identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
038987E6FFB2431575BBE0943377FBC7.text	038987E6FFB2431575BBE0943377FBC7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polana DeLong 1942	<div><p>Polana DeLong, 1942</p><p>Type-species:  Gypona quadrinotata Spångberg, 1878: 56 .</p><p>Species of subgenus  Polana</p><p>P. alitera DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972: 288 . Bolivia (Santa Cruz), Brazil (Mato Grosso, Rondônia), Colombia (ND), Peru (Maynas).</p><p>P. aspersa DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972: 273 . Bolivia (El Beni), Panama (Darién), Peru (San Martin).</p><p>P. bulba DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972: 279 . Peru (Cusco).</p><p>P. confusa DeLong, 1984: 47 . Peru (Huánuco).</p><p>P. coresa DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972: 284 . Bolivia (Santa Cruz), Brazil [new record] (Acre, Mato Grosso).</p><p>P. flectara DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972: 284 . Brazil (Goiás [new record], Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais [new record], Paraná [new record], São Paulo [new record]).</p><p>P. fusconotata (Osborn, 1938): 48. ( Ponana). Bolivia (Germán Busch), Paraguay (Concepción), Brazil (Mato Grosso do Sul [new record], Paraná [new record], Rio Grande do Sul [new record], São Paulo).</p><p>P. gelera DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972: 276 . Belize (ND), Mexico (Veracruz).</p><p>P. inflexa sp. nov. Brazil (Distrito Federal, Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul, Paraná).</p><p>P. inimica DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972: 282 . Colombia (Nariño).</p><p>P. innata DeLong &amp; Foster, 1982: 324 . Bolivia (Chapare), Brazil [new record] (Mato Grosso do Sul, Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, São Paulo, Santa Catarina), Peru [new record] (Cusco).  P. annata DeLong &amp; Foster, 1982: 324 [sic.].</p><p>P. insolita sp. nov. Brazil (Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul).</p><p>P. lanara DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972: 280 . Brazil (Pará), Peru (Cusco).</p><p>P. languida sp. nov. Brazil (Mato Grosso, Rondônia).</p><p>P. mala DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972: 277 . Brazil [new record] (Amazonas, Bahia, Maranhão, Pará, Paraíba), Guyana (Cuyuni-Mazaruni).</p><p>P. merga DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972: 282 . Colombia (Cauca, Córdoba, Cundinamarca, Tolima).</p><p>P. nidula DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972: 277 . Bolivia (Santa Cruz).</p><p>P. onara DeLong &amp; Triplehorn, 1979: 181 . comb. nov. ( Polana ( Nihilana)). Peru (Chota).</p><p>P. optata DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972: 276 . Colombia (Cundinamarca).</p><p>P. parca DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972: 286 . Venezuela (Sucre).</p><p>P. peda DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972: 279 . Belize (Toledo).</p><p>P. pensa DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972: 273 . Colombia (ND).</p><p>P. portochuela DeLong &amp; Foster, 1982: 323 . Bolivia (Santa Cruz).</p><p>P. principia DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972: 275 . Panama (Darién).</p><p>P. quadrinotata (Spångberg, 1878): 56. ( Gypona). Mexico (ND), USA (Georgia, Texas, South Carolina).</p><p>P. robusta DeLong, 1980: 126 . comb. nov. ( Polana ( Nihilana)). USA (Florida).</p><p>P. ruppeli DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972: 286 . Colombia (Meta, Nariño).</p><p>P. scruta DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972: 285 . Brazil [new record] (Rondônia), Peru (Cusco, Huánuco).</p><p>P. sinopensis sp. nov. Brazil (Mato Grosso).</p><p>P. spindella DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972: 275 . Belize (Toledo), Brazil (Santa Catarina), Mexico (Guerrero, Michoacán, Morelos, San Luis Potosí, Tabasco, Veracruz).</p><p>P. squalera DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972: 285 . Bolivia (El Beni, Santa Cruz), Brazil [new record] (Acre, Rondônia), Peru (Huallaga).</p><p>P. thugana DeLong &amp; Triplehorn, 1979: 181 . comb. nov. ( Polana ( Nihilana)). Peru (ND).</p><p>P. torta sp. nov. Costa Rica (Puntarenas).</p><p>P. unca DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972: 272 . Panama (Cólon, Darién, Panamá, Panamá Oeste).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038987E6FFB2431575BBE0943377FBC7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz (2025): Five new species of Polana (Polana) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini) from Brazil and Costa Rica, and new combinations in the genus. Zootaxa 5584 (2): 179-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2
038987E6FFB1431275BBE14837B4F80A.text	038987E6FFB1431275BBE14837B4F80A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polana (Polana) inflexa Domahovski 2025	<div><p>Polana (Polana) inflexa sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 1A, B, 2, 3)</p><p>Diagnosis. Style (Fig. 2J), in lateral view, blade narrow, slightly widening subapically; ventral margin smooth. Aedeagus (Fig. 2K, L) with pair of basolateral processes slender, tapering to apex, not surpassing apex of shaft; shaft elongate, curved anterad, flattened in lateral view; apical portion bifid, each ramus forming three short processes.</p><p>Measurements. Holotype male: total length 7.4 mm. Paratypes: males, 7.0– 7.5 mm (n = 19); females, 7.5–8.1 mm (n = 10).</p><p>Coloration. Head and thorax (Figs 1A, B, 2A–D) yellowish-brown. Crown (Fig. 2A) with two small rounded brown spots behind ocelli, near posterior margin; coronal suture black. Face (Fig. 2B) with yellow macula between eye and frons. Pronotum (Fig. 2A) with six black maculae near anterior margin. Proepimeron (Fig. 2C) with pronotal carina yellow with a black macula near posterior corner of eye. Mesonotum (Fig. 2A) mostly yellow with large pair of black macula near lateral angle. Forewing (Figs 1A, B, 2D) yellowish-brown; veins brown outlined; costal margin with yellow elongated macula distal to the bifurcation of the MR veins; black markings on base of clavus, cross veins of discal cells, apex of A1 and Pcu, and cross veins of apical cells.</p><p>Description. Body (Fig. 1A, B) approximately oval, not flattened dorsoventrally. Head (Fig. 2A), in dorsal view, not produced; median length of crown one-third as long as interocular width; crown with transverse parallel striae, anterior margin of crown approximately parallel to posterior margin; transocular width of head slightly narrower than maximum pronotum width; ocelli equidistant between eyes and median line and near to anterior than to posterior margin of crown. Head (Fig. 2B), in ventral view, with face wider than long; frontogenal suture distant from eye margins by half apical width of clypeus and surpassing antennal ledge, extending to anterior margin of crown by a short distance; antennal ledge carinate, oriented obliquely downwards in relation to frons and extending over frons by short distance; frons approximately as long as wide medially, surface with texture shagreen, not excavated below anterior margin of crown; epistomal suture indistinct medially; clypeus not inflated, approximately as long as wide at base, lateral margins convergent apically, apex carinate; maxillary plate produced ventrally as far as clypeus apex; gena with ventrolateral margins slightly convex at mid-length. Head (Fig. 2C), in lateral view, with crown-face transition rounded and with several parallel striae. Pronotum (Fig. 2A), in dorsal view, with transverse striae on disc and posterior third; lateral margins converging anterad, as long as eye length; in lateral view (Fig. 2C), slightly declivous, continuous with the head declivity. Forewing (Fig. 2D) without extra crossveins; venation distinct; M vein with segment after the divergence between R+M and before the cross vein m-cu1 more than 2x longer than the length of m-cu1; m-cu2 located slightly after the connection between r-m1 and the M vein; three subapical and five apical cell; appendix well developed and bordering first and second apical cells, narrower than maximum width of first apical cell. Profemur, with apical setae AD1, AM1, and PD1 present and well developed; AV row with 5 setae on basal half; PV with 2 setae, one near base and the second subapically. Protibia, in cross-section, more or less cylindrical, with longitudinal carina adjacent to PD row; apical setae AD1 and PD1 present and well developed; AV row formed by long setae, gradually increasing in thickness and length towards apex; AD formed by many small undifferentiated setae; PD row with 2–3 long setae and intercalary small undifferentiated setae; PV row with 5 long setae. Hind leg with femoral setal formula 2:2:1; tibial rows PD, AD, and AV with 23–25, 12, and 13–15 macrosetae, respectively; AD row with intercalary small setae between macrosetae; PV row with setae of apical half formed by sequence of 1 thicker and 3–4 thinner setae; first tarsomere with two rows of 5–7 setae on plantar surface; apex with 4 patellae flanked by tapered lateral setae; second tarsomere pecten with 2 platellae flanked by 2 tapered lateral setae on inner and 1 on external corner.</p><p>Male terminalia. Sternite VIII (Fig. 2E) rectangular, 1.5x longer than wide; posterior margin slightly produced medially and excavated laterally. Valve (Fig. 2F) 2.4x wider than long; integument thickening present only on anterior margin; posterior margin straight. Pygofer (Fig. 2G) 1.5x longer than high; basodorsal processes without subapical tooth; macrosetae dispersed on dorsoapical quadrant; ventral margin and apex rounded. Subgenital plate (Fig. 2G) short, extending to half length of pygofer; in ventral view (Fig. 2H) ovate, outer margin rounded with short setae on apical half; apex rounded. Connective (Fig. 2I) linear, long, extending to apical fourth of style; stem with lateral margins weakly sclerotized; dorsal keel small. Style (Fig. 2I), in dorsal view, outer lobe reduced; in lateral view (Fig. 2J) blade narrow, slightly widening subapically; ventral margin smooth; apex with small process curved dorsally. Aedeagus (Fig. 2K, L) with preatrium short; atrial portion strongly elevated; pair of basolateral processes slender, tapering to apex, not surpassing apex of shaft; shaft elongate, curved anterad, flattened in lateral view; apical portion bifid, each ramus forming three short processes.</p><p>Female terminalia. Sternite VII (Fig. 3A, B) 1.8x wider than long; posterolateral corners rounded; posterior margin excavated laterad of rounded median lobe which is shallowly emarginated. Pygofer (Fig. 3A, B) about 1.7x longer than maximum height; macrosetae dispersed on dorsoapical fourth and ventroapical half; apex rounded. Internal sternite VIII membranous. First valvifer (Fig. 3C) 1.7x higher than long, trapezoid. First valvula (Fig. 3C, D) 7x higher than long, slightly curved dorsally; basal portion strongly produced anterad and rounded; ventral interlocking device short,restrict to basal third; ventral margin with oblique striae medially,and excavated subapically; apical third with dorsal sculptured area formed by scale-like processes arranged in oblique lines, with lateral carina bearing small rounded teeth; apex abruptly tapered and acute. Second valvula, in cross-section, with apical portion triangular, expanded laterally forming lateral carina, in lateral view (Fig. 3E, F), 4.5x higher than long, higher after the mid-length; dorsal protuberance absent; dorsal margin with few very small teeth subapically; apical portion gradually narrowed to acute apex. Second valvifer (Fig. 3G) about 2.5x longer than high. Gonoplac (Fig. 3G, H), about 3.5x longer than high; dorsoapical margin straight, short, with about one third length of gonoplac; outer surface with dentiform cuticular projections on ventral half, with few short setae on apical third; apex subacute.</p><p>Etymology. The new species name comes from the Latin word “ inflexus ” meaning curved. It refers to the strongly curved aedeagus, in lateral view.</p><p>Material examined.   Holotype male, BRAZIL, MATO GROSSO DO SUL: “Brasil, MS, Chapadão do Sul, \  Pantanal, 18º46’30.09”S \ 52º 31”04.98”W” 804m \ 05.I.2016, T. Taira leg.” (DZUP)  .  Paratypes: 1♀, same holotype data (DZUP);  1♂, same data, except 02.II.2017 (DZUP);  2♂, 1♀, same data, except 08.III.2016 (DZUP);  1♂, 1♀, same data, except 25.I.2017 (DZRJ);  2♂, 1♀, same data, except 04.IV.2016 (DZUP);  1♂, 1♀, same data, except 06.II.2016 (DZUP);  1♂, same data, except 06.IV.2016 (DZUP);  1♂, same data, except 25.II.2016 (DZUP);  1♂, same data, except 21.III.2017 (DZUP);  1♀, same data, except 05.III.2016 (DZUP);  DISTRITO FEDERAL: 1♂, “Brasil, Brasília-D ♀, \ Fazenda Água Limpa \ M. Galeria, malaise, 09- \ 23.XI.2017 J. R. P. Luz. ” (DZUP);  GOIÁS: 1♂, “Brasil, GO, Novo Mundo, \ Armadilha Malaise \ 13.9292ºS 49.9716ºW, \ 282m, 26.XI.2010 ” (DZUP);   PARANÁ: 1♂, 4♀, Brasil, Paraná, Rib \ do Pinhal (Café- \ Campo) xi.1998 \ A.M. Meneguim. ” (DZUP); 1♂, “  Jundiaí do Sul - PR \  Fazenda Monte Verde \ Brasil 16.IX.1986 \ Lev. Ent  .   PROFAUPAR \  Malaise ” (DZUP) ; 1♂, same data, except 22.IX. 1986 (DZUP); 1♂, same data, except 03.X.1986 (DZUP); 1♂, same data, except 03.XII.1986 (DZUP); 1♂, same data, except 26.I.1987 (DZUP); 1♂, same data, except 18.IV.1988 (DZUP) .</p><p>Remarks. The style of the new species is similar to those of  P. optata,  P. lanara,  P. inimica,  P. merga,  P. rupelli, and the species here described,  P. insolita sp. nov. and  P. sinopensis sp. nov. but this species is easily differentiated due to the wide and strongly curved shaft of the aedeagus with the apex bifid, bearing three processes on each ramus.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038987E6FFB1431275BBE14837B4F80A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz (2025): Five new species of Polana (Polana) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini) from Brazil and Costa Rica, and new combinations in the genus. Zootaxa 5584 (2): 179-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2
038987E6FFB5431F75BBE36D365DFBFE.text	038987E6FFB5431F75BBE36D365DFBFE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polana (Polana) insolita Domahovski 2025	<div><p>Polana (Polana) insolita sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 1C, D, 4)</p><p>Diagnosis. Style (Fig. 4J), in lateral view, blade narrow, slightly widening subapically; ventral margin smooth. Aedeagus (Fig. 4K, L) with preatrium strongly developed; pair of basolateral processes with basal half wide, apical portion with two acute processes directed dorsally; shaft curved anterad, flattened in lateral view; basal portion 3x wider than the apical half; apical portion bifid, membranous, with lateral margin sclerotized bearing row of short spiniform processes.</p><p>Measurements. Holotype male: total length 7.3 mm. Paratypes: males, 6.4–7.0 mm (n = 5).</p><p>Coloration. Head and thorax (Figs 1C, D, 4A–D) yellowish-brown. Crown (Fig. 4A) with two small rounded black spots behind ocelli, near posterior margin; coronal suture black. Face (Fig. 4B) without macula. Pronotum (Fig. 4A) with eight black maculae near anterior margin. Proepimeron (Fig. 4C) with a black macula near posterior corner of eye. Mesonotum (Fig. 4A) with pair of black macula near lateral angle. Forewing (Figs 1C, D, 4D) yellowish-brown; veins brown outlined; black markings on base of clavus, cross veins of discal cells, apex of A1 and Pcu, and cross veins of apical cells.</p><p>Description. Equal to the description of  Polana inflexa sp. nov.</p><p>Male terminalia. Sternite VIII (Fig. 4E) rectangular, 1.6x longer than wide; posterior margin straight. Valve (Fig. 4F) 2.4x wider than long; integument thickening present only on anterior margin; posterior margin straight. Pygofer (Fig. 4G) 1.5x longer than high; basodorsal processes without subapical tooth; macrosetae dispersed on dorsoapical quadrant; ventral margin straight; apex rounded. Subgenital plate (Fig. 4G) short, extending to half length of pygofer; in ventral view (Fig. 4H) ovate, outer margin rounded with short setae on apical half; apex rounded. Connective (Fig. 4I) linear, long, extending to apical fourth of style; stem with lateral margins weakly sclerotized; dorsal keel small. Style (Fig. 4I), in dorsal view, outer lobe reduced; in lateral view (Fig. 4J) blade narrow, slightly widening subapically; ventral margin smooth; apex with small process curved dorsally. Aedeagus (Fig. 4K, L) with preatrium strongly developed; pair of basolateral processes with anterior half wide, tapering distally forming two acute processes directed dorsally: the apical 3x longer than the subapical; shaft curved anterad, flattened in lateral view; basal portion 3x wider than the apical half; apical portion bifid, membranous, with lateral margin sclerotized bearing row of short spiniform processes.</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Etymology. The new species name comes from the Latin word “ insolitum ” meaning unusual. It refers to the strange shape of aedeagus.</p><p>Material examined.   Holotype male, BRAZIL, MATO GROSSO DO SUL: “ Brasil, Mato Grosso do \ Sul,  Porto Murtinho, Faz. \  Campo Florido \ 09.xii.2012 sweep \ M. Savaris &amp; S. Lampert ” (DZUP)  .  Paratypes: 1♂, same holotype data, except Luiz de Queiroz trap (DZUP);   3♂, “ Brasil, Mato Grosso do \ Sul,  Porto Murtinho \ 11.II.2012 (Arm. lum. \  Luiz de Queirós, luz \ negra) M. Savaris ” (DZUP) ;   GOIÁS: 1♂, “Brasil, GO, Novo Mundo, \ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-49.9716&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.9292" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -49.9716/lat -13.9292)">Armadilha Malaise</a> \ 13.9292ºS 49.9716ºW, \ 282m, 03.IV.2011 ” (DZUP)  .</p><p>Remarks.  Polana insolita sp. nov. is easily separated from all from all species o the subgenus  Polana due to the unusual form of the aedeagus, especially the pair of basally wide basolateral processes and with two acute processes apically; and the membranous apex of the shaft, with lateral margins sclerotized bearing rows of short spiniform processes.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038987E6FFB5431F75BBE36D365DFBFE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz (2025): Five new species of Polana (Polana) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini) from Brazil and Costa Rica, and new combinations in the genus. Zootaxa 5584 (2): 179-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2
038987E6FFBB431C75BBE1503603FD6A.text	038987E6FFBB431C75BBE1503603FD6A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polana (Polana) languida Domahovski 2025	<div><p>Polana (Polana) languida sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 1E, F, 5, 6)</p><p>Diagnosis. Style (Fig. 5J), in lateral view, blade nearly straight; ventral margin serrated; apex truncated. Aedeagus (Fig. 5K, L) with pair of basolateral processes short, weakly sclerotized, extending to half length of shaft; shaft curved basally and straight distally, cylindrical; apex with pair of ventral processes, straight and directed ventrally.</p><p>Measurements. Holotype male: total length 6.0 mm. Paratypes: males 5.8–6.1 mm (n = 17); females 6.5–6.9 mm (n = 18).</p><p>Coloration. Head and thorax (Figs 1E, F, 5A–D) yellowish-brown. Crown (Fig. 5A) coronal suture black. Face (Fig. 5B) with yellow irregular maculae on lorum and between eye and frons. Pronotum (Fig. 5A) with six to eight black maculae near anterior margin and some irregular yellowish portions. Proepimeron (Fig. 5C) with a black strip below the pronotal carina yellow. Mesonotum (Fig. 5A) with two pairs of yellow spots, one on basolateral corner and one near scutoscutellar suture. Forewing (Figs 1E, F, 5D) yellowish-brown; veins weakly brown outlined, mostly on apical half; costal margin with yellow macula on basal third; apex of clavus smoky; black markings on base of clavus, cross veins of discal cells, apex of A1 and Pcu veins, and cross veins of apical cells.</p><p>Description. Similar to the description of  Polana inflexa sp. nov. except: Head (Fig. 5B), in ventral view, clypeus slightly inflated, 1.3x wider than long at base, lateral margins sigmoid, strongly convergent apically. Forewing (Fig. 5D) M vein with segment after the divergence between R+M and before the cross vein m-cu1 more than 3x longer than the length of m-cu1.</p><p>Male terminalia. Sternite VIII (Fig. 5E) rectangular, 1.6x longer than wide; posterior margin straight. Valve (Fig. 5F) 2x wider than long; integument thickening present only on anterior margin; posterior margin rounded. Pygofer (Fig. 5G) 1.3x longer than high; basodorsal processes with subapical tooth; macrosetae dispersed on dorsoapical quadrant; ventral margin straight; apex wide, broadly rounded. Subgenital plate (Fig. 5G) extending almost to apical portion of pygofer; in ventral view (Fig. 5H) ovate, outer margin rounded with short setae on apical half and some hair-like setae on basal half; apex slightly tapered and rounded. Connective (Fig. 5I) T-shaped, extending to half length of style blade; stem wider apically; dorsal keel developed. Style (Fig. 5I), in dorsal view, outer lobe reduced; in lateral view (Fig. 5J) blade nearly straight; ventral margin serrated; apex truncated with small process directed dorsally. Aedeagus (Fig. 5K, L) with preatrium short; dorsal apodeme rounded; pair of basolateral processes short, weakly sclerotized, extending to half length of shaft, tapering to acute apex; shaft curved basally and straight distally, cylindrical; apex with pair of ventral processes, straight and directed ventrally.</p><p>Female terminalia. Sternite VII (Fig. 6A, B) 1.8x wider than long; posterolateral corners rounded; posterior margin excavated laterad of rounded median lobe. Pygofer (Fig. 6A, B) about 1.7x longer than maximum height; macrosetae dispersed on dorsoapical fourth and ventroapical half; apex rounded. Internal sternite VIII membranous. Ovipositor similar to the description of  Polana inflexa sp. nov. except: First valvifer (Fig. 6C) 1.3x higher than long, almost square-shaped; outer surface with many dentiform cuticular projections. First valvula (Fig. 6C, D) 6.5x higher than long; basal portion weakly produced anterad and rounded. Second valvula (Fig. 6E, F) 4.5x higher than long; dorsal margin with few very small teeth subapically. Gonoplac (Fig. 6G, H), about 2.9x longer than high; dorsoapical margin strongly declivous.</p><p>Etymology. The epithet comes from the Latin word “ languidus ” meaning faint, weak. It refers to the weakly sclerotized basolateral processes of aedeagus.</p><p>Material examined.   Holotype male, BRAZIL, MATO GROSSO: “ Brasil, MT, Novo Mundo,\ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-55.8396&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.4517" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -55.8396/lat -9.4517)">Pq. Est. do Cristalino</a>,\ 09.4517ºS 55.8396ºW,\ 240m, sweep, 21–25.vi.\ 2017, A.C. Domahovski ” (DZUP)  .  Paratypes: 13♂, 14♀, same holotype data (3♂, 4♀, DZRJ; 10♂, 10♀, DZUP);  1♂, “ Brasil, MT,   Nova Ubiratã,\ E.S.E.C. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-54.4436&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.1122" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -54.4436/lat -13.1122)">Rio Ronuro</a>,\ 13.1122ºS, 54.4436ºW, 330m \ light trap, 11-16.vi.2017, RR\ Cavichioli &amp; AC  Domahovski ” (DZUP); 1♂, 2♀, “ Brasil, MT,  Cotriguaçu, Faz. \ São Nicolau, 09.8559°S, 58.2486°W, 230m, light trap,\ 26–29.vi.2017, RR Cavichioli \ &amp; AC Domahovski ” (DZUP);  RONDÔNIA: 1♂, 2♀, 16-XI-1991, Faz. \ Rancho Grande, Cacau- \ lândia, Arquimedes, RO \ Mielke leg.” (DZUP);  1♂, “Ouro Preto \ d’Oeste, RO \ 3.II.1987 \ C. Elias”, “Projeto Po \ lonoroeste” (DZUP) .</p><p>Remarks. The shape of the style and aedeagus are most similar to those of  P. squarela and  P. scruta, but the new species can be easily separated due to the aedeagus with basolateral pair of processes shorter, extending only the shaft midlength, whereas in  P. squarela and  P. scruta these processes are long, extending to the shaft apex, and curved ventrally.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038987E6FFBB431C75BBE1503603FD6A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz (2025): Five new species of Polana (Polana) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini) from Brazil and Costa Rica, and new combinations in the genus. Zootaxa 5584 (2): 179-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2
038987E6FFB8431A75BBE7E43655F800.text	038987E6FFB8431A75BBE7E43655F800.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polana (Polana) sinopensis Domahovski 2025	<div><p>Polana (Polana) sinopensis sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 1G, H, 7, 8)</p><p>Diagnosis. Style (Fig. 7J), in lateral view, blade narrow, slightly widening subapically; ventral margin smooth. Aedeagus (Fig. 7K, L) with pair of basolateral processes widened medially, apex acute extending to apical third of shaft; shaft, approximately cylindrical, curved basally and straight distally, subapical portion expanded laterally; apical portion bifid, with each ramus bifurcate.</p><p>Measurements. Holotype male: total length 7.2 mm. Paratypes: males 7.0– 7.4 mm (n = 26); females 7.5–8.3 mm (n = 33).</p><p>Coloration. Head and thorax (Figs 1G, H, 7A–D) yellowish-brown. Crown (Fig. 7A) coronal suture black. Face (Fig. 7B) without maculae. Pronotum (Fig. 7A) with six black maculae near anterior margin. Proepimeron (Fig. 7C) with pronotal carina yellow. Mesonotum (Fig. 7A) lateral angles brown; two pairs of faint yellow spots, one on basolateral corner and one near scutoscutellar suture. Forewing (Figs 1G, H, 7D) yellowish-brown; veins weakly brown outlined, mostly on apical half; apex of clavus smoky, forming a faint brown stripe extending to subapical cells; black markings on base of clavus, cross veins of discal cells, apex of A1 and Pcu, and cross veins of apical cells.</p><p>Description. Similar to the description of  Polana inflexa sp. nov. except: Head (Fig. 7B), in ventral view, clypeus slightly inflated, 1.3x wider than long at base, lateral margins sigmoid, strongly convergent apically. Forewing (Fig. 7D) M vein with segment after the divergence between R+M and before the cross vein m-cu1 more than 3x longer than the length of m-cu1.</p><p>Male terminalia. Sternite VIII (Fig. 7E) rectangular, 1.5x longer than wide; posterior margin slightly produced medially. Valve (Fig. 7F) 2.5x wider than long; integument thickening present only on anterior margin; posterior margin rounded. Pygofer (Fig. 7G) 1.7x longer than high; basodorsal processes with subapical tooth; macrosetae dispersed on posterodorsal quadrant; ventral margin rounded; apex truncated. Subgenital plate (Fig. 7G) extending to apical third of pygofer; in ventral view (Fig. 7H) ovate, outer margin rounded with hair-like setae on apical two-thirds; apex rounded. Connective (Fig. 7I) linear, long, extending almost to style apex; stem with lateral margins weakly sclerotized; dorsal keel small. Style (Fig. 7I), in dorsal view, outer lobe rounded; in lateral view (Fig. 7J) blade narrow, slightly widening subapically, curved dorsally at half length; ventral margin smooth; apex with small process curved dorsally. Aedeagus (Fig. 7K, L) with preatrium reduced; atrial portion elevated; pair of basolateral processes widened medially, apex acute extending to apical third of shaft; shaft, approximately cylindrical, shaft curved basally and straight distally, subapical portion expanded laterally; apical portion bifid, with each ramus bifurcate.</p><p>Female terminalia. Sternite VII (Fig. 8A, B) 1.5x wider than long; posterolateral corners broadly rounded; posterior margin deeply excavated on median third forming three rounded shallow notches. Pygofer (Fig. 8A, B) about 1.7x longer than maximum height; macrosetae dispersed on ventroapical half and apex of dorsal margin; apex rounded. Internal sternite VIII membranous. Ovipositor similar to the description of  Polana inflexa sp. nov. except: First valvifer (Fig. 8C) 2.5x higher than long, almost elliptic, dorsal margin rounded. First valvula (Fig. 8C, D) 6x higher than long, basal portion produced anterad, slightly tapered and rounded; lateral carina with inconspicuous rounded teeth. Second valvula (Fig. 8E, F), 4.6x higher than long; dorsal margin with few very small subapical teeth. Gonoplac (Fig. 8G, H), about 3.2x longer than high.</p><p>Etymology. The epithet refers to the City of Sinop where the specimens were collected.</p><p>Material examined.  Holotype male, BRAZIL, MATO GROSSO: “ SINOP - M. Grosso \ Brasil X-1975 \ M. Alvarenga Leg. ” (DZUP) .  Paratypes: 26♂, 33♀, same holotype data (5♂, 5♀, DZRJ; 21♂, 28♀, DZUP) .  Additional material: 33♂, 46♀, same holotype data “1975 or 1976” (DZUP) .</p><p>Remarks. The style of the new species is similar to that of  P. inflexa sp. nov. and other species on the genus but this species can be easily separated due to the aedeagus (Fig. 7K, L) with a pair of short and wide basolateral processes, and the shaft with the subapical portion expanded laterally and the apex bifid, with each ramus also bifurcate.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038987E6FFB8431A75BBE7E43655F800	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz (2025): Five new species of Polana (Polana) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini) from Brazil and Costa Rica, and new combinations in the genus. Zootaxa 5584 (2): 179-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2
038987E6FFBD431875BBE5A536F4FB4E.text	038987E6FFBD431875BBE5A536F4FB4E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polana (Polana) torta Domahovski 2025	<div><p>Polana (Polana) torta sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 1I, J, 9)</p><p>Diagnosis. Style (Fig. 9J), in lateral view, blade foot-shaped; ventral margin produced forming a serrated rounded lobe. Aedeagus (Fig. 9K, L) with pair of basolateral processes as long as shaft, wider on basal fourth; shaft without processes apex weakly sclerotized and strongly recurved to left side.</p><p>Measurements. Holotype male: total length 7.4 mm.</p><p>Coloration. Head and thorax (Figs 1I, J, 8A–D) yellowish-brown. Crown (Fig. 9A) coronal suture black. Face (Fig. 9B) without maculae. Pronotum (Fig. 9A) without maculae. Proepimeron (Fig. 9C) with pronotal carina yellow and a small black spot near posterior angle of eye. Mesonotum (Fig. 9A) with pair of small yellow spot on lateral angle. Forewing (Figs 1I, J, 9D) yellowish-brown smoky, brown stripe extending from apex of clavus to R1 vein; black markings on base of clavus, cross veins of inner discal cell, apex of A1 and Pcu, and cross veins of apical cells.</p><p>Description. Similar to the description of  Polana inflexa sp. nov. except:</p><p>Head (Fig. 9B), in ventral view, clypeus 1.1x longer than wide, lateral margins approximately parallel. First tarsomere not examined (lost).</p><p>Male terminalia. Sternite VIII (Fig. 9E) rectangular, 1.6x longer than wide; posterior margin straight. Valve (Fig. 9F) 2.5x wider than long; integument thickening present only on dorsal margin, posterior margin slightly rounded. Pygofer (Fig. 9G) 1.6x longer than high; basodorsal processes without subapical tooth; macrosetae dispersed on dorsoapical quadrant; ventral margin straight; apex rounded. Subgenital plate (Fig. 9G) extending to apical third of pygofer; in ventral view (Fig. 9H) ovate, outer margin rounded with short setae on apical half; apex rounded. Connective (Fig. 9I) Y-shaped, almost extending to apex of style; anteroventral margin with a median protrusion extending anterad; stem wider apically; dorsal keel small. Style (Fig. 9I), in dorsal view, outer lobe reduced; in lateral view (Fig. 9J) blade foot-shaped; ventral margin produced forming a serrated rounded lobe; apex with small process curved dorsally. Aedeagus (Fig. 9K, L) with preatrium short; dorsal apodeme rounded; pair of basolateral processes as long as shaft, wider on basal fourth, apex acute; shaft without processes, uniformly curved; apex weakly sclerotized and strongly recurved to left side.</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Etymology. The new species name comes from the Latin word “ tortus ” meaning twisted. It refers to the recurved apical portion of aedeagus.</p><p>Material examined.   Holotype male, COSTA RICA: “ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-83.58945&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.48" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -83.58945/lat 8.48)">Costa Rica - Estácion</a> \ Biológica La Sirena - \ PN Corcovado - \ 21m 8º28’48”N \ 83º35’22”W \ 11 a 14/II/2011 \ RR Cavichioli leg.” (DZUP).</p><p>Remarks. The new species is similar to  Polana mala, due to the apically foot-shaped style and the aedeagus lacking processes on the shaft. However,  P. torta sp. nov. bears longer subgenital plates and the blade of the style is longer and more robust.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038987E6FFBD431875BBE5A536F4FB4E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz (2025): Five new species of Polana (Polana) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini) from Brazil and Costa Rica, and new combinations in the genus. Zootaxa 5584 (2): 179-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2
038987E6FFBC431875BBE3683780F89E.text	038987E6FFBC431875BBE3683780F89E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polana (Nihilana) ocellata (Spangberg 1878) Domahovski 2025	<div><p>Polana (Nihilana) ocellata (Spångberg, 1878) comb. nov.</p><p>Polana (Polana) ocellata DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972: 270 .</p><p>Gypona ocellata Spångberg, 1878: 57 .</p><p>Remarks. The description of the aedeagus provided by DeLong &amp; Freytag (1972) does not mention processes on the base, which can be confirmed in the illustrations (DeLong &amp; Freytag 1972: 271, figs 149, 150). Furthermore, the aedeagus and style of  P. ocellata are similar to those of other species placed in  Nihilana in the same study, as for example,  P. rixa DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972,  P. scina DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972, and  P. pressa DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038987E6FFBC431875BBE3683780F89E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz (2025): Five new species of Polana (Polana) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini) from Brazil and Costa Rica, and new combinations in the genus. Zootaxa 5584 (2): 179-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2
038987E6FFBC430775BBE2AC3456FEAF.text	038987E6FFBC430775BBE2AC3456FEAF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polana ardua (DeLong & Freytag 1972) DeLong & Freytag 1972	<div><p>Polana ardua DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972 comb. nov.</p><p>Polana (Hobemanella) ardua DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972: 253 .</p><p>Remarks. The male genitalia of  P. ardua (DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972: 255, figs 74–78) is identical to the genitalia of  Acuera insepta DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1974 (see figures 31–35 in DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1974: 189). However, the reported body length, coloration, and structure of head differ. This probably resulted from inadvertent exchange of the dissected abdomens between different specimens, either prior to or during the description. Therefore, at present, this species is considered incertae sedis within  Polana .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038987E6FFBC430775BBE2AC3456FEAF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz (2025): Five new species of Polana (Polana) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini) from Brazil and Costa Rica, and new combinations in the genus. Zootaxa 5584 (2): 179-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2
038987E6FFA3430775BBE6B83309FBDA.text	038987E6FFA3430775BBE6B83309FBDA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polana (Polana) onara (DeLong & Triplehorn 1979) DeLong & Triplehorn 1979	<div><p>Polana (Polana) onara DeLong &amp; Triplehorn, 1979 comb. nov.</p><p>Polana (Nihilana) onara DeLong &amp; Triplehorn, 1979: 181 .</p><p>Remarks.  Polana onara have a pair of long basolateral processes as originally described: “Aedeagus with a process each side, extending from near base of shaft and curving dorsally at two-thirds length of shaft. “ (DeLong &amp; Triplehorn 1979: 188, figs 61–65) and therefore is transferred to the subgenus  Polana .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038987E6FFA3430775BBE6B83309FBDA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz (2025): Five new species of Polana (Polana) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini) from Brazil and Costa Rica, and new combinations in the genus. Zootaxa 5584 (2): 179-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2
038987E6FFA3430775BBE1503409FA2F.text	038987E6FFA3430775BBE1503409FA2F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polana (Polana) thugana (DeLong & Triplehorn 1979) DeLong & Triplehorn 1979	<div><p>Polana (Polana) thugana DeLong &amp; Triplehorn, 1979 comb. nov.</p><p>Polana (Nihilana) thugana DeLong &amp; Triplehorn, 1979: 181 .</p><p>Remarks. Similar to  P. onara, the aedeagus of  P. thugana presents a pair of long basal processes, originally described as following: “Aedeagus with a pair of long processes arising at base of shaft which extend caudally half the length of shaft where they are bent abruptly dorsally, narrowed and tapered to slender apices” (DeLong &amp; Triplehorn 1979: 188, figs 66–70). Therefore, this species is transferred to the subgenus  Polana .</p><p>DeLong (1979) described five species of  Polana, placing them in the subgenera  Bulbusana,  Nihilana,  Polana, and  Hobemanella . The only species placed in the subgenus  Polana,  P. villara, from Argentina, lacks processes near base of aedeagus. Thus, the following new combination is proposed:</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038987E6FFA3430775BBE1503409FA2F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz (2025): Five new species of Polana (Polana) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini) from Brazil and Costa Rica, and new combinations in the genus. Zootaxa 5584 (2): 179-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2
038987E6FFA3430775BBE45C325EFCB3.text	038987E6FFA3430775BBE45C325EFCB3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polana elera (DeLong & Freytag 1972) DeLong & Freytag 1972	<div><p>Polana elera DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972 comb. nov.</p><p>Polana (Largulara) elera DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972: 293 .</p><p>Polana (Varpulana) elera —Freytag, 1992: 140.</p><p>Remarks. Similar to  P. ardua, the male genitalia of  Polana elera (DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972: 294, figs 296–298) is identical to the genitalia of  Effossana tenuemarginata Domahovski &amp; Cavichioli, 2023 (see figures 41G–M in Domahovski &amp; Cavichioli, 2023: 146), but with distinctly smaller length of body and different coloration. In addition, its male genitalia strongly contrast with the other species of  Varpulana as noted by Domahovski &amp; Cavichioli (2017). Therefore, this species is here considered as incertae sedis within  Polana .</p><p>DeLong &amp; Triplehorn (1979) described five species of  Polana from Peru, placing four in the subgenus  Nihilana . However, two of these species have a pair of processes arising from the basal portion of the aedeagus and therefore cannot be placed in  Nihilana, because one of the diagnostic features of  Nihilana is the absence of the basal pair of processes (called ‘parameres’ by the authors). Both subgenera,  Nihilana and  Polana have the pygofer with basodorsal hooked-shape processes (DeLong &amp; Freytag 1972). The new combinations are as follows:</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038987E6FFA3430775BBE45C325EFCB3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz (2025): Five new species of Polana (Polana) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini) from Brazil and Costa Rica, and new combinations in the genus. Zootaxa 5584 (2): 179-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2
038987E6FFA3430675BBE0DC3651FE3E.text	038987E6FFA3430675BBE0DC3651FE3E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polana (Nihilana) villara (DeLong 1979) DeLong 1979	<div><p>Polana (Nihilana) villara DeLong, 1979 comb. nov.</p><p>Polana (Polana) villara DeLong, 1979: 153 .</p><p>Remarks. The aedeagus of  P. villara has processes at one-third length of the shaft that are not homologous to the basolateral pair present in species of the subgenus  Polana . Therefore, this species is transferred to the subgenus  Nihilana .</p><p>DeLong (1980) described six new species of  Polana from Colombia, Peru, Bolivia, Panama and USA (Florida). In the abstract it is clear that two species,  P. caputa and  P. carla are placed in the subgenus  Polana, and the other four species are placed in the subgenus  Nihilana, there misspelled as ‘ Nililana ’. However, the taxonomic notes for  P. caputa mention that the species is placed in the subgenus  Polanana whereas those for  P. carla mentioned that the species is placed in the subgenus  Polana . These two species are also compared with two species that belong to the subgenus  Polanana,  P. truncata DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972 and  P. falsa DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972 . According to DeLong &amp; Freytag (1972), the subgenus  Polanana is recognized by the absence of processes on the basodorsal portion of the pygofer and on the basal portion of the aedeagus.</p><p>Polana robusta, placed in the subgenus  Nihilana is compared with two species of the subgenus  Polana,  P. gelera DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972 and  P. spindella DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972, misspelled as ‘ gelara ’ and ‘ spinella ’ by the author.</p><p>The other three species described in this paper,  P. tortora,  P. scutica, and  P. cochlea are compared with species of the subgenus  Nihilana, and have genital features compatible with the subgenus  Nihilana (male pygofer with pair of processes with hooked apex and aedeagus without pair of lateral processes at base) and therefore are correctly placed in  Nihilana .</p><p>Considering that the information in DeLong’s (1980) abstract is valid, the following combinations are proposed:</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038987E6FFA3430675BBE0DC3651FE3E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz (2025): Five new species of Polana (Polana) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini) from Brazil and Costa Rica, and new combinations in the genus. Zootaxa 5584 (2): 179-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2
038987E6FFA2430675BBE0083266F952.text	038987E6FFA2430675BBE0083266F952.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polana (Hobemanella) chena (DeLong & Wolda 1978) DeLong & Wolda 1978	<div><p>Polana (Hobemanella) chena DeLong &amp; Wolda, 1978 comb. nov.</p><p>Polana (Polanana) chena DeLong &amp; Wolda, 1978: 229 .</p><p>Remarks. The subgenus  Hobemanella is recognized mainly by the following features: (1) head as in the subgenus  Polana (slightly narrower than pronotum); (2) pygofer with or without dorsal processes; when present, variable in structure; (3) aedeagus strongly curved near base, with pair of processes arising from the dorsal apodeme.According to the original description and illustrations (DeLong &amp; Wolda 1978: 229, figs 6–10),  Polana chena has the three characteristics listed above and therefore is here transferred to the subgenus  Hobemanella .</p><p>DeLong &amp; Foster (1982) described six species of  Polana in the subgenera  Polana,  Polanana and  Nihilana .  Polana pravida, one of the species placed in the subgenus  Polana is similar to  P. villara, with processes near the mid-length of the aedeagal shaft, but without processes near base. Therefore, the following combination is proposed:</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038987E6FFA2430675BBE0083266F952	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz (2025): Five new species of Polana (Polana) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini) from Brazil and Costa Rica, and new combinations in the genus. Zootaxa 5584 (2): 179-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2
038987E6FFA2430675BBE6B8335BFAE2.text	038987E6FFA2430675BBE6B8335BFAE2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polana (Polana) robusta (DeLong 1980) DeLong 1980	<div><p>Polana (Polana) robusta DeLong, 1980 comb. nov.</p><p>Polana (Nihilana) robusta DeLong, 1980: 126 .</p><p>Remarks. Is clear in the illustration of the  Polana robusta aedeagus that it has processes at the base, as also mentioned in the original description: “A pair of processes arise at base and curve ventrally, then apically and dorsally, extending three-fourths length of shaft” (DeLong 1980: 127, figs 11, 12); the pygofer has a basodorsal apically hooked process (DeLong 1980: 127, fig. 15). These features support including this species in the subgenus  Polana .</p><p>DeLong &amp; Wolda (1978) described two species from Panama, placing both in the subgenus  Polanana . However, one of them,  Polana chena, has long processes on the dorsal apodeme of the aedeagus, which disagrees with the diagnosis of  Polanana . Therefore, the following new combination is proposed:</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038987E6FFA2430675BBE6B8335BFAE2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz (2025): Five new species of Polana (Polana) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini) from Brazil and Costa Rica, and new combinations in the genus. Zootaxa 5584 (2): 179-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2
038987E6FFA2430675BBE4CC3314FD46.text	038987E6FFA2430675BBE4CC3314FD46.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polana (Polanana) caputa (DeLong 1980) DeLong 1980	<div><p>Polana (Polanana) caputa DeLong, 1980 comb. nov.</p><p>Polana (Polana) caputa DeLong, 1980: 125 .</p><p>Remarks. According to the description and illustrations of this species, the pygofer and aedeagus lack basal processes (DeLong 1980: 127, figs 1–5). Following the diagnosis of the subgenus  Polanana and key to subgenera provided by DeLong &amp; Freytag (1972), this species is here transferred to  Polanana .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038987E6FFA2430675BBE4CC3314FD46	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz (2025): Five new species of Polana (Polana) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini) from Brazil and Costa Rica, and new combinations in the genus. Zootaxa 5584 (2): 179-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2
038987E6FFA2430675BBE7E43422FCB2.text	038987E6FFA2430675BBE7E43422FCB2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polana (Polanana) carla (DeLong 1980) DeLong 1980	<div><p>Polana (Polanana) carla DeLong, 1980 comb. nov.</p><p>Polana (Polana) carla DeLong, 1980: 126 .</p><p>Remarks. As in  P. caputa, this species lacks basal processes on pygofer and aedeagus (DeLong 1980: 127, figs 6–10) and therefore is here transferred to the subgenus  Polanana .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038987E6FFA2430675BBE7E43422FCB2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz (2025): Five new species of Polana (Polana) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini) from Brazil and Costa Rica, and new combinations in the genus. Zootaxa 5584 (2): 179-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2
038987E6FFA2430575BBE3D83594FEF2.text	038987E6FFA2430575BBE3D83594FEF2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polana (Nihilana) pravida (DeLong & Foster 1982) DeLong & Foster 1982	<div><p>Polana (Nihilana) pravida DeLong &amp; Foster, 1982 comb. nov.</p><p>Polana (Polana) pravida DeLong &amp; Foster, 1982: 324 .</p><p>Remarks. The median processes of the aedeagal shaft were originally described as follows: “A long slender process arises each side near middle of shaft and extends to the apex”. Therefore  P. pravida lacks processes at the base of the aedeagus. Following the key to subgenera provided by DeLong &amp; Freytag (1972), this species cannot be placed in the subgenus  Polana .</p><p>DeLong &amp; Wolda (1982) described five species of  Polana, placing them in the subgenera  Nihilana,  Polana, and  Polanana . However, the three species placed in the subgenus  Polana,  P. tinae,  P. divesita, and  P. julna lack processes on the pygofer and base of aedeagus, as shown in the descriptions and illustrations provided. Therefore, the three species are transferred to the subgenus  Polanana:</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038987E6FFA2430575BBE3D83594FEF2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz (2025): Five new species of Polana (Polana) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini) from Brazil and Costa Rica, and new combinations in the genus. Zootaxa 5584 (2): 179-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2
038987E6FFA1430575BBE12832D5FAE2.text	038987E6FFA1430575BBE12832D5FAE2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polana (Bulbusana) cumbresa (DeLong & Wolda 1984) DeLong & Wolda 1984	<div><p>Polana (Bulbusana) cumbresa DeLong &amp; Wolda, 1984 comb. nov.</p><p>Polana cumbresa DeLong &amp; Wolda, 1984: 24 .</p><p>Remarks. The subgenus  Bulbusana was defined by the presence of basal processes on the aedeagus and the pygofer with basodorsal processes rounded apically (DeLong &amp; Freytag 1972).The taxonomic notes on  P.cumbresa mentioned that this species “is related to  P. icara ” DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972 ”, a species of the subgenus  Polana . However, the illustration of the pygofer (DeLong &amp; Wolda, 1984: 25, fig. 21) and its description: “Pygofer rounded apically, bearing a dorsal process which is rounded apically” indicates that the species belongs to the subgenus  Bulbusana .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038987E6FFA1430575BBE12832D5FAE2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz (2025): Five new species of Polana (Polana) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini) from Brazil and Costa Rica, and new combinations in the genus. Zootaxa 5584 (2): 179-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2
038987E6FFA1430575BBE00835E9F9C2.text	038987E6FFA1430575BBE00835E9F9C2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polana (Bulbusana) gatunana (DeLong & Wolda 1984) DeLong & Wolda 1984	<div><p>Polana (Bulbusana) gatunana DeLong &amp; Wolda, 1984 comb. nov.</p><p>Polana gatunana DeLong &amp; Wolda, 1984: 23 .</p><p>Remarks.  Polana gatunana is a similar case to that of  P. cumbresa, because its pygofer has a rounded apically process (DeLong &amp; Wolda 1984: 25, fig. 15), a feature of the subgenus  Bulbusana . But, in the taxonomic notes,  P. gatunana is compared to  P. fina DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972, a species of the subgenus  Nihilana . Both  P. gatunana and  P. cumbresa have the aedeagus structure similar to that of many other species placed in  Bulbusana, and therefore,  P. gatunana is assigned to the subgenus  Bulbusana .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038987E6FFA1430575BBE00835E9F9C2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz (2025): Five new species of Polana (Polana) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini) from Brazil and Costa Rica, and new combinations in the genus. Zootaxa 5584 (2): 179-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2
038987E6FFA1430575BBE36833D3F87A.text	038987E6FFA1430575BBE36833D3F87A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polana (Hobemanella) censora (DeLong & Wolda 1984) DeLong & Wolda 1984	<div><p>Polana (Hobemanella) censora DeLong &amp; Wolda, 1984 comb. nov.</p><p>Polana censora DeLong &amp; Wolda, 1984: 27 .</p><p>Remarks. The aedeagus of  Polana censora has a pair of processes arising from the dorsal apodeme, and the male pygofer lacks processes. Following the key to subgenera of DeLong &amp; Freytag (1972), and considering its coloration and head shape, this species can be assigned to the subgenus  Hobemanella . Inexplicably, the remarks for this species mentioned that  P. censora is “related to  P. glebra DeLong (1979, p. 152) from which it can be separated by the broader aedeagus, in ventral view, and by the absence of basolateral processes”. However, DeLong (1979) described  Gypona glebra on page 152, and a species named “  P. glebra ” does not exist in any other published work, suggesting that DeLong mistakenly referred  G. glebra to the incorrect genus in the same publication.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038987E6FFA1430575BBE36833D3F87A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz (2025): Five new species of Polana (Polana) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini) from Brazil and Costa Rica, and new combinations in the genus. Zootaxa 5584 (2): 179-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2
038987E6FFA1430575BBE47836D0FE1A.text	038987E6FFA1430575BBE47836D0FE1A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polana (Polanana) diversita (DeLong & Wolda 1982) DeLong & Wolda 1982	<div><p>Polana (Polanana) diversita DeLong &amp; Wolda, 1982 comb. nov.</p><p>Polana (Polana) diversita DeLong &amp; Wolda, 1982: 307 .</p><p>Remarks. The aedeagus has two pairs of apical processes, with the inner pair shorter than the outer pair, and the pygofer lacks processes (DeLong &amp; Wolda 1982: 308, figs 51–55). These features disagree with those proposed for the subgenus  Polana .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038987E6FFA1430575BBE47836D0FE1A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz (2025): Five new species of Polana (Polana) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini) from Brazil and Costa Rica, and new combinations in the genus. Zootaxa 5584 (2): 179-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2
038987E6FFA1430575BBE71032DDFD46.text	038987E6FFA1430575BBE71032DDFD46.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polana (Polanana) julna (DeLong & Wolda 1982) DeLong & Wolda 1982	<div><p>Polana (Polanana) julna DeLong &amp; Wolda, 1982 comb. nov.</p><p>Polana (Polana) julna DeLong &amp; Wolda, 1982: 308 .</p><p>Remarks. The aedeagus has two pairs of apical processes, both the same length, and the pygofer lacks processes (DeLong &amp; Wolda 1982: 308, figs 56–60). These features disagree with those proposed for the subgenus  Polana .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038987E6FFA1430575BBE71032DDFD46	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz (2025): Five new species of Polana (Polana) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini) from Brazil and Costa Rica, and new combinations in the genus. Zootaxa 5584 (2): 179-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2
038987E6FFA1430575BBE7E43645FC02.text	038987E6FFA1430575BBE7E43645FC02.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polana (Polanana) tinae (DeLong & Wolda 1982) DeLong & Wolda 1982	<div><p>Polana (Polanana) tinae DeLong &amp; Wolda, 1982 comb. nov.</p><p>Polana (Polana) tinae DeLong &amp; Wolda, 1982: 307 .</p><p>Remarks. The aedeagus has only one pair of apical processes and the pygofer lacks processes (DeLong &amp; Wolda 1982: 308, figs 46–50). These features disagree with those proposed for the subgenus  Polana .</p><p>DeLong &amp; Wolda (1984) described seven species of  Polana from Panama, but with no explanation of why they were not placed to subgenera. Based in the descriptions and illustrations, these species are newly assigned to subgenera as follows:</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038987E6FFA1430575BBE7E43645FC02	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz (2025): Five new species of Polana (Polana) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini) from Brazil and Costa Rica, and new combinations in the genus. Zootaxa 5584 (2): 179-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2
038987E6FFA0430475BBE5A43696FE8E.text	038987E6FFA0430475BBE5A43696FE8E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polana (Polanana) boquetea (DeLong & Wolda 1984) DeLong & Wolda 1984	<div><p>Polana (Polanana) boquetea DeLong &amp; Wolda, 1984 comb. nov.</p><p>Polana boquetea DeLong &amp; Wolda, 1984: 26 .</p><p>Remarks. The pygofer and aedeagus of this species lack processes (DeLong &amp; Wolda 1984: 25, figs 26-31). In their remarks, the original authors compared  P. boquetea with  P. vana DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972, a species of the subgenus  Bulbusana . The absence of processes on the pygofer and aedeagus are indicative that  P. boquetea belongs in the subgenus  Polanana .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038987E6FFA0430475BBE5A43696FE8E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz (2025): Five new species of Polana (Polana) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini) from Brazil and Costa Rica, and new combinations in the genus. Zootaxa 5584 (2): 179-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2
038987E6FFA0430475BBE4BC341AFDD9.text	038987E6FFA0430475BBE4BC341AFDD9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polana (Polanana) calvanoa (DeLong & Wolda 1984) DeLong & Wolda 1984	<div><p>Polana (Polanana) calvanoa DeLong &amp; Wolda, 1984 comb. nov.</p><p>Polana calvanoa DeLong &amp; Wolda, 1984: 26 .</p><p>Remarks. As in  P. boquetea, the aedeagus and pygofer of  P. calvanoa lack processes. In the original remarks,  P. calvanoa was compared with the type-species of the subgenus  Varpulana,  Polana alata DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972 but these species differ in the shape of the style and aedeagus.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038987E6FFA0430475BBE4BC341AFDD9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz (2025): Five new species of Polana (Polana) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini) from Brazil and Costa Rica, and new combinations in the genus. Zootaxa 5584 (2): 179-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2
038987E6FFA0430475BBE7513223FCE3.text	038987E6FFA0430475BBE7513223FCE3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polana (Polanana) clavata (DeLong & Wolda 1984) DeLong & Wolda 1984	<div><p>Polana (Polanana) clavata DeLong &amp; Wolda, 1984 comb. nov.</p><p>Polana clavata DeLong &amp; Wolda, 1984: 23 .</p><p>Remarks. As in  P. boquetea and  P. calvanoa the aedeagus and pygofer of  P. calvanoa lacks processes. In the original remarks, the authors compared  P. clavata with  P. falsa DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972, a species of the subgenus  Polanana, although the genitalia are quite different.  Polana clavata is here assigned to the subgenus  Polanana .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038987E6FFA0430475BBE7513223FCE3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz (2025): Five new species of Polana (Polana) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini) from Brazil and Costa Rica, and new combinations in the genus. Zootaxa 5584 (2): 179-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2
038987E6FFA0430475BBE60A34E9FC52.text	038987E6FFA0430475BBE60A34E9FC52.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polana (Polanana) miramara (DeLong & Wolda 1984) DeLong & Wolda 1984	<div><p>Polana (Polanana) miramara DeLong &amp; Wolda, 1984 comb. nov.</p><p>Polana miramara DeLong &amp; Wolda, 1984: 22 .</p><p>Remarks. Pygofer processes are absent and the aedeagus of  Polana miramara bears only one pair of subapical processes. Therefore, this species is assigned to the subgenus  Polanana .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038987E6FFA0430475BBE60A34E9FC52	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz (2025): Five new species of Polana (Polana) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini) from Brazil and Costa Rica, and new combinations in the genus. Zootaxa 5584 (2): 179-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2
038987E6FFA0430275BBE13C32CBFE6F.text	038987E6FFA0430275BBE13C32CBFE6F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polana (Polana) DeLong 1942	<div><p>Key to males of the subgenus  Polana</p><p>1. Style (Fig. 9J) foot-shaped apically, ventral margin bearing prominent projection near mid-length of blade............... 2</p><p>- Style (Fig. 2J) not foot-shaped, without projection on ventral margin of blade..................................... 13</p><p>2. Aedeagus (Fig. 9L) shaft without processes................................................................ 3</p><p>- Aedeagus (Fig. 9L) shaft with apical or subapical processes.................................................... 4</p><p>3. Subgenital plate (Fig. 9H) elongated, 2x longer than wide. Style (Fig. 9J) ventral projection robust and rounded..................................................................................................  P. torta sp. nov.</p><p>- Subgenital plate (DeLong &amp; Freytag 1972: 278, fig. 197) short, almost as long as wide. Style (DeLong &amp; Freytag 1972: 278, fig. 196) ventral projection slender.............................................  P. mala DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972</p><p>4. Aedeagus (DeLong 1984: 49, fig. 18) basolateral processes short and membranous; shaft with subapical processes directed dorsally, branched medially forming a short spur.........................................  P. confusa DeLong, 1984</p><p>- Aedeagus basolateral processes long, not membranous; shaft with apical or subapical processes directed ventrally, laterally, or curved dorsally, never branched.......................................................................... 5</p><p>5. Aedeagus (DeLong &amp; Freytag 1972: 278, fig. 205) basolateral processes not widened near base and without projection on ventral margin near base............................................................................... 6</p><p>- Aedeagus (DeLong &amp; Freytag 1972: 274, fig. 185) basolateral processes widened near base or with projection on ventral margin near base..................................................................................... 8</p><p>6. Aedeagus (DeLong &amp; Freytag 1972: 274, fig. 175) apical processes very short, spiniform..................................................................................................  P. principia DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972</p><p>- Aedeagus (DeLong &amp; Freytag 1972: 278, fig. 205) apical or subapical processes approximately one third length of shaft... 7</p><p>7. Aedeagus (DeLong &amp; Freytag 1972: 274, fig. 170) with pair of apical processes twisted apically..............................................................................................  P. aspersa DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972</p><p>- Aedeagus (DeLong &amp; Freytag 1972: 278, fig. 205) with pair of subapical processes not twisted apically...........................................................................................  P. peda DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972</p><p>8. Aedeagus (DeLong &amp; Freytag 1972: 271, fig. 165) shaft with pair of subapical processes............................ 9</p><p>- Aedeagus (DeLong 1980: 128, figs 11, 12) shaft with pair of apical processes........  P. robusta DeLong, 1980 comb. nov.</p><p>9. Aedeagus shaft with pair of subapical processes directed laterally or curved dorsally.............................. 10</p><p>- Aedeagus shaft with pair of subapical processes directed ventrally............................................. 11</p><p>10. Aedeagus (DeLong &amp; Freytag 1972: 274, fig. 184) shaft with pair of subapical processes elongated, directed laterally..............................................................................  P. gelera DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972</p><p>- Aedeagus (DeLong &amp; Freytag 1972: 274, fig. 180) shaft with pair of subapical processes short, curved dorsally.................................................................................  P. spindella DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972</p><p>11. Aedeagus (DeLong &amp; Freytag 1972: 271, figs 154, 155) with apical portion expanded, spatulate, not curved ventrally..............................................................................  P. quadrinotata (Spångberg, 1878)</p><p>- Aedeagus apical portion recurved ventrally............................................................... 12</p><p>12. Aedeagus (DeLong &amp; Freytag 1972: 271, figs 164, 165) basolateral processes as long as shaft, with apex not tapered, bluntly pointed; shaft with subapical processes, in posterior view, approximately parallel to shaft...  P. pensa DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972</p><p>- Aedeagus (DeLong &amp; Freytag 1972: 271, figs 159, 160) basolateral processes shorter than shaft, with apex tapered and acute; shaft with subapical processes, in posterior view, directed lateroventrally...............  P. unca DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972</p><p>13. Aedeagus (Fig. 4K) basolateral processes branched......................................................... 14</p><p>- Aedeagus basolateral processes not branched.............................................................. 16</p><p>14. Aedeagus (Fig. 4K) basolateral processes strongly widened near base..............................  P. insolita sp. nov.</p><p>- Aedeagus basolateral processes slender................................................................... 15</p><p>15. Aedeagus (DeLong &amp; Freytag 1972: 278, fig. 189) basolateral processes with outer branch about half as long as inner branch, both directed dorsally.......................................................  P. optata DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972</p><p>- Aedeagus (DeLong &amp; Foster 1982: 325, fig. 1) basolateral processes with apical branch short, directed dorsally, and subapical long branch directed ventrally.............................................  P. portochuela DeLong &amp; Foster, 1982</p><p>16. Style (DeLong &amp; Freytag 1972: 288, fig. 266) blade with distal portion abruptly and greatly expanded above basal portion.. 17</p><p>- Style blade with distal portion not expanded or progressively expanding towards apex.............................. 22</p><p>17. Aedeagus (DeLong &amp; Freytag 1972: 278, fig. 199) shaft with pair of subapical processes....  P. nidula DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972</p><p>- Aedeagus shaft pair of apical processes................................................................... 18</p><p>18. Aedeagus apical processes directed ventrally or laterally..................................................... 19</p><p>- Aedeagus apical processes directed dorsally............................................................... 20</p><p>19. Aedeagus (DeLong &amp; Freytag 1972: 287, figs 264, 265) basolateral processes slender, parallel to shaft; apical processes directed ventrally.................................................................  P. alitera DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972</p><p>- Aedeagus (DeLong &amp; Freytag 1972: 287, figs 254, 255) basolateral processes robust, not parallel to shaft; apical processes directed laterally............................................................  P. parca DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972</p><p>20. Aedeagus (DeLong &amp; Foster 1982: 325, figs 6, 7) basolateral processes with apical portion abruptly curved ventrally.................................................................................  P. innata DeLong &amp; Foster, 1982</p><p>- Aedeagus basolateral processes with apical portion straight or slightly curved dorsally............................. 21</p><p>21. Pygofer (DeLong &amp; Freytag 1972: 281, fig. 213) with basodorsal processes tapered apically. Aedeagus (DeLong &amp; Freytag 1972: 281, fig. 210) basolateral processes short, extending to apical third of shaft; shaft in lateral view slender.....................................................................................  P. bulba DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972</p><p>- Pygofer (DeLong &amp; Freytag 1972: 287, fig. 263) with basodorsal processes expanded apically, bearing two dorsal teeth. Aedeagus (DeLong &amp; Freytag 1972: 287, fig. 260) basolateral processes as long as shaft; shaft in lateral view strongly expanded medially......................................................................  P. fusconotata (Osborn, 1938)</p><p>22. Aedeagus basolateral processes with apical portion abruptly bending ventrally.................................... 23</p><p>- Aedeagus basolateral processes with apical portion not curved ventrally......................................... 25</p><p>23. Aedeagus (DeLong &amp; Freytag 1972: 287, figs 249, 250) shaft without processes........  P. ruppeli DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972</p><p>- Aedeagus shaft with pair of apical processes............................................................... 24</p><p>24. Pygofer (DeLong &amp; Freytag 1972: 283, fig. 248) basodorsal process with teeth not prominent.................................................................................................  P. scruta DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972</p><p>- Pygofer (DeLong &amp; Freytag 1972: 283, fig. 243) basodorsal process with prominent teeth..................................................................................................  P. squalera DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972</p><p>25. Aedeagus (Fig. 7K) basolateral processes, in lateral view, strongly widened medially................  P. sinopensis sp. nov.</p><p>- Aedeagus basolateral processes, in lateral view, slender, not widened medially.................................... 26</p><p>26. Aedeagus (DeLong &amp; Freytag 1972: 283, fig. 235) shaft with pair of processes at mid-length..................................................................................................  P. coresa DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972</p><p>- Aedeagus shaft without processes at mid-length............................................................ 27</p><p>27. Aedeagus shaft, in posterior view, strongly widened......................................................... 28</p><p>- Aedeagus shaft, in posterior view, slender or only widened apically............................................. 29</p><p>28. Aedeagus (DeLong &amp; Freytag 1972: 281, figs 214, 215), in lateral view, elevated from base to near apical third; in posterior view, shaft with about 2x longer than wide, with two pairs of short lateral processes on apical third.............................................................................................  P. lanara DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972</p><p>- Aedeagus (Fig. 2K), in lateral view, basal portion strongly elevated and abruptly narrowing in the apical two-thirds; in posterior view, more than 3x longer than wide, with three short apical and subapical processes; apical portion bifid, each ramus with three short spine-like processes..................................................................  P. inflexa sp. nov.</p><p>29. Aedeagus (DeLong &amp; Triplehorn 1979: 188, fig. 69) shaft with pair of long dorsal processes near base.............................................................................  P. thugana DeLong &amp; Triplehorn, 1979 comb. nov.</p><p>- Aedeagus shaft without dorsal processes near base.......................................................... 30</p><p>30. Aedeagus (DeLong &amp; Triplehorn 1979: 181, fig. 61) apex with row of spine-like processes.........................................................................................  P. onara DeLong &amp; Triplehorn, 1979 comb. nov.</p><p>- Aedeagus apex without row of spine-like processes......................................................... 31</p><p>31. Aedeagus (Fig. 5K) basolateral processes short, almost membranous, extending to midlength of shaft...  P. languida sp. nov.</p><p>- Aedeagus basolateral processes extending to apex of shaft.................................................... 32</p><p>32. Aedeagus (DeLong &amp; Freytag 1972: 283, figs 229, 230), in posterior view, shaft apical portion not widened, with minute pair of processes.............................................................  P. flectara DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972</p><p>- Aedeagus, in posterior view, shaft apical portion widened, with pair of apical or subapical processes about 1/4 length of shaft .................................................................................................. 33</p><p>33. Aedeagus (DeLong &amp; Freytag 1972: 281, figs 219, 220) basodorsal process robust; shaft with pair of subapical processes..........................................................................  P. inimica DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972</p><p>- Aedeagus (DeLong &amp; Freytag 1972: 281, figs 224, 225) basodorsal process slender; shaft with pair of apical processes.............................................................................  P. merga DeLong &amp; Freytag, 1972</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038987E6FFA0430275BBE13C32CBFE6F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz (2025): Five new species of Polana (Polana) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini) from Brazil and Costa Rica, and new combinations in the genus. Zootaxa 5584 (2): 179-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2
