taxonID	type	description	language	source
038987E6FFB2431575BBE0943377FBC7.taxon	type_taxon	Type-species: Gypona quadrinotata Spångberg, 1878: 56.	en	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz (2025): Five new species of Polana (Polana) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini) from Brazil and Costa Rica, and new combinations in the genus. Zootaxa 5584 (2): 179-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2
038987E6FFB1431275BBE14837B4F80A.taxon	description	(Figs 1 A, B, 2, 3)	en	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz (2025): Five new species of Polana (Polana) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini) from Brazil and Costa Rica, and new combinations in the genus. Zootaxa 5584 (2): 179-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2
038987E6FFB1431275BBE14837B4F80A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Style (Fig. 2 J), in lateral view, blade narrow, slightly widening subapically; ventral margin smooth. Aedeagus (Fig. 2 K, L) with pair of basolateral processes slender, tapering to apex, not surpassing apex of shaft; shaft elongate, curved anterad, flattened in lateral view; apical portion bifid, each ramus forming three short processes.	en	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz (2025): Five new species of Polana (Polana) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini) from Brazil and Costa Rica, and new combinations in the genus. Zootaxa 5584 (2): 179-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2
038987E6FFB1431275BBE14837B4F80A.taxon	description	Measurements. Holotype male: total length 7.4 mm. Paratypes: males, 7.0 – 7.5 mm (n = 19); females, 7.5 – 8.1 mm (n = 10).	en	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz (2025): Five new species of Polana (Polana) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini) from Brazil and Costa Rica, and new combinations in the genus. Zootaxa 5584 (2): 179-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2
038987E6FFB1431275BBE14837B4F80A.taxon	biology_ecology	Coloration. Head and thorax (Figs 1 A, B, 2 A – D) yellowish-brown. Crown (Fig. 2 A) with two small rounded brown spots behind ocelli, near posterior margin; coronal suture black. Face (Fig. 2 B) with yellow macula between eye and frons. Pronotum (Fig. 2 A) with six black maculae near anterior margin. Proepimeron (Fig. 2 C) with pronotal carina yellow with a black macula near posterior corner of eye. Mesonotum (Fig. 2 A) mostly yellow with large pair of black macula near lateral angle. Forewing (Figs 1 A, B, 2 D) yellowish-brown; veins brown outlined; costal margin with yellow elongated macula distal to the bifurcation of the MR veins; black markings on base of clavus, cross veins of discal cells, apex of A 1 and Pcu, and cross veins of apical cells.	en	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz (2025): Five new species of Polana (Polana) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini) from Brazil and Costa Rica, and new combinations in the genus. Zootaxa 5584 (2): 179-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2
038987E6FFB1431275BBE14837B4F80A.taxon	description	Description. Body (Fig. 1 A, B) approximately oval, not flattened dorsoventrally. Head (Fig. 2 A), in dorsal view, not produced; median length of crown one-third as long as interocular width; crown with transverse parallel striae, anterior margin of crown approximately parallel to posterior margin; transocular width of head slightly narrower than maximum pronotum width; ocelli equidistant between eyes and median line and near to anterior than to posterior margin of crown. Head (Fig. 2 B), in ventral view, with face wider than long; frontogenal suture distant from eye margins by half apical width of clypeus and surpassing antennal ledge, extending to anterior margin of crown by a short distance; antennal ledge carinate, oriented obliquely downwards in relation to frons and extending over frons by short distance; frons approximately as long as wide medially, surface with texture shagreen, not excavated below anterior margin of crown; epistomal suture indistinct medially; clypeus not inflated, approximately as long as wide at base, lateral margins convergent apically, apex carinate; maxillary plate produced ventrally as far as clypeus apex; gena with ventrolateral margins slightly convex at mid-length. Head (Fig. 2 C), in lateral view, with crown-face transition rounded and with several parallel striae. Pronotum (Fig. 2 A), in dorsal view, with transverse striae on disc and posterior third; lateral margins converging anterad, as long as eye length; in lateral view (Fig. 2 C), slightly declivous, continuous with the head declivity. Forewing (Fig. 2 D) without extra crossveins; venation distinct; M vein with segment after the divergence between R + M and before the cross vein m-cu 1 more than 2 x longer than the length of m-cu 1; m-cu 2 located slightly after the connection between r-m 1 and the M vein; three subapical and five apical cell; appendix well developed and bordering first and second apical cells, narrower than maximum width of first apical cell. Profemur, with apical setae AD 1, AM 1, and PD 1 present and well developed; AV row with 5 setae on basal half; PV with 2 setae, one near base and the second subapically. Protibia, in cross-section, more or less cylindrical, with longitudinal carina adjacent to PD row; apical setae AD 1 and PD 1 present and well developed; AV row formed by long setae, gradually increasing in thickness and length towards apex; AD formed by many small undifferentiated setae; PD row with 2 – 3 long setae and intercalary small undifferentiated setae; PV row with 5 long setae. Hind leg with femoral setal formula 2: 2: 1; tibial rows PD, AD, and AV with 23 – 25, 12, and 13 – 15 macrosetae, respectively; AD row with intercalary small setae between macrosetae; PV row with setae of apical half formed by sequence of 1 thicker and 3 – 4 thinner setae; first tarsomere with two rows of 5 – 7 setae on plantar surface; apex with 4 patellae flanked by tapered lateral setae; second tarsomere pecten with 2 platellae flanked by 2 tapered lateral setae on inner and 1 on external corner. Male terminalia. Sternite VIII (Fig. 2 E) rectangular, 1.5 x longer than wide; posterior margin slightly produced medially and excavated laterally. Valve (Fig. 2 F) 2.4 x wider than long; integument thickening present only on anterior margin; posterior margin straight. Pygofer (Fig. 2 G) 1.5 x longer than high; basodorsal processes without subapical tooth; macrosetae dispersed on dorsoapical quadrant; ventral margin and apex rounded. Subgenital plate (Fig. 2 G) short, extending to half length of pygofer; in ventral view (Fig. 2 H) ovate, outer margin rounded with short setae on apical half; apex rounded. Connective (Fig. 2 I) linear, long, extending to apical fourth of style; stem with lateral margins weakly sclerotized; dorsal keel small. Style (Fig. 2 I), in dorsal view, outer lobe reduced; in lateral view (Fig. 2 J) blade narrow, slightly widening subapically; ventral margin smooth; apex with small process curved dorsally. Aedeagus (Fig. 2 K, L) with preatrium short; atrial portion strongly elevated; pair of basolateral processes slender, tapering to apex, not surpassing apex of shaft; shaft elongate, curved anterad, flattened in lateral view; apical portion bifid, each ramus forming three short processes. Female terminalia. Sternite VII (Fig. 3 A, B) 1.8 x wider than long; posterolateral corners rounded; posterior margin excavated laterad of rounded median lobe which is shallowly emarginated. Pygofer (Fig. 3 A, B) about 1.7 x longer than maximum height; macrosetae dispersed on dorsoapical fourth and ventroapical half; apex rounded. Internal sternite VIII membranous. First valvifer (Fig. 3 C) 1.7 x higher than long, trapezoid. First valvula (Fig. 3 C, D) 7 x higher than long, slightly curved dorsally; basal portion strongly produced anterad and rounded; ventral interlocking device short, restrict to basal third; ventral margin with oblique striae medially, and excavated subapically; apical third with dorsal sculptured area formed by scale-like processes arranged in oblique lines, with lateral carina bearing small rounded teeth; apex abruptly tapered and acute. Second valvula, in cross-section, with apical portion triangular, expanded laterally forming lateral carina, in lateral view (Fig. 3 E, F), 4.5 x higher than long, higher after the mid-length; dorsal protuberance absent; dorsal margin with few very small teeth subapically; apical portion gradually narrowed to acute apex. Second valvifer (Fig. 3 G) about 2.5 x longer than high. Gonoplac (Fig. 3 G, H), about 3.5 x longer than high; dorsoapical margin straight, short, with about one third length of gonoplac; outer surface with dentiform cuticular projections on ventral half, with few short setae on apical third; apex subacute.	en	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz (2025): Five new species of Polana (Polana) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini) from Brazil and Costa Rica, and new combinations in the genus. Zootaxa 5584 (2): 179-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2
038987E6FFB1431275BBE14837B4F80A.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The new species name comes from the Latin word “ inflexus ” meaning curved. It refers to the strongly curved aedeagus, in lateral view.	en	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz (2025): Five new species of Polana (Polana) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini) from Brazil and Costa Rica, and new combinations in the genus. Zootaxa 5584 (2): 179-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2
038987E6FFB1431275BBE14837B4F80A.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype male, BRAZIL, MATO GROSSO DO SUL: “ Brasil, MS, Chapadão do Sul, \ Pantanal, 18 º 46 ’ 30.09 ” S \ 52 º 31 ” 04.98 ” W ” 804 m \ 05. I. 2016, T. Taira leg. ” (DZUP). Paratypes: 1 ♀, same holotype data (DZUP); 1 ♂, same data, except 02. II. 2017 (DZUP); 2 ♂, 1 ♀, same data, except 08. III. 2016 (DZUP); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, same data, except 25. I. 2017 (DZRJ); 2 ♂, 1 ♀, same data, except 04. IV. 2016 (DZUP); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, same data, except 06. II. 2016 (DZUP); 1 ♂, same data, except 06. IV. 2016 (DZUP); 1 ♂, same data, except 25. II. 2016 (DZUP); 1 ♂, same data, except 21. III. 2017 (DZUP); 1 ♀, same data, except 05. III. 2016 (DZUP); DISTRITO FEDERAL: 1 ♂, “ Brasil, Brasília-D ♀, \ Fazenda Água Limpa \ M. Galeria, malaise, 09 - \ 23. XI. 2017 J. R. P. Luz. ” (DZUP); GOIÁS: 1 ♂, “ Brasil, GO, Novo Mundo, \ Armadilha Malaise \ 13.9292 ºS 49.9716 ºW, \ 282 m, 26. XI. 2010 ” (DZUP); PARANÁ: 1 ♂, 4 ♀, Brasil, Paraná, Rib \ do Pinhal (Café- \ Campo) xi. 1998 \ A. M. Meneguim. ” (DZUP); 1 ♂, “ Jundiaí do Sul - PR \ Fazenda Monte Verde \ Brasil 16. IX. 1986 \ Lev. Ent. PROFAUPAR \ Malaise ” (DZUP); 1 ♂, same data, except 22. IX. 1986 (DZUP); 1 ♂, same data, except 03. X. 1986 (DZUP); 1 ♂, same data, except 03. XII. 1986 (DZUP); 1 ♂, same data, except 26. I. 1987 (DZUP); 1 ♂, same data, except 18. IV. 1988 (DZUP).	en	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz (2025): Five new species of Polana (Polana) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini) from Brazil and Costa Rica, and new combinations in the genus. Zootaxa 5584 (2): 179-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2
038987E6FFB1431275BBE14837B4F80A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The style of the new species is similar to those of P. optata, P. lanara, P. inimica, P. merga, P. rupelli, and the species here described, P. insolita sp. nov. and P. sinopensis sp. nov. but this species is easily differentiated due to the wide and strongly curved shaft of the aedeagus with the apex bifid, bearing three processes on each ramus.	en	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz (2025): Five new species of Polana (Polana) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini) from Brazil and Costa Rica, and new combinations in the genus. Zootaxa 5584 (2): 179-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2
038987E6FFB5431F75BBE36D365DFBFE.taxon	description	(Figs 1 C, D, 4)	en	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz (2025): Five new species of Polana (Polana) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini) from Brazil and Costa Rica, and new combinations in the genus. Zootaxa 5584 (2): 179-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2
038987E6FFB5431F75BBE36D365DFBFE.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Style (Fig. 4 J), in lateral view, blade narrow, slightly widening subapically; ventral margin smooth. Aedeagus (Fig. 4 K, L) with preatrium strongly developed; pair of basolateral processes with basal half wide, apical portion with two acute processes directed dorsally; shaft curved anterad, flattened in lateral view; basal portion 3 x wider than the apical half; apical portion bifid, membranous, with lateral margin sclerotized bearing row of short spiniform processes.	en	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz (2025): Five new species of Polana (Polana) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini) from Brazil and Costa Rica, and new combinations in the genus. Zootaxa 5584 (2): 179-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2
038987E6FFB5431F75BBE36D365DFBFE.taxon	description	Measurements. Holotype male: total length 7.3 mm. Paratypes: males, 6.4 – 7.0 mm (n = 5). Coloration. Head and thorax (Figs 1 C, D, 4 A – D) yellowish-brown. Crown (Fig. 4 A) with two small rounded black spots behind ocelli, near posterior margin; coronal suture black. Face (Fig. 4 B) without macula. Pronotum (Fig. 4 A) with eight black maculae near anterior margin. Proepimeron (Fig. 4 C) with a black macula near posterior corner of eye. Mesonotum (Fig. 4 A) with pair of black macula near lateral angle. Forewing (Figs 1 C, D, 4 D) yellowish-brown; veins brown outlined; black markings on base of clavus, cross veins of discal cells, apex of A 1 and Pcu, and cross veins of apical cells. Description. Equal to the description of Polana inflexa sp. nov. Male terminalia. Sternite VIII (Fig. 4 E) rectangular, 1.6 x longer than wide; posterior margin straight. Valve (Fig. 4 F) 2.4 x wider than long; integument thickening present only on anterior margin; posterior margin straight. Pygofer (Fig. 4 G) 1.5 x longer than high; basodorsal processes without subapical tooth; macrosetae dispersed on dorsoapical quadrant; ventral margin straight; apex rounded. Subgenital plate (Fig. 4 G) short, extending to half length of pygofer; in ventral view (Fig. 4 H) ovate, outer margin rounded with short setae on apical half; apex rounded. Connective (Fig. 4 I) linear, long, extending to apical fourth of style; stem with lateral margins weakly sclerotized; dorsal keel small. Style (Fig. 4 I), in dorsal view, outer lobe reduced; in lateral view (Fig. 4 J) blade narrow, slightly widening subapically; ventral margin smooth; apex with small process curved dorsally. Aedeagus (Fig. 4 K, L) with preatrium strongly developed; pair of basolateral processes with anterior half wide, tapering distally forming two acute processes directed dorsally: the apical 3 x longer than the subapical; shaft curved anterad, flattened in lateral view; basal portion 3 x wider than the apical half; apical portion bifid, membranous, with lateral margin sclerotized bearing row of short spiniform processes. Female. Unknown.	en	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz (2025): Five new species of Polana (Polana) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini) from Brazil and Costa Rica, and new combinations in the genus. Zootaxa 5584 (2): 179-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2
038987E6FFB5431F75BBE36D365DFBFE.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The new species name comes from the Latin word “ insolitum ” meaning unusual. It refers to the strange shape of aedeagus.	en	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz (2025): Five new species of Polana (Polana) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini) from Brazil and Costa Rica, and new combinations in the genus. Zootaxa 5584 (2): 179-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2
038987E6FFB5431F75BBE36D365DFBFE.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype male, BRAZIL, MATO GROSSO DO SUL: “ Brasil, Mato Grosso do \ Sul, Porto Murtinho, Faz. \ Campo Florido \ 09. xii. 2012 sweep \ M. Savaris & S. Lampert ” (DZUP). Paratypes: 1 ♂, same holotype data, except Luiz de Queiroz trap (DZUP); 3 ♂, “ Brasil, Mato Grosso do \ Sul, Porto Murtinho \ 11. II. 2012 (Arm. lum. \ Luiz de Queirós, luz \ negra) M. Savaris ” (DZUP); GOIÁS: 1 ♂, “ Brasil, GO, Novo Mundo, \ Armadilha Malaise \ 13.9292 ºS 49.9716 ºW, \ 282 m, 03. IV. 2011 ” (DZUP).	en	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz (2025): Five new species of Polana (Polana) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini) from Brazil and Costa Rica, and new combinations in the genus. Zootaxa 5584 (2): 179-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2
038987E6FFB5431F75BBE36D365DFBFE.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Polana insolita sp. nov. is easily separated from all from all species o the subgenus Polana due to the unusual form of the aedeagus, especially the pair of basally wide basolateral processes and with two acute processes apically; and the membranous apex of the shaft, with lateral margins sclerotized bearing rows of short spiniform processes.	en	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz (2025): Five new species of Polana (Polana) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini) from Brazil and Costa Rica, and new combinations in the genus. Zootaxa 5584 (2): 179-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2
038987E6FFBB431C75BBE1503603FD6A.taxon	description	(Figs 1 E, F, 5, 6)	en	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz (2025): Five new species of Polana (Polana) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini) from Brazil and Costa Rica, and new combinations in the genus. Zootaxa 5584 (2): 179-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2
038987E6FFBB431C75BBE1503603FD6A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Style (Fig. 5 J), in lateral view, blade nearly straight; ventral margin serrated; apex truncated. Aedeagus (Fig. 5 K, L) with pair of basolateral processes short, weakly sclerotized, extending to half length of shaft; shaft curved basally and straight distally, cylindrical; apex with pair of ventral processes, straight and directed ventrally.	en	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz (2025): Five new species of Polana (Polana) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini) from Brazil and Costa Rica, and new combinations in the genus. Zootaxa 5584 (2): 179-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2
038987E6FFBB431C75BBE1503603FD6A.taxon	description	Measurements. Holotype male: total length 6.0 mm. Paratypes: males 5.8 – 6.1 mm (n = 17); females 6.5 – 6.9 mm (n = 18). Coloration. Head and thorax (Figs 1 E, F, 5 A – D) yellowish-brown. Crown (Fig. 5 A) coronal suture black. Face (Fig. 5 B) with yellow irregular maculae on lorum and between eye and frons. Pronotum (Fig. 5 A) with six to eight black maculae near anterior margin and some irregular yellowish portions. Proepimeron (Fig. 5 C) with a black strip below the pronotal carina yellow. Mesonotum (Fig. 5 A) with two pairs of yellow spots, one on basolateral corner and one near scutoscutellar suture. Forewing (Figs 1 E, F, 5 D) yellowish-brown; veins weakly brown outlined, mostly on apical half; costal margin with yellow macula on basal third; apex of clavus smoky; black markings on base of clavus, cross veins of discal cells, apex of A 1 and Pcu veins, and cross veins of apical cells. Description. Similar to the description of Polana inflexa sp. nov. except: Head (Fig. 5 B), in ventral view, clypeus slightly inflated, 1.3 x wider than long at base, lateral margins sigmoid, strongly convergent apically. Forewing (Fig. 5 D) M vein with segment after the divergence between R + M and before the cross vein m-cu 1 more than 3 x longer than the length of m-cu 1. Male terminalia. Sternite VIII (Fig. 5 E) rectangular, 1.6 x longer than wide; posterior margin straight. Valve (Fig. 5 F) 2 x wider than long; integument thickening present only on anterior margin; posterior margin rounded. Pygofer (Fig. 5 G) 1.3 x longer than high; basodorsal processes with subapical tooth; macrosetae dispersed on dorsoapical quadrant; ventral margin straight; apex wide, broadly rounded. Subgenital plate (Fig. 5 G) extending almost to apical portion of pygofer; in ventral view (Fig. 5 H) ovate, outer margin rounded with short setae on apical half and some hair-like setae on basal half; apex slightly tapered and rounded. Connective (Fig. 5 I) T-shaped, extending to half length of style blade; stem wider apically; dorsal keel developed. Style (Fig. 5 I), in dorsal view, outer lobe reduced; in lateral view (Fig. 5 J) blade nearly straight; ventral margin serrated; apex truncated with small process directed dorsally. Aedeagus (Fig. 5 K, L) with preatrium short; dorsal apodeme rounded; pair of basolateral processes short, weakly sclerotized, extending to half length of shaft, tapering to acute apex; shaft curved basally and straight distally, cylindrical; apex with pair of ventral processes, straight and directed ventrally. Female terminalia. Sternite VII (Fig. 6 A, B) 1.8 x wider than long; posterolateral corners rounded; posterior margin excavated laterad of rounded median lobe. Pygofer (Fig. 6 A, B) about 1.7 x longer than maximum height; macrosetae dispersed on dorsoapical fourth and ventroapical half; apex rounded. Internal sternite VIII membranous. Ovipositor similar to the description of Polana inflexa sp. nov. except: First valvifer (Fig. 6 C) 1.3 x higher than long, almost square-shaped; outer surface with many dentiform cuticular projections. First valvula (Fig. 6 C, D) 6.5 x higher than long; basal portion weakly produced anterad and rounded. Second valvula (Fig. 6 E, F) 4.5 x higher than long; dorsal margin with few very small teeth subapically. Gonoplac (Fig. 6 G, H), about 2.9 x longer than high; dorsoapical margin strongly declivous.	en	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz (2025): Five new species of Polana (Polana) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini) from Brazil and Costa Rica, and new combinations in the genus. Zootaxa 5584 (2): 179-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2
038987E6FFBB431C75BBE1503603FD6A.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The epithet comes from the Latin word “ languidus ” meaning faint, weak. It refers to the weakly sclerotized basolateral processes of aedeagus.	en	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz (2025): Five new species of Polana (Polana) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini) from Brazil and Costa Rica, and new combinations in the genus. Zootaxa 5584 (2): 179-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2
038987E6FFBB431C75BBE1503603FD6A.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype male, BRAZIL, MATO GROSSO: “ Brasil, MT, Novo Mundo, \ Pq. Est. do Cristalino, \ 09.4517 ºS 55.8396 ºW, \ 240 m, sweep, 21 – 25. vi. \ 2017, A. C. Domahovski ” (DZUP). Paratypes: 13 ♂, 14 ♀, same holotype data (3 ♂, 4 ♀, DZRJ; 10 ♂, 10 ♀, DZUP); 1 ♂, “ Brasil, MT, Nova Ubiratã, \ E. S. E. C. Rio Ronuro, \ 13.1122 ºS, 54.4436 ºW, 330 m \ light trap, 11 - 16. vi. 2017, RR \ Cavichioli & AC Domahovski ” (DZUP); 1 ♂, 2 ♀, “ Brasil, MT, Cotriguaçu, Faz. \ São Nicolau, 09.8559 ° S, 58.2486 ° W, 230 m, light trap, \ 26 – 29. vi. 2017, RR Cavichioli \ & AC Domahovski ” (DZUP); RONDÔNIA: 1 ♂, 2 ♀, 16 - XI- 1991, Faz. \ Rancho Grande, Cacau- \ lândia, Arquimedes, RO \ Mielke leg. ” (DZUP); 1 ♂, “ Ouro Preto \ d’Oeste, RO \ 3. II. 1987 \ C. Elias ”, “ Projeto Po \ lonoroeste ” (DZUP).	en	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz (2025): Five new species of Polana (Polana) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini) from Brazil and Costa Rica, and new combinations in the genus. Zootaxa 5584 (2): 179-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2
038987E6FFBB431C75BBE1503603FD6A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The shape of the style and aedeagus are most similar to those of P. squarela and P. scruta, but the new species can be easily separated due to the aedeagus with basolateral pair of processes shorter, extending only the shaft midlength, whereas in P. squarela and P. scruta these processes are long, extending to the shaft apex, and curved ventrally.	en	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz (2025): Five new species of Polana (Polana) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini) from Brazil and Costa Rica, and new combinations in the genus. Zootaxa 5584 (2): 179-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2
038987E6FFB8431A75BBE7E43655F800.taxon	description	(Figs 1 G, H, 7, 8)	en	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz (2025): Five new species of Polana (Polana) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini) from Brazil and Costa Rica, and new combinations in the genus. Zootaxa 5584 (2): 179-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2
038987E6FFB8431A75BBE7E43655F800.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Style (Fig. 7 J), in lateral view, blade narrow, slightly widening subapically; ventral margin smooth. Aedeagus (Fig. 7 K, L) with pair of basolateral processes widened medially, apex acute extending to apical third of shaft; shaft, approximately cylindrical, curved basally and straight distally, subapical portion expanded laterally; apical portion bifid, with each ramus bifurcate.	en	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz (2025): Five new species of Polana (Polana) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini) from Brazil and Costa Rica, and new combinations in the genus. Zootaxa 5584 (2): 179-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2
038987E6FFB8431A75BBE7E43655F800.taxon	description	Measurements. Holotype male: total length 7.2 mm. Paratypes: males 7.0 – 7.4 mm (n = 26); females 7.5 – 8.3 mm (n = 33). Coloration. Head and thorax (Figs 1 G, H, 7 A – D) yellowish-brown. Crown (Fig. 7 A) coronal suture black. Face (Fig. 7 B) without maculae. Pronotum (Fig. 7 A) with six black maculae near anterior margin. Proepimeron (Fig. 7 C) with pronotal carina yellow. Mesonotum (Fig. 7 A) lateral angles brown; two pairs of faint yellow spots, one on basolateral corner and one near scutoscutellar suture. Forewing (Figs 1 G, H, 7 D) yellowish-brown; veins weakly brown outlined, mostly on apical half; apex of clavus smoky, forming a faint brown stripe extending to subapical cells; black markings on base of clavus, cross veins of discal cells, apex of A 1 and Pcu, and cross veins of apical cells. Description. Similar to the description of Polana inflexa sp. nov. except: Head (Fig. 7 B), in ventral view, clypeus slightly inflated, 1.3 x wider than long at base, lateral margins sigmoid, strongly convergent apically. Forewing (Fig. 7 D) M vein with segment after the divergence between R + M and before the cross vein m-cu 1 more than 3 x longer than the length of m-cu 1. Male terminalia. Sternite VIII (Fig. 7 E) rectangular, 1.5 x longer than wide; posterior margin slightly produced medially. Valve (Fig. 7 F) 2.5 x wider than long; integument thickening present only on anterior margin; posterior margin rounded. Pygofer (Fig. 7 G) 1.7 x longer than high; basodorsal processes with subapical tooth; macrosetae dispersed on posterodorsal quadrant; ventral margin rounded; apex truncated. Subgenital plate (Fig. 7 G) extending to apical third of pygofer; in ventral view (Fig. 7 H) ovate, outer margin rounded with hair-like setae on apical two-thirds; apex rounded. Connective (Fig. 7 I) linear, long, extending almost to style apex; stem with lateral margins weakly sclerotized; dorsal keel small. Style (Fig. 7 I), in dorsal view, outer lobe rounded; in lateral view (Fig. 7 J) blade narrow, slightly widening subapically, curved dorsally at half length; ventral margin smooth; apex with small process curved dorsally. Aedeagus (Fig. 7 K, L) with preatrium reduced; atrial portion elevated; pair of basolateral processes widened medially, apex acute extending to apical third of shaft; shaft, approximately cylindrical, shaft curved basally and straight distally, subapical portion expanded laterally; apical portion bifid, with each ramus bifurcate. Female terminalia. Sternite VII (Fig. 8 A, B) 1.5 x wider than long; posterolateral corners broadly rounded; posterior margin deeply excavated on median third forming three rounded shallow notches. Pygofer (Fig. 8 A, B) about 1.7 x longer than maximum height; macrosetae dispersed on ventroapical half and apex of dorsal margin; apex rounded. Internal sternite VIII membranous. Ovipositor similar to the description of Polana inflexa sp. nov. except: First valvifer (Fig. 8 C) 2.5 x higher than long, almost elliptic, dorsal margin rounded. First valvula (Fig. 8 C, D) 6 x higher than long, basal portion produced anterad, slightly tapered and rounded; lateral carina with inconspicuous rounded teeth. Second valvula (Fig. 8 E, F), 4.6 x higher than long; dorsal margin with few very small subapical teeth. Gonoplac (Fig. 8 G, H), about 3.2 x longer than high.	en	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz (2025): Five new species of Polana (Polana) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini) from Brazil and Costa Rica, and new combinations in the genus. Zootaxa 5584 (2): 179-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2
038987E6FFB8431A75BBE7E43655F800.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The epithet refers to the City of Sinop where the specimens were collected.	en	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz (2025): Five new species of Polana (Polana) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini) from Brazil and Costa Rica, and new combinations in the genus. Zootaxa 5584 (2): 179-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2
038987E6FFB8431A75BBE7E43655F800.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype male, BRAZIL, MATO GROSSO: “ SINOP - M. Grosso \ Brasil X- 1975 \ M. Alvarenga Leg. ” (DZUP). Paratypes: 26 ♂, 33 ♀, same holotype data (5 ♂, 5 ♀, DZRJ; 21 ♂, 28 ♀, DZUP). Additional material: 33 ♂, 46 ♀, same holotype data “ 1975 or 1976 ” (DZUP).	en	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz (2025): Five new species of Polana (Polana) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini) from Brazil and Costa Rica, and new combinations in the genus. Zootaxa 5584 (2): 179-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2
038987E6FFB8431A75BBE7E43655F800.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The style of the new species is similar to that of P. inflexa sp. nov. and other species on the genus but this species can be easily separated due to the aedeagus (Fig. 7 K, L) with a pair of short and wide basolateral processes, and the shaft with the subapical portion expanded laterally and the apex bifid, with each ramus also bifurcate.	en	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz (2025): Five new species of Polana (Polana) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini) from Brazil and Costa Rica, and new combinations in the genus. Zootaxa 5584 (2): 179-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2
038987E6FFBD431875BBE5A536F4FB4E.taxon	description	(Figs 1 I, J, 9)	en	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz (2025): Five new species of Polana (Polana) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini) from Brazil and Costa Rica, and new combinations in the genus. Zootaxa 5584 (2): 179-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2
038987E6FFBD431875BBE5A536F4FB4E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Style (Fig. 9 J), in lateral view, blade foot-shaped; ventral margin produced forming a serrated rounded lobe. Aedeagus (Fig. 9 K, L) with pair of basolateral processes as long as shaft, wider on basal fourth; shaft without processes apex weakly sclerotized and strongly recurved to left side.	en	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz (2025): Five new species of Polana (Polana) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini) from Brazil and Costa Rica, and new combinations in the genus. Zootaxa 5584 (2): 179-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2
038987E6FFBD431875BBE5A536F4FB4E.taxon	description	Measurements. Holotype male: total length 7.4 mm. Coloration. Head and thorax (Figs 1 I, J, 8 A – D) yellowish-brown. Crown (Fig. 9 A) coronal suture black. Face (Fig. 9 B) without maculae. Pronotum (Fig. 9 A) without maculae. Proepimeron (Fig. 9 C) with pronotal carina yellow and a small black spot near posterior angle of eye. Mesonotum (Fig. 9 A) with pair of small yellow spot on lateral angle. Forewing (Figs 1 I, J, 9 D) yellowish-brown smoky, brown stripe extending from apex of clavus to R 1 vein; black markings on base of clavus, cross veins of inner discal cell, apex of A 1 and Pcu, and cross veins of apical cells. Description. Similar to the description of Polana inflexa sp. nov. except: Head (Fig. 9 B), in ventral view, clypeus 1.1 x longer than wide, lateral margins approximately parallel. First tarsomere not examined (lost). Male terminalia. Sternite VIII (Fig. 9 E) rectangular, 1.6 x longer than wide; posterior margin straight. Valve (Fig. 9 F) 2.5 x wider than long; integument thickening present only on dorsal margin, posterior margin slightly rounded. Pygofer (Fig. 9 G) 1.6 x longer than high; basodorsal processes without subapical tooth; macrosetae dispersed on dorsoapical quadrant; ventral margin straight; apex rounded. Subgenital plate (Fig. 9 G) extending to apical third of pygofer; in ventral view (Fig. 9 H) ovate, outer margin rounded with short setae on apical half; apex rounded. Connective (Fig. 9 I) Y-shaped, almost extending to apex of style; anteroventral margin with a median protrusion extending anterad; stem wider apically; dorsal keel small. Style (Fig. 9 I), in dorsal view, outer lobe reduced; in lateral view (Fig. 9 J) blade foot-shaped; ventral margin produced forming a serrated rounded lobe; apex with small process curved dorsally. Aedeagus (Fig. 9 K, L) with preatrium short; dorsal apodeme rounded; pair of basolateral processes as long as shaft, wider on basal fourth, apex acute; shaft without processes, uniformly curved; apex weakly sclerotized and strongly recurved to left side. Female. Unknown.	en	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz (2025): Five new species of Polana (Polana) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini) from Brazil and Costa Rica, and new combinations in the genus. Zootaxa 5584 (2): 179-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2
038987E6FFBD431875BBE5A536F4FB4E.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The new species name comes from the Latin word “ tortus ” meaning twisted. It refers to the recurved apical portion of aedeagus.	en	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz (2025): Five new species of Polana (Polana) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini) from Brazil and Costa Rica, and new combinations in the genus. Zootaxa 5584 (2): 179-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2
038987E6FFBD431875BBE5A536F4FB4E.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype male, COSTA RICA: “ Costa Rica - Estácion \ Biológica La Sirena - \ PN Corcovado - \ 21 m 8 º 28 ’ 48 ” N \ 83 º 35 ’ 22 ” W \ 11 a 14 / II / 2011 \ RR Cavichioli leg. ” (DZUP).	en	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz (2025): Five new species of Polana (Polana) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini) from Brazil and Costa Rica, and new combinations in the genus. Zootaxa 5584 (2): 179-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2
038987E6FFBD431875BBE5A536F4FB4E.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The new species is similar to Polana mala, due to the apically foot-shaped style and the aedeagus lacking processes on the shaft. However, P. torta sp. nov. bears longer subgenital plates and the blade of the style is longer and more robust.	en	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz (2025): Five new species of Polana (Polana) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini) from Brazil and Costa Rica, and new combinations in the genus. Zootaxa 5584 (2): 179-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2
038987E6FFBC431875BBE3683780F89E.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The description of the aedeagus provided by DeLong & Freytag (1972) does not mention processes on the base, which can be confirmed in the illustrations (DeLong & Freytag 1972: 271, figs 149, 150). Furthermore, the aedeagus and style of P. ocellata are similar to those of other species placed in Nihilana in the same study, as for example, P. rixa DeLong & Freytag, 1972, P. scina DeLong & Freytag, 1972, and P. pressa DeLong & Freytag, 1972.	en	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz (2025): Five new species of Polana (Polana) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini) from Brazil and Costa Rica, and new combinations in the genus. Zootaxa 5584 (2): 179-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2
038987E6FFBC430775BBE2AC3456FEAF.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The male genitalia of P. ardua (DeLong & Freytag, 1972: 255, figs 74 – 78) is identical to the genitalia of Acuera insepta DeLong & Freytag, 1974 (see figures 31 – 35 in DeLong & Freytag, 1974: 189). However, the reported body length, coloration, and structure of head differ. This probably resulted from inadvertent exchange of the dissected abdomens between different specimens, either prior to or during the description. Therefore, at present, this species is considered incertae sedis within Polana.	en	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz (2025): Five new species of Polana (Polana) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini) from Brazil and Costa Rica, and new combinations in the genus. Zootaxa 5584 (2): 179-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2
038987E6FFA3430775BBE6B83309FBDA.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Polana onara have a pair of long basolateral processes as originally described: “ Aedeagus with a process each side, extending from near base of shaft and curving dorsally at two-thirds length of shaft. “ (DeLong & Triplehorn 1979: 188, figs 61 – 65) and therefore is transferred to the subgenus Polana.	en	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz (2025): Five new species of Polana (Polana) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini) from Brazil and Costa Rica, and new combinations in the genus. Zootaxa 5584 (2): 179-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2
038987E6FFA3430775BBE1503409FA2F.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Similar to P. onara, the aedeagus of P. thugana presents a pair of long basal processes, originally described as following: “ Aedeagus with a pair of long processes arising at base of shaft which extend caudally half the length of shaft where they are bent abruptly dorsally, narrowed and tapered to slender apices ” (DeLong & Triplehorn 1979: 188, figs 66 – 70). Therefore, this species is transferred to the subgenus Polana. DeLong (1979) described five species of Polana, placing them in the subgenera Bulbusana, Nihilana, Polana, and Hobemanella. The only species placed in the subgenus Polana, P. villara, from Argentina, lacks processes near base of aedeagus. Thus, the following new combination is proposed:	en	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz (2025): Five new species of Polana (Polana) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini) from Brazil and Costa Rica, and new combinations in the genus. Zootaxa 5584 (2): 179-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2
038987E6FFA3430775BBE45C325EFCB3.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Similar to P. ardua, the male genitalia of Polana elera (DeLong & Freytag, 1972: 294, figs 296 – 298) is identical to the genitalia of Effossana tenuemarginata Domahovski & Cavichioli, 2023 (see figures 41 G – M in Domahovski & Cavichioli, 2023: 146), but with distinctly smaller length of body and different coloration. In addition, its male genitalia strongly contrast with the other species of Varpulana as noted by Domahovski & Cavichioli (2017). Therefore, this species is here considered as incertae sedis within Polana. DeLong & Triplehorn (1979) described five species of Polana from Peru, placing four in the subgenus Nihilana. However, two of these species have a pair of processes arising from the basal portion of the aedeagus and therefore cannot be placed in Nihilana, because one of the diagnostic features of Nihilana is the absence of the basal pair of processes (called ‘ parameres’ by the authors). Both subgenera, Nihilana and Polana have the pygofer with basodorsal hooked-shape processes (DeLong & Freytag 1972). The new combinations are as follows:	en	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz (2025): Five new species of Polana (Polana) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini) from Brazil and Costa Rica, and new combinations in the genus. Zootaxa 5584 (2): 179-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2
038987E6FFA3430675BBE0DC3651FE3E.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The aedeagus of P. villara has processes at one-third length of the shaft that are not homologous to the basolateral pair present in species of the subgenus Polana. Therefore, this species is transferred to the subgenus Nihilana. DeLong (1980) described six new species of Polana from Colombia, Peru, Bolivia, Panama and USA (Florida). In the abstract it is clear that two species, P. caputa and P. carla are placed in the subgenus Polana, and the other four species are placed in the subgenus Nihilana, there misspelled as ‘ Nililana ’. However, the taxonomic notes for P. caputa mention that the species is placed in the subgenus Polanana whereas those for P. carla mentioned that the species is placed in the subgenus Polana. These two species are also compared with two species that belong to the subgenus Polanana, P. truncata DeLong & Freytag, 1972 and P. falsa DeLong & Freytag, 1972. According to DeLong & Freytag (1972), the subgenus Polanana is recognized by the absence of processes on the basodorsal portion of the pygofer and on the basal portion of the aedeagus. Polana robusta, placed in the subgenus Nihilana is compared with two species of the subgenus Polana, P. gelera DeLong & Freytag, 1972 and P. spindella DeLong & Freytag, 1972, misspelled as ‘ gelara ’ and ‘ spinella ’ by the author. The other three species described in this paper, P. tortora, P. scutica, and P. cochlea are compared with species of the subgenus Nihilana, and have genital features compatible with the subgenus Nihilana (male pygofer with pair of processes with hooked apex and aedeagus without pair of lateral processes at base) and therefore are correctly placed in Nihilana. Considering that the information in DeLong’s (1980) abstract is valid, the following combinations are proposed:	en	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz (2025): Five new species of Polana (Polana) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini) from Brazil and Costa Rica, and new combinations in the genus. Zootaxa 5584 (2): 179-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2
038987E6FFA2430675BBE0083266F952.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The subgenus Hobemanella is recognized mainly by the following features: (1) head as in the subgenus Polana (slightly narrower than pronotum); (2) pygofer with or without dorsal processes; when present, variable in structure; (3) aedeagus strongly curved near base, with pair of processes arising from the dorsal apodeme. According to the original description and illustrations (DeLong & Wolda 1978: 229, figs 6 – 10), Polana chena has the three characteristics listed above and therefore is here transferred to the subgenus Hobemanella. DeLong & Foster (1982) described six species of Polana in the subgenera Polana, Polanana and Nihilana. Polana pravida, one of the species placed in the subgenus Polana is similar to P. villara, with processes near the mid-length of the aedeagal shaft, but without processes near base. Therefore, the following combination is proposed:	en	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz (2025): Five new species of Polana (Polana) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini) from Brazil and Costa Rica, and new combinations in the genus. Zootaxa 5584 (2): 179-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2
038987E6FFA2430675BBE6B8335BFAE2.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Is clear in the illustration of the Polana robusta aedeagus that it has processes at the base, as also mentioned in the original description: “ A pair of processes arise at base and curve ventrally, then apically and dorsally, extending three-fourths length of shaft ” (DeLong 1980: 127, figs 11, 12); the pygofer has a basodorsal apically hooked process (DeLong 1980: 127, fig. 15). These features support including this species in the subgenus Polana. DeLong & Wolda (1978) described two species from Panama, placing both in the subgenus Polanana. However, one of them, Polana chena, has long processes on the dorsal apodeme of the aedeagus, which disagrees with the diagnosis of Polanana. Therefore, the following new combination is proposed:	en	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz (2025): Five new species of Polana (Polana) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini) from Brazil and Costa Rica, and new combinations in the genus. Zootaxa 5584 (2): 179-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2
038987E6FFA2430675BBE4CC3314FD46.taxon	discussion	Remarks. According to the description and illustrations of this species, the pygofer and aedeagus lack basal processes (DeLong 1980: 127, figs 1 – 5). Following the diagnosis of the subgenus Polanana and key to subgenera provided by DeLong & Freytag (1972), this species is here transferred to Polanana.	en	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz (2025): Five new species of Polana (Polana) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini) from Brazil and Costa Rica, and new combinations in the genus. Zootaxa 5584 (2): 179-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2
038987E6FFA2430675BBE7E43422FCB2.taxon	discussion	Remarks. As in P. caputa, this species lacks basal processes on pygofer and aedeagus (DeLong 1980: 127, figs 6 – 10) and therefore is here transferred to the subgenus Polanana.	en	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz (2025): Five new species of Polana (Polana) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini) from Brazil and Costa Rica, and new combinations in the genus. Zootaxa 5584 (2): 179-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2
038987E6FFA2430575BBE3D83594FEF2.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The median processes of the aedeagal shaft were originally described as follows: “ A long slender process arises each side near middle of shaft and extends to the apex ”. Therefore P. pravida lacks processes at the base of the aedeagus. Following the key to subgenera provided by DeLong & Freytag (1972), this species cannot be placed in the subgenus Polana. DeLong & Wolda (1982) described five species of Polana, placing them in the subgenera Nihilana, Polana, and Polanana. However, the three species placed in the subgenus Polana, P. tinae, P. divesita, and P. julna lack processes on the pygofer and base of aedeagus, as shown in the descriptions and illustrations provided. Therefore, the three species are transferred to the subgenus Polanana:	en	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz (2025): Five new species of Polana (Polana) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini) from Brazil and Costa Rica, and new combinations in the genus. Zootaxa 5584 (2): 179-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2
038987E6FFA1430575BBE12832D5FAE2.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The subgenus Bulbusana was defined by the presence of basal processes on the aedeagus and the pygofer with basodorsal processes rounded apically (DeLong & Freytag 1972). The taxonomic notes on P. cumbresa mentioned that this species “ is related to P. icara ” DeLong & Freytag, 1972 ”, a species of the subgenus Polana. However, the illustration of the pygofer (DeLong & Wolda, 1984: 25, fig. 21) and its description: “ Pygofer rounded apically, bearing a dorsal process which is rounded apically ” indicates that the species belongs to the subgenus Bulbusana.	en	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz (2025): Five new species of Polana (Polana) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini) from Brazil and Costa Rica, and new combinations in the genus. Zootaxa 5584 (2): 179-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2
038987E6FFA1430575BBE00835E9F9C2.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Polana gatunana is a similar case to that of P. cumbresa, because its pygofer has a rounded apically process (DeLong & Wolda 1984: 25, fig. 15), a feature of the subgenus Bulbusana. But, in the taxonomic notes, P. gatunana is compared to P. fina DeLong & Freytag, 1972, a species of the subgenus Nihilana. Both P. gatunana and P. cumbresa have the aedeagus structure similar to that of many other species placed in Bulbusana, and therefore, P. gatunana is assigned to the subgenus Bulbusana.	en	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz (2025): Five new species of Polana (Polana) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini) from Brazil and Costa Rica, and new combinations in the genus. Zootaxa 5584 (2): 179-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2
038987E6FFA1430575BBE36833D3F87A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The aedeagus of Polana censora has a pair of processes arising from the dorsal apodeme, and the male pygofer lacks processes. Following the key to subgenera of DeLong & Freytag (1972), and considering its coloration and head shape, this species can be assigned to the subgenus Hobemanella. Inexplicably, the remarks for this species mentioned that P. censora is “ related to P. glebra DeLong (1979, p. 152) from which it can be separated by the broader aedeagus, in ventral view, and by the absence of basolateral processes ”. However, DeLong (1979) described Gypona glebra on page 152, and a species named “ P. glebra ” does not exist in any other published work, suggesting that DeLong mistakenly referred G. glebra to the incorrect genus in the same publication.	en	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz (2025): Five new species of Polana (Polana) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini) from Brazil and Costa Rica, and new combinations in the genus. Zootaxa 5584 (2): 179-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2
038987E6FFA1430575BBE47836D0FE1A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The aedeagus has two pairs of apical processes, with the inner pair shorter than the outer pair, and the pygofer lacks processes (DeLong & Wolda 1982: 308, figs 51 – 55). These features disagree with those proposed for the subgenus Polana.	en	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz (2025): Five new species of Polana (Polana) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini) from Brazil and Costa Rica, and new combinations in the genus. Zootaxa 5584 (2): 179-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2
038987E6FFA1430575BBE71032DDFD46.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The aedeagus has two pairs of apical processes, both the same length, and the pygofer lacks processes (DeLong & Wolda 1982: 308, figs 56 – 60). These features disagree with those proposed for the subgenus Polana.	en	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz (2025): Five new species of Polana (Polana) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini) from Brazil and Costa Rica, and new combinations in the genus. Zootaxa 5584 (2): 179-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2
038987E6FFA1430575BBE7E43645FC02.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The aedeagus has only one pair of apical processes and the pygofer lacks processes (DeLong & Wolda 1982: 308, figs 46 – 50). These features disagree with those proposed for the subgenus Polana. DeLong & Wolda (1984) described seven species of Polana from Panama, but with no explanation of why they were not placed to subgenera. Based in the descriptions and illustrations, these species are newly assigned to subgenera as follows:	en	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz (2025): Five new species of Polana (Polana) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini) from Brazil and Costa Rica, and new combinations in the genus. Zootaxa 5584 (2): 179-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2
038987E6FFA0430475BBE5A43696FE8E.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The pygofer and aedeagus of this species lack processes (DeLong & Wolda 1984: 25, figs 26 - 31). In their remarks, the original authors compared P. boquetea with P. vana DeLong & Freytag, 1972, a species of the subgenus Bulbusana. The absence of processes on the pygofer and aedeagus are indicative that P. boquetea belongs in the subgenus Polanana.	en	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz (2025): Five new species of Polana (Polana) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini) from Brazil and Costa Rica, and new combinations in the genus. Zootaxa 5584 (2): 179-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2
038987E6FFA0430475BBE4BC341AFDD9.taxon	discussion	Remarks. As in P. boquetea, the aedeagus and pygofer of P. calvanoa lack processes. In the original remarks, P. calvanoa was compared with the type-species of the subgenus Varpulana, Polana alata DeLong & Freytag, 1972 but these species differ in the shape of the style and aedeagus.	en	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz (2025): Five new species of Polana (Polana) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini) from Brazil and Costa Rica, and new combinations in the genus. Zootaxa 5584 (2): 179-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2
038987E6FFA0430475BBE7513223FCE3.taxon	discussion	Remarks. As in P. boquetea and P. calvanoa the aedeagus and pygofer of P. calvanoa lacks processes. In the original remarks, the authors compared P. clavata with P. falsa DeLong & Freytag, 1972, a species of the subgenus Polanana, although the genitalia are quite different. Polana clavata is here assigned to the subgenus Polanana.	en	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz (2025): Five new species of Polana (Polana) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini) from Brazil and Costa Rica, and new combinations in the genus. Zootaxa 5584 (2): 179-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2
038987E6FFA0430475BBE60A34E9FC52.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Pygofer processes are absent and the aedeagus of Polana miramara bears only one pair of subapical processes. Therefore, this species is assigned to the subgenus Polanana.	en	Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz (2025): Five new species of Polana (Polana) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini) from Brazil and Costa Rica, and new combinations in the genus. Zootaxa 5584 (2): 179-204, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5584.2.2
