu 4 ” (RMNH); 1 ♂ “ IVORY COAST, 3 km S Katiola, 23 - I- 1981, gall. forest, malaise trap, J. W. Everts c. s. / Kafu 4 ” (RMNH); 1 ♂ “ IVORY COAST, Congo Aboisso, 5 km E Bouaflé, malaise-trap, J. W. Everts c. s. / BM 2 ” (RMNH); 1 ♂ “ IVORY COAST Ranch Marahoué, 60 km NW Mankono, 12 - 12 - 1980, savanna, malaise-trap, J. W. Everts c. s. / M 4 S ” (RMNH); 3 ♂ “ Côte d’Ivoire, Katiola-Savanne, 4. I. 1981 malaise, leg. J. W. Everts c. s. ” (RMNH); 1 ♂ “ Côte d’Ivoire, Katiola-Savanne, 11. I. 1981 malaise, leg. J. W. Everts c. s. ” (RMNH); 1 ♂ “ Côte d’Ivoire, 30 – 35 km. N. de Korghogo, 30. I. 1980 malaise, leg. J. W. Everts e. a. ” (RMNH); 1 ♂ “ MUSEUM PARIS, LAMTO (Côte d’Ivoire), IX. 1970, Leg. D. LACHAISE ”, “ Savane claire à Loudetia, (matin) ds. mare temporaire asséchée ” (MNHN). MADAGASCAR: 1 ♀ “ Madagascar: Tuléar, Bereboka, 65 km N. E. Morondava, May 1983, J. S. Noyes, M. C. Day ” (BMNH). NAMIBIA: 1 ♀ “ S. W. Africa. Aus. Jan 1930. ”, “ R. E. Turner. Brit. Mus. 1930 - 117 ” (BMNH). SOUTH AFRICA: 1 ♀ “ SOUTH AFRICA, Lake Kosi, Ntl. i. 1978, G. L. Prinsloo ”, “ NATIONAL COLL OF INSECTS (SANC), Pretoria, South Africa ” (SANC); 1 ♂ “ SOUTH AFRICA: Transvaal, Graskop, 1500 m, 11 – 19. XII. 1985, W. R. M. Mason, MT ”, “ Norbanus det. R. A. Burks 2004 ” (CNC). TANZANIA: 1 ♀ “ Tanzania-Kilombero distr. Namawaie, 26 - XII- 1990, leg. J. D. Charlwood ” (RMNH). TOGO: 1 ♀ “ Toko, 25 à 50 km N. of Sokodé Bouzalo, river valley, malaise trap, 5 - 6 - 1984, leg. P. E. T. Douben ” (RMNH); 1 ♂ “ Togo, 25 à 50 km N. of Sokodé Samboa-boa river valley, malaise trap, 14 - 8 - 1984, leg. P. E. T. Douben ” (RMNH). ZIMBABWE: 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ “ ZIMBABWE Rekomitjie Res. Stat. malaise 16 10 ’ s. 29 25 ’ e. alt. 500 – 600 m. ”, “ C. A. Groenendijk, 13 / 5 – 26 / 5 1992 ” (RMNH); 1 ♀ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, A. Watsham / WF. 150, iv. 75 ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, A. Watsham / WF. 162, (vi) 75 ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ RHODESIA, Chimanimani Mts, A. Watsham, ix. 75 ” (BMNH); 1 ♀, “ Rhodesia, Salisbury, A. Watsham / WF. 134, (iii) 75 ”, “ Picrocytoides ” (BMNH); 1 ♂ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, ii. 1978, A. Watsham ” (BMNH); 1 ♂ “ ZIMBABWE, Chishawasha, March 1980, Watsham, Y. P. T. ” (BMNH); 1 ♂ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, A. Watsham / WF. 148, iv. 75 ”, “ R 609 ” (BMNH); 1 ♂ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, A. Watsham / WFU 42, (v) 74 ” (BMNH).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFF33559FF1FF937FC7DFDAF.taxon	description	Redescription. FEMALE. Colour. Head and mesosoma black, usually with slight bluish or golden metallic reflections (Figs 71 – 73). Metasoma brown to black, usually basally paler on ventral surface (Figs 71, 72). Body pilosity short whitish (Fig. 73). Eyes dark brown, ocelli light brown (Fig. 73). Mandibles light brown, teeth reddish-brown (Fig. 73). Antenna (Fig. 74) with scape brown with whitish base; pedicel brown; flagellum except lighter tip of clava reddish-brown to dark brown, in the first case with fu 5 – 6 and clava darker than rest of funicular segments. Wings hyaline, tegulae, venation and pilosity brown (Fig. 75). Legs (Fig. 71, 72) with coxae as mesosoma; trochanters and femora brown; fore tibia brown with pale yellow knee and a narrow barely distinct light brown strip on kickface; mid and hind tibiae brown with yellow extremities; fore tarsi light brown, mid and hind tarsi yellow, last segment light brown; arolia and claws dark brown. Body length. 3.00 – 5.75 mm. Head without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus, reticulate except lower face extensively and finely striated, striation not reaching toruli (Figs 73, 79). Head width about 1.8 – 1.9 × length and about 1.2 × height. Clypeal margin shallowly emarginate (Fig. 73). Eye ovate, anterior and posterior margins not sinuous, height about 1.3 – 1.4 × length (Fig. 71). Gena with a weak lamina near mouth corner. Malar space about 0.6 × eye height. POL about 1.1 – 1.3 × as long as OOL. Temple about 0.3 × eye length in dorsal view. Scrobes from very well defined, clearly visible in dorsal view of the head in large specimens (cf. Fig. 79, 80), to mostly shallow in smaller specimens. Toruli with lower margins slightly above lower margins of eyes (Fig. 73). Antenna (Fig. 74) with scape reaching to or slightly exceeding level of vertex (Fig. 73), length about 0.8 × eye height; pedicel length about twice width; length of pedicel plus flagellum about 1.1 × head width; both anelli transverse, the second from slightly to clearly longer than the first; funicular segments longer than wide; fu 1 length about 3.1 – 3.7 × width; fu 6 length about 1.5 – 1.8 × width; clava not wider than fu 6, length about 2.7 – 3.0 × width, gradually narrowing before spicula, sutures hardly visible, oblique; spicula short, barely distinct; micropilosity area occupying almost half length of claval body. Mesosoma dorsally coarsely reticulate (Fig. 72), length about 1.3 – 1.4 × width, and width about equal to height. Mesoscutum width slightly less than twice length (Fig. 72). Notauli hardly visible, traceable to about middle of mesoscutum (Fig. 72). Scutellum moderately convex (Fig. 71), width about 1.2 × length, frenal line absent, but frenal area with finer reticulation than rest of scutellum. Upper mesepimeron smooth (cf. Fig. 77). Metapleuron and dorsellum uniformly reticulate. Propodeum inclined (Fig. 71), length about 0.6 × scutellum length, uniformly reticulate except two small depressions near its anterior margin submedially; spiracles oval, spiracular sulci absent (Fig. 72, cf. Fig. 11). Fore wing (Fig. 75) length about 2.5 × width; basal cell and basal fold glabrous; costal cell with several rows of pilosity on ventral surface; speculum very small, not extending beyond distal end of submarginal vein; disc covered with short and dense pilosity, area between stigmal vein and postmarginal vein pilose; marginal vein about 1.7 – 2.4 × as long as stigmal vein; postmarginal vein slightly shorter than marginal vein; stigma hardly capitate; wing pilosity including marginal fringe short. Metasoma acuminate, length about 2.1 – 2.4 × width, slightly longer than head plus mesosoma (Figs 71, 72), dorsally mostly reticulate-imbricate (alveolae wider than long) except for gt 1 which is mainly smooth (cf. Fig. 19). Posterior margin of gt 1 slightly sinuous (Fig. 72). Gt 1 length about 0.2 × metasoma length; gt 7 about as long as wide. Ovipositor sheaths short, not visible in dorsal view (Fig. 72). MALE. Differs from the female holotype mainly as follows. Body length: 2 – 5 mm. Metasoma extensively whitish-yellow in the proximal half (rarely) to 2 / 3 – 3 / 4 on both dorsal and ventral surfaces, except extreme base of gt 1, which is brownish; distal part brown (cf. Figs 121, 122). Flagellum brown to brownish-black, contrasting with the lighter scape and pedicel (Figs 76, 81). Toruli much closer to median ocellus than to clypeal margin (Figs 76, 77). Scape exceeding level of vertex by slightly less than one quarter scape length (Fig. 79); all funicular segment longer and thinner, not conspicuously widened proximally and distally, uniformly covered by short dense setae, and separated from each other by very short tubular connections (Figs 76, 77, 79, 81); pedicel plus flagellum about 1.7 – 2.2 × head width (flagellum usually tends to be longer in smaller specimens than in larger ones); proximal funicular segments in large specimens usually slightly conical; fu 1 length about 4.3 – 5.6 × width; clava not defined, distance between segments not shorter than distance between funicular segments (Fig. 81). Metasoma length about 1.8 – 2.1 × width (occasionally more when distorted), narrower and usually shorter than mesosoma (Fig. 76).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFF33559FF1FF937FC7DFDAF.taxon	discussion	Comments. Risbec’s description of Bruchobius garouae suggested that this species may belong to Norbanus. The type specimens were searched for in MNHN, without success. However, a male specimen mounted under a slide in the ORSTOM collection and labeled “ Bruchobius garouae ” in Risbec’s handwriting was found. The specimen, probably one of the syntypes, was remounted on a rectangular card to allow better examination (Figs 77 – 82). Both the original description and the characters of the male specimen (which agrees with the description) proved without any doubt that the species belongs to Norbanus. Both sexes of N. garouae are very similar to those of N. kitegaensis (Risbec), from which they can be differentiated using the characters given in the key. However, I hesitate to synonymize the two species, at least until a female from the original type material of N. garouae is examined.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFF33559FF1FF937FC7DFDAF.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Cameroon (Risbec, 1956); D. R. Congo, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Madagascar, Namibia, South Africa, Tanzania, Togo, Zimbabwe (new records) (Map 5).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFF33559FF1FF937FC7DFDAF.taxon	biology_ecology	Hosts. Several specimens have been reared from a single larva of Adelpherupa sp. (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) on rice (Risbec, 1956). One female from the examined material has been reared from Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. (Poaceae), also known to be attacked by several species of Crambidae.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFF63544FF1FFDAAFE5CF812.taxon	description	(Figs 83 – 92)	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFF63544FF1FFDAAFE5CF812.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. BOTH SEXES. Head and mesosoma black (Figs 83 – 85, 92); hind tibia yellow to conspicuously dark medially (Figs 84, 92). Head without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus (Fig. 85). Clypeal margin virtually straight (Fig. 85). Second anellus quadrate to longer than wide (Fig. 87). Scutellum very convex, globose (Fig. 83, 92). Anterior area of metapleuron with very shallow sculpture, shiny (Fig. 86). Spiracular sulci indicated at least by an oval depression posterior to each spiracle (Fig. 91). FEMALE. Metasoma dorsally at least partly reddish, with black margins (Figs 83, 84, 89, 90); antenna mostly brown, anelli and clava pale (Fig. 87). Posterior margin of gt 1 entire or slightly (Fig. 89) to conspicuously double-incised (Fig. 90). MALE. Scape slightly exceeding level of vertex; each funicular segment of uniform width, long and thin, not conspicuously widened proximally and distally, more or less uniformly covered by short dense setae, and separated from each other by short tubular connections (Fig. 92); pedicel plus flagellum about 1.5 – 1.7 × head width.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFF63544FF1FFDAAFE5CF812.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype ♀ (BMNH). GAMBIA: “ W. Afr. Gambia, Lamin, Abuko, 27 / I. 78. L. Huggert ” [on rectangular card]. Allotype ♂. ZIMBABWE: “ RHODESIA: Salisbury, A. Watsham / WF. 165 v. 75 ”, “ as R 19 ” (BMNH). Additional paratypes. CAMEROON: 1 ♀ “ Cameroon: Nkoemuon, VII. – VIII. 1979, D. Jackson. Mal. tr. ” (BMNH); D. R. CONGO: 3 ♀ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss. H. De Saeger, Pp. K / 55 / d / 8, 19 - xi- 1951, Réc. H. De Saeger. 2768 ” (MRAC); 1 ♀ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss. H. De Saeger, II / gd / 4, 6 - vii- 1951, Réc. H. De Saeger. 2050 ” (MRAC); 1 ♀ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss. H. De Saeger, II / gd / 11, 11 - iii- 1952, H. De Saeger. 3183 ” (MRAC); 1 ♀ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss. H. De Saeger, Mabanga, 29 - ix- 1952, H. De Saeger. 4103 ” (MRAC); 1 ♀ “ Congo Belge: P. N. A. 19 – 20 - vii- 1955, P. Vanschuytbroeck, 13.753 - 61 ”, “ Mont Hoyo grotte Yolohafiri, 1030 m ” (MRAC); 1 ♀ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, II / fd / 10, 20 - xii- 1951, Réc. H. De Saeger. 2935 ” (MRAC); 1 ♂ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, Napukumweli, 6 - ix- 1950, Réc. G. Demoulin. 806 ” (MRAC); 1 ♂ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss. H. De Saeger, II / fd / 12, 10 - iii- 1952, H. De Saeger. 3178 ” (MRAC). IVORY COAST: 1 ♀ “ Côte d’Ivoire, Katiola-Coton, 26. XII. 1980 malaise, leg. J. W. Everts c. s. ” (RMNH). SOUTH AFRICA: 1 ♀ “ S. Africa R. E. Turner. Brit. Mus. 1923 - 332 ”, “ Port St. John, Pondoland, May 15 – 31. 1923 ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ SOUTH AFRICA: Transvaal, Kruger Nat. Park, Satara 15 – 18. XII. 1985, S. & J. Peck (CNC); 1 ♀ “ SOUTH AFRICA, Langjan Prov. Nature Res., Tvl., i. 1980, G L Prinsloo ”, “ NATIONAL COLL OF INSECTS (SANC), Pretoria, South Africa ” (SANC); 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ “ SOUTH AFRICA, Hans Strijdom Dam Prov. Nat. Res. nr. Ellisras, Tvl, i. 1988, GL Prinsloo ” “ NATIONAL COLL OF INSECTS (SANC), Pretoria, South Africa ” (SANC); 1 ♀ “ SOUTH AFRICA, Lekgalameetse Nat. Res. nr. ”, “ Trichardsdal Tvl. Ii. 1989, G. L. Prinsloo ”, “ NATIONAL COLL OF INSECTS (SANC), Pretoria, South Africa ” (SANC); 1 ♀ “ SOUTH AFRICA KZN, Kuleni Farm E of Hluhluwe, 27.54 S 32.22 E, 14. ii. 1990 CD Eardley ”, “ NATIONAL COLL OF INSECTS (SANC), Pretoria, South Africa ” (SANC); 1 ♀ “ SOUTH AFRICA, NATAL, Fanies Island camp, St. Lucia, 28.10 S 32.25 E. 14 – 16. i. 1981. G. L. Prinsloo ” “ NATIONAL COLL OF INSECTS (SANC), Pretoria, South Africa ” (SANC); 1 ♂ “ S. Africa R. E. Turner. Brit. Mus. 1924 - 177. ”, “ Port St. John, Pondoland, 1 – 17. Mar. 1924 ” (BMNH); 2 ♂ “ S. Africa. R. E. Turner. Brit. Mus. 1923 - 286. ”, “ Port St. John, Pondoland. April 5 – 30.1923. ” (BMNH); 1 ♂ “ SOUTH AFRICA, Natal, Vernon Crookes Nat. Res., Umzinto, 30.17 S 30.37 E. 443 m. 25 – 26. iii. 1985. G. L. Prinsloo ”, “ NATIONAL COLL. OF INSECTS (SANC), Pretoria, South Africa ” (SANC). ZIMBABWE: 1 ♀ “ Rhodesia, Salisbury, A. Watsham / WF. 168 (V) 75 ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ RHODESIA: Salisbury, v. 1978, A. Watsham ” (MICO); 1 ♂ “ RHODESIA: Chishawasha, 10. ii. 1979, A. Watsham ” (MICO); 4 ♂ “ ZIMBABWE Rekomitjie Res. Stat. malaise 16 10 ’ s. 29 25 ’ e. alt. 500 – 600 m. ”, “ C. A. Groenendijk, 13 / 5 – 26 / 5 1992 ” (RMNH).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFF63544FF1FFDAAFE5CF812.taxon	description	Description. FEMALE (holotype). Colour: Head and mesosoma black, with very faint green-bronze reflections. Metasoma dorsally mainly reddish, lateral surfaces dark brown to black, ventral surface light brown, ovipositor sheaths black. Body pilosity short whitish (Figs 83 – 86). Eyes grey, ocelli light brown (Fig. 85). Mandibles brown. Antenna (Fig. 87) with scape dark brown except whitish base; pedicel and funicle brown, anelli and clava yellowish, the latter slightly darker basally. Wings hyaline, tegulae brown, venation light brown (Fig. 88). Legs with coxae as mesosoma; trochanters and femora brown, extreme distal end of the latter pale yellow; fore tibia brown with pale yellow knee and a strip of the same colour on kickface; mid tibia with an extensive brown band around middle of segment, leaving pale yellow extremities; hind tibia entirely pale yellow (Fig. 84); all tarsi pale yellow, claws and arolia light brown. Body length. 4 mm. Head without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus, finely reticulate except lower face extensively and finely striated, striation not reaching toruli (cf. Fig. 85). Clypeal margin virtually straight (cf. Fig. 85). Eye ovate, anterior and posterior margins not sinuous (Fig. 83). Gena without clearly defined lamina near mouth corner. Scrobes short and shallow, slightly visible in dorsal view of the head. Toruli with lower margins very slightly above level of lower margins of eyes. Antenna (Fig. 87) with scape not reaching level of vertex (cf. Fig. 85); first anellus clearly transverse, the second about twice as long as the first and about 1.3 × as long as wide; funicular segments longer than wide; clava ventrally gradually narrowing before spicula, sutures hardly visible, oblique; micropilosity area barely visible, occupying about 1 / 4 length of claval body. Relative measurements — head length: 28, width: 58.5, height: 50; POL: 12; OOL: 10; eye height: 26.5, length: 19; IOD: 38; eye length dorsally: 18; temple length dorsally: 5.5; malar space: 18; distance between clypeal margin and toruli: 23; scape length: 27; pedicel length: 6, width: 3; pedicel plus flagellum: 59; fu 1 length: 18.5, width: 5; fu 6 length: 10, width: 7; clava length: 21, width: 9. Mesosoma dorsally coarsely reticulate (Fig. 84). Notauli indistinct (Fig. 84). Scutellum very convex, globose (Fig. 83); frenal line absent, but frenal area with finer reticulation than rest of scutellum. Upper mesepimeron smooth (cf. Fig. 86). Anterior area of metapleuron with very shallow sculpture, shiny (cf. Fig. 86). Dorsellum uniformly and finely reticulate (Fig. 91). Propodeum inclined (Fig. 83), uniformly reticulate except two small roundish depressions near its anterior margin submedially, and shallow spiracular sulci; spiracles large and elongate, their anterior edge nearly touching metanotum (Fig. 91). Fore wing (Fig. 88) with basal cell and basal fold glabrous; costal cell uniformly hairy on ventral surface; speculum reaching at most parastigma; pilosity dense on disc, area between stigmal vein and postmarginal vein mostly pilose; wing pilosity including marginal fringe short; stigma clearly capitate. Relative measurements — mesosomal length: 62, width: 50, height: 40; mesoscutum length: 25; scutellum length: 23, width: 30.5; propodeum length: 13; fore wing length: 115, width: 47; M: 22; S: 9; P: 16. Metasoma ovate-acuminate, about equal to head plus mesosoma (Figs 83, 84), dorsally very finely reticulate-imbricate (alveolae wider than long), almost smooth (Figs 89, 90). Posterior margin of gt 1 barely double-incised (Fig. 89). Ovipositor sheaths hardly visible in dorsal view (Fig. 84). Relative measurements — metasomal length: 85, width: 45; gt 1 length: 17; gt 7 length: 10.5, width: 10.5. MALE (allotype). Differs from the female holotype mainly as follows. Body length: 4.25 mm. Antenna uniformly dark brown except base of scape and anelli, which are slightly lighter (Fig. 92). Metasoma extensively yellow in the proximal 2 / 3 on both dorsal and ventral surfaces, except extreme base of gt 1, which is brownish; distal part brown (Fig. 92). Toruli much closer to median ocellus than to clypeal margin (Fig. 92). Scape slightly exceeding level of vertex; both anelli transverse; each funicular segment of uniform width, long and thin, not conspicuously widened proximally and distally, uniformly covered by short dense setae, and separated from each other by short tubular connections (Fig. 92); pedicel plus flagellum about 1.6 × head width; fu 1 length about 5 × width; fu 6 length about 3 × width; clava length about 5.6 × width. Metasoma length about twice width, shorter and narrower than head and mesosoma (Fig. 92). MAP 6. Distribution of N. gibber and N. gracilis Variation. BOTH SEXES. Spiracular sulci more or less deep, but at least a conspicuous depression posterior to each spiracle present. FEMALES. Body length: 3.0 – 6.5 mm. Eyes grey or reddish-brown (depending on the degradation of pigments); hind tibia yellow (specimens from Gambia, Ivory Coast and South Africa), or slightly brownish proximally (most specimens from D. R. Congo and Cameroon), or mostly dark (specimens from Zimbabwe); dorsal coloration of metasoma rather variable, from almost entirely reddish to almost completely brown, but always with at least a small reddish spot at base. In large specimens the second anellus distinctly longer than wide and scrobes deeper; in some small specimens second anellus quadrate. Head normally more or less uniformly hairy except eyes, but often in older specimens pilosity is lost. Head width about 2.1 – 2.3 × mouth width. POL about 0.9 – 1.3 × OOL. Malar space from slightly longer to slightly shorter than eye length. Scape sometimes longer than eye height, reaching or not the level of vertex; pedicel plus flagellum from slightly shorter to slightly longer than head width; fu 1 length about 3.3 – 3.7 × width, fu 6 length 1.3 – 1.5 × width; clava length about 2.5 – 2.7 × width. Mesosoma length about 1.2 – 1.5 × height. In large specimens the scutellum appears slightly flattened to depressed along the median line, when observed in frontal or posterior view. Marginal vein about 2.4 – 2.6 × as long as stigmal vein. Metasoma length about 1.9 – 2.3 × width. Posterior margin of gt 1 entire or slightly (Fig. 89) to conspicuously double-incised (Fig. 90); gt 7 length about 0.8 – 1.0 × maximum width. MALES. Body length: 2.00 – 4.25 mm. Pedicel plus flagellum about 1.5 – 1.7 × head width; fu 1 length about 4.3 – 5.0 × width; fu 6 length about 2.6 – 3.0 × width; clava length about 4.6 – 5.6 × width. Metasoma length about 1.8 – 2.0 × width.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFF63544FF1FFDAAFE5CF812.taxon	discussion	Comments. This is a very distinct species, both sexes being easily recognizable especially by the convex globose scutellum; in addition, females can be readily recognized by the specific colour pattern of the metasoma.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFF63544FF1FFDAAFE5CF812.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name refers to the hunch-backed appearance of the insect due to the strongly convex scutellum.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFF63544FF1FFDAAFE5CF812.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Cameroon, D. R. Congo, Gambia, Ivory Coast, South Africa, Zimbabwe (Map 6).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFF63544FF1FFDAAFE5CF812.taxon	biology_ecology	Hosts. Unknown.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFEA3543FF1FFBBFFE5CFAE2.taxon	description	(Figs 93 – 98)	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFEA3543FF1FFBBFFE5CFAE2.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. FEMALE. Head and mesosoma black, with faint dark blue metallic reflections mostly on mesosoma (Figs 93 – 96); metasoma yellow, ovipositor sheaths black (Figs 93, 94); antenna uniformly yellow (Fig. 97). Head without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus (Fig. 95). POL about 1.5 × OOL. Temple about 0.3 × eye length in dorsal view. Eye height about 1.4 × length, anterior and posterior margins conspicuously sinuous (Figs 93, 95). In frontal view eyes converging in lower part of the head (Fig. 95). Clypeal margin deeply emarginate, almost bidentate (Fig. 96). Toruli high above lower margins of eyes (Fig. 95). Scape well exceeding vertex (Fig. 95); second anellus transverse; clava slightly wider than fu 6 (Fig. 97). Scutellum moderately convex, not globose (Fig. 93). Propodeum inclined (Fig. 93), spiracular sulci absent (cf. Fig. 11). Fore wing length at most about 2.5 × width; marginal vein about 3.8 – 4.0 × as long as stigmal vein; speculum large, reaching to stigmal vein, but narrow beyond middle of marginal vein (Fig. 98). Metasoma slightly shorter than head plus mesosoma (Figs 93, 94). Posterior margin of gt 1 virtually straight.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFEA3543FF1FFBBFFE5CFAE2.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype ♀ (BMNH). ZIMBABWE: “ ZIMBABWE, Salisbury, ii. 1979, A. Watsham ” [CPD, on rectangular card, right flagellum missing]. Paratypes. ZIMBABWE: 3 ♀ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, A. Watsham / WF 79, x. 74 ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, A. Watsham / WF 79, ix. 74 ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ ZIMBABWE, Salisbury, vii. 1978, A. Watsham ” (MICO). SOUTH AFRICA: 2 ♀ “ SOUTH AFRICA, Hekpoort (i) 74, A. Watsham ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ S. AFRICA, Natal: Inchanga, XII 1979. A. Watsham ” (BMNH); 3 ♀ “ SOUTH AFRICA, Tvl., D’Nyala Nat. Res., Ellisras District ”, “ 23.45 S 27.49 E, 23 – 26. ii. 1987, G. L. Prinsloo ”, “ NATIONAL COLL. OF INSECTS (SANC), Pretoria, South Africa ” (SANC); 1 ♀ “ SOUTH AFRICA, Strydom Tunnel, E. Tvl. ii. 1990, G. L. Prinsloo ”, “ NATIONAL COLL. OF INSECTS (SANC), Pretoria, South Africa ” (SANC); 1 ♀ “ SOUTH AFRICA, Nylsvley, Tvl, iii. 1978, G. L. Prinsloo ”, “ NATIONAL COLL. OF INSECTS (SANC), Pretoria, South Africa ” (SANC); 1 ♀ “ SOUTH AFRICA, TVL., Kruger Nat. Park, Pretoriuskop, 25.09 S 31.16 E. 591 m. 17. i. 1985. N. C. Pienaar ”, “ NATIONAL COLL. OF INSECTS (SANC), Pretoria, South Africa ” (SANC); 1 ♀ “ SOUTH AFRICA, NATAL, Cape Vidal, 28.10 S 32.32 E. 13. i. 1981, G. L. Prinsloo ”, “ NATIONAL COLL. OF INSECTS (SANC), Pretoria, South Africa ” (SANC).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFEA3543FF1FFBBFFE5CFAE2.taxon	description	Description. FEMALE (holotype). Colour. Head and mesosoma black, with faint dark blue metallic reflections mostly on mesosoma (Figs 93 – 96). Metasoma pale yellow, ovipositor sheaths black (Figs 93, 94). Body pilosity short whitish (Figs 93 – 96). Eyes red, ocelli whitish (Figs 94, 95). Mandibles yellow, teeth reddish-brown (Fig. 95). Antenna uniformly yellow (Fig. 97). Wings hyaline, tegulae, venation and pilosity whitish (Fig. 98). Legs (Fig. 93) with all coxae light brown, with faint metallic reflections; trochanters, femora, tibiae and tarsi pale yellow, arolia and claws light brown. Body length. 2 mm. Head without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus, reticulate except lower face finely striated, striation not reaching toruli (Figs 95, 96). Clypeal margin deeply emarginate, with a narrow incision medially, thus appearing almost bidentate (Fig. 96). Eye with both anterior (Fig. 95) and posterior (Fig. 93) margins conspicuously sinuous, narrower ventrally and converging in lower part of the head when seen in frontal view (Fig. 95). Gena slightly depressed below eye, with a weak lamina near mouth corner. Scrobes virtually absent. Toruli very high, slightly above middle of face (Fig. 95). Antenna (Fig. 97) with scape exceeding vertex (Fig. 95); both anelli transverse, the second larger than the first; funicular segments longer than wide; clava ventrally gradually narrowing before spicula, sutures hardly visible, oblique; micropilosity area occupying more than 1 / 3 length of claval body; spicula long, almost half-length of claval body. Relative measurements — head length: 35, width: 62, height: 51; POL: 17; OOL: 11; eye height: 33, length: 24; IOD: 44; eye length dorsally: 23; temple length dorsally: 7; malar space: 11.5; mouth width: 28; distance between clypeal margin and toruli: 28; scape length: 30; pedicel length: 9, width: 4; pedicel plus flagellum: 72; fu 1 length: 9.5, width: 4; fu 6 length: 8, width: 7; clava length: 17, width: 7. Mesosoma dorsally reticulate (Fig. 94). Notauli hardly indicated in the anterior third of mesoscutum (Fig. 94). Scutellum moderately convex (Fig. 93), frenal line absent, but frenal area with finer reticulation than rest of scutellum. Upper mesepimeron smooth (Fig. 93). Metapleuron and dorsellum uniformly reticulate. Propodeum inclined (Fig. 93), uniformly and shallowly reticulate, basal depressions barely indicated; spiracles oval, spiracular sulci absent (cf. Fig. 11). Fore wing (Fig. 98) with basal cell and basal fold glabrous; costal cell with one row of setae on ventral surface, doubled by a few additional setae distally; speculum large, extending to stigmal vein; wing pilosity including marginal fringe short; stigma moderately capitate. Relative measurements — mesosomal length: 75, width: 50, height: 46; mesoscutum length: 31; scutellum length: 23, width: 28; propodeum length: 16; fore wing length: 162, width: 57; M: 38; S: 10; P: 15. Metasoma ovate, slightly shorter than head plus mesosoma (Figs 93, 94), dorsally mostly extremely finely reticulate-imbricate (alveolae wider than long) except for gt 1 which is mainly smooth (cf. Fig. 90). Posterior margin of gt 1 straight, not incised (cf. Fig. 58). Ovipositor sheaths short, not visible in dorsal view (Fig. 94). Relative measurements — metasomal length: 95, width: 55; gt 1 length: 10; gt 7 length: 4, width: 20. MALE. Unknown. Variation. FEMALES. Body length: 1.75 – 2.25 mm. Bluish metallic reflections on head and mesosoma variable in intensity; metasoma from pale yellow to dark yellow, ovipositor sheaths always black. Marginal vein about 3.8 – 4.0 × as long as stigmal vein. In air-dried specimens metasoma usually collapses on dorsal surface, thus appearing less wide.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFEA3543FF1FFBBFFE5CFAE2.taxon	discussion	Comments. Easily separated from the other similar species by the sinuous eye margins, unusually deeply incised clypeal margin, and long marginal vein. A deeply incised clypeus is also found in the Nearctic genus Lysirina Heydon, which shares a reduced prepectus with Norbanus; however, other characters clearly indicate that the newly described species belongs to Norbanus.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFEA3543FF1FFBBFFE5CFAE2.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name refers to the slender body that characterizes this species.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFEA3543FF1FFBBFFE5CFAE2.taxon	distribution	Distribution. South Africa, Zimbabwe (Map 6).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFEA3543FF1FFBBFFE5CFAE2.taxon	biology_ecology	Hosts. Unknown.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFEC354DFF1FFA61FE5CFD47.taxon	description	(Figs 99 – 108)	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFEC354DFF1FFA61FE5CFD47.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. BOTH SEXES. Head and mesosoma bluish-green to olive green (Figs 99 – 101, 106, 107). Head without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus (Fig. 101). Vertex dull, coarsely reticulate (Figs 100, 107). Clypeal margin slightly emarginate (Fig. 101). Scutellum moderately convex, not globose (Figs 99, 106). Metapleuron with uniform and distinct sculpture, without shiny area (cf. Figs 113, 163). Spiracular sulci present, more or less deep (Fig. 103). Basal cell glabrous; marginal vein about 3.2 – 3.5 × as long as stigmal vein (Fig. 104). FEMALE. Metasoma usually extensively yellow (Figs 99, 100, 105), sometimes darker, mostly reddish-brown; ovipositor sheaths always black (Fig. 99); antenna usually yellow, with fu 6 sometimes slightly darker (Fig. 102). Scape slightly exceeding vertex (Fig. 101). Second anellus quadrate (Fig. 102). Metasoma length about 2.0 – 2.3 × width. Posterior margin of gt 1 with a double incision (Fig. 105), sometimes barely indicated in small specimens (cf. Fig. 89). MALE. Scape exceeding level of vertex by about half scape length (cf. Fig. 21); each funicular segment of uniform width, long and thin, not conspicuously widened proximally and distally, and separated from each other by very short tubular connections; each segment more or less uniformly covered by long setae (Fig. 108).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFEC354DFF1FFA61FE5CFD47.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype ♀ (BMNH). ZIMBABWE: “ ZIMBABWE: Chishawasha, xii. 79, A. Watsham ” [CPD, on rectangular card]. Allotype ♂. ZIMBABWE: same information as holotype (BMNH). Additional paratypes. BURKINA FASO: 1 ♀ “ Burkina Faso, Volta Noire, Guéna, piège malaise, 6 / 7 – 9 / 8. 1978, leg. J. U. Everts ” (RMNH). D. R. CONGO: 2 ♀ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss. H. De Saeger, II / gd / 4, 27 - xii- 1951, Réc H. De Saeger. 2944 ” (MRAC); 3 ♀ and 1 ♂ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss. H. De Saeger, II / e, 18 - xii- 1950, Réc H. De Saeger. 995 ” (MRAC); 4 ♀ and 2 ♂ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss. H. De Saeger, II / f, 28 - xii- 1950, Réc J. Verschuren. 1018 ” (MRAC); 1 ♀ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, I / b / 2, 22 - ii- 1950, Réc. H. De Saeger. 214 ” (MRAC); 1 ♀ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, II / gd / 4, 5 - xii- 1951, Réc. H. De Saeger. 2862 ” (MRAC); 1 ♀ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, II / gd / 9, 3 - xi- 1951, H. De Saeger. 2717 ” (MRAC); 1 ♀ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, II / gc / 6, 9 - viii- 1951, Réc. H. De Saeger. 2243 ” (MRAC); 1 ♀ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, II / e, 8 - i- 1951, Réc. J. Verschuren. 1066 ” (MRAC); 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, Ndelele K. 115, 3 - xii- 1951, Réc. H. De Saeger. 2842 ” (MRAC); 1 ♀ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, Ndelele, 22 - ix- 1952, H. De Saeger. 4068 ” (MRAC); 1 ♀ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, II / f, 26 - xii- 1950, Réc. J. Verschuren. 1002 ” (MRAC); 1 ♀ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, II / d, 3 - i- 1951, Réc. J. Verschuren. 1034 ” (MRAC); 1 ♀ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, II / e, 4 - i- 1951, Réc. J. Verschuren. 1041 ” (MRAC); 1 ♀ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, II / gd / 4, 30 - xi- 1951, Réc. H. De Saeger. 2831 ” (MRAC); 1 ♀ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, II / ed / 14, 17 - ii- 1951, Réc. H. De Saeger. 1271 ” (MRAC); 1 ♀ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, II / f, 15 - xii- 1950, Réc. H. De Saeger. 991 ” (MRAC); 3 ♀ and 2 ♂ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, II / gd / 4, 23 - viii- 52, H. De Saeger. 3967 ” (MRAC); 4 ♀ and 3 ♂ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss. H. De Saeger, II / gc / 7, 14 - viii- 52, H. De Saeger. 3940 ” (MRAC); 1 ♀ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, II / gd / 4, 25 - viii- 52, H. De Saeger. 3978 ” (MRAC); 1 ♀ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, II / gd / 4, 18 - ix- 1952, H. De Saeger. 4077 ” (MRAC); 1 ♀ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, II / gd / 7, 8 - vi- 1951, Réc. H. De Saeger. 1887 ” (MRAC); 1 ♀ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, II / gd / 4, 22 - viii- 52, H. De Saeger. 3964 ” (MRAC); 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, II / fc / 4, 22 - ix- 1952, H. De Saeger. 4078 ” (MRAC); 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, I / o / 3 aval, 29 - ix- 1950, Réc. G. Demoulin. 853 ” (MRAC); 1 ♀ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, II / fc / 18, 12 - x- 1951, Réc. H. De Saeger. 2653 ” (MRAC); 1 ♀ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, II / fd / 4, 3 - vi- 1952, H. De Saeger. 3694 ” (MRAC); 1 ♀ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, Napukumweli, 26 - viii- 1950, Réc. G. Demoulin. 789 ” (MRAC); 1 ♀ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, II / gd / 4, 23 - viii- 52, H. De Saeger. 3967 ” (MRAC); 1 ♀ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss. H. De Saeger, Pp. K / 55 / d / 8, 19 - xi- 1951, Réc. H. De Saeger. 2768 ” (MRAC); 1 ♀ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, II / hd / 4, 20 - viii- 52, H. De Saeger. 3958 ” (MRAC); 1 ♀ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, II / id / 9, 16 - vii- 1952, H. De Saeger. 3805 ” (MRAC); 1 ♀ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, II / gd / 4, 18 - i- 1952, Réc. H. De Saeger. 3024 ” (MRAC); 1 ♀ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, Mt. Ndoro, 15 - iii- 1950, Réc. H. De Saeger. 305 ” (MRAC); 1 ♀ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, II / fe / 7, 4 - vii- 1952, Réc. H. De Saeger. 3729 ” (MRAC); 1 ♀ “ SL Edouard: Eb. Rwindi (1000 m) 17 - iv- 36, L. Lippens, PARC NAT. ALBERT ” (MRAC); 1 ♀ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, II / g / 10, 25 - i- 1951, Réc. H. De Saeger. 1157 ” (MRAC); 1 ♂ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, II / fd / 17, 25 - ix- 1952, H. De Saeger. 4083 ” (MRAC); 2 ♂ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, II / gd / 4, 8 - viii- 1952, H. De Saeger. 3923 ” (MRAC); 1 ♂ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, II / fc / 5, 26 - viii- 52, H. De Saeger. 3982 ” (MRAC); 1 ♂ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, PpK, 90 / 115, 3 - xii- 1951, Réc. H. De Saeger. 2860 ” (MRAC); 1 ♂ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss. H. De Saeger, II / gd / 14 s, 9 - viii- 1951, Réc. H. De Saeger. 2236 ” (MRAC); 1 ♂ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss. H. De Saeger, II / f, 26 - xii- 1950, Réc. J. Verschuren. 1003 ” (MRAC); 1 ♂ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss. H. De Saeger, Pp. K. 80.90, 5 - xi- 1951, Réc. H. De Saeger. 2724 ” (MRAC); 1 ♂ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss. H. De Saeger, II / gd / 6, 19 - viii- 52, H. De Saeger. 3952 ” (MRAC); 1 ♂ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss. H. De Saeger, II / gd / 4, 5 - vii- 1952, H. De Saeger. 3743 ” (MRAC); 1 ♂ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss. H. De Saeger, Ndelele / R, 23 - vii- 52, H. De Saeger. 3815 ” (MRAC); 1 ♂ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss. H. De Saeger, II / gc / 6, 8 - vi- 1951, Réc. H. De Saeger. 1886 ” (MRAC); 1 ♂ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss. H. De Saeger, PFSK. 20 / 9, 14 - vi- 52, Réc. H. De Saeger. 3653 ” (MRAC). GAMBIA: 1 ♀ “ W. AFR. GAMBIA, Gunjur, 29. / I., 1978. L. Huggert ” (BMNH). IVORY COAST: 31 ♀ and 103 ♂ “ IVORY COAST: Lamto Ecol. Res. Stn, 6 ° 13 ’ N 5 ° 02 ’ W, 10 – 30. xi. 1988, JS Noyes ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ “ IVORY COAST: Lamto Ecol. Res. Stn, 6 ° 13 ’ N 5 ° 02 ’ W, 10 – 30. xi. 1988, JS Noyes ” (MICO); 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ “ IVORY COAST Logbonou 20 km E Katiola, 26 - 12 - 1980, savanna, malaise trap, J. W. Everts c. s. / KaS 5 ” (RMNH); 1 ♀ “ IVORY COAST Ranch Marahoué, 60 km NW Mankono, 12 - 12 - 1980, savanna, malaise-trap, J. W. Everts c. s. / M 4 S ” (RMNH); 2 ♀ “ Côte d’Ivoire, 30 – 35 km. N. de Korghogo, 30. I. 1980 malaise, leg. J. W. Everts e. a. ” (RMNH); 1 ♀ “ Côte d’Ivoire, Katiola-Coton, 23. IV. 1981 malaise, J. W. Everts c. s. ” (RMNH); 2 ♂ “ Côte d’Ivoire, Katiola-Savanne, 4. I. 1981 malaise, leg. J. W. Everts c. s. ” (RMNH); 1 ♂ “ Côte d’Ivoire, 30 – 35. II. 1980 malaise, leg. J. W. Everts c. s. ” (RMNH); 1 ♂ “ Côte d’Ivoire, Katiola-Forêt, 4. I. 1981 malaise, J. W. Everts c. s. ” (RMNH); 1 ♂ “ MUSEUM PARIS, LAMTO (Côte d’Ivoire), IX. 1970, Leg. D. LACHAISE ”, “ Savane claire à Loudetia, (matin) ds. mare temporaire asséchée ” (MNHN). NAMIBIA: 1 ♀ “ SOUTH WEST AFRICA, Gross Otavi: 11: 73, A. Watsham ” (BMNH). SOUTH AFRICA: 4 ♀ and 1 ♂ “ S. Africa, R. E. Turner, Brit. Mus. 1924 - 289. ”, “ Port St. John, Pondoland. May. 1924. ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ Zululand: Eshowe, July 1926 ”, “ S. Africa, R. E. Turner, Brit. Mus. 1924 - 299. ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ SOUTH AFRICA, Strydom Tunnel, E. Tvl. ii. 1990, G. L. Prinsloo ”, “ NATIONAL COLL. OF INSECTS (SANC), Pretoria, South Africa ” (SANC); 1 ♀ “ SOUTH AFRICA FS, Willem Pretorius Prov. Nat. Res., ii. 1999 GL Prinsloo ”, “ Collected by sweeping ”, “ NATIONAL COLL. OF INSECTS (SANC), Pretoria, South Africa ” (SANC); 1 ♀ “ SOUTH AFRICA, Blyderivier Tvl. ii. 1977, G. L. Prinsloo ”, “ NATIONAL COLL. OF INSECTS (SANC), Pretoria, South Africa ” (SANC); 1 ♀ “ SOUTH AFRICA, Blyderiviers-poort. iii. 1981, G. L. Prinsloo ”, “ NATIONAL COLL. OF INSECTS (SANC), Pretoria, South Africa ” (SANC); 1 ♀ “ SOUTH AFRICA, Hluhluwe, Ntl, iv. 1977, G. L. Prinsloo ”, “ NATIONAL COLL. OF INSECTS (SANC), Pretoria, South Africa ” (SANC); 3 ♀ “ SOUTH AFRICA, Potgietersrus Tvl. ii. 1977, G. L. Prinsloo ”, “ NATIONAL COLL. OF INSECTS (SANC), Pretoria, South Africa ” (SANC); 1 ♀ “ SOUTH AFRICA, Hans Strijdom Dam Prov. Nat. Res. nr. Ellisras, Tvl, i. 1988, GL Prinsloo ”, “ NATIONAL COLL OF INSECTS (SANC), Pretoria, South Africa ” (SANC); 2 ♀ “ SOUTH AFRICA, Letsitele Tvl. xi. 1978, GL Prinsloo ”, “ NATIONAL COLL OF INSECTS (SANC), Pretoria, South Africa ” (SANC); 1 ♀ “ SOUTH AFRICA, Entabeni Forestry Stn, Tvl. xi. 1978, GL. Prinsloo ”, “ NATIONAL COLL. OF INSECTS (SANC), Pretoria, South Africa ” (SANC); 1 ♀ “ SOUTH AFRICA, Tzaneen, Tvl, ii. 1977, G. L. Prinsloo ”, “ NATIONAL COLL OF INSECTS (SANC), Pretoria, South Africa ” (SANC); 1 ♀ “ SOUTH AFRICA, Mbazwana, Ntl. iv. 1977, G. L. Prinsloo ”, “ NATIONAL COLL OF INSECTS (SANC), Pretoria, South Africa ” (SANC); 2 ♀ “ SOUTH AFRICA, Barberton Tvl. xii. 1978, G. L. Prinsloo ”, “ NATIONAL COLL OF INSECTS (SANC), Pretoria, South Africa ” (SANC); 2 ♀ “ SOUTH AFRICA, St. Lucia, Ntl. iv. 1977, G. L. Prinsloo ”, “ NATIONAL COLL OF INSECTS (SANC), Pretoria, South Africa ” (SANC); 1 ♀ “ SOUTH AFRICA, TVL., Kruger Nat. Park, Pretoriuskop, 25.09 S 31.16 E. 591 m. 17. i. 1985. N. C. Pienaar ”, “ NATIONAL COLL. OF INSECTS (SANC), Pretoria, South Africa ” (SANC); 1 ♀ “ SOUTH AFRICA: Transvaal, Kruger Nat. Park, Satara 12. XII. 1985, M. Sanborne (CNC); 2 ♂ “ SOUTH AFRICA, Hekpoort (i) 74, A. Watsham ” (BMNH); 1 ♂ “ SOUTH AFRICA, Uniondale, A. Watsham: 12: 73 ” (BMNH); 1 ♂ “ S. Africa. R. E. Turner. Brit. Mus. 1923 - 286. ”, “ Port St. John, Pondoland. April 5 - 30.1923. ” (BMNH); 1 ♂ “ S. Africa. R. E. Turner. Brit. Mus. 1923 - 332. ”, “ Port St. John, Pondoland. May 15 - 31.1923. ” (BMNH); 1 ♂ “ E Cape Prov., Katberg. 1 – 13. xi. 1932 ”, “ S. Africa. R. E. Turner. Brit. Mus. 1932 - 551 ” (BMNH). SUDAN: 1 ♂ “ SUDAN: 9 ° N 27 ° E, N of Aweii, 7 – 9. v. 1981, J. H. Martin ” (BMNH). ZIMBABWE: 1 ♀ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, A. Watsham / WFU 193, (viii) 73 ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, A. Watsham / WFU 42, (v) 74 ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ RHODESIA, Chishawasha, 10. ii. 1979, A. Watsham ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, A. Watsham / (VIII) 77, 292 ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, A. Watsham / WF 88, xi. 74 ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, A. Watsham / WFU 14, 2. iii. 74 ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, A. Watsham / WF. 147, iv. 75 ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, A. Watsham / WF. 150, iv. 75 ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, A. Watsham / WF 74, ix. 74 ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, A. Watsham / WFU 53, (vi) 74 ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, A. Watsham / WF 95, xii 74 ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, A. Watsham / WFU 37, v. 74 ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, A. Watsham / WFU 62, viii. 74 ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, A. Watsham / WFU 63, viii. 74 ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ ZIMBABWE, Salisbury, A. Watsham / Apr. 81 ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, A. Watsham / WF. 148, iv. 75 ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, A. Watsham / WFU 23, iii. 74 ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, A. Watsham / WFU 15, 3. iii. 74 ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, A. Watsham / WFU 33, iv 74 ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ RHODESIA, Chishawasha, ii. 1976, A. Watsham ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, v. 1976, A. Watsham ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ ZIMBABWE, Chishawasha, xi. 1975, A. Watsham ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ ZIMBABWE, Salisbury, A. Watsham / Jan. 81 ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, A. Watsham / WFU 6, (ii) 74 ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, A. Watsham / WFU 20, iii 74 ” (BMNH); 2 ♂ same information as holotype (BMNH); 1 ♂ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, A. Watsham / WF. 146, iv. 75 ” (BMNH); 1 ♂ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, A. Watsham / WF. 147, iv. 75 ” (BMNH); 1 ♂ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, A. Watsham / WF. 62, viii 74 ” (BMNH); 1 ♂ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, A. Watsham / WF. 48, (vi) 74 ” (BMNH); 1 ♂ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, A. Watsham / WF. 46, (vi) 74 ” (BMNH); 1 ♂ “ ZIMBABWE, Chishawasha, xii 79, Watsham ” (BMNH); 1 ♂ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, ii. 1978, A. Watsham ” (BMNH). Other material. SOUTH AFRICA: 2 ♀ “ S. Africa, R. E. Turner, Brit. Mus. 1924 - 289. ”, “ Port St. John, Pondoland. May. 1924. ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ S. Africa, R. E. Turner, Brit. Mus. 1926 - 194. ”, “ Zululand: Gingindhlovu. 29. iv. 1926 ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ S. Africa, R. E. Turner, Brit. Mus. 1926 - 232. ”, “ Zululand: Eshove. 6 – 31. v. 1926 ” (BMNH).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFEC354DFF1FFA61FE5CFD47.taxon	description	Description. FEMALE (holotype). Colour. Head and mesosoma bluish-green. Metasoma mainly bright yellow, getting brownish distally; ovipositor sheaths black. Body pilosity short whitish. Eyes light red, ocelli whitish. Mandibles yellow, teeth reddish-brown. Antenna mainly yellow, scape and pedicel dorsally and fu 6 light brown. Wings hyaline, tegulae and venation brownish-yellow, pilosity pale yellow. Legs with all coxae as mesosoma; trochanters dark yellow; fore and mid femora yellowish-brown, hind femur dark brown with metallic reflections; all tibiae and tarsi pale yellow, arolia and claws light brown. Body length. 3.25 mm. Head without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus, reticulate except lower face finely striated, striation not reaching toruli (Figs 100, 101). Clypeal margin very slightly emarginate (Fig. 101). Eye ovate, anterior and posterior margins not sinuous (Fig. 99). Gena with a weak lamina near mouth corner. Scrobes moderately impressed, visible in dorsal view of the head. Toruli with lower margins above lower margins of eyes (Fig. 101). Antenna (Fig. 102) with scape reaching above vertex (Fig. 101); first anellus transverse, the second quadrate; funicular segments longer than wide; clava ventrally gradually narrowing before spicula, sutures hardly visible, oblique; micropilosity area occupying more than half length of claval body. Relative measurements — head length: 31, width: 64, height: 51; POL: 13.5; OOL: 10.5; eye height: 30, length: 22; IOD: 41.5; eye length dorsally: 21; temple length dorsally: 5; malar space: 19; mouth width: 29; distance between clypeal margin and toruli: 24; scape length: 29; pedicel length: 6.5, width: 3; pedicel plus flagellum: 68; fu 1 length: 10, width: 3; fu 6 length: 5.5, width: 4.5; clava length: 13.5, width: 5. Mesosoma dorsally coarsely reticulate (Fig. 100). Notauli barely visible in the anterior third of mesoscutum (Fig. 100). Scutellum moderately convex (Fig. 99), frenal line absent, but frenal area with finer reticulation than rest of scutellum. Upper mesepimeron smooth (cf. Fig. 106). Metapleuron (cf. Figs 113, 163) and dorsellum (cf. Fig. 103) uniformly reticulate. Propodeum inclined (Fig. 99), uniformly reticulate except two small depressions near its anterior margin submedially; spiracles oval, spiracular sulci conspicuous, although not deep (cf. Fig. 103). Fore wing (Fig. 104) with basal cell and basal fold glabrous; costal cell with several rows of setae on ventral surface; speculum large, extending to stigmal vein; wing pilosity including marginal fringe short; stigma hardly capitate. Relative measurements — mesosomal length: 60, width: 51, height: 47; mesoscutum length: 24.5; scutellum length: 25, width: 29; propodeum length: 11; fore wing length: 140, width: 51; M: 27; S: 8.5; P: 12. Metasoma ovate-acuminate, slightly longer than head plus mesosoma (Figs 99, 100), dorsally mainly reticulate-imbricate (alveolae wider than long) except for gt 1 which is mainly smooth (Fig. 105). Posterior margin of gt 1 with a weak double incision (Fig. 105). Ovipositor sheaths short, not visible in dorsal view (Fig. 100). Relative measurements — metasomal length: 105, width: 52; gt 1 length: 13; gt 7 length: 8, width: 14. MALE (allotype). Differs from the female holotype mainly as follows. Body length: 2.3 mm. Scape except base and pedicel light brown; base of scape whitish; flagellum dark brown (Fig. 108). Metasoma brown except extensively whitish dorsally and ventrally in proximal 2 / 3; extreme base of gt 1 brownish (Figs 106, 107). Toruli much closer to median ocellus than to clypeal margin (fig. 106). Scape exceeding level of vertex by about half scape length (cf. Fig. 21); both anelli transverse; each funicular segment of uniform width, long and thin, not conspicuously widened proximally and distally, more or less uniformly covered by long dense setae emerging at a slightly acute angle to segment; segments separated from each other by short tubular connections (Fig. 108); pedicel plus flagellum about 2.3 × head width; fu 1 length about 6.3 × width; fu 6 length about 3.3 × width; clava with segments more closely compacted than funicular segments, length about 7 × width, not wider than fu 6 (Fig. 108). Mesosoma length about 1.4 × width. Metasoma length about 3 × width, only slightly longer and narrower than mesosoma (Figs 106, 107). MAP 7. Distribution of N. incombo and N. ingens Variation. BOTH SEXES. Spiracular sulci shallow in small specimens and deep in larger ones. FEMALES. Body length: 2.00 – 5.25 mm. Eyes from pale red to dark red, ocelli from whitish to reddish-brown; proximal part of flagellum sometimes slightly darker than distal part; fu 6 sometimes not darker than the rest of funicular segments; femora from light brown to dark brown and with metallic reflections; metasoma sometimes light brown, rarely dark brown, in the latter case scape also dark brown. Head width about 1.8 – 2.0 × length. Marginal vein about 3.2 – 3.5 × as long as stigmal vein. Metasoma length about 2.0 – 2.3 × width. MALES. Body length: 1.75 – 3.50 mm. Mesosoma often with some golden reflections, usually stronger on scutellum. Flagellum reddish-brown to dark brown. Scape exceeding level of vertex by about 1 / 2 – 1 / 3 scape length; pedicel plus flagellum about 1.7 – 2.8 × head width (flagellum length greater in small specimens compared with larger ones); fu 1 length about 6.0 – 6.7 × width; fu 6 length about 3 – 4 × width; clava length about 5.5 – 9.5 × width, the last two segments from closely compacted together in large specimens to distinctly separated in smaller specimens. Mesoscutum width about 1.5 – 1.9 × length (in small specimens mesoscutum tends to be longer than in large specimens). Metasoma length about 2.0 – 3.0 × width, from about equal to mesosoma to about equal to head plus mesosoma.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFEC354DFF1FFA61FE5CFD47.taxon	discussion	Comments. This is one of the most common species of Norbanus in the Afrotropical region. For characters separating N. incombo from N. maliarphae, see the key. Norbanus incombo superficially resembles N. awi in colour and habitus, but differs from the latter species mainly in the double-incised gt 1, shorter stigmal vein, and yellow, gradually narrowing clava. Several females from South Africa are excluded from the type series; they differ from other females in size, being all large (about 5.25 mm), and by having the head and mesosoma dark coppery, with violet reflections; no other characters have been found to separate them from the typical form.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFEC354DFF1FFA61FE5CFD47.taxon	etymology	Etymology. In the Zulu language (i) ncombo means yellow, with reference to the usually yellow metasoma of females.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFEC354DFF1FFA61FE5CFD47.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Burkina Faso, D. R. Congo, Gambia, Ivory Coast, Namibia, South Africa, Sudan, Zimbabwe (Map 7).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFEC354DFF1FFA61FE5CFD47.taxon	biology_ecology	Hosts. Unknown.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFE2354BFF1FFC82FE5CFDAF.taxon	description	(Figs 109 – 114)	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFE2354BFF1FFC82FE5CFDAF.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. FEMALE. Head and mesosoma mainly bright blue (Figs 109 – 111); metasoma entirely reddish (Figs 109, 110); antenna except proximal end of scape and distal end of clava dark brown (Figs 111, 112); eyes bright red (Fig. 111); hind tibia pale yellow (Fig. 110). Head without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus (Fig. 111). POL about 1.1 × as long as OOL. Clypeal margin slightly emarginate (Fig. 111). Eye length fully as long as malar space. Antenna filiform, second anellus transverse, clava not wider than distal funicular segments, spicula short (Fig. 112); scape virtually reaching level of vertex. Scutellum moderately convex, not globose (Fig. 109). Upper mesepimeron smooth (Fig. 113). Propodeum inclined (Fig. 109), its lateral surfaces less coarsely reticulate than metapleuron (Fig. 113); spiracular sulci absent. Fore wing length about 2.7 × width; speculum small, not reaching beyond distal end of submarginal vein; disc pilosity dense, area between stigmal vein and postmarginal vein mostly pilose (Fig. 114). Metasoma longer than head plus mesosoma (Fig. 109); sculpture on most gastral tergites reticulate, alveolae mostly isodiametric (cf. Fig. 69). Posterior margin of gt 1 slightly sinuous (Fig. 110).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFE2354BFF1FFC82FE5CFDAF.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype ♀ (RMNH). TOGO: “ TOGO, DANALO, 5. VI. 1984, mal. 3 ”, “ BE. 30264 ” [pinned].	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFE2354BFF1FFC82FE5CFDAF.taxon	description	Description. FEMALE (holotype). Colour. Head and mesosoma mainly bright blue, with some sparse green and violet reflections mostly on lateral surfaces of mesosoma (Figs 109 – 111, 113). Metasoma entirely reddish, ovipositor sheaths black (Figs 109, 110). Body pilosity short whitish (Figs 111, 113). Eyes bright red, ocelli light brown (Fig. 111). Mandibles reddish-brown, teeth darker (Fig. 111). Antenna (Fig. 112) with scape dark brown, whitish at base; pedicel and flagellum dark brown, distal third of clava yellow. Wings hyaline, tegulae, venation and pilosity light brown (Fig. 114). Legs (Figs 109, 110) with all coxae as mesosoma; trochanters and femora reddish, hind femur slightly darker; tibiae and tarsi pale yellow; last tarsal segment light brown, arolia and claws brown. Body length. 10.5 mm. Head without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus (Fig. 111). Lower face finely striated, striation not reaching toruli; gena and area between gena and torulus almost smooth, shiny; areas between scrobes and eyes striate-reticulate (Fig. 111); vertex with faint reticulation. Clypeal margin very shallowly emarginate (Fig. 111). Eye ovate, anterior and posterior margins not sinuous (Fig. 109). Gena with a weak lamina near mouth corner. Scrobes very deep, rugose, conspicuous in both frontal and dorsal view of the head (Fig. 111). Toruli with lower margins slightly above lower margins of eyes (Fig. 111). Antenna (Fig. 112) with scape virtually reaching level of vertex; both anelli transverse, the second conspicuously longer than the first; funicular segments longer than wide; clava gradually narrowing before the short spicula, sutures hardly visible, oblique; micropilosity area occupying about half length of claval body. Relative measurements — head length: 27.5, width: 59, height: 45; POL: 10; OOL: 9; eye height: 26, length: 18; malar space: 18; mouth width: 26; distance between clypeal margin and toruli: 20; scape length: 24.5; IOD: 35; eye length dorsally: 17; temple length dorsally: 8; pedicel length: 5, width: 2.5; pedicel plus flagellum: 65; fu 1 length: 13, width: 3; fu 6 length: 5.5, width: 3.5; clava length: 10, width: 3.5. Mesosoma dorsally coarsely reticulate (Fig. 110). Notauli reaching about 2 / 3 length of mesoscutum (Fig. 110). Scutellum convex (Fig. 109), frenal line absent, but frenal area with finer reticulation than rest of scutellum. Upper mesepimeron mainly smooth (Fig. 113). Metapleuron and dorsellum uniformly reticulate. Propodeum uniformly reticulate except two very small depressions near its anterior margin submedially, spiracles oval; spiracular sulci absent (cf. Fig. 164); lateral surface of propodeum less coarsely reticulate than metapleuron (Fig. 113). Fore wing (Fig. 114) with basal cell and basal fold glabrous; costal cell with several rows of setae on ventral surface; speculum small, not reaching beyond distal end of submarginal vein, disc pilosity dense, area between stigmal vein and postmarginal vein mostly pilose; marginal fringe very short; stigma hardly capitate. Relative measurements — mesosomal length: 68, width: 54, height: 52; mesoscutum length: 30; scutellum length: 25, width: 33; propodeum length: 13; fore wing length: 130, width: 48; M: 21; S: 9; P: 18. Metasoma acuminate, longer than head plus mesosoma (Figs 109, 110), dorsally entirely finely reticulate (alveolae mostly isodiametric) (cf. Fig. 69). Posterior margin of gt 1 slightly sinuous, not incised (Fig. 110). Ovipositor sheaths short, hardly visible in dorsal view (Fig. 110). Relative measurements — metasomal length: 125, width: 48; gt 1 length: 17; gt 7 length: 12, width: 14.5. MALE. Unknown.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFE2354BFF1FFC82FE5CFDAF.taxon	discussion	Comments. This species most closely resembles N. polaszeki, from which it greatly differs mainly in body colour, but also regarding the sculpture of metapleura, lateral surfaces of propodeum and dorsal surface of metasoma.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFE2354BFF1FFC82FE5CFDAF.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From the Latin word ingens, meaning huge, great.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFE2354BFF1FFC82FE5CFDAF.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Togo (Map 7).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFE2354BFF1FFC82FE5CFDAF.taxon	biology_ecology	Hosts. Unknown.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFE43549FF1FFDAAFE5CF99A.taxon	description	(Figs 115 – 124)	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFE43549FF1FFDAAFE5CF99A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. BOTH SEXES. Head and mesosoma black, mostly without metallic reflections (Figs 115 – 118, 121 – 123); hind tibia mainly blackish, only extremities yellowish (Figs 115, 117, 121, 122). Head without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus (Figs 118, 123). Eye height about 1.2 – 1.4 × length of malar space. POL slightly shorter than OOL (fig. 122). Temple about 0.4 – 0.5 × as long as eye. Clypeal margin slightly emarginate (Fig. 118, 123). Mesosoma strongly arched dorsally (Figs 115, 116, 121), length about 1.1 – 1.3 × width and 1.2 – 1.3 × height. Scutellum convex, but not globose (Figs 115, 116, 121). Propodeum inclined (Figs 115, 116, 121); spiracular sulci absent (cf. Fig. 164). Fore wing length about 2.5 × width; speculum very small, not extending beyond distal end of submarginal vein (Fig. 120). FEMALE. Metasoma black (Fig. 116, 117); flagellum except tip of clava uniformly dark brown (Fig. 119). Body length 6 – 7 mm. Antenna filiform, clava not wider than distal funicular segments, spicula short (Fig. 119); scape reaching or almost reaching level of vertex (Fig. 118); second anellus transverse (Fig. 119). Fore wing disc densely pilose (Fig. 120). Metasoma slightly longer than head plus mesosoma, length about twice width (Fig. 116, 117). Posterior margin of gt 1 slightly sinuous (Fig. 117). MALE. Scape usually black, not or slightly exceeding level of vertex (Fig. 123); funicular segments not widened both proximally and distally, long and thin, uniformly covered by short dense setae, and separated from each other by very short tubular connections (Fig. 124); pedicel plus flagellum about 1.6 – 1.9 × head width; proximal funicular segments usually distinctly widened distally (Figs 122, 124).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFE43549FF1FFDAAFE5CF99A.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Lectotype ♀, here designated (MRAC). BURUNDI: “ Holotypus ”, “ Coll. Mus. Congo, Urundi: Kitega 1600 – 1700 m., 3 / 4 - III- 1953, P. Basilewsky ”, “ Type ”, “ Habrocytus kitegaensis Risb., J. Risbec det. 195 ” [head and mesosoma on micropin, metasoma glued aside]. Paralectotypes. BURUNDI: 1 ♂, “ Allotypus ”, “ Coll. Mus. Congo, Urundi: Kitega 1600 – 1700 m., 3 / 4 - III- 1953, P. Basilewsky ”, “ Type ”, “ ♂ ”, “ R. det. 7286 G. ” (MRAC); BURUNDI: 1 ♂, “ Paratypus ”, same information as previous specimen (MRAC); RWANDA: 1 ♂, “ Paratypus ”, “ Coll. Mus. Congo, Ruanda: Kayove, 2000 m. terr. Kisenyi, P. Basilewsky 14 / II- 53 ”, “ R. det. 7286 H. ” (MRAC). Other specimens. SOUTH AFRICA: 1 ♀ “ SOUTH AFRICA, Hluhluwe Game Res. Ntl, ii. 1990, B. Grobbelaar ”, “ NATIONAL COLL. OF INSECTS (SANC), Pretoria, South Africa ” (SANC); 1 ♂ “ SOUTH AFRICA, Lake Kosi, Ntl. i. 1978, G. L. Prinsloo ”, “ NATIONAL COLL OF INSECTS (SANC), Pretoria, South Africa ” (SANC); 1 ♂ “ S. Africa R. E. Turner. Brit. Mus. 1924 - 177. ”, “ Port St. John, Pondoland, 1 – 17. Mar. 1924 ” (BMNH). ZIMBABWE: 1 ♀ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, A. Watsham / WF. 138, (iii) 75 ” (BMNH). ZAMBIA: 1 ♀ and 4 ♂ “ ZAMBIA: 15 km E. Lusaka, 30. xii. 79 – 1. i. 80, Mal. tr. in orchard, R. A. Beaver ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ “ ZAMBIA: 15 km E. Lusaka, 30. xii. 79 – 1. i. 80, Mal. tr. in orchard, R. A. Beaver ” (MICO).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFE43549FF1FFDAAFE5CF99A.taxon	description	Redescription. FEMALE. Colour. Head, mesosoma and metasoma black, mostly without metallic reflections (Figs 115 – 118). Body pilosity short whitish (Figs 117, 118). Eyes dark brown, ocelli light brown (Figs 117, 118). Mandibles reddish-brown, teeth dark brown (Fig. 118). Antenna (Fig. 119) with scape except base, pedicel and flagellum dark brown, base of scape yellowish; clava becoming gradually lighter from base to tip, the latter light brown to yellow, more extensively so on ventral surface. Wings hyaline, tegulae, venation and pilosity brown (Fig. 120). Legs (Figs 115, 117) with coxae black; trochanters brown; femora black except brownish extremities; fore tibia dark brown with yellow knee and narrow yellow strip on kickface; mid and hind tibiae brownish-black with yellow extremities; fore tarsus light brown, mid and hind tarsi yellow, gradually becoming light brown (whole last segment light brown); arolia and claws dark brown. Body length. 6 – 7 mm. Head without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus, reticulate except lower face extensively and finely striated, striation almost reaching toruli (Fig. 118). Head width 2.0 – 2.1 × length and about 1.3 × height. Clypeal margin shallowly emarginate (Fig. 118). Eye ovate, anterior and posterior margins not sinuous (Figs 115, 116), height about 1.3 – 1.4 × length. Gena with a weak lamina near mouth corner. Malar space about 0.7 – 0.8 × eye height. POL about 0.8 – 0.9 × as long as OOL. Temple about 0.4 – 0.5 × as long as eye in dorsal view. Scrobes well defined, clearly visible both in dorsal and frontal view of the head. Toruli with lower margins above lower margins of eyes (Fig. 118). Antenna (Fig. 119) with scape virtually as long as eye height, reaching or almost reaching level of vertex (Fig. 118); pedicel length about 1.6 × width; length of pedicel plus flagellum about 1.2 × head width; both anelli transverse, about equal in length; funicular segments longer than wide; fu 1 length about 3.6 – 3.8 × width; fu 6 length about twice width; clava not wider than fu 6, length about 3.2 – 3.6 × width, gradually narrowing before spicula, sutures hardly visible, oblique; micropilosity area occupying about half length of claval body; spicula short, almost indistinct; sensilla and limits of funicular segments difficult to see among the dense short pilosity. Mesosoma short and strongly arched (Figs 115, 116), length about 1.1 – 1.3 × width and 1.2 – 1.3 × height, dorsally coarsely reticulate, hence surface appearing dull (Fig. 117). Mesoscutum width about 1.8 × length. Notauli hardly visible, traceable slightly beyond middle of mesoscutum (Fig. 117). Scutellum convex but not globose (Figs 115, 116), frenal line absent, but frenal area with finer reticulation than rest of scutellum. Upper mesepimeron smooth (cf. Fig. 121). Metapleuron and dorsellum uniformly reticulate. Propodeum inclined (Figs 115, 116), length about 0.6 × scutellum length, uniformly reticulate except two small depressions near its anterior margin submedially; spiracles oval, spiracular sulci absent (cf. Fig. 164). Fore wing (Fig. 120) length about 2.5 × width, with basal cell and basal fold glabrous; costal cell with several rows of pilosity on ventral surface; speculum very small, extending at most behind parastigma; disc covered with short and dense pilosity, area between stigmal vein and postmarginal vein pilose; marginal vein about 1.7 – 2.1 × as long as stigmal vein, from as long as to slightly longer than postmarginal vein; stigma hardly capitate; wing pilosity including marginal fringe short. Metasoma acuminate (Figs 116, 117), length about 1.9 – 2.0 × width, very slightly longer than head plus mesosoma, dorsally mostly reticulate-imbricate (alveolae wider than long) except for gt 1 which is mainly smooth (cf. Fig. 19). Posterior margin of gt 1 slightly sinuous (Fig. 117). Gt 1 length about 0.2 × length of metasoma; gt 7 about as long as wide. Ovipositor sheaths short, hardly visible in dorsal view (Fig. 117). MALE. Differs from the female holotype mainly as follows. Body length: 4.0 – 5.5 mm. Metasoma brown except extensively whitish dorsally and ventrally in proximal 2 / 3; extreme base of gt 1 brownish (Figs 121, 122). Whole antenna black (Figs 123, 124). Toruli closer to median ocellus than to clypeal margin (Fig. 123). Scape not or only very slightly exceeding level of vertex (Fig. 123); all funicular segments long and thin, proximal ones usually slightly conical; segments uniformly covered by short dense setae, and separated from each other by very short tubular connections (Fig. 124); pedicel plus flagellum about 1.6 – 1.9 × head width; fu 1 length about 3.70 – 4.25 × width, slightly widening distally; clava not defined, distance between segments not shorter than distance between funicular segments (Fig. 124). Metasoma length about 1.5 – 1.9 × width, narrower and usually shorter than mesosoma (Figs 121, 122).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFE43549FF1FFDAAFE5CF99A.taxon	discussion	Comments. In the original description Risbec (1957) mentioned one female and three males. In MRAC they stand as “ holotypus ” — the female, “ allotypus ” — one male, and “ paratypus ” — two males, these specimens having been listed as such by Mitroiu (2011). However, because no such distinction has been made in the original description, according to the International Commission of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN), all specimens should have been treated as syntypes; accordingly, a lectotype is here designated and the remaining specimens as paralectotypes (see above). The only female of the type series was chosen as lectotype because this was described in detail by Risbec. Norbanus kitegaensis is very close to N. garouae from which it differs in having darker colour, smaller eyes, shorter POL, longer temples, higher mesosoma, and larger body size. However, it is possible that N. kitegaensis represents only a larger form of N. garouae.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFE43549FF1FFDAAFE5CF99A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Burundi, Rwanda (Risbec, 1957); South Africa, Zambia, Zimbabwe (new records) (Map 8).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFE43549FF1FFDAAFE5CF99A.taxon	biology_ecology	Hosts. Unknown.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFE63535FF1FF9B9FE5CFF4F.taxon	description	(Figs 125 – 130)	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFE63535FF1FF9B9FE5CFF4F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. FEMALE. Head and mesosoma mainly dark bluish (Figs 125 – 127); metasoma usually reddish-brown, ovipositor sheaths black (Figs 125, 126); fu 6 usually at least slightly darker than fu 5 (Fig. 128); hind tibia pale yellow (Fig. 125). Head without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus (Fig. 127). Clypeal margin slightly emarginate (Fig. 127). POL about 1.4 × as long as OOL. Eye height about 1.4 × length. Lower margins of toruli slightly below lower margins of eyes (Fig. 127). Scape slightly to distinctly exceeding level of vertex (Fig. 127); second anellus transverse (Fig. 128); clava slightly wider than distal funicular segments (Fig. 128). Scutellum moderately convex (fig. 125). Propodeum inclined (Fig. 125), spiracular sulci absent (cf. Fig. 11). Fore wing (Fig. 129) length at most about 2.5 × width; speculum reaching stigmal vein; marginal vein about 2.5 – 3.0 × as long as stigmal vein. Metasoma elongate-acuminate, much longer than head plus mesosoma (Fig. 125), length usually about 3.3 – 3.6 × width. Posterior margin of gt 1 conspicuously sinuous (cf. Fig. 19). Gt 6 longer than wide, length about 1.2 – 1.4 × width (Fig. 130). MAP 8. Distribution of N. kitegaensis and N. longissimus	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFE63535FF1FF9B9FE5CFF4F.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype ♀ (MRAC). D. R. CONGO: “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss. H. De Saeger, II / gd / 4, 6 - vii- 1951, Réc. H. De Saeger. 2050 ” [on triangular card]. Paratypes. D. R. CONGO: 1 ♀ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss. H. De Saeger, II / hc / 8, 23 - iv- 1951, Réc. J. Verschuren. 1590 ” (MRAC); 1 ♀ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss. H. De Saeger, II / gd / 4, 6 - vii- 1951, Réc. H. De Saeger. 2050 ” (MRAC); 1 ♀ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss. H. De Saeger, II / gc / 2, 31 - iii- 1951, Réc. H. De Saeger. 1474 ” (MRAC); 1 ♀ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss. H. De Saeger, II / gd / 8, 20 - v- 1951, Réc. H. De Saeger. 1947 ” (MRAC); 1 ♀ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss. H. De Saeger, II / hd / 4, 17 - vii- 1951, Réc. H. De Saeger. 2107 ” (MRAC); 1 ♀ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss. H. De Saeger, Ndelele / R, 23 - vii- 52, H. De Saeger. 3815 ” (MRAC); 1 ♀ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss. H. De Saeger, II / fd / 18, 6 - x- 1951, Réc. H. De Saeger. 2551 ” (MRAC); 1 ♀ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss. H. De Saeger, II / hd / 8, 26 - xi- 1951, H. De Saeger. 2808 ” (MRAC).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFE63535FF1FF9B9FE5CFF4F.taxon	description	Description. FEMALE (holotype). Colour. Head and mesosoma mainly bluish, with slight greenish reflections (Figs 125 – 127). Metasoma reddish-brown, ovipositor sheaths black (Figs 125, 126). Body pilosity short whitish (Figs 126, 127). Eyes brownish, ocelli reddish-brown (Figs 126, 127). Mandibles light brown, teeth reddish-brown (Fig. 127). Antenna (Fig. 128) reddish-brown except lighter scape base and dark brown fu 6 and clava. Wings hyaline, tegulae, venation and pilosity light yellowish-brown (Fig. 129). Legs (Fig. 125) with coxae reddish-brown, the hind ones distinctly metallic dorsally; trochanters light reddish-brown; femora dark reddish-brown, extremities lighter; tibiae and tarsi pale yellow, arolia and claws brown. Body length. 4.75 mm. Head without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus, reticulate except lower face finely striated, striation almost reaching level of toruli (Fig. 127). Clypeal margin shallowly emarginate (Fig. 127). Eye ovate, anterior and posterior margins not sinuous (Fig. 125). Gena with a fairly strong lamina near mouth corner. Scrobes very shallow and short, not visible in dorsal view of the head. Toruli with lower margins slightly below lower margins of eyes (Fig. 127). Antenna (Fig. 128) with scape exceeding level of vertex (Fig. 127); both anelli transverse, the second slightly longer than the first; funicular segments longer than wide; clava ventrally gradually narrowing before spicula, sutures hardly visible, oblique; micropilosity area occupying less than half length of claval body. Relative measurements — head length: 28, width: 58.5, height: 45; POL: 11; OOL: 8; eye height: 26, length: 18; IOD: 34; eye length dorsally: 18; temple length dorsally: 4.5; malar space: 18; mouth width: 25; distance between clypeal margin and toruli: 18; scape length: 32; pedicel length: 5.5, width: 2.5; pedicel plus flagellum: 60; fu 1 length: 8.5, width: 2.5; fu 6 length: 5.5, width: 3; clava length: 12.5, width: 4. Mesosoma dorsally coarsely reticulate (Fig. 126). Notauli hardly visible, reaching about middle of mesoscutum (Fig. 126). Scutellum moderately convex (Fig. 125), frenal line absent, but frenal area with finer reticulation than rest of scutellum. Upper mesepimeron smooth. Metapleuron and dorsellum uniformly reticulate. Propodeum inclined (Fig. 125), uniformly reticulate except two small depressions near its anterior margin submedially; spiracles oval, spiracular sulci absent (cf. Fig 11). Fore wing (Fig. 129) with basal cell and basal fold glabrous; costal cell with one row of setae on ventral surface, plus several additional setae distally; speculum large, extending to stigmal vein, but effaced by several admarginal setae; wing pilosity including marginal fringe short; stigma moderately capitate. Relative measurements — mesosomal length: 55, width: 43, height: 43; mesoscutum length: 21.5; scutellum length: 24, width: 26; propodeum length: 13; fore wing length: 148, width: 58; M: 33; S: 11; P: 25. Metasoma elongate-acuminate, distinctly longer than head plus mesosoma (Fig. 125), dorsally mostly with reticulate-imbricate sculpture (alveolae much wider than long) except for gt 1 which is mainly smooth (cf. Fig. 19). Posterior margin of gt 1 conspicuously sinuous, not incised (cf. Fig. 19). Ovipositor sheaths short, slightly visible in dorsal view. Relative measurements — metasomal length: 124, width: 35; gt 1 length: 15; gt 6 length: 22, width: 17; gt 7 length: 13, width: 13.5. MALE. Unknown. Variation. FEMALES. Body length: 4.0 – 5.5 mm. Head and mesosoma occasionally with some golden reflections; metasoma from light brown (usually) to dark brown; scape from reddish-brown (usually) to dark brown, slightly to distinctly exceeding level of vertex; fu 6 occasionally barely darker than fu 5; coxae from reddish-brown to the same colour as mesosoma. Marginal vein about 2.5 – 3.0 × as long as stigmal vein. Metasoma length about 3.3 – 3.6 × width. Gt 6 length about 1.2 – 1.4 × width.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFE63535FF1FF9B9FE5CFF4F.taxon	discussion	Comments. Based on the long metasoma and other characters N. longissimus most closely resembles N. mustatai from which it can be separated mostly by the longer, more acuminate metasoma and different body colour.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFE63535FF1FF9B9FE5CFF4F.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name refers to the very long body due to the characteristic shape of the metasoma.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFE63535FF1FF9B9FE5CFF4F.taxon	distribution	Distribution. D. R. Congo (Map 8).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFE63535FF1FF9B9FE5CFF4F.taxon	biology_ecology	Hosts. Unknown.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FF9A3533FF1FFE8AFD16F915.taxon	description	(Figs 131 – 136)	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FF9A3533FF1FFE8AFD16F915.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. FEMALE. Head and mesosoma blue-green, sometimes with golden reflections (Figs 131 – 134); metasoma brown, dark reddish at base (Figs 131, 132); antenna with flagellum yellowish-brown, fu 5 – 6 and clava slightly to conspicuously darker (Fig. 135); all tibiae entirely pale yellow (Fig. 131). Body pilosity short (Figs 131 – 134). Head without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus (Fig. 133). Vertex and area around ocelli smooth, shiny, sculpture hardly visible (Fig. 134). Scape not reaching level of vertex. Clypeal margin slightly emarginate (Fig. 133). Second anellus clearly longer than the first, almost quadrate (Fig. 135). Scutellum moderately convex, not globose (Fig. 131). Metapleuron with uniform and distinct sculpture, without any shiny area (cf. Fig. 113). Spiracular sulci present (cf. Fig. 103). Basal cell with at most six setae in distal part; marginal vein about 2.3 – 2.4 × as long as stigmal vein (Fig. 136). Metasoma length about 2.1 × width. Posterior margin of gt 1 with a double incision (Fig. 132).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FF9A3533FF1FFE8AFD16F915.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype ♀ (RMNH). SENEGAL: “ Senegal 25 – 35 km sud de Richard Toll, piège malaise, 14. VIII. 1989, leg. H. v. d. Valk c. s ” [on rectangular card]. Paratypes. SENEGAL: 1 ♀ “ Senegal: Casamance, iv – v. 90 8 / 2, G. Bianchi ”, “ ex. Maliarpha separatella ”, “ Picroscytoides sp. det. J. LaSalle, 1990 ” (BMNH).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FF9A3533FF1FFE8AFD16F915.taxon	description	Description. FEMALE (holotype). Colour. Head and mesosoma blue-green, mesosoma more bluish laterally (Figs 131 – 134). Metasoma brown, dark reddish basally (Figs 131, 132). Body pilosity short whitish (Figs 131 – 134). Eyes reddish, ocelli reddish-yellow (Figs 133, 134). Mandibles light brown, teeth reddish-brown. Antenna (Fig. 135) with scape light brown, whitish at base; pedicel light brown; fu 1 – 4 light brown, fu 5, fu 6 and clava slightly darker. Wings hyaline, tegulae, venation and pilosity light brown (Fig. 136). Legs (Fig. 131) with all coxae as mesosoma, the hind ones distinctly bluish; trochanters light brown; femora dark brown, distally yellow; tibiae and tarsi light brown; last tarsal segment, arolia and claws light brown. Body length. 4 mm. Head without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus, reticulate except lower face finely striated (striation not reaching toruli) and mainly smooth and shiny vertex and area around ocelli (Figs 133, 134). Clypeal margin shallowly emarginate (Fig. 133). Eye ovate, anterior and posterior margins not sinuous (Fig. 131). Gena with a weak lamina near mouth corner. Scrobes shallow, hardly visible in dorsal view of the head (Fig. 134). Toruli with lower margins above lower margins of eyes (Fig. 133). Antenna (Fig. 135) with scape reaching upper edge of median ocellus; first anellus transverse, the second clearly longer than the first; funicular segments longer than wide; clava ventrally gradually narrowing before spicula, sutures hardly visible, oblique; micropilosity area occupying less than half length of claval body. Relative measurements — head length: 28, width: 57, height: 46; POL: 11; OOL: 9; eye height: 26.5, length: 19; IOD: 35; eye length dorsally: 18; temple length dorsally: 5; malar space: 17; mouth width: 27; distance between clypeal margin and toruli: 19; scape length: 26; pedicel length: 6, width: 3; pedicel plus flagellum: 57; fu 1 length: 9, width: 3.5; fu 6 length: 5, width: 4; clava length: 11, width: 4. Mesosoma dorsally coarsely reticulate (Fig. 132). Notauli reaching about half length of mesoscutum (Fig. 132). Scutellum moderately convex (Fig. 131), frenal line absent, but frenal area with finer reticulation than rest of scutellum. Upper mesepimeron smooth (Fig. 131). Metapleuron with uniform and distinct sculpture, without shiny area (cf. Figs 113, 163). Dorsellum uniformly reticulate. Propodeum uniformly reticulate except two small depressions near its anterior margin submedially; spiracles oval, spiracular sulci present (cf. Fig. 103). Fore wing (Fig. 136) with basal cell and basal fold mostly glabrous, except six setae in distal part of basal cell; costal cell with several rows of setae on ventral surface, mostly in distal half; speculum large but narrow behind parastigma, extending behind marginal vein and reaching stigmal vein; wing pilosity including marginal fringe short; stigma hardly capitate. Relative measurements — mesosomal length: 60, width: 50, height: 44; mesoscutum length: 25; scutellum length: 23, width: 30; propodeum length: 12; fore wing length: 107, width: 40; M: 19; S: 8; P: 13. Metasoma ovate, about as long as head plus mesosoma (Figs 131, 132), dorsally mostly reticulate-imbricate (alveolae wider than long) except for gt 1 which is mainly smooth (cf. Fig. 19). Posterior margin of gt 1 with a double incision (Fig. 132). Ovipositor sheaths short, but clearly visible in dorsal view (Fig. 132). Relative measurements — metasomal length: 92, width: 43; gt 1 length: 15; gt 7 length: 8, width: 8. MALE. Unknown; it is expected to be very close to the male of N. sunabron, probably differing mainly in the general body colour and colour of tibiae, which should all be entirely yellow. Variation. FEMALES. Body length: 4.0 – 6.5 mm. Mesoscutum sometimes with some golden-coppery reflections. Head width about 2.0 – 2.2 × length. POL about 1.0 – 1.2 × OOL. Pedicel length about 1.7 – 2.0 × width; fu 1 length about 2.6 – 3.8 × width; fu 6 length about 1.3 – 1.6 × width; clava length about 2.4 – 2.7 × width. The basal cell of the paratype lacks any setae. Marginal vein about 2.1 – 2.4 × as long as stigmal vein. Metasoma length about 2.0 – 2.4 × width, from about equal to slightly longer than head plus mesosoma. Gt 7 length about 1.0 – 1.4 × width.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FF9A3533FF1FFE8AFD16F915.taxon	discussion	Comments. The holotype has the metasoma dorsally collapsed, thus affecting part of the measurements. This species is very close to N. sunabron, from which it can be separated mainly by the characters given in the key. Based on the incised posterior margin of gt 1, N. maliarphae is also similar to N. incombo from which it can be easily separated mainly by the smooth vertex and area around ocelli, shorter marginal vein and different body colour. Based on the smooth dorsal surface of the head, the incised posterior margin of gt 1, and the shape of male antenna, the new species also resembles the Palaearctic species N. cerasiops and N. guyoni, which are present in North Africa. From N. cerasiops the new species differs mainly in the glabrous basal cell and colour; from N. guyoni the females of N. maliarphae differ mainly in having a much shorter metasoma, less dense pilosity, and different colour.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FF9A3533FF1FFE8AFD16F915.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species name is derived from that of its host.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FF9A3533FF1FFE8AFD16F915.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Senegal (Map 9).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FF9A3533FF1FFE8AFD16F915.taxon	biology_ecology	Hosts. The female paratype was reared from the African White Stemborer Maliarpha separatella Ragonot (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), which attacks a variety of plants including maize and rice. MAP 9. Distribution of N. maliarphae and N. mustatai	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FF9C353EFF1FF935FD3EFB82.taxon	description	(Figs 137 – 144)	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FF9C353EFF1FF935FD3EFB82.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. BOTH SEXES. Head and mesosoma coppery-green (Figs 137 – 140, 144); hind tibia medially brownish (Figs 137, 138, 144). Head without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus (Fig. 139). Clypeal margin slightly emarginate (Fig. 139). POL about 1.4 × as long as OOL. Eye height about 1.4 × length. Scutellum moderately convex (Figs 137, 144). Propodeum inclined (Figs 137, 144), spiracular sulci absent (cf. Fig. 11). Fore wing length at most about 2.8 × width; speculum reaching stigmal vein; marginal vein about 2.2 – 2.5 × as long as stigmal vein (Fig. 142). FEMALE. Metasoma dark brown to black (Figs 137, 138); clava and fu 6 dark (Fig. 141). Lower margins of toruli below lower margins of eyes (Fig. 139). Scape not or very slightly exceeding level of vertex (Fig. 139); second anellus transverse (Fig. 141); clava slightly wider than distal funicular segments (Fig. 141). Metasoma lanceolate, longer than head plus mesosoma, length about 2.5 – 3.0 × width (Figs 137, 138). Posterior margin of gt 1 conspicuously sinuous (Fig. 138, cf. Fig. 19). Gt 6 at least slightly wider than long (Fig. 143). MALE. Scape and pedicel dark brown to black, hence not contrasting with flagellum (Fig. 144). POL about 1.3 × as long as OOL. Scape exceeding level of vertex by about half scape length (cf. Fig. 21); funicular segments widened both proximally and distally, with two whorls of long setae each, and separated from each other by long tubular connections (Fig. 144); length of pedicel plus flagellum about twice head width.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FF9C353EFF1FF935FD3EFB82.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype ♀ (BMNH). SOUTH AFRICA: “ SOUTH AFRICA, Delmas, Tv 1, ix. 1988, R. Kfir ”, “ ex Chilo partellus on sorghum ”, “ C 625 ” [on triangular card]. Allotype ♂. ZIMBABWE: “ Salisbury, S. Rhodesia, Dept. Agric., 1136 16 / 9 / vv ” (BMNH). Additional paratypes. SOUTH AFRICA: 1 ♀, same information as holotype (BMNH); 1 ♀, same information as holotype, “ SANC PRETORIA, Database No. HYMC 00625 ” (SANC); 1 ♀ “ SOUTH AFRICA, Mariepskop, Tvl. xi. 1987, G L Prinsloo ”, “ Norbanus ”, “ NATIONAL COLL. OF INSECTS (SANC) Pretoria, South Africa ” (SANC); 1 ♀ “ SOUTH AFRICA, C. P., Katberg Mnt, 32.31 S, 26.38 E. 02. xii. 1983, GL Prinsloo, NC Grobbelaar ”, “ NATIONAL COLL. OF INSECTS (SANC) Pretoria, South Africa ” (SANC). ZIMBABWE: 1 ♀ “ Ex Busseola fusca larva, Salisbury, Oct. 1956, C. N. Smith [?] / Salisbury Dist. Dept. Agric. S. Rhodesia, … 19 … ”, “ Accession No 11638 ”, “ C. I. E. COLL NO. A. 436 ” (BMNH); 3 ♀ “ Parasite of B. fusca, Salisbury Dist. Dept. Agric. S. Rhodesia, 25.10.1954 ”, “ Accession No. 7043 ”, “ COM. INST. ENT. COLL. NO. 14008 ”, “ Norbanus sp., B. R. Subba Rao det. 1972 ” (BMNH); 1 ♂ same information as allotype, “ Arthrolysis sp. G. Nixon det. 1946 ” (BMNH). Other specimens. ZIMBABWE: 3 ♀ “ ZIMBABWE Rekomitjie Res. Stat. malaise 16 10 ’ s. 29 25 ’ e. alt. 500 – 600 m. ” (RMNH).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FF9C353EFF1FF935FD3EFB82.taxon	description	Description. FEMALE (holotype). Colour. Head and mesosoma coppery-green (Figs 137 – 139). Metasoma dark brown, mostly with dark bronze metallic reflections (Figs 137, 138). Body pilosity short whitish (Figs 139, 140). Eyes dark brownish-red, ocelli brown (Fig. 139). Mandibles reddish-yellow, teeth reddish-brown (Fig. 139). Antenna (Fig. 141) with scape brown, basally pale; pedicel brown; anelli yellowish; funicle light brown except dark brown fu 6; clava dark brown. Wings hyaline, tegulae, venation and pilosity light brown (Fig. 142). Legs (Figs 137, 138) with coxae as mesosoma; trochanters yellow; femora mainly brown, with yellow extremities, distal parts more extensively so; tibiae pale yellow, slightly brownish medially; tarsi pale yellow, with last segment light brown; arolia and claws dark brown. Body length. 4.25 mm. Head without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus (Fig. 139), reticulate except lower face finely striated, striation not reaching level of toruli (cf. Fig. 140). Clypeal margin shallowly emarginate (cf. Fig. 140). Eye ovate, anterior and posterior margins not sinuous (Fig. 137). Gena with a fairly strong lamina near mouth corner. Scrobes very shallow and short, not visible in dorsal view of the head. Lower margins of toruli below lower margins of eyes (Fig. 139). Antenna (Fig. 141) with scape reaching level of vertex (Fig. 139); both anelli transverse, the second longer than the first; funicular segments longer than wide; clava round before spicula, sutures hardly visible, oblique; micropilosity area occupying about 1 / 3 length of claval body. Relative measurements — head length: 29, width: 64, height: 50; POL: 13; OOL: 9.5; eye height: 29, length: 20; IOD: 39; eye length dorsally: 19; temple length dorsally: 5; malar space: 20; mouth width: 27; distance between clypeal margin and toruli: 19; scape length: 33; pedicel length: 6, width: 3; pedicel plus flagellum: 65; fu 1 length: 9, width: 3; fu 6 length: 6, width: 4.5; clava length: 12, width: 5. Mesosoma dorsally coarsely reticulate (Fig. 138). Notauli reaching slightly beyond middle of mesoscutum (Fig. 138). Scutellum moderately convex (Fig. 138), frenal line absent, but frenal area with finer reticulation than rest of scutellum. Upper mesepimeron smooth (cf. Fig. 144). Metapleuron and dorsellum uniformly reticulate. Propodeum inclined (Fig. 137), uniformly reticulate except two small depressions near its anterior margin submedially; spiracles oval, spiracular sulci absent (cf. Fig. 11). Fore wing (cf. Fig. 142) with basal cell and basal fold glabrous; costal cell with one row of setae on ventral surface, as well as several additional ones distally; speculum large, extending to stigmal vein; wing pilosity including marginal fringe short; stigma moderately capitate. Relative measurements — mesosomal length: 65, width: 48, height: 47; mesoscutum length: 24; scutellum length: 23, width: 27; propodeum length: 13; fore wing length: 140, width: 50; M: 29; S: 12; P: 24. Metasoma lanceolate, distinctly longer than head plus mesosoma, dorsally mostly reticulate-imbricate (alveolae wider than long) except for gt 1 which is mainly smooth (Figs 137, 138). Posterior margin of gt 1 sinuous, not incised (Fig. 138). Ovipositor sheaths short, barely visible in dorsal view (Fig. 138). Relative measurements — metasomal length: 125, width: 44; gt 1 length: 20; gt 6 length: 21.5, width: 25.5; gt 7 length: 14, width: 15. MALE (allotype). Differs from the female holotype mainly as follows. Body length: 3.25 mm. Metasoma dark brown except extensively yellow dorsally and ventrally in proximal half; base of gt 1 brownish; distal part dark brown (Fig. 144); scape (except base) and pedicel dark brown, with conspicuous metallic reflections; base of scape yellowish; flagellum dark brown (Fig. 144). Toruli much closer to median ocellus than to clypeal margin (Fig. 144). Scape exceeding level of vertex by about half scape length; funicular segments widened both proximally and distally, with two whorls of long whitish setae each, and separated from each other by long tubular connections; setae on funicular segments emerging at an acute angle to segment (Fig. 144); length of pedicel plus flagellum about twice head width. Metasoma oval, length about twice width, shorter than head plus mesosoma and narrower than mesosoma (Fig. 144). Variation. FEMALES. Body length: 3.25 – 4.30 mm. Head and mesosoma with coppery reflections sometimes less strong. Hind tibia slightly to conspicuously brownish medially. Scape from reaching to very slightly exceeding level of vertex. Second anellus from distinctly transverse to almost quadrate. Marginal vein about 2.2 – 2.5 × as long as stigmal vein. Metasoma length about 2.5 – 3.0 × width; gt 6 from almost quadrate to 1.2 × wider than long. MALES. Variability not conspicuous in the examined material.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FF9C353EFF1FF935FD3EFB82.taxon	discussion	Comments. Based on the long metasoma N. mustatai most closely resembles N. longissimus from which it can be separated mostly by the shorter metasoma and different body colour. Several specimens are excluded from the type material mostly because they have the hind tibia uniformly pale and have slightly shorter scapes.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FF9C353EFF1FF935FD3EFB82.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The new species is dedicated to Professor Gheorghe Mustață, whose scientific career was dedicated to the study of parasitoid complexes of economically important insect pests in Romania.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FF9C353EFF1FF935FD3EFB82.taxon	distribution	Distribution. South Africa, Zimbabwe (Map 9).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FF9C353EFF1FF935FD3EFB82.taxon	biology_ecology	Hosts. Most specimens have been reared from Chilo partellus (Crambidae) on sorghum (South Africa), as well as larvae of Busseola fusca (Noctuidae) (Zimbabwe).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FF91353CFF1FFBBCFE5CFB72.taxon	description	(Figs 145 – 150)	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FF91353CFF1FFBBCFE5CFB72.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. FEMALE. Head and mesosoma green except blue-green propodeum; metasoma light brown, ovipositor sheaths black (Figs 145, 146, 150); clava darker than funicle (Fig. 148); hind tibia yellow (Fig. 145). Setae on head and mesosoma dense, long, thick and white (Figs 146, 147). Head without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus (Fig. 147). Clypeal margin slightly emarginate (Fig. 147). POL about 1.8 × as long as OOL. Eye height about 1.5 × length. Antennae inserted about level with lower margins of eyes (Fig. 147); scape not exceeding median ocellus; second anellus transverse; clava wider than funicular segments, ventrally abruptly narrowing before spicula (Fig. 148). Upper mesepimeron smooth. Scutellum moderately convex, not globose (Fig. 145). Propodeum inclined (Fig. 145), spiracular sulci absent (cf. Fig. 11). Fore wing length at most about 2.4 × width; postmarginal vein about as long as stigmal vein; speculum large, reaching to stigmal vein; fore wing pilosity, including marginal fringe, reduced to dots, only setae on marginal and postmarginal veins present (Fig. 149). Metasoma about as long as head plus mesosoma, about twice as long as wide (Figs 145, 146). Posterior margin of gt 1 strongly sinuous, median part strongly produced posteriorly; posterior margins of gt 2 and gt 3 also sinuous, although less strongly so (Fig. 150).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FF91353CFF1FFBBCFE5CFB72.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype ♀ (BMNH). GAMBIA: “ W. AFR., GAMBIA, Fajara, 24. / I. 1978. L. Huggert ”. Paratypes. GAMBIA: 3 ♀, same information as holotype (BMNH).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FF91353CFF1FFBBCFE5CFB72.taxon	description	Description. FEMALE (holotype). Colour. Head and most mesosoma bright green, but colour partly confined because of dense pilosity; propodeum blue-green (Figs 145, 146). Metasoma light brown, ovipositor sheaths black (Figs 145, 146, 150). Body pilosity dense, long, thick and white (Figs 146, 147, 150). Eyes red, ocelli pale red (cf. Fig. 147). Mandibles yellow, teeth reddish-brown. Antenna (Fig. 148) with scape yellow, brownish in distal half; pedicel light brown; flagellum except light brown clava yellow. Wings hyaline (cf. Fig. 149), tegulae light brown, venation yellowish. Legs (Fig. 145) with coxae as mesosoma; trochanters yellowish-brown; femora brown, with pale yellow distal extremities; tibiae and tarsi pale yellow, arolia and claws brown. Body length. 3.5 mm. Head without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus, finely reticulate except lower face finely striated, striation almost reaching toruli (cf. Fig. 147). Clypeal margin very shallowly emarginate (cf. Fig. 147). Eye ovate, anterior and posterior margins not sinuous (fig. 145). Gena with a weak lamina near mouth corner. Scrobes shallow, slightly visible in dorsal view of the head. Lower margins of toruli about level with lower margins of eyes (cf. Fig. 147). Antenna (Fig. 148) with scape reaching about middle of median ocellus; both anelli transverse, about the same size; funicular segments longer than wide; clava ventrally abruptly narrowing before spicula, sutures hardly visible, oblique; micropilosity area occupying less than 1 / 4 length of claval body. Relative measurements — head length: 32, width: 62, height: 58; POL: 13; OOL: 7; eye height: 34, length: 23; IOD: 35; eye length dorsally: 23.5; temple length dorsally: 4.5; distance between clypeal margin and toruli: 25; scape length: 32; pedicel length: 6, width: 3.5; pedicel plus flagellum: 70; fu 1 length: 9, width: 3; fu 6 length: 6, width: 4.5; clava length: 16, width: 5.5. Mesosoma dorsally quite finely reticulate, hence appearing shiny among dense pilosity (Fig. 146). Notauli hardly visible under dense pilosity, reaching about middle of mesoscutum (Fig. 146). Scutellum moderately convex (Fig. 145), frenal line absent, but frenal area with finer reticulation than rest of scutellum and covered by denser pilosity than rest of scutellum. Upper mesepimeron smooth (cf. Fig. 163). Metapleuron and dorsellum uniformly reticulate. Propodeum inclined (Fig. 145), uniformly reticulate except two small depressions near its anterior margin submedially; spiracles oval, spiracular sulci absent (cf. Fig. 11). Fore wing (cf. Fig. 149) with basal cell and basal fold glabrous; speculum large, extending to stigmal vein; setae on costal cell and disc, and marginal fringe reduced to dots; only setae on parastigma, marginal vein and postmarginal vein present; stigma hardly capitate. Relative measurements — mesosomal length: 70, width: 50, height: 47; mesoscutum length: 28; scutellum length: 25, width: 28; propodeum length: 11; fore wing length: 125, width: 52; M: 20; S: 10.5; P: 11. Metasoma ovate, its lateral margins almost parallel, about as long as head plus mesosoma (Figs 145, 146), dorsally mostly reticulate-imbricate (alveolae wider than long) except for gt 1 which is mainly smooth (Fig. 150). Posterior margin of gt 1 strongly sinuous, not incised, with median part strongly produced posteriorly; posterior margins of gt 2 and gt 3 conspicuously to slightly sinuous respectively (Fig. 150). Ovipositor sheaths short, barely visible in dorsal view (Fig. 146). Relative measurements — metasomal length: 103, width: 50; gt 1 length: 26; gt 7 length: 8, width: 20. MALE. Unknown (see comments below). Variation. FEMALES. Body length: 3.20 – 3.75 mm. Setae on head and mesosoma sometimes lost in many areas, but usually present at least on pronotum, anterior corners of mesoscutum, temples and genae, frenal area and lateral surfaces of propodeum.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FF91353CFF1FFBBCFE5CFB72.taxon	discussion	Comments. The species most closely resembles N. prinslooi because of the strongly sinuous posterior margin of gt 1 and habitus. It differs from this species mainly in the shorter postmarginal vein, completely reduced setae on fore wing and more conspicuous body setae. The malar space cannot be accurately measured in the holotype because of the head position; in a female paratype it is about half as long as eye height. A male from Namibia has similar fore wing structure as the females, i. e. short postmarginal vein and reduced setae, but the setae on the head and mesosoma are thinner and less dense. It has the funicular segments of uniform width except small bumps where setae emerge, fu 1 – 2 bear several rows of long setae, fu 3 – 6 only two rows, and the funicular segments are separated from each other by short but distinct tubular connections; metasoma has a large subbasal pale spot and the extreme base of gt 1 is dark. However, until more material is examined, the male is not formally described.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FF91353CFF1FFBBCFE5CFB72.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name refers to the abundant pilosity that characterizes at least the females of this species.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FF91353CFF1FFBBCFE5CFB72.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Gambia (Map 10).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FF91353CFF1FFBBCFE5CFB72.taxon	biology_ecology	Hosts. Unknown.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FF93353BFF1FFAD1FD75FA8D.taxon	description	(Figs 151 – 158)	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FF93353BFF1FFAD1FD75FA8D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. BOTH SEXES. Head and mesosoma mainly blue-green; hind tibiae medially dark (Figs 151 – 153, 157). Head without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus (Fig. 153). Clypeal margin slightly emarginate (Fig. 153). POL about 1.3 × as long as OOL. Scutellum moderately convex, not globose (Figs 151, 157). Upper mesepimeron entirely reticulate (Fig. 155). Propodeum inclined (Figs 151, 157); spiracular sulci absent (cf. Fig. 11). Fore wing length about 2.6 × width (Fig. 156). FEMALE. Metasoma reddish-brown, apex dorsally pale; ovipositor sheaths black (Figs 151, 152); fu 5 – 6 and clava except tip darker than rest of the flagellum (Fig. 154). Antennae inserted slightly above lower margins of eyes (Fig. 153). Second anellus transverse (Fig. 154). Metasoma longer than head plus mesosoma (Figs 151, 152), posterior margin of gt 1 slightly sinuous (Fig. 152). MALE. Each funicular segment widened both proximally and distally, with two whorls of long setae each, and separated from each other mostly by long tubular connections (Fig. 158).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FF93353BFF1FFAD1FD75FA8D.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype ♀ (MRAC). D. R. CONGO: “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss. H. De Saeger, II / fc / 4, 30 - VIII- 1952, H. De Saeger. 3997 ” [on triangular card]. Allotype ♂. ZIMBABWE: “ ZIMBABWE, nr. Harare, i. 1982, A. Watsham ” (BMNH). Additional paratypes. D. R. CONGO: 1 ♀, “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss. H. De Saeger, II / gd / 6, 2 - ix- 1952, H. De Saeger. 4023 ” (MRAC); 1 ♀, “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss. H. De Saeger, II / gd / 14 s, 9 - viii- 1951, Réc. H. De Saeger. 2236 ” (MRAC).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FF93353BFF1FFAD1FD75FA8D.taxon	description	Description. FEMALE (holotype). Colour. Head dark blue, vertex and occiput almost black (Figs 152, 153). Mesosoma blue-green, with some dark violet reflections (Fig. 155). Metasoma reddish-brown, apex dorsally pale; ovipositor sheaths black (Figs 151, 152). Body pilosity short whitish (Figs 153, 155). Eyes red, ocelli light brown (Fig. 153). Mandibles brown, teeth darker (Fig. 153). Antenna (Fig. 154) with scape (except base), pedicel, anelli and fu 1 – 4 brown, fu 5 – 6 and clava (except tip) dark brown; base of scape, apex of clava and spicula light brown. Wings hyaline, tegulae light brown, venation darker (Fig. 156). Legs (Figs 151, 152) with coxae and hind femur as mesosoma; trochanters brown; fore and mid femora brown; fore tibia brown with light yellow knee and a strip of the same colour on kickface; mid and hind tibiae without yellowish strip, with an extensive brown band around middle of segment, leaving yellow extremities; fore tarsus light brown, mid and hind tarsi yellowish, the last segment and claws light brown; arolia dark brown. Body length. 5 mm. Head without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus, reticulate except lower face extensively and finely striated, striation not reaching toruli (Fig. 153); area around posterior ocelli dull due to dense reticulation. Clypeal margin shallowly emarginate (Fig. 153). Eye ovate, anterior and posterior margins not sinuous (Fig. 151). Gena with a weak lamina near mouth corner. Scrobes shallow, hardly visible in dorsal view of the head. Toruli with lower margins slightly but distinctly above lower margins of eyes (Fig. 153). Antenna (Fig. 154) with scape slightly exceeding vertex; both anelli transverse; funicular segments except fu 6, which is approximately quadrate, longer than wide; clava ventrally gradually narrowing before spicula, sutures hardly visible, oblique; micropilosity area occupying about 1 / 3 length of claval body. Relative measurements — head length: 27, width: 58, height: 47; POL: 12; OOL: 9; eye height: 26, length: 18.5; IOD: 35; eye length dorsally: 18; temple length dorsally: 5; malar space: 18; mouth width: 26.5; distance between clypeal margin and toruli: 22; scape length: 26; pedicel length: 6.5, width: 3; pedicel plus flagellum: 60; fu 1 length: 10, width: 3.5; fu 6 length: 4.5, width: 4.5; clava length: 11, width: 4.5. Mesosoma dorsally coarsely reticulate (Fig. 152). Notauli hardly visible (Fig. 152). Scutellum moderately convex (Fig. 151), frenal line absent, but frenal area with finer reticulation than rest of scutellum. Upper mesepimeron entirely reticulate, the only smooth part of mesopleura being a narrow strip separating mesepimeron from mesepisternum (Fig. 155). Metapleuron and dorsellum uniformly reticulate. Propodeum inclined (Fig. 151), uniformly reticulate except two small elongated depressions near its anterior margin submedially; spiracles large and elongate, spiracular sulci absent (cf. Fig. 11). Fore wing (Fig. 156) with basal cell and basal fold glabrous; costal cell with two rows of pilosity on ventral surface; speculum large, reaching stigmal vein; disc pilosity rather sparse, area between stigmal vein and postmarginal vein mostly bare; wing pilosity including marginal fringe short; stigma clearly capitate. Relative measurements — mesosomal length: 70, width: 50, height: 50; mesoscutum length: 27; scutellum length: 24, width: 28.5; propodeum length: 14; fore wing length: 132, width: 50; M: 24; S: 10; P: 16. Metasoma elongate-acuminate, longer than head plus mesosoma (Figs 151, 152), dorsally mostly reticulate-imbricate (alveolae wider than long) except for gt 1 which is mainly smooth (Fig. 152). Posterior margin of gt 1 very slightly sinuous (Fig. 152). Ovipositor sheaths slightly visible in dorsal view (Fig. 152). Relative measurements — metasomal length: 133, width: 38; gt 1 length: 17; gt 7 length: 17, width: 15.5. MALE (allotype). Differs from the female holotype mainly as follows. Body length: 3.25 mm. Colour of vertex and occiput lighter, dark blue-green. Metasoma brown except extensively whitish in proximal 1 / 2 (dorsally) or 2 / 3 (ventrally); base of gt 1 brownish (Fig. 157). Flagellum dark brown (Fig. 158). Toruli much closer to median ocellus than to clypeal margin (Fig. 157). Scape exceeding level of vertex by about 1 / 3 scape length (cf. Fig. 50); funicular segments widened both proximally and distally, with two whorls of long whitish setae each, and separated from each other by long tubular connections; setae on funicular segments emerging at an acute angle to segment (Fig. 158); length of pedicel plus flagellum about 1.7 × head width. Metasoma ovate, length 1.85 × width, slightly shorter than head plus mesosoma and about as wide as mesosoma (Fig. 157). Variation. FEMALES. Body length: 5.0 – 5.5 mm. Anelli equal in length or the second slightly longer than the first; clava length about 2.4 – 2.7 × width. Mesoscutum width 1.65 – 1.85 × length. Fore wing length about 2.6 – 2.8 × width. Marginal vein about 2.4 – 2.6 × as long as stigmal vein. Metasoma length about 3.3 – 3.5 × width.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FF93353BFF1FFAD1FD75FA8D.taxon	discussion	Comments. Both sexes of N. pleuralis can be easily separated from other species having a similar habitus (e. g. N. longissimus, N. mustatai, N. polaszeki), mainly by the entirely reticulate mesopleura.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FF93353BFF1FFAD1FD75FA8D.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name indicates the most important diagnostic character for the species, i. e. the structure of the mesopleura.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FF93353BFF1FFAD1FD75FA8D.taxon	distribution	Distribution. D. R. Congo, Zimbabwe (Map 10).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FF93353BFF1FFAD1FD75FA8D.taxon	biology_ecology	Hosts. Unknown. MAP 10. Distribution of N. pilosus and N. pleuralis	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FF943526FF1FFA4DFD20FB82.taxon	description	(Figs 159 – 166)	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FF943526FF1FFA4DFD20FB82.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. BOTH SEXES. Head and mesosoma usually blackish, with dark bronze and violet reflections (Figs 159 – 161, 163, 164, 166). Tibiae medially dark (Figs 159, 166). Head without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus (Fig. 161). POL about 1.1 – 1.3 × as long as OOL. Clypeal margin slightly emarginate (Fig. 161). Scutellum moderately convex, not globose (Figs 159, 166). Upper mesepimeron smooth (Fig. 163). Propodeum inclined, lateral surface as coarsely reticulate as metapleuron; spiracular sulci absent (Figs 163, 164). Fore wing length about 2.6 × width; speculum absent to very small (Fig. 165). FEMALE. Metasoma brownish-black, with the last 2 – 3 tergites orange (Figs 159, 160); flagellum with fu 1 – 4 brown, fu 5 – 6 and clava except tip dark brown (Fig. 162). Eye length at least slightly greater than malar space. Antenna filiform, clava only slightly wider than distal funicular segments, spicula short (Fig. 162); scape almost reaching level of vertex; second anellus transverse (Fig. 162). Fore wing disc pilosity dense (Fig. 165). Metasoma longer than head plus mesosoma, mostly reticulate-imbricate, alveolae much wider than long (Figs 159, 160). Posterior margin of gt 1 slightly sinuous (Fig. 160). MALE. Metasoma with large pale spot, base of gt 1 dark (Fig. 166). Each funicular segment of uniform width, long and thin, with several rows of moderately long setae, and separated from each other by almost indistinct tubular connections (Fig. 166).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FF943526FF1FFA4DFD20FB82.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype ♀ (BMNH). KENYA: “ Kenya: Coast Kwale or Kilifi Distr. 8. xii. 92, J. Mbaiplla ”, “ ex Chilo partellus on maize. ICIPE coll. 85 ”, “ Norbanus A. Polaszek 1993 ” [on triangular card]. Allotype ♂. MADAGASCAR: “ MADAGASCAR: Lac Alaotra, Stn Cala. col. 03. x. 88, ecl. 03. xi. 88, 9 / 34 ”, “ sur chaumes de riz ”, “ Norbanus, det. G. Delvare 1991 ” (BMNH). Additional paratypes. BOTSWANA: 1 ♀ “ Botswana (B 7), Kuke Pan 2100, 15. iv. 1972 ”, “ Southern African Exp. B. M. 1972 - 1 ”, “ Swept Poolside vegetation ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ Botswana (B 7), Kuke Pan, 20 ° 59 ’ S, 22 ° 25 ’ E, 14 – 15. iv. 1972 ”, “ Southern African Exp. B. M. 1972 - 1 ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ BOTSWANA: Serowe Farmer’s Brigade, III. 1987 MT, P. Forchhammer ” (CNC). KENYA: 1 ♀ (parasitoid pupal exuvia glued aside) “ Mangwei, 25.2.94 ”, “ Wild Sorg, Unkn. P. ”, “ Norbanus Polaszek det. 1994 ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ Kenya coast, Kilifi ”, “ Maize Mtwapa ”, “ 7266, 6. x. 92 ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ (parasitoid and host pupal exuviae glued aside) “ Kenya, Msabaha Res. Stn., 4 Dec. 1981, R. H. Markham ”, “ Reared from Chilo pupa ex maize, W. R. Ingram ”, “ Id. No. 28 ”, “ Norbanus sp. ♀, det. B. R. Subba Rao, 1982 ”, followed by a blue disc (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ KENYA Mtapa near Mombasa, malaise trap, XI / XII- 1992, Paul Lammers ”, “ Maize / Sorghum ”, “ BE. 37899 ” (RMNH). SOUTH AFRICA: 1 ♀ “ SOUTH AFRICA: Univ. Natal Ukulinga Res. Frm. 10 km SE. Pietermaritzburg. 8 – 12. II. 1986, R. M. Miller, grassland ”, “ Norbanus det Z. Bouček 1993 ” (CNC); 1 ♀ “ REPUBLIC SOUTH AFRICA, Transvaal, Hongony 500 m, 28 – 31. XII. 1985, W. R. Mason ” (CNC).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FF943526FF1FFA4DFD20FB82.taxon	description	Description. FEMALE (holotype). Colour. Head and mesosoma black, with a mixture of dark green, bronze and blue-violet metallic reflections, the latter more conspicuous on lateral surfaces of mesosoma (Figs 159 – 161, 164, 166, cf. Fig. 163); metasoma brownish-black, the last two tergites orange, ovipositor sheaths black (Figs 159, 160). Body pilosity short whitish (Fig. 161, cf. Fig. 163). Eyes red, ocelli brown (Fig. 161). Mandibles brown, teeth darker (Fig. 161). Antenna (Figs 161, 162) with scape (except base), pedicel, anelli and fu 1 – 4 brown, fu 5 – 6 and clava (except tip) dark brown; base of scape whitish, apex of clava and spicula light brown. Wings hyaline, tegulae light brown, venation darker (Fig. 165). Legs (Fig. 159) with coxae and hind femur as mesosoma; trochanters brown; fore and mid femora brown; fore tibia brown with light yellow knee and a strip of the same colour on kickface; mid tibia more extensively whitish to yellowish, the strip narrower; hind tibia with strip effaced, only with a brown band around middle of segment, partly effaced on foreface; fore tarsus light brown, mid and hind tarsi whitish to yellowish, distal half to entire last segment and claws light brown; arolia dark brown. Body length. 9 mm. Head without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus, mostly with shallow reticulation except lower face extensively and finely striated (striation not reaching toruli) and strongly reticulated scrobes (Fig. 161); area around posterior ocelli shiny. Clypeal margin shallowly emarginate (Fig. 161). Eye ovate, anterior and posterior margins not sinuous (Fig. 159). Gena with a weak lamina near mouth corner. Scrobes well defined, clearly visible both in dorsal and frontal view of the head (Fig. 161). Toruli with lower margins above lower margins of eyes (Fig. 161). Antenna (Fig. 162) with scape almost reaching vertex; both anelli transverse, equal in length; funicular segments longer than wide; clava gradually narrowing before the short spicula, sutures hardly visible, oblique; micropilosity area occupying more than half length of claval body. Relative measurements — head length: 37, width: 71, height: 55; POL: 11; OOL: 10; eye height: 33, length: 25; IOD: 40; eye length dorsally: 23; temple length dorsally: 8; malar space: 20; mouth width: 35; distance between clypeal margin and toruli: 26; scape length: 30; pedicel length: 5, width: 3; pedicel plus flagellum: 81; fu 1 length: 15, width: 3.5; fu 6 length: 6, width: 4.5; clava length: 13, width: 5. Mesosoma dorsally coarsely reticulate (Fig. 160). Notauli clearly visible, reaching about 2 / 3 length of mesoscutum (Fig. 160). Scutellum moderately convex (Fig. 159), frenal line absent, but frenal area with finer reticulation than rest of scutellum. Upper mesepimeron smooth (cf. Fig. 163). Metapleuron and dorsellum uniformly reticulate (Fig. 164). Propodeum inclined, uniformly reticulate except two small elongated depressions near its anterior margin submedially; spiracles large and elongate, spiracular sulci absent (Fig. 164); lateral surface of propodeum as coarsely reticulate as metapleuron (cf. Fig. 163). Fore wing (Fig. 165) with basal cell and basal fold glabrous; costal cell with several rows of pilosity on ventral surface; speculum small, not reaching beyond distal end of submarginal vein; disc covered with dense pilosity, area between stigmal vein and postmarginal vein pilose; wing pilosity including marginal fringe short; stigma hardly capitate. Relative measurements — mesosomal length: 81, width: 60, height: 61; mesoscutum length: 34; scutellum length: 30, width: 36; propodeum length: 15; fore wing length: 145, width: 55; M: 27; S: 11; P: 23. Metasoma acuminate (Figs 159, 160), about 1.2 × as long as head plus mesosoma, dorsally mostly reticulate-imbricate (alveolae wider than long) except for gt 1 which is mainly smooth (Fig. 160). Posterior margin of gt 1 slightly sinuous (Fig. 160). Ovipositor sheaths short, hardly visible in dorsal view (Fig. 160). Relative measurements — metasomal length: 145, width: 63; gt 1 length: 21; gt 7 length: 19, width: 16. MALE (allotype). Differs from the female holotype mainly as follows. Body length: 5 mm. Head and mesosoma lighter, with more distinct greenish and violet reflections (Fig. 166). Tibiae more extensively brown (Fig. 166). Metasoma brown except extensively yellow dorsally and ventrally in proximal 2 / 3; extreme base of gt 1 brownish (Fig. 166). Flagellum black (Fig. 166). Toruli much closer to median ocellus than to clypeal margin (Fig. 166). Each funicular segment of uniform width, long and thin, with several rows of moderately long setae, and separated from each other by almost indistinct tubular connections (Fig. 166); pedicel plus flagellum about 1.9 × head width; fu 1 length about 4.8 × width; clava not defined, distance between segments not shorter than distance between funicular segments (Fig. 166). Metasoma length about 2.1 × width, narrower and shorter than mesosoma (Fig. 166). Variation. FEMALES. Body length: 5.25 – 9.00 mm. One female from Botswana has the mesosoma more bluish-green than usual. Head width about 1.9 – 2.1 × length in dorsal view. POL about 1.1 – 1.3 × as long as OOL. Fu 1 length about 3.2 – 4.3 × width; fu 6 length 1.2 – 1.4 × width; clava length about 2.4 – 2.8 × width. In small specimens mesosoma is more elongated, notauli less distinct, and fore wings less densely pilose. Mesoscutum width about 1.6 – 1.9 × length. Speculum from virtually absent to very small, extending at most to parastigma. Marginal vein about 2.2 – 2.5 × as long as stigmal vein. Metasoma brownish-black, last 2 – 3 tergites orange, length about 2.2 – 2.5 × width. Gt 7 length from slightly shorter to slightly greater than maximum width.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FF943526FF1FFA4DFD20FB82.taxon	discussion	Comments. This species most closely resembles N. ingens, from which it differs mainly in body colour, and sculpture of metapleuron, lateral surfaces of propodeum and gastral tergites.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FF943526FF1FFA4DFD20FB82.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The new species is dedicated to Andy Polaszek, world specialist of Aphelinidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FF943526FF1FFA4DFD20FB82.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Botswana, Kenya, Madagascar, South Africa (Map 11).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FF943526FF1FFA4DFD20FB82.taxon	biology_ecology	Hosts. The Spotted Stalk Borer Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) on maize; also associated with an unknown species on wild sorghum (Poaceae).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FF893525FF1FFB41FD6CFA89.taxon	description	(Figs 167 – 172)	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FF893525FF1FFB41FD6CFA89.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. BOTH SEXES. Head and mesosoma blue-green; hind tibia yellow (Figs 167 – 169, 172). Setae on head and mesosoma not unusually thick (Figs 168, 169). Head without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus (Fig. 169). Clypeal margin slightly emarginate (Fig. 169). POL about 1.9 × as long as OOL. Eye height about 1.5 × length. Upper mesepimeron smooth (Fig. 167). Scutellum moderately convex, not globose (Figs 167, 172). Propodeum inclined (Figs 167, 172), spiracular sulci absent (cf. Fig. 11). Fore wing length at most about 2.5 × width; postmarginal vein about 1.7 × as long as stigmal vein; speculum large, reaching to stigmal vein; fore wing pilosity, including marginal fringe, very short, only setae on marginal vein and postmarginal vein longer (Fig. 171). FEMALE. Metasoma including ovipositor sheaths brown (Figs 167, 168). Clava darker than funicle (Fig. 170). Antennae inserted about level with lower margins of eyes; scape not exceeding median ocellus; second anellus transverse; clava wider than funicular segments, abruptly narrowing before spicula (Fig. 169). Metasoma about as long as head plus mesosoma, almost twice as long as wide (Figs 167, 168). Posterior margin of gt 1 strongly sinuous, median part strongly produced posteriorly; posterior margins of gt 2 and gt 3 also sinuous, although less strongly so (Fig. 168, cf. Fig. 150). MALE. Scape and pedicel dark brown, with slight metallic reflections and hence not contrasting with flagellum (Fig. 172). POL about 1.8 × as long as OOL. Scape exceeding level of vertex by about half scape length (cf. Fig. 21); funicular segments widened both proximally and distally, with two whorls of long setae each, and separated from each other by long tubular connections (Fig. 172); length of pedicel plus flagellum about 1.8 × head width. Mesoscutum width about 1.6 × length.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FF893525FF1FFB41FD6CFA89.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype ♀ (SANC). SOUTH AFRICA: “ SOUTH AFRICA, O. F. S. Tussen Die Riviere Res. nr. Bethulie, 30.30 S 26.12 E, 30. iii. – 3. iv. 1987, G. L. Prinsloo ”, “ NATIONAL COLL. OF INSECTS (SANC), Pretoria, South Africa ” [on rectangular card]. Allotype ♂. NAMIBIA: “ SOUTH WEST AFRICA, Gobabis: 11: 73, A. Watsham ” (BMNH). Additional paratypes. NAMIBIA: 2 ♀, same information as allotype (BMNH). SOUTH AFRICA: 1 ♀ same information as holotype (SANC); 1 ♀ “ SOUTH AFRICA, Tvl., D’Nyala Nat. Res., Ellisras District ”, “ 23.45 S 27.49 E, 850 m 24 – 26. ix. 1990, N. C. Pienaar ”, “ Collected by sweeping ”, “ Norbanus ”, “ NATIONAL COLL. OF INSECTS (SANC), Pretoria, South Africa ” (SANC). ZIMBABWE: 1 ♀ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, A. Watsham / WFU 16, 9 iii 74 ” (BMNH).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FF893525FF1FFB41FD6CFA89.taxon	description	Description. FEMALE (holotype). Head and most of mesosoma dark blue-green (Figs 167, 168, cf. Fig. 169). Metasoma including ovipositor sheaths brown (Figs 167, 168). Body pilosity whitish, moderately long and thin (Figs 168, cf. Fig. 169). Eyes red, ocelli yellowish (Figs 168, cf. Fig. 169). Mandibles yellow, teeth reddish-brown (cf. Fig. 169). Antenna (Fig. 170, cf. Fig. 169) with scape yellow, getting slightly darker in the distal half; pedicel light brown; flagellum except dark brown clava light brown. Wings hyaline, tegulae light brown, venation light brown (Fig. 171). Legs (Figs 167, 168) with coxae as mesosoma, but with less strong metallic reflections; trochanters yellowish-brown; femora brown, distal ends pale yellow; hind femur with slight metallic reflections; tibiae and most part of tarsi pale yellow; last tarsal segment light brown, arolia and claws dark brown. Body length. 3.25 mm. Head without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus, finely reticulate except lower face finely striated, striation almost reaching toruli (cf. Fig. 169). Clypeal margin very shallowly emarginate (cf. Fig. 169). Eye ovate, anterior and posterior margins not sinuous (Fig. 167). Gena with a weak lamina near mouth corner. Scrobes shallow, slightly visible in dorsal view of the head. Toruli with lower margins about level with lower margins of eyes (cf. Fig. 169). Antenna (Fig. 170) with scape reaching about middle of median ocellus (cf. Fig. 169); both anelli transverse, approximately equal in size; funicular segments longer than wide; clava ventrally abruptly narrowing before spicula, sutures hardly visible, oblique; micropilosity area occupying about 1 / 3 length of claval body. Relative measurements — head length: 28, width: 57, height: 50; POL: 13.5; OOL: 7; eye height: 29, length: 19; IOD: 34; eye length dorsally: 18; temple length dorsally: 4; malar space: 16.5; mouth width: 23; distance between clypeal margin and toruli: 20; scape length: 28; pedicel length: 5.5, width: 3; pedicel plus flagellum: 59; fu 1 length: 8, width: 3; fu 6 length: 5.5, width: 4; clava length: 14, width: 5. Mesosoma dorsally reticulate (Fig. 168). Notauli reaching about 2 / 3 length of mesoscutum (Fig. 168). Scutellum moderately convex (Fig. 167), frenal line absent, but frenal area with finer reticulation than rest of scutellum and covered by denser pilosity than rest of scutellum. Upper mesepimeron smooth (Fig. 167). Metapleuron and dorsellum uniformly reticulate. Propodeum inclined (Fig. 167), uniformly reticulate except two small depressions near its anterior margin submedially; spiracles oval, spiracular sulci absent (cf. Fig. 11). Fore wing (Fig. 171) with basal cell and basal fold glabrous; costal cell with one row of setae, and a few additional ones distally; speculum large, extending to stigmal vein; disc pilosity and marginal fringe extremely short, the latter barely visible on apical margin of wing; stigma hardly capitate. Relative measurements — mesosomal length: 65, width: 44, height: 44; mesoscutum length: 26; scutellum length: 24, width: 25; propodeum length: 10; fore wing length: 120, width: 48; M: 22; S: 9; P: 15. Metasoma ovate, about as long as head plus mesosoma, dorsally mostly reticulate-imbricate (alveolae wider than long) except for gt 1 which is mainly smooth (Figs 167, 168). Posterior margin of gt 1 strongly sinuous, not incised, with median part strongly produced posteriorly; posterior margins of gt 2 and gt 3 also slightly sinuous (Fig. 168, cf. Fig. 150). Ovipositor sheaths short, almost indistinct in dorsal view (Fig. 168). Relative measurements — metasomal length: 85, width: 47; gt 1 length: 14; gt 7 length: 6, width: 11. MALE (allotype). Differs from the female holotype mainly as follows. Body length: 2.5 mm. Colour of head and mesosoma lighter (Fig. 172). Metasoma brown except extensively whitish dorsally and ventrally in proximal half; base of gt 1 brownish (Fig. 172). Scape except lighter base brown, with slight metallic reflections; flagellum dark brown, connections between segments brown (Fig. 172). Toruli much closer to median ocellus than to clypeal margin (Fig. 172). Scape exceeding level of vertex by about half scape length (cf. Fig. 21); funicular segments widened both proximally and distally, mostly with two whorls of long whitish setae each, and separated from each other by long tubular connections; setae on funicular segments emerging at an acute angle to segment (Fig. 172); length of pedicel plus flagellum about 1.8 × head width. Mesoscutum width about 1.6 × length. Metasoma oval, length about twice width, shorter than head plus mesosoma and narrower than mesosoma (Fig. 172). Variation. FEMALES. Body length: 3.25 – 3.75 mm. Head in frontal view from slightly wider than high to almost round. Funicle yellow to light brown. Marginal vein about 2.4 – 2.6 × as long as stigmal vein, postmarginal vein about 1.5 – 1.7 × as long as stigmal vein.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FF893525FF1FFB41FD6CFA89.taxon	discussion	Comments. Similar to N. pilosus from which it differs mainly in having the postmarginal vein distinctly longer than the stigmal vein, the wing pilosity present, although very short, and the less conspicuous body pilosity. Because of the relatively long mesoscutum, the male somewhat resembles the males of N. seyrigi and N. tenuicornis; it can be separated from the males of the latter two species mainly by the reduced disc pilosity and marginal fringe, and the more robust habitus.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FF893525FF1FFB41FD6CFA89.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The new species is dedicated to Gerhard Prinsloo for his valuable contributions to the knowledge of the Afrotropical fauna of Hymenoptera.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FF893525FF1FFB41FD6CFA89.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe (Map 11).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FF893525FF1FFB41FD6CFA89.taxon	biology_ecology	Hosts. Unknown. MAP 11. Distribution of N. polaszeki and N. prinslooi	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FF8A3520FF1FFA48FE5CFE67.taxon	description	(Figs 173 – 178)	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FF8A3520FF1FFA48FE5CFE67.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. FEMALE. Head and mesosoma dark olive-green (Figs 173 – 176). Metasoma brown (Figs. 173, 174). Antenna yellow except dark brown clava (Fig. 177). Tibiae entirely yellow (Fig. 173). Head almost round in frontal view, width about 1.1 × height, without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus (Fig. 175). Clypeal margin slightly emarginate (Fig. 175). POL about 2.5 × OOL (Fig. 176). Temple about 0.2 × as long as eye in dorsal view. Eye narrow (Fig. 173), height about 1.7 × length. Antennae inserted about level with lower margins of eyes; second anellus transverse, longer than the first; clava slightly wider than fu 6, abruptly narrowing before spicula (Fig. 177). Upper mesepimeron smooth (Fig. 173). Scutellum slightly convex (Fig. 173). Propodeum inclined (Fig. 1730, spiracular sulci absent (cf. Fig. 11). Speculum large, reaching to stigmal vein; fringe on apical margin of fore wing present (Fig. 178). Metasoma about as long as head plus mesosoma (Figs 173), length about twice width. Posterior margin of gt 1 slightly sinuous (cf. Fig. 19).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FF8A3520FF1FFA48FE5CFE67.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype ♀ (CNC). BOTSWANA: “ BOTSWANA: Serowe Farmer’s Brigade, IX. 1987 MT, P. Forchhammer ” [on rectangular card]. Paratypes. BOTSWANA: 1 ♀, same information as holotype (CNC).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FF8A3520FF1FFA48FE5CFE67.taxon	description	Description. FEMALE (holotype). Colour. Head and mesosoma dark olive-green (Figs 173 – 176). Metasoma brown (Figs 173, 174). Body pilosity short whitish (Figs 173 – 176). Eyes red, ocelli whitish (Figs 175, 176). Mandibles reddish-yellow, teeth reddish-brown (Fig. 175). Antenna yellow except dark brown clava (fig. 177). Wings hyaline, tegulae and venation light brown, wing pilosity whitish (Fig. 178). Legs (Fig. 173) with all coxae as mesosoma; trochanters light brown; femora dark brown, paler at distal end; tibiae yellow; tarsi yellow, last segment light brown, arolia and claws darker. Body length. 2.75 mm. Head without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus, finely reticulate except lower face finely striated, striation laterally almost reaching toruli (Figs 175, 176). Clypeal margin very shallowly emarginate (Fig. 175). Eye narrow, anterior and posterior margins not sinuous (Fig. 173). Gena with a weak lamina near mouth corner. Scrobes moderately shallow, slightly visible in dorsal view of the head. Toruli with lower margins about level with lower margins of eyes (Fig. 175). Antenna (Fig. 177) with scape reaching upper edge of median ocellus; first anellus strongly transverse, the second clearly longer than the first; funicular segments longer than wide; clava ventrally abruptly narrowing before spicula, sutures hardly visible, oblique; micropilosity area occupying about 1 / 3 length of claval body. Relative measurements — head length: 27, width: 55, height: 49; POL: 15; OOL: 6; eye height: 30, length: 18; IOD: 32.5; eye length dorsally: 18; temple length dorsally: 3.5; malar space: 16.5; mouth width: 26; distance between clypeal margin and toruli: 19; scape length: 29; pedicel length: 6, width: 3; pedicel plus flagellum: 60; fu 1 length: 7, width: 3; fu 6 length: 6, width: 4; clava length: 14, width: 5. MAP 12. Distribution of N. rotundus and N. seyrigi Mesosoma dorsally coarsely reticulate (Fig. 174). Notauli reaching slightly beyond middle of mesoscutum (Fig. 174). Scutellum slightly convex (Fig. 173), frenal line absent, but frenal area with finer reticulation than rest of scutellum, covered by dense pilosity. Upper mesepimeron smooth (Fig. 173). Metapleuron and dorsellum uniformly reticulate. Propodeum inclined (Fig. 173), uniformly reticulate except two small depressions near its anterior margin submedially; spiracles oval, spiracular sulci absent (cf. Fig. 11). Fore wing (Fig. 178) with basal cell and basal fold glabrous; costal cell with several rows of setae on ventral surface; speculum large, extending to stigmal vein; wing pilosity including marginal fringe short; stigma moderately capitate. Relative measurements — mesosomal length: 60, width: 46, height: 40; mesoscutum length: 24; scutellum length: 23, width: 29; propodeum length: 12; fore wing length: 110, width: 49; M: 17; S: 10; P: 14. Metasoma ovate-acuminate, about as long as head plus mesosoma (Fig. 173), dorsally mostly reticulate-imbricate (alveolae wider than long) except for gt 1 which is mainly smooth (cf. Fig. 19). Posterior margin of gt 1 sinuous, not incised (cf. Fig. 19). Ovipositor sheaths short, slightly visible in dorsal view (Fig. 174). Relative measurements — metasomal length: 80, width: 41; gt 1 length: 18; gt 7 length: 6, width: 15. MALE. Unknown; based on the characters of the female, it should be very close to the males of N. africanus and N. caloramans. Variation. Not conspicuous in the available material.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FF8A3520FF1FFA48FE5CFE67.taxon	discussion	Comments. The species most closely resembles N. africanus and N. caloramans. From both species it differs in the much shorter OOL and narrower eyes. From N. caloramans it also differs in the colour of tibiae (entirely yellow in N. rotundus, brownish medially in N. caloramans).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FF8A3520FF1FFA48FE5CFE67.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name refers to the almost round head, as it appears in frontal view.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FF8A3520FF1FFA48FE5CFE67.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Botswana (Map 12).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FF8A3520FF1FFA48FE5CFE67.taxon	biology_ecology	Hosts. Unknown.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FF8F352CFF1FFDE2FE5CFCEA.taxon	description	(Figs 179 – 186)	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FF8F352CFF1FFDE2FE5CFCEA.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. BOTH SEXES. Head and mesosoma blue-green (Figs 179 – 182, 186); hind femur dark brown, hind tibia yellow (Figs 179, 186). Head without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus (Fig. 181). Clypeal margin very slightly emarginate, but appearing straight in frontal view of the head (Fig. 181). POL about 1.6 – 2.0 × OOL. Temple about 0.2 – 0.3 × eye length in dorsal view. Eye height about 1.2 – 1.3 × length, height about 1.5 – 1.7 × malar space; eye margins not sinuous (Fig. 179). Mesoscutum width about 1.2 – 1.5 × length (Fig. 180). Upper mesepimeron smooth (Fig. 179). Scutellum slightly convex (Figs 179, 186). Propodeum inclined (Figs 179, 186), spiracular sulci absent (cf. Fig. 11). Fore wing length about 2.5 – 2.8 × width; speculum large, reaching stigmal vein; marginal vein about 2.4 – 2.7 × as long as stigmal vein (Fig. 184). FEMALE. Metasoma brown, the metallic reflections usually not present or slight, confined mainly to apex and sides (Fig. 185); scape yellow to dark brown; flagellum uniformly yellow to dark brown (Fig. 183). Antennae inserted slightly to clearly above lower margins of eyes; scape reaching or exceeding level of vertex (Fig. 181); second anellus transverse; clava slightly wider than distal funicular segments (Fig. 183). Metasoma about as long as head plus mesosoma (Fig. 179); posterior margin of gt 1 straight to slightly sinuous (Fig. 185). MALE. Each funicular segment widened both proximally and distally, with two whorls of long setae each, and separated from each other mostly by long tubular connections (Fig. 186).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FF8F352CFF1FFDE2FE5CFCEA.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Lectotype ♀, designated here (MNHN). MADAGASCAR: “ Muséum Paris EY 6459 ”, “ MADAGASCAR Bekily, Reg Sud de L’Ile ”, “ Muséum Paris, IX. 38, Seyrig ”, “ Habrocytus Seyrigi Risbec / Pteromalidae 13 ” [Risbec’s handwriting], “ TYPE ”, “ Habrocytus seyrigi Risbec, G. Delvare det. 2011 ”, “ Lectotype ”, “ Norbanus seyrigi (Risbec), G. Delvare det. 2011 ” [on rectangular card]. Paralectotype. MADAGASCAR: 1 ♀ “ MADAGASCAR Bekily, Reg Sud de L’Ile ”, “ Muséum Paris, IX. 38, Seyrig ” (MNHN). Other material. BENIN: 1 ♀ “ BENIN Calavi, Ferme F. S. A. U. N. B., 22. I – 11. II. 1999, Piège malaise, Leg. Y. Jongema ” (RMNH). CAMEROON: 1 ♂ “ CAMEROON: Nkoemuon, von Cocoa, 7. ix. 80, D. Jackson ” (BMNH); 1 ♂ “ CAMEROON: Nkoemuon, 6 – 16.12.80, D. Jackson ” (BMNH); 1 ♂ “ CAMEROON: Nkoemuon, 24. viii – 7. ix. 1980, D. Jackson ” (BMNH). D. R. CONGO: 1 ♀ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, II / gd / 4, 8 - v- 1952, H. De Saeger. 3449 ” (MRAC); 10 ♀ and 7 ♂ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, II / gc / 7, 14 - viii- 52, H. De Saeger. 3940 ” (MRAC); 1 ♀ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, II / gd / 6, 19 - viii- 52, H. De Saeger. 3952 ” (MRAC); 1 ♀ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, Mabanga, 23 - ix- 1952, H. De Saeger. 4070 ” (MRAC); 1 ♀ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, II / gd / 4, 23 - viii- 52, H. De Saeger. 3967 ” (MRAC); 5 ♀ and 2 ♂ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, II / gd / 4, 25 - viii- 52, H. De Saeger. 3978 ” (MRAC); 1 ♀ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, II / gd / 4, 22 - viii- 52, H. De Saeger. 3964 ” (MRAC); 1 ♀ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, II / fd / 17, 25 - ix- 1952, H. De Saeger. 4083 ” (MRAC); 1 ♀ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, II / fd / 18, 8 - x- 1951, H. De Saeger. 2555 ” (MRAC); 1 ♀ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, II / ge / 6, 10 - vii- 1951, H. De Saeger. 2057 ” (MRAC); 1 ♀ “ Congo belge, P. N. A., vers Rweru, volc. Mikeno (Bambous), 2400 m, 3 - vii- 1934, G. F. de Witte: 469 ” (MRAC); 1 ♀ “ Congo belge, P. N. A., 9 - viii- 1954, P. Vanschuytbroeck & H. Synave 9952 - 55 ”, “ Massif Ruwenzori, riv. Kakalari, affl. Bombi, 1.725 m ” (MRAC); 1 ♀ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, Mt Moyo, 29 - vii- 52, H. De Saeger. 3844 ” (MRAC); 1 ♂ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, II / gc / 6, 9 - viii- 1951, Réc. H. De Saeger. 2243 ” (MRAC); 1 ♂ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, II / gd / 7 ”, 20 - ix- 1951, Réc. H. De Saeger. 2448 ” (MRAC). ETHIOPIA: 1 ♀ “ Gafarsa, ETHIOPIA, 8000 ’, 26. I. 1962, S. M. Clark ” (CNC). GABON: 1 ♀ “ GABON Ogooué Maritime, RABI KOUNGA old Shell c., malaise trap 1.57 S 9.54 E, surround by prim. forest, 8 – 15. III. 1994 J. J. Wierrenga ” (RMNH). GAMBIA: 1 ♀ “ W. AFR. GAMBIA, Fajara, 24. / i. 1978. L. Huggert ” (BMNH). IVORY COAST: 2 ♀ “ Côte d’Ivoire, Katiola-Coton, 23. I. 1981 malaise, leg. J. W. Everts c. s. ” (RMNH); 1 ♀ “ Côte d’Ivoire, Katiola-Coton, 6. III. 1981 malaise, leg. J. W. Everts c. s. ” (RMNH); 1 ♀ “ Côte d’Ivoire, Katiola-Coton, 13. III. 1980 malaise, leg. J. W. Everts c. s. ” (RMNH). KENYA: 3 ♀ “ KENYA: Nairobi, 22 / 11.1986 Bouček ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ KENYA: Nairobi, Karen, 13 / ii. 1986 Bouček ” (BMNH). SENEGAL: 1 ♂ “ JUILL. ”, “ SÉNÉGAL, Dakar ”, “ MUSÉUM PARIS, 1937, L. BERLAND ” (MNHN). SOMALIA: 2 ♀ “ SOMALIA: Mogadiscio, Lower Shabelli Valley 1 – 7 - IV. 1977, F. Bin Malaise trap ” (CNC). SOUTH AFRICA: 1 ♀ “ SOUTH AFRICA, Johannesburg viii, A. Watsham 74 / 17 / 8 ”, “ Norbanus ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ SOUTH AFRICA, Magaliesberg viii, A. Watsham 74 ”, “ Norbanus ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ S. Africa. R. E. Turner. Brit. Mus. 1923 - 140. ”, “ Queenstown, Cape Province. 3,500 ft. 16. i. – 10. ii. 1923 ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ SOUTH AFRICA, Vioolsdrift 12 / 73, A. Watsham ” (BMNH); 2 ♀ “ Zululand: Eshowe. June 1926. ”, “ S. Africa. R. E. Turner. Brit. Mus. 1926 - 277 ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ S. Africa. R. E. Turner. Brit. Mus. 1923 - 463. ”, “ Port St. John, Pondoland. Aug. 15 – 31.1923. ”, “ Norbanus ” [Bouček’s handwriting] (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ S. Africa. R. E. Turner. Brit. Mus. 1923 - 341. ”, “ Port St. John, Pondoland. June 1 – 11.1923. ” (BMNH); 2 ♀ “ SOUTH AFRICA, Somerset East, A. Watsham: 12: 73 ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ SOUTH AFRICA, Transvaal, Hongony, 28 – 31. XII. 1985, W. R. M. Mason ” (CNC); 1 ♀ “ S. Africa: Trans. 15 km. E. Klaserie, Guernsey Farm, 19 – 31. XII. 1985, W. Mason ”, “ ♀ Norbanus det Z. Bouček 1993 ” (CNC); 1 ♀ “ SOUTH AFRICA, Mbazwana, Ntl. iv. 1977, G. L. Prinsloo ”, “ NATIONAL COLL OF INSECTS (SANC), Pretoria, South Africa ” (SANC); 1 ♀ “ SOUTH AFRICA, Numbi Gate, Tvl., vi. 1976, R. Brown ”, “ NATIONAL COLL OF INSECTS (SANC), Pretoria, South Africa ” (SANC); 1 ♀ “ SOUTH AFRICA, Ndumu Res., Ntl. i. 1978, G. L. Prinsloo ”, “ NATIONAL COLL OF INSECTS (SANC), Pretoria, South Africa ” (SANC); 1 ♀ “ SOUTH AFRICA, Okahandja, ii. 1978, C. Kok ”, “ NATIONAL COLL OF INSECTS (SANC), Pretoria, South Africa ” (SANC); 1 ♀ “ SOUTH AFRICA, Lake Kosi, Ntl. i. 1978, G. L. Prinsloo ”, “ NATIONAL COLL OF INSECTS (SANC), Pretoria, South Africa ” (SANC); 3 ♀ “ SOUTH AFRICA, Letsitele Tvl. xi. 1978, GL Prinsloo ”, “ NATIONAL COLL OF INSECTS (SANC), Pretoria, South Africa ” (SANC); 1 ♀ “ SOUTH AFRICA: GAU, PPRI, Roodeplaat grounds near Pretoria, 25.36,7 S 28.21,5 E, 1220 m 04. ii. 1997, E. Grobbelaar & M. Stiller ”, “ Collected by D-vac from Acacia nilotica ”, “ NATIONAL COLL OF INSECTS (SANC), Pretoria, South Africa ” (SANC); 1 ♀ “ SOUTH AFRICA, Bathurst, C. P., i. 1979, G. L. Prinsloo ”, “ NATIONAL COLL OF INSECTS (SANC), Pretoria, South Africa ” (SANC); 1 ♀ “ SOUTH AFRICA, C. P., Baviaanskloof, 23. – 24. XI. 1983, GL Prinsloo, NC Grobbelaar ”, “ NATIONAL COLL OF INSECTS (SANC), Pretoria, South Africa ” (SANC); 1 ♀ “ SOUTH AFRICA, Tussen-die-Riviere, Nat. Res., OFS, nr. ”, “ Bethulie, i. 1994, G. L. Prinsloo ”, “ NATIONAL COLL. OF INSECTS (SANC) Pretoria, South Africa ” (SANC); 1 ♀ “ SOUTH AFRICA, TVL., Kruger Nat. Park, Skukuza, 24.59 S 31.35 E. 292 m., 14 – 17. i. 1985. G. L. Prinsloo ”, “ NATIONAL COLL. OF INSECTS (SANC), Pretoria, South Africa ” (SANC); 1 ♀ “ SOUTH AFRICA, Keurbooms River Mouth, C. P. ii. 1990, G. L. Prinsloo ”, “ NATIONAL COLL. OF INSECTS (SANC), Pretoria, South Africa ” (SANC); 1 ♀ “ SOUTH AFRICA, Mariepskop, Tvl. xi. 1987, G L Prinsloo ”, “ Norbanus ”, “ NATIONAL COLL. OF INSECTS (SANC) Pretoria, South Africa ” (SANC); 1 ♀ “ SOUTH AFRICA, Blyderivier Tvl. ii. 1977, G. L. Prinsloo ”, “ NATIONAL COLL. OF INSECTS (SANC), Pretoria, South Africa ” (SANC); 1 ♀ “ SOUTH AFRICA, TVL., Entabeni For. Res, 33.00 S 30.16 E. 7 – 11. i. 1987, G. L. Prinsloo ”, “ NATIONAL COLL. OF INSECTS (SANC), Pretoria, South Africa ” (SANC); 1 ♀ “ SOUTH AFRICA, TVL., Modjadji Nat Res, 23.38 S 30.20 E, 13 – 14. i. 1987, G. L. Prinsloo ”, “ NATIONAL COLL. OF INSECTS (SANC), Pretoria, South Africa ” (SANC); 1 ♀ “ SOUTH AFRICA, TVL. Soutpan, Pretoria Dist. 25.24 S 28.06 E. 21. III. 1990, N C Pienaar ”, “ NATIONAL COLL. OF INSECTS (SANC) Pretoria, South Africa ” (SANC). UGANDA: 1 ♂ “ UGANDA, Bussu Busoga, 1910, D. re. E Bayon ”, “ Picroscytus? ”, “ Museo Civico di Genova ” (MCSN). ZIMBABWE: 1 ♀ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, A. Watsham / WF 88, xi. 74 ” (BMNH); 2 ♀ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, A. Watsham / WFU 14, 2. iii. 74 ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, A. Watsham / v. 75 ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, A. Watsham / WFU 67, ix. 74 ” (BMNH); 2 ♀ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, A. Watsham / WFU 48, (vi) 74 ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, A. Watsham / WF. 2, 20 i 74 ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, A. Watsham / WFU 38, (v) 74 ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, A. Watsham / WF. 1, 19 i 74 ” (BMNH); 2 ♀ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, A. Watsham / WFU 23, iii. 74 ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, A. Watsham / WFU 15, 3. iii. 74 ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, A. Watsham / WF 78, ix. 74 ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, A. Watsham / WFU 14, (iii) 74 ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, A. Watsham / WF 8, (ii) 74 ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, A. Watsham / WFU 50, (vi) 74 ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, A. Watsham / v. 74 ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, A. Watsham / WF 88, xi. 74 ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, A. Watsham / WFU 37, v. 74 ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, A. Watsham / WF 96, xii. 74 ” (BMNH); 2 ♀ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, A. Watsham / WFU 42, (v) 74 ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, A. Watsham / WFU 53, (vi) 74 ” (BMNH); 2 ♀ “ RHODESIA, Makumbi mis., A. Watsham / WFU 36, (v) 74 ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ RHODESIA, Makumbi M., A. Watsham (v) 74 ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ RHODESIA: Salisbury, v. 1978, A. Watsham ” (BMNH); 1 ♂ “ RHODESIA: Salisbury, v. 1978, A. Watsham ” (MICO); 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ “ RHODESIA: Salisbury, Chishawasha, ii. 1976, A. Watsham ” (BMNH); 2 ♀ “ RHODESIA: Salisbury, Chishawasha, iv. 1978, A. Watsham ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ RHODESIA: Salisbury, Chishawasha, iv. 1978, A. Watsham ” (MICO); 1 ♀ “ RHODESIA: Salisbury, Chishawasha, ii. 1976, A. Watsham, WF 227 ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ ZIMBABWE: Chishawasha, 1975, A. Watsham ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ ZIMBABWE: Salisbury, Chishawasha, vi. 1980, A. Watsham ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, A. Watsham / WF. 146, iv. 75 ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, A. Watsham / WFU 51, (VI) 74 ”, “ Norbanus ♀ ”, “ NATIONAL COLL. OF INSECTS (SANC) Pretoria, South Africa ” (SANC); 2 ♂ “ RHODESIA: Salisbury, v. 1978, A. Watsham ” (BMNH); 1 ♂ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, A. Watsham / WF. 2, 20. i. 74 ” (BMNH); 1 ♂ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, A. Watsham / WFU 34, iv 74 ” (BMNH); 3 ♂ “ ZIMBABWE, nr. Harare, i. 1982, A. Watsham ” (BMNH); 1 ♂ “ ZIMBABWE, nr. Harare, xi. 1982, A. Watsham ” (BMNH).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FF8F352CFF1FFDE2FE5CFCEA.taxon	description	Redescription. FEMALE. Colour. Head and mesosoma blue-green (Figs 179 – 182). Metasoma usually brown, rarely blackish, mostly with slight metallic reflections confined to apex and sides (Fig. 185). Body pilosity short whitish (Figs 180 – 182). Eyes usually bright red, occasionally darker; ocelli light brown to reddish (Figs 181, 182). Mandibles reddish-yellow, teeth reddish-brown (Fig. 181). Antenna entirely yellow to dark brown, occasionally scape darker than flagellum and with some metallic reflections; clava rarely slightly darker than funicular segments (Fig. 183). Wings hyaline, tegulae, and venation mostly light brown, wing pilosity pale (Fig. 184). Legs (Fig. 179) with coxae as mesosoma, sometimes brownish ventrally; trochanters yellow to light brown; femora mainly brown, distally yellow; hind femur darker, mostly with distinct metallic reflections; tibiae and tarsi except last segment whitish to yellow; last tarsal segment light brown, arolia and claws dark brown. Body length. 1.50 – 3.75 mm. Head without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus, coarsely reticulate except lower face finely striated, striation not reaching toruli (Figs 181, 182). Head width about 1.8 – 1.9 × length and about 1.2 × height. Clypeal margin very shallowly emarginate, but appearing virtually straight in frontal view of the head (Fig. 181). Eye ovate, anterior and posterior margins not sinuous (Fig. 179), height about 1.2 – 1.3 × length. Eye height about 1.5 – 1.7 × length of malar space. Gena with a weak lamina near mouth corner. Temple about 0.2 × eye length in dorsal view. Scrobes very shallow, barely visible in dorsal view of the head (Fig. 182). POL about 1.6 – 2.0 × as long as OOL (OOL tends to be shorter in small specimens). Toruli with lower margins slightly (rarely) to distinctly (usually) above lower margins of eyes (Fig. 181). Antenna (Fig. 183) with scape usually exceeding level of vertex (Fig. 181), slightly longer than eye height; pedicel length about twice width; length of pedicel plus flagellum about 1.1 – 1.3 × head width; both anelli transverse, the second slightly longer than the first; funicular segments longer than wide, gradually but strongly widening and shortening towards clava; fu 1 length about 2.3 – 3.0 × width; fu 6 quadrate to about 1.2 × longer than wide; clava length about 2.5 × width, ventrally abruptly narrowing before spicula, sutures hardly visible, oblique; micropilosity occupying less than 1 / 3 length of claval body. Mesosoma dorsally coarsely reticulate (Fig. 180), length about 1.5 – 1.8 × width, width about equal to height. Mesoscutum width about 1.2 – 1.5 × length; notauli reaching half or slightly less than half length of mesoscutum (Fig. 180). Scutellum very slightly arched (Fig. 179), width about 1.3 × length, frenal line absent, but frenal area with finer reticulation than rest of scutellum. Upper mesepimeron smooth (Fig. 179). Metapleuron and dorsellum uniformly reticulate. Propodeum inclined (Fig. 179), about half length of scutellum, uniformly reticulate except two well impressed depressions near its anterior margin submedially; spiracles oval, spiracular sulci absent (cf. Fig. 11). Fore wing (Fig. 184) length about 2.5 – 2.8 × width; basal cell and basal fold glabrous; costal cell with a row of setae on ventral surface and several additional setae distally; speculum large, extending to stigmal vein; marginal vein about 2.4 – 2.7 × as long as stigmal vein and about 1.6 × as long as postmarginal vein; stigma moderately capitate; wing pilosity including marginal fringe short. Metasoma ovate, length about 2.2 – 2.7 × width, with almost parallel margins, from about as long as head plus mesosoma to about 1.1 × longer (Figs 179, 185), dorsally mostly reticulate-imbricate (alveolae wider than long) except gt 1, which is mainly smooth (Fig. 185). Posterior margin of gt 1 usually straight, rarely very slightly sinuous, not incised (Fig. 185); gt 1 length about 0.2 × length of metasoma; gt 7 width about 2.3 – 3.0 × length. Ovipositor sheaths short, not visible in dorsal view. Description. MALE. Differs from the female holotype mainly as follows. Body length: 1.7 – 2.8 mm. Head and mesosoma rarely with some violet reflections. Metasoma brown except extensively whitish dorsally and ventrally in proximal 1 / 2 – 2 / 3; base of gt 1 brownish (Fig. 186). Scape and pedicel brown to dark brown, mostly with metallic reflections (Fig. 186). Flagellum brown to dark brown (Fig. 186). Toruli much closer to median ocellus than to clypeal margin (Fig. 186). Scape exceeding level of vertex by about 1 / 2 – 1 / 3 scape length (cf. Figs 21, 50); funicular segments widened both proximally and distally, with two whorls of long setae each, and separated from each other by long tubular connections; setae on funicular segments emerging at an acute angle to segment (Fig. 186); length of pedicel plus flagellum about 1.7 – 2.2 × head width (small males tend to have longer antennae than larger males). Metasoma oval, length about 2 – 3 × width, slightly shorter than head plus mesosoma and narrower than mesosoma (Fig. 186).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FF8F352CFF1FFDE2FE5CFCEA.taxon	discussion	Comments. Norbanus seyrigi seems to be one of the most common species of the genus in the Afrotropical region. The male is described here for the first time. The species is somewhat similar to N. erebus, from which it differs mainly in the longer marginal vein, longer mesoscutum and lighter body colour. It is also very close to N. tenuicornis Bouček (see comments for that species). Small specimens tend to have the body more elongate than larger specimens.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FF8F352CFF1FFDE2FE5CFCEA.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Benin, Cameroon, D. R. Congo, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Madagascar, Senegal, Somalia, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe (Map 12).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FF8F352CFF1FFDE2FE5CFCEA.taxon	biology_ecology	Hosts. Unknown.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FF83352BFF1FFC64FE5CFA2A.taxon	description	(Figs 187 – 194)	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FF83352BFF1FFC64FE5CFA2A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. BOTH SEXES. Head and mesosoma blackish, mostly with golden-coppery reflections dorsally (Figs 187 – 190, 193); fore and mid tibiae medially brown, hind tibia entirely pale yellow (fig. 187). Head without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus (Fig. 189). Clypeal margin slightly emarginate (Fig. 189). Scutellum moderately convex, not globose (Figs 187, 193). Anterior part of metapleuron with very shallow sculpture, shiny (cf. Fig. 86). Spiracular sulci present (cf. Fig. 103). Basal cell glabrous; marginal vein about 2.3 – 2.4 × as long as stigmal vein (Fig. 192). FEMALE. Metasoma mainly dark brown, reddish at base (Figs 187, 188); antenna with flagellum reddish-brown, fu 5 – 6 and clava except ventral surface, conspicuously darker (Fig. 191). Body setae long (Figs 187 – 190). Vertex and area around ocelli almost smooth, but sculpture visible even if hardly raised (Fig. 190). Scape not reaching level of vertex (Fig. 189). Second anellus quadrate (Fig. 191). Metasoma length about 2.0 – 2.4 × width. Posterior margin of gt 1 with a double incision (Fig. 188). MALE. Scape exceeding level of vertex by about 1 / 3 – 1 / 4 scape length (cf. Fig. 50); each funicular segment of uniform width, long and thin, not conspicuously widened proximally and distally, more or less uniformly covered by long setae; segments separated from each other by short tubular connections (Fig. 194).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FF83352BFF1FFC64FE5CFA2A.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype ♀ (RMNH). ZIMBABWE: “ ZIMBABWE Rekomitjie Res. Stat. malaise 16 10 ’ s. 29 25 ’ e. alt. 500 – 600 m. ”, “ C. A. Groenendijk, 13 / 5 – 26 / 5 1992 ” (RMNH) [on rectangular card]. Allotype ♂. ZIMBABWE: same information as holotype (RMNH). Additional paratypes. SOUTH AFRICA: 1 ♀ “ S. Africa. R. E. Turner. Brit. Mus. 1923 - 332 ”, “ Port St. John, Pondoland. May 15 – 31. 1923 ”, “ Picroscytoides ” (BMNH); 2 ♂ “ S. Zululand: Gingindhlovu. 22. v. 1926. ”, “ S. Africa. R. E. Turner. Brit. Mus. 1926 - 232 ” (BMNH); 1 ♂ “ Zululand: Gingindhlovu. 29. iv. 1926. ”, “ S. Africa. R. E. Turner. Brit. Mus. 1926 - 194 ” (BMNH); 1 ♂ “ Zululand: Gingindhlovu. 15. vi. 1926. ”, “ S. Africa. R. E. Turner. Brit. Mus. 1926 - 277 ” (BMNH); 1 ♂ “ S. Africa. R. E. Turner. Brit. Mus. 1923 - 286 ”, “ Port St. John, Pondoland. April 5 – 30. 1923. ” (BMNH); 1 ♂ “ S. Africa. R. E. Turner. Brit. Mus. 1923 - 332 ”, “ Port St. John, Pondoland. May 15 – 31. 1923. ” (BMNH). Other material. SOUTH AFRICA: 1 ♂ “ S. Zululand: Gingindhlovu. 22. v. 1926. ”, “ S. Africa. R. E. Turner. Brit. Mus. 1926 - 232 ” (BMNH); 1 ♂ “ Durban. F. Muir. 1905 - 313. ”, “ Sharp Coll. 1905 - 313. ” (BMNH); 1 ♂ “ SOUTH AFRICA, NATAL, Cape Vidal, 28.10 S 32.32 E. 13. i. 1981, G. L. Prinsloo ”, “ NATIONAL COLL. OF INSECTS (SANC), Pretoria, South Africa ” (SANC).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FF83352BFF1FFC64FE5CFA2A.taxon	description	Description. FEMALE (holotype). Colour. Head and mesosoma blackish, mostly with golden-coppery reflections dorsally (Figs 187 – 190). Metasoma dark brown, reddish at base (Figs 187, 188). Body pilosity long, whitish (Figs 187 – 190). Eyes pale red, ocelli reddish-brown (Figs 189, 190). Mandibles reddish-brown, teeth darker. Antenna with scape dark brown, yellowish-brown at base; pedicel dark brown (Fig. 189); flagellum reddish-brown, fu 5 – 6 and clava except ventral surface, conspicuously darker (Fig. 191). Wings hyaline, tegulae, venation and pilosity brown (Fig. 192). Legs (Fig. 187) with all coxae as mesosoma; trochanters brown; fore and mid femora dark brown, distally yellow; hind femur except lighter distal end as mesosoma; fore and mid tibiae medially brown, hind tibia entirely pale yellow; tarsi mainly pale yellow, last tarsal segment, arolia and claws light brown. Body length. 5.25 mm. Head without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus, finely reticulate except lower face finely striated (striation not reaching toruli), and coriaceous and mostly shiny vertex and area around ocelli (Figs 189, 190). Clypeal margin shallowly emarginate (Fig. 189). Eye ovate, anterior and posterior margins not sinuous (Fig. 187). Gena with a weak lamina near mouth corner. Scrobes moderately deep, visible in dorsal view of the head (Fig. 190). Toruli with lower margins above lower margins of eyes (Fig. 189). Antenna (Fig. 191) with scape reaching lower edge of median ocellus (Fig. 189); first anellus transverse, the second quadrate; funicular segments longer than wide; clava ventrally gradually narrowing before spicula, sutures hardly visible, oblique; micropilosity area occupying almost half length of claval body. Relative measurements — head length: 31, width: 64, height: 51; POL: 11; OOL: 10; eye height: 31.5, length: 22; IOD: 39; eye length dorsally: 20.5; temple length dorsally: 6; malar space: 18; mouth width: 30; distance between clypeal margin and toruli: 22; scape length: 27; pedicel length: 5, width: 3; pedicel plus flagellum: 63; fu 1 length: 11, width: 4; fu 6 length: 5, width: 4; clava length: 10.5, width: 4. MAP 13. Distribution of N. sunabron and N. tenuicornis Mesosoma dorsally coarsely reticulate (Fig. 188). Notauli reaching about half length of mesoscutum (Fig. 188). Scutellum moderately convex (Fig. 187), frenal line absent, but frenal area with finer reticulation than rest of scutellum. Upper mesepimeron smooth (Fig. 187). Anterior part of metapleuron with very shallow sculpture, shiny (cf. Fig. 86). Dorsellum uniformly reticulate. Propodeum inclined (Fig. 187), uniformly reticulate except two small depressions near its anterior margin submedially; spiracles oval, spiracular sulci conspicuous (cf. Fig. 103). Fore wing (Fig. 192) with basal cell and basal fold glabrous; costal cell with several rows of setae on ventral surface, mostly in distal half; speculum large but narrow behind parastigma, extending behind marginal vein and reaching stigmal vein; wing pilosity including marginal fringe short; stigma hardly capitate. Relative measurements — mesosomal length: 66, width: 55, height: 44; mesoscutum length: 27; scutellum length: 23, width: 32; propodeum length: 13; fore wing length: 120, width: 47; M: 22; S: 10; P: 15. Metasoma ovate, about as long as head plus mesosoma, dorsally mostly reticulate-imbricate (alveolae wider than long or isodiametric) except gt 1, which is virtually smooth (Figs 187, 188). Posterior margin of gt 1 with a double incision (Fig. 188). Ovipositor sheaths short, slightly visible in dorsal view (Fig. 188). Relative measurements — metasomal length: 104, width: 43; gt 1 length: 15; gt 7 length: 9, width: 8.5. MALE (allotype). Differs from the female holotype mainly as follows. Body length: 3 mm. Head with slight greenish reflections. Flagellum dark brown (Fig. 194). Metasoma dark brown except extensively whitish dorsally and ventrally in proximal 3 / 4; extreme base of gt 1 brownish (Fig. 193). Toruli much closer to median ocellus than to clypeal margin. Scape exceeding level of vertex by about 1 / 3 – 1 / 4 scape length (cf. Fig. 50); both anelli transverse; each funicular segment of uniform width, long and thin, not conspicuously widened proximally and distally, more or less uniformly covered by long setae emerging mostly at a right angle to segment, and separated from each other by short tubular connections (Fig. 194); pedicel plus flagellum about 1.6 × head width; fu 1 length about 4 × width; fu 6 length about 2.8 × width; clava with segments more closely compacted than funicular segments (Fig. 194), length about 4.8 × width, but not wider than fu 6. Metasoma length about 1.7 × width, shorter and narrower than mesosoma (Fig. 193). Variation. FEMALES. Body length: 5.25 – 7.00 mm. Metallic reflections on head and mesosoma sometimes weak. POL equal to slightly larger than OOL. Fu 1 length 2.75 – 3.75 × width. Metasoma length about 2.0 – 2.4 × width. MALES. Body length: 3 – 4 mm. Pale spot on metasoma from whitish to yellow and occupying about 3 / 4 – 4 / 5 length of metasoma. Scape exceeding level of vertex by about 1 / 3 – 1 / 4 scape length. Metasoma length about 1.7 – 2.5 × width.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FF83352BFF1FFC64FE5CFA2A.taxon	discussion	Comments. Females of this species are very close to females of N. maliarphae, from which they can be separated mainly by the characters given in the key. Three males are excluded from the type series mainly because the setae on the funicular segments emerge at an acute angle to segment.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FF83352BFF1FFC64FE5CFA2A.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name is an anagram of the word Norbanus.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FF83352BFF1FFC64FE5CFA2A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. South Africa, Zimbabwe (Map 13).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FF83352BFF1FFC64FE5CFA2A.taxon	biology_ecology	Hosts. Unknown.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FF843516FF1FFA24FAB4FCC8.taxon	description	(Figs 195 – 200)	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FF843516FF1FFA24FAB4FCC8.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. BOTH SEXES. Head and mesosoma blue-green (Figs 195 – 197, 200); antenna mostly uniformly brown except paler proximal part of scape, anelli and distal part of clava (Figs 197, 198). Femora dark brown, with metallic reflections; mid and hind tibiae medially dark (Figs 195, 200). Head without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus (Fig. 197). Clypeal margin very slightly emarginate, but appearing virtually straight or even slightly curved in frontal view of the head (Fig. 197). POL about 1.7 × OOL. Temple about 0.3 – 0.4 × eye length in dorsal view. Eye height about 1.2 – 1.3 × length, height about 1.2 – 1.4 × malar space; anterior and posterior eye margins not sinuous (Fig. 195). Mesoscutum width about 1.3 × length (Fig. 196). Upper mesepimeron smooth (Fig. 195). series slightly convex, not globose (Fig. 195). Propodeum inclined (Fig. 195), spiracular sulci absent. Fore wing (Fig. 199) length about 2.2 – 2.5 × width; speculum large, reaching stigmal vein; marginal vein about 2.0 – 2.4 × as long as stigmal vein. FEMALE. Metasoma blackish, with conspicuous metallic reflections (Figs 195, 196). Antennae inserted above lower margins of eyes (Fig. 197); scape exceeding vertex; second anellus transverse; clava slightly wider than distal funicular segments (Fig. 198). Metasoma about as long as head plus mesosoma (Figs 195, 196); posterior margin of gt 1 virtually straight (Fig. 196). MALE. Each funicular segment widened both proximally and distally, with two whorls of long setae each, and separated from each other mostly by long tubular connections (Fig. 200).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FF843516FF1FFA24FAB4FCC8.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype ♀ (BMNH). ITALY: “ Italia: Ortovero nr. Albenga, 5. X. 69 Bouček ”, “ Holotypus ♀ Norbanus tenuicornis Bouček 1970 ”, “ Presented to BMNH 1974, Z. Bouček ”, “ B. M. TYPE HYM 5.2329 ” [on rectangular card]. Other material (Afrotropical). D. R. CONGO: 1 ♀ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, Napukumweli, 6 - ix- 1950, Réc. G. Demoulin. 806 ” (MRAC); 1 ♂ “ Congo Belge, P. N. G., Miss H. De Saeger, II / gd / 4, 25 - viii- 52, H. De Saeger. 3978 ” (MRAC); 1 ♂ “ Congo Belge, P. N. A., 15 - x- 1952, P. Vanschuytbroeck & J. Kekenbosch 1314 ”, “ Massif Ruwenzori, Bomboka près Kyandolire 1.650 m ” (MRAC). MADAGASCAR: 1 ♀ “ Soavina ”, “ Institut Scientifique Madagascar ”, “ Muséum Paris Collection ORSTOM ” (MNHN). SOUTH AFRICA: 1 ♀ “ SOUTH AFRICA, Barberton Tvl. xii. 1978, G. L. Prinsloo ”, “ NATIONAL COLL OF INSECTS (SANC), Pretoria, South Africa ” (SANC); 1 ♀ “ SOUTH AFRICA, Letsitele Tvl. xi. 1978, GL Prinsloo ”, “ NATIONAL COLL OF INSECTS (SANC), Pretoria, South Africa ” (SANC); 1 ♀ “ SOUTH AFRICA, Blyderivier Tvl. ii. 1977, G. L. Prinsloo ”, “ NATIONAL COLL. OF INSECTS (SANC), Pretoria, South Africa ” (SANC); 2 ♂ “ SOUTH AFRICA: Transvaal, near God’s Window, 15. XII. 1985, M. Sanborne ” (CNC); 1 ♂ “ SOUTH AFRICA, Hekpoort (i) 74, A. Watsham ” (BMNH). ZIMBABWE: 1 ♀ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, A. Watsham / WF. 147, iv. 75 ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, A. Watsham / WFU 23, iii. 74 ” (BMNH); 1 ♀ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, A. Watsham / WFU 42, (v) 74 ” (BMNH); 1 ♂ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, A. Watsham / WFU 68, ix 74 ” (BMNH); 1 ♂ “ RHODESIA, Salisbury, A. Watsham / WFU 20, iii 74 ” (BMNH).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FF843516FF1FFA24FAB4FCC8.taxon	description	Redescription. FEMALE (based on Afrotropical material). Colour. Head and mesosoma blue-green (Figs 195 – 197). Metasoma dark brown to black, with distinct metallic reflections (Figs 195, 196). Body pilosity short whitish (Figs 196, 197). Eyes dark red; ocelli light reddish-brown (Figs 196, 197). Mandibles brown, teeth darker (Fig. 197). Antenna mostly uniformly brown to dark brown except lighter anelli and proximal part of scape (Figs 197, 198). Wings hyaline, tegulae and venation light brown, wing pilosity pale (Fig. 199). Legs (Fig. 195) with all coxae as mesosoma; trochanters light brown; femora dark brown, with distinct metallic reflections, distally yellow; fore tibia yellowish-brown, mid and hind tibiae medially brown with yellow apices; tarsi except last segment yellow; last segment, arolia and claws brown. Body length. 1.9 – 2.5 mm. Head without distinct elevation between eye and posterior ocellus, coarsely reticulate except lower face finely striated, striation not reaching toruli (Fig. 197). Head width about 1.7 × length and about 1.2 × height. Clypeal margin very shallowly emarginate, but appearing virtually straight or even slightly curved in frontal view of the head (Fig. 197). Eye ovate, anterior and posterior margins not sinuous (Fig. 195), height about 1.2 – 1.3 × length. Eye height about 1.2 – 1.4 × malar space. Gena with a weak lamina near mouth corner. Temple about 0.3 – 0.4 × eye length in dorsal view. Scrobes very shallow, almost indistinct in dorsal view of the head. POL about 1.7 × as long as OOL. Toruli with lower margins slightly to distinctly above lower margins of eyes (Fig. 197). Antenna (Fig. 198) with scape reaching slightly to distinctly above level of vertex (Fig. 197), slightly to distinctly longer than eye height; pedicel length about twice width; length of pedicel plus flagellum about 1.3 × head width; both anelli transverse, about equal in length; funicular segments longer than wide, gradually but strongly widening and shortening towards clava; fu 1 length about 2.2 – 2.8 × width; fu 6 about 1.3 × longer than wide; clava length about 2.7 × width, ventrally abruptly narrowing before spicula, sutures hardly visible, oblique; micropilosity area occupying more than 1 / 3 length of claval body. Mesosoma dorsally coarsely reticulate (Fig. 196), length about 1.8 × width, width about equal to height. Mesoscutum width about 1.3 × length; notauli reaching slightly more than half length of mesoscutum (Fig. 196). Scutellum very slightly arched (Fig. 195), about as long as broad, frenal line absent, but frenal area with finer reticulation than rest of scutellum. Upper mesepimeron smooth (Fig. 195). Metapleuron and dorsellum uniformly reticulate. Propodeum inclined (Fig. 195), about 0.6 × length of scutellum, uniformly reticulate except two well impressed depressions near its anterior margin submedially; spiracles oval, spiracular sulci absent (cf. Fig. 11). Fore wing (Fig. 199) length about 2.2 – 2.5 × width; basal cell and basal fold glabrous; costal cell with a row of setae on ventral surface and several additional ones distally; speculum large, extending to stigmal vein; marginal vein about 2.0 – 2.4 × as long as stigmal vein and about 1.5 × as long as postmarginal vein; stigma moderately capitate; wing pilosity including marginal fringe short. Metasoma ovate, with almost parallel margins or slightly widening distally, length about 2.1 – 2.4 × width, from about as long as head plus mesosoma to slightly shorter, dorsally mostly reticulate-imbricate (alveolae wider than long) except gt 1, which is mainly smooth (Figs 195, 196). Posterior margin of gt 1 virtually straight, not incised (Fig. 196); gt 1 length about 0.2 × length of metasoma; gt 7 width about 2.4 – 2.7 × length. Ovipositor sheaths short, not visible in dorsal view (Fig. 196). Description. MALE. Differs from the female holotype mainly as follows. Head and mesosoma occasionally green, with some golden-coppery reflections. Body length: 1.75 – 2.50 mm. Metasoma brownish-black, with distinct metallic reflections, except extensively whitish to yellowish dorsally and ventrally in proximal half or slightly less; base of gt 1 brownish (Fig. 200). Scape and pedicel brown to dark brown, mostly with metallic reflections; flagellum brown to dark brown (Fig. 200). Toruli much closer to median ocellus than to clypeal margin (Fig. 200). Scape exceeding level of vertex by about 1 / 3 or slightly more scape length (cf. Fig. 50); funicular segments widened both proximally and distally, with two whorls of long setae each, and separated from each other by long tubular connections; setae on funicular segments emerging at an acute angle to segment (Fig. 200); length of pedicel plus flagellum about 1.7 – 2.1 × head width. Metasoma oval, length about 2.6 – 3.0 × width, slightly shorter than head plus mesosoma and narrower than mesosoma (Fig. 200).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FF843516FF1FFA24FAB4FCC8.taxon	discussion	Comments. Norbanus tenuicornis was previously recorded only from the Mediterranean basin (Italy and Spain, including the Canary Islands). The male is described here for the first time. The species differs from N. seyrigi mainly in the dark mid and hind tibiae, smaller eyes, larger temples, and wider fore wings, with marginal vein shorter relative to stigmal vein. It is possible that N. tenuicornis is only a darker colour morph of N. seyrigi, but until more specimens (including from the Palaearctic) are examined, I prefer to keep the two species separate. Another possibility is that these specimens belong to a different species from both N. tenuicornis and N. seyrigi, but probably only molecular data could clarify this.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FF843516FF1FFA24FAB4FCC8.taxon	distribution	Distribution. D. R. Congo, Madagascar, South Africa, Zimbabwe (Map 13); for Palaearctic records see Rizzo & Mitroiu (2010).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FF843516FF1FFA24FAB4FCC8.taxon	biology_ecology	Hosts. Unknown; “ probably a grass inhabitant ”, according to Bouček (1970: 61). Extralimital species of Norbanus (North Africa) The three species that follow are recorded from North Africa, with Norbanus guyoni being endemic to that region. The two other species are widely distributed in the Palaearctic region. They are included in the key to the Afrotropical species in case they will be introduced to or encountered at the border of the Afrotropical region.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFB93516FF1FFC14FD89F8E9.taxon	description	(Figs 201 – 204)	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFB93516FF1FFC14FD89F8E9.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Lectotype ♀, designated here (MCSN). ITALY: " Is. Giglio, G. Doria, VII. 1901 ", " Picroscytoides cerasiops ♀ cotypi! Ms. ", " LECTOTYPUS ♀ Picroscytoides cerasiops Masi, M. Mitroiu DET. ", " Norbanus cerasiops (Masi) ♀, det. M. Mitroiu, 2011 ". Paralectotypes. ITALY: 1 ♀, " Is. Giglio, G. Doria, VII. 1901 ", “ PARALECTOTYPUS ♀, Picroscytoides cerasiops Masi, M. Mitroiu DET. ", " Norbanus cerasiops (Masi) ♀, det. M. Mitroiu, 2011 " (MCSN); 2 ♂ “ Syntype ”, “ Picroscytoides cerasiops Masi, 1922 ”, “ Is. Giglio, VII. 1901, G. Doria ”, “ Museo Civico di Genova ”, “ PARALECTOTYPUS ♂, Picroscytoides cerasiops Masi, M. Mitroiu DET. ", " Norbanus cerasiops (Masi) ♂, det. M. Mitroiu, 2011 " (MCSN); 2 ♂ “ Syntype ”, “ Picroscytoides cerasiops Masi, 1922 ”, “ Is. Giglio, VII. 1902, G. Doria ”, “ Museo Civico di Genova ”, “ PARALECTOTYPUS ♂, Picroscytoides cerasiops Masi, M. Mitroiu DET. ", " Norbanus cerasiops (Masi) ♂, det. M. Mitroiu, 2011 " (MCSN); 1 antenna “ Syntype ”, “ Antenna di Picroscytoides cerasiops Ms. ♂ Is. Giglio ” (MCSN). Other material (North Africa). MOROCCO: 2 ♀ and 4 ♂ “ Picroscytoides cerasiops Masi, Ch. Ferriere det. ”, “ Morocco, Rabat, VII. 1936, M. Bremond, Ex. larva of Lixus No. 3 ”, “ Pres. by Imp. Inst. Ent., BM 1937 - 132 ” (BMNH).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFB93516FF1FFC14FD89F8E9.taxon	discussion	Comments. This species was treated in detail by Rizzo & Mitroiu (2010). However, a lectotype was not designated then because the entire type series could not be examined. In the meantime, this was accomplished and a lectotype is now designated.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFB93516FF1FFC14FD89F8E9.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Extralimital: Morocco, Europe, Kazakhstan, China (Rizzo & Mitroiu, 2010).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFB93516FF1FFC14FD89F8E9.taxon	biology_ecology	Hosts. See Rizzo & Mitroiu (2010).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFBB3515FF1FF9C5FD89FF62.taxon	description	(Figs 209 – 218)	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFBB3515FF1FF9C5FD89FF62.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. ALGERIA: 1 ♀ “ Picroscytoides guyoni (Giraud), Z. Bouček det. 1972 ”, “ Biskra, Algeria, galls Limoniastrum guyonianum ex. 23. IV. 1904, Wism. 1910 - 166 ” (BMNH). LIBYA: 2 ♂ “ Picroscytoides guyoni (Giraud), Z. Bouček det. 1973 ”, “ Cyrenaica: Bersis (W of Tocra) 26. VII. 1957 ”, “ K. M. Guichard, BM 1957 - 669 ” (BMNH). TUNISIA: 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ “ MUSEUM PARIS, TUNISIE, TOZEUR, C. DUMONT 1921 ”, “ Limoniastrum, 10.7.21 ”, “ Norbanus guyoni (Giraud), det. M. Mitroiu 2011 ” (MNHN).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFBB3515FF1FF9C5FD89FF62.taxon	discussion	Comments. The species was redescribed in Rizzo & Mitroiu (2010).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFBB3515FF1FF9C5FD89FF62.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Extralimital: Algeria, Libya (Rizzo & Mitroiu, 2010); Tunisia (new record).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFBB3515FF1FF9C5FD89FF62.taxon	biology_ecology	Hosts. See Rizzo & Mitroiu (2010).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFBA3515FF1FFB7AFD89F901.taxon	description	(Figs 205 – 208)	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFBA3515FF1FFB7AFD89F901.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Paralectotypes. ITALY: 1 ♀ “ Paralectotype ”, “ Picroscytoides obscurus Ms. Cotypi! ♀ ♂ ”, “ Is. Giglio, VII. 1902, G. Doria ”, “ Museo Civico di Genova ” (MCSN); 2 ♂ “ Picroscytoides obscurus Masi PLT det. Z. Bouček, 1990 ”, “ Is. Giglio, VII. 1902, G. Doria ”, “ Museo Civico di Genova ” (MCSN). Other material (North Africa). ALGERIA: 1 ♀ “ Picroscytoides obscurus Masi, det. Z. Bouček 1978 ”, “ Algeria: Tadjerouna, V. 1943 ”, “ K. M. Guichard, BM 1945 - 39 ” (BMNH).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFBA3515FF1FFB7AFD89F901.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Extralimital: Algeria, Europe, Syria, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan (Rizzo & Mitroiu, 2010).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
038D3101FFBA3515FF1FFB7AFD89F901.taxon	biology_ecology	Hosts. See Rizzo & Mitroiu (2010).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan (2015): Revision of the Afrotropical species of Norbanus Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Zootaxa 3969 (1): 1-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3969.1.1
