identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
038A5B551704FFEEFF3540198EBAFC15.text	038A5B551704FFEEFF3540198EBAFC15.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Brephulopsis cylindrica (Menke 1828)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Brephulopsis cylindrica (Menke, 1828)</p>
            <p> Despite the fact that by the middle of the 20th century, the rercords of  B. cylindrica were known not only in the south of Ukraine outside the Crimean peninsula (see below), but also in Moldova, the vicinity of Novorossiysk, Anapa and Sukhumi (Likharev &amp; Rammelmeyer, 1952), the natural range of this species is usually considered limited to the Crimea (Schileyko, 1984; Vychalkovskaya, 2008). In particular, there is no fossil evidence of the presence of  B. cylindrica in the Northern Black Sea region (Kunitsa, 1974). </p>
            <p> Already at the beginning of the 20th century, some finds of  B. cylindrica were described from Odesa (collected in 1902), as well as from the territory of the present Kherson </p>
            <p> (St. Gregory Biziukiv Monastery near Chervonyi Maiak) and Zaporizhzhia (Kamianka-Dniprovska) Regions (Lindholm, 1908). With the exception of the port city of Odesa, these sites were located along the Dnipro River, and since the 1950s, along the banks of the Kakhovka Reservoir. It is interesting that in the monographs on land mollusks of the former Soviet Union published later (Likharev &amp; Rammelmeyer, 1952; Schileyko, 1984),  B. cylindrica is mentioned for Ukraine only from Crimea and Odesa. In 1978,  B. cylindrica was found in Askania-Nova (Korniushin, 1986), Kherson Region, along with two more species of land mollusks brought from the Crimea: Oxychilua deilus (Bourguignat, 1857) and  Monacha fruticola , see below. </p>
            <p> Now  B. cylindrica can be considered widespread in the south of Ukraine (Gural-Sverlova, 2018), especially along the coasts of the Black and Azov seas and along the lower reaches of the Dnipro River, northward to Zaporizhzhia (fig. 1). The northernmost known finds of this species in Ukraine have so far been made in Kyiv (Vychalkovskaya, 2008) and Rivne (iNaturalist, 2024); outside Ukraine — in Minsk (Belarus), where this species is recorded locally since the end of 2021 (iNaturalist, 2024). </p>
            <p> In western Ukraine, a large population of  B. cylindrica was first recorded on the grassy slopes of the stadium of the Ivan Franko National University of Lviv in 1998 (Sverlova et al., 2006). Since that time, the species has been found, although in much smaller numbers, at two more sites of Lviv distant from each other and from the stadium. In one of these cases, the snails were found near the city’s main railway station, which may indicate they were brought in by rail. Besides Lviv,  B. cylindrica was registered in 2014 in the Podilski Tovtry National Natural Park near the village of Bila, Chemerivtsi District, Khmelnytskyi Region (Balashov et al., 2018), and in 2022 in Rivne (iNaturalist, 2024). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A5B551704FFEEFF3540198EBAFC15	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gural-Sverlova, N. V.;Gural, R. I.	Gural-Sverlova, N. V., Gural, R. I. (2024): Alien Mollusks Of Crimean Origin In Other Parts Of Ukraine: Present Distribution And Chronology Of Its Discovery. Zoodiversity 58 (5): 369-380, DOI: 10.15407/zoo2024.05.369, URL: https://doi.org/10.15407/zoo2024.05.369
038A5B551705FFEEFF3D45EA8F9EFA78.text	038A5B551705FFEEFF3D45EA8F9EFA78.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Brephulopsis bidens (Krynicki 1833)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Brephulopsis bidens (Krynicki, 1833)</p>
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                 Until now, data on only three known localities of  B. bidens outside Crimea have been published (Gural-Sverlova et al., 2018): 1)   Kherson Region,  Chaplynka , 1990; 2  )   Odesa Region,  Kodyma District , Tymkove, 1996; 3  )   Zaporizhzhia Region, Mykhailivka District, at the railway embankment near Burchak, 2017.  Among the materials on which the dissertation of Gensytskyi (2021) was written, we found a small sample of  B. bidens from another locality  :   Kherson Region, Genichesk District,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 34.97079/lat 46.28899)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=34.97079&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.28899">Stokopani</a>
                 , forest belt between fields, 2020, 46.28899 N 34.97079 E. In the dissertation itself,  B. bidens is mentioned for the  Zaporizhzhia Region only according to literature data (Gural-Sverlova et al., 2018). 
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            <p> Currently, samples of  B. bidens from Chaplynka and Tymkove are stored in the collection of land mollusks of the Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology in Kyiv (Balashov, 2016), samples from Burchak and Stokopani — in SMNHL. Images of two shells from Burchak are shown in Gural-Sverlova et al. (2018: fig. 2). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A5B551705FFEEFF3D45EA8F9EFA78	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gural-Sverlova, N. V.;Gural, R. I.	Gural-Sverlova, N. V., Gural, R. I. (2024): Alien Mollusks Of Crimean Origin In Other Parts Of Ukraine: Present Distribution And Chronology Of Its Discovery. Zoodiversity 58 (5): 369-380, DOI: 10.15407/zoo2024.05.369, URL: https://doi.org/10.15407/zoo2024.05.369
038A5B551705FFEEFF3D43F88F36F885.text	038A5B551705FFEEFF3D43F88F36F885.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mentissa gracilicosta Rossmassler 1836	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Mentissa gracilicosta Rossmässler, 1836</p>
            <p> All  Mentissa species are endemic to the Mountainous Crimea. In 1994, Andrii Shklyaruk found  M. gracilicosta in Odesa near the Mother-in-Law Bridge (Pioneer Park, now Greek Park, or Greek Square). A sample of  M. gracilicosta from this locality, collected in 1999, is deposited in SMNHL (Gural-Sverlova &amp; Gural, 2020 a). Perhaps the species was brought to Odesa from Crimea along with grape seedlings (Sverlova et al., 2006). It is significant that in the same biotope other species of land mollusks were found, previously known in Ukraine only from Crimea, namely  Cecilioides raddei (Boettger, 1879) and  Phenacolimax annularis (Studer, 1820) . It can be assumed that there was a joint unintentional introduction of several species. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A5B551705FFEEFF3D43F88F36F885	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gural-Sverlova, N. V.;Gural, R. I.	Gural-Sverlova, N. V., Gural, R. I. (2024): Alien Mollusks Of Crimean Origin In Other Parts Of Ukraine: Present Distribution And Chronology Of Its Discovery. Zoodiversity 58 (5): 369-380, DOI: 10.15407/zoo2024.05.369, URL: https://doi.org/10.15407/zoo2024.05.369
038A5B551706FFECFF3546BE8C73FEBC.text	038A5B551706FFECFF3546BE8C73FEBC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Monacha fruticola (Krynicki 1833)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Monacha fruticola (Krynicki, 1833)</p>
            <p> The natural range of  M. fruticola is apparently limited to Crimea. Previously it was also mentioned for Asia Minor (Schileyko, 1978), although this could refer to other  Monacha species (Hausdorf, 2000). In this case, the only reliable record of  M. fruticola outside Ukraine was made in 2016 in Armenia (Gural-Sverlova et al., 2017) in summer cottages near Yerevan (Dzoraghbyur, Kotayk Region). In Ukraine outside Crimea, the earliest known record of this species was made in 1959 in Odesa and its vicinity (Schileyko, 1978). Until 2018, all known findings of  M. fruticola were limited to the south of Ukraine (table 1). Then this species was recorded much further to the north — in the western (in and near Lviv) and central (in and near Kyiv) parts of Ukraine (Balashov, Markova, 2023 a; Gural-Sverlova, Gural, 2020 b). </p>
            <p> Most of the known records of  M. fruticola outside Crimea were made in Kherson, Mykolaiv, Odesa, and Zaporizhzhia Regions (fig. 2). In particular,  M. fruticola is not only widespread, but also a mass species of land snails both in the southern (Gensytskyi, 2021) and northern (Gural-Sverlova et al., 2018) parts of the Zaporizhzhia Region. In contrast to  B. cylindrica (fig. 1), only a few records of  M. fruticola are known so far in the Donetsk Region (fig. 2). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A5B551706FFECFF3546BE8C73FEBC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gural-Sverlova, N. V.;Gural, R. I.	Gural-Sverlova, N. V., Gural, R. I. (2024): Alien Mollusks Of Crimean Origin In Other Parts Of Ukraine: Present Distribution And Chronology Of Its Discovery. Zoodiversity 58 (5): 369-380, DOI: 10.15407/zoo2024.05.369, URL: https://doi.org/10.15407/zoo2024.05.369
038A5B551707FFE2FF3D47B48E1DF8F4.text	038A5B551707FFE2FF3D47B48E1DF8F4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Helix albescens Rossmassler 1839	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Helix albescens Rossmässler, 1839</p>
            <p> H. albescens is now widespread in southern Ukraine, including Crimea, and occurs also in some areas of the Caucasian region. Results from a recent genetic study indicate that this species is most likely of Crimean origin (Korábek et al., 2023), similar to the four land snail species described above. However, unlike them, the Caucasus may also be part of the natural range of  H. albescens . According to Korábek et al. (2023), “it is possible that  H. albescens was present in the Caucasus already before the Last Glacial”. At the same time, “the extent of the native distribution of  H. albescens on the East European Plain is unclear… Thus,  H. albescens is now spreading northwards and it is possible that much of its distribution in the East European Plain is the result of recent expansion, possibly largely human-assisted”. </p>
            <p> Similar to  B. cylindrica (see above), the first known records of  H. albescens in Ukraine outside Crimea were described at the beginning of the 20th century (table 1). Lindholm (1908) mentions several specimens of  Helicogena obtusata (Rossmässler, 1837) , now a synonym for  H. albescens , collected in Odesa and on the Dnipro River bank near Havrylivka village in the present Beryslav District of the Kherson Region. In the middle of the 20th century, this species was also mentioned for the administrative centres of the Mykolaiv and Kherson Regions, as well as for Melitopol in the south of the Zaporizhzhia Region (Likharev &amp; Rammelmeyer, 1952). The same set of settlements (Odesa, Mykolaiv, Kherson, Melitopol) is repeated several decades later by Schileyko (1978). At the end of the 20th century,  H. albescens was recorded both in anthropogenic biotopes of Mykolaiv and its environs, and in shrub thickets, sometimes in open meadow sites of the coastal areas of the Mykolaiv Region (Kramarenko &amp; Sverlova, 2001). </p>
            <p> The earliest sample of  H. albescens from eastern Ukraine, stored at SMNHL (Gural-Sverlova &amp; Gural, 2020 a), was collected in 1987 in one of the city parks of Donetsk. We did not find any literary references to earlier records of  H. albescens in this part of Ukraine, however, focused study of land mollusks began here also relatively recently (Gural-Sverlova et al., 2012). Apparently, the most interesting finds of  H. albescens were made at the beginning of the 21st century in floodplain forests in the south of the Lugansk Region (Balashov, 2013).  H. albescens was recorded there twice together with a relict species of Caucasian origin,  Elia novorossica (Retowski, 1888) . In addition to land mollusks, the Donetsk Upland could be a refugium for a number of invertebrate and plant species (Gural-Sverlova &amp; Martynov, 2009). </p>
            <p> While the nature of the range of  H. albescens (native or recently expanded as a result of human activity) in southern Ukraine is difficult to determine, the lately noted movement of this species to the north (table 1), up to the Kyiv, Poltava and Kharkiv Regions (fig. 3) is clearly caused by relativelly recent introductions, intentional or accidental. In administrative regions not bordering the Black or Azov Seas,  H. albescens is more often observed in regional centres (Dnipro, Kyiv, Poltava, Kropyvnytskyi) and other large settlements (for example, Kryvyi Rih in the Dnipropetrovsk Region). One of the northernmost known records, made in Kyiv in 2006, was described in a separate publication (Balashov &amp; Vasyliuk, 2007). </p>
            <p> In general, at least single species of land mollusks of Crimean origin, analysed in this paper, have now been reliably registered in more than half of the administrative regions of Ukraine (fig. 4, table 2). Predictable, a larger number of such species were recorded in the south of Ukraine, especially in the Odesa, Kherson and Zaporizhzhia Regions (fig. 4). Outside the steppe zone of Ukraine, the Kyiv Region is in the lead, which is caused by the large capital city as well as the intensity of malacological research and a larger number of amateur naturalists posting their observations in citizen science databases . </p>
            <p> Despite the fact that three of the analysed species of land mollusks (  B. cylindrica ,  M. fruticola ,  H. albescens ) are currently quite widespread in Ukraine, their penetration into many administrative regions happened relatively recently. This may be indirectly evidenced by the dates of their first records (tables 1, 2). The only exceptions are such southern regions, close to the Crimean peninsula, as Odesa, Kherson and Zaporizhzhia ones (table 2), where single records of  B. cylindrica and  H. albescens were known already at the beginning of the 20th century. It is significant that these finds were made in a port city (Odesa) or along the Dnipro River, which was also an important transport route. The colonization the coastal areas of southern Ukraine by some species of Crimean origin (as a result of natural expansion of species ranges or introductions) then increased the likelihood of their further transportation by people to more distant territories. </p>
            <p>Сonclusions</p>
            <p> Two of the five analysed species of land mollusks of Crimean origin (  B. cylindrica ,  M. fruticola ) are now also known in all parts of Ukraine outside Crimea, at least from single records in recent years.  B. cylindrica occurs in some settlements not only in the north of Ukraine, but also much further north, in Minsk, Belarus. A third species,  H. albescens , is also gradually expanding its range in Ukraine, although it has not yet been discovered in the west of the country.  B. bidens has so far been registered in four localities of Odesa, Kherson and Zaporizhzhia Regions, one of which is mentioned for the first time in this article. For  M. gracilicosta , endemic to the mountainous Crimea, a single introduction into Odesa has been described. </p>
            <p>The data systematised in the article can become the basis for monitoring the further spread of the analysed species of land mollusks in different parts of Ukraine. In addition to mollusks of Crimean origin, Crimea could be a source of introduction of some other species, autochthonous or alien to the Crimean peninsula itself, to other administrative regions of Ukraine. These will be reviewed in a separate publication.</p>
            <p>Acknowledgments</p>
            <p>  The authors are grateful to all the persons who, at different times, handed over the land mollusks they collected in different regions of Ukraine to the Malacological Collection or to the Malacological Laboratory of the SMNHL for identification. We are particularly grateful to Andrii Shklyaruk (Odesa),  Serhii Kramarenko (Mykolaiv  National Agrarian University ),  Volodymyr Martynov (Donetsk  National University ),  Viktor Busel (  Velykyi Luh National Nature Park , Zaporizhzhya Region), and  Maxim Gensytskyi (  Melitopol State Pedagogical University ) for the valuable data they provided for our publication  . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A5B551707FFE2FF3D47B48E1DF8F4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gural-Sverlova, N. V.;Gural, R. I.	Gural-Sverlova, N. V., Gural, R. I. (2024): Alien Mollusks Of Crimean Origin In Other Parts Of Ukraine: Present Distribution And Chronology Of Its Discovery. Zoodiversity 58 (5): 369-380, DOI: 10.15407/zoo2024.05.369, URL: https://doi.org/10.15407/zoo2024.05.369
