identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03973830FC03216C2E6D464470C49EC3.text	03973830FC03216C2E6D464470C49EC3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cohniella croizatii Cetzal & Carnevali, Novon	<div><p>COHNIELLA CROIZATII Cetzal &amp; Carnevali, Novon 21: 179. 2011. —TYPE: VENEZUELA. Amazonas: Mpio. Alto Orinoco, 1951,  Croizat 984 (holotype, NY!; isotype [fragm.], CICY!)  .</p><p>Epiphytic erect herbs; rhizome short, thin, brittle; roots 2 mm thick, white; pseudobulbs 8 + 9 mm, subspherical to broadly ovoid, apically 1-leaved, green, totally enclosed by 3 imbricate sheaths, 30–70 + 5–10 mm, eventually deciduous; leaves terete, thickly fleshy-coriaceous, 23.0– 37.2 cm + 4–6 mm, dark green; inflorescences solitary from the base of the pseudobulbs, 63–123 cm, a 10–15-flowered raceme or panicle with 3–4 long branches, each of these 3.6–10.0 cm, the branches 3–4-flowered; peduncle and rachis dark green with brownish spots; peduncle more or less erect, 2–4 mm thick, terete, with 8–13 remotely bracted internodes, the basal and apical bracts equally long, oblanceolate, acuminate, tubular; floral bracts 2–3 mm, narrowly elliptic, acuminate; flowers resupinate, with perianth segments widely opening, the petals and sepals somewhat reflexed; ovary with pedicel 15–20 mm, of which ca. 4–7 mm correspond to the ovary, this structure 0.4–0.8 mm thick; sepals basally clawed for about 1/3 their total length, flat or somewhat reflexed, dorsal sepal 6.5–7.0 + 4–5 mm, in general outline obovate, apically obtuse and minutely apiculate, concave in the upper half, the claw 2 + 1 mm; lateral sepals partially fused at the very base, then free, similar to dorsal, 8–9 + 4–5 mm; petals 7–8 + 3–4 mm, oblong, somewhat oblique, the apex subacute, somewhat reflexed in natural position; labellum deeply 3-lobed, 9–13 mm from the base to the apex of the central lobe, 12–15 mm wide across the apices of the lateral lobes, the lateral lobes in the same plane as the central lobe and ± perpendicular to it; central lobe (6–)9– 12 + (11 –) 17–21 mm, transversely elliptic or subreniform in outline, apically rounded, deeply emarginate (2–) 3– 4 mm, basally produced into a short isthmus, 2.5 + 3 mm; lateral lobes 5–6 + 3–5 mm, ±oblong to orbicular, obliquely obtuse; disc short, ca. 4 + 4 mm; callus with three large apical teeth, similarly sized, emerging directly from the labellum disk, the two lateral teeth separated by a narrow channel and marginally serrate to dentate on the proximal half, 2.8 + 0.6 mm, the central tooth is laterally compressed, ± equally sized than the lateral teeth, 2 + 0.6 mm; column 3 + 1 mm, ±oblong, the ventral face longitudinally convex, stigmatic surface obovate, ca. 1 + 0.8 mm; column wings ca. 1.8 + 0.8 mm, asymmetrically bilobed with the apical lobe slightly smaller; anther 0.9 + 0.7 mm wide, apical, operculate, ellipsoid; pollinarium 1.2 mm, tegula spathulate, 0.6 + 0.3 mm at the subtruncate apex; viscidium disc-like, small, pollinia 0.7–0.9 mm; fruit a capsule. Figure 5.</p><p>Distribution and Ecology— This species is known from two collections of Puerto Ayacucho and the type collection of the upper Orinoco course in Amazonas, Venezuela. The labels of the specimens from the Puerto Ayacucho area describe the plants as locally common along the river Orinoco.</p><p>Diagnostic Characters—  Cohniella croizatii seems to be a rather homogeneous taxon. It is easy to distinguish from related species by its small tripartite callus (vs. 5-partite), consisting of one laterally compressed central tooth or keel, which is similar to the lateral teeth, with relative lengths of 2 mm vs. 2.8 mm; the two lateral teeth are separated by a narrow channel and are marginally serrate to dentate along the proximal half. The column wings in  C. croizatii seem to be proportionally larger than in  C. cebolleta .</p><p>Range of Variation—  Cohniella ultrajectina is known from type material and two collections and is fairly homogeneous in its vegetative and floral characters.</p><p>Taxonomic Comment— Due to its recent description (Cetzal-Ix and Carnevali 2011) and traditional treatment under a broad concept of  Cohniella cebolleta, this species has not been subject to different taxonomic interpretations.</p><p>Additional Material Examined—   VENEZUELA. Amazonas: Puerto Ayancho [sic] on the Orinoco River,  Grown at the  New York Botanical Garden, 50 ft., 1 Jan 1961, Prop. 1270 / 59 (NY!) ;   At Raudal de Atures, 10 km. south of  Pto. Ayacucho, 100 –120 m, 10 Nov 1953, Maguire et al. 36131 (AMES!, NY!)  .</p><p>Cohniella juncifolia (L.) Cetzal &amp; Carnevali,  comb. nov. Epidendrum juncifolium L., Sp. Pl. (ed. 2) 1351. 1763.  Cymbidium juncifolium (L.) Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: 102. 1805.  Oncidium juncifolium (L.) Lindl., Coll. Bot. 27. 1821. —TYPE: presumably collected in Haiti [“habitat in America”], Plant. Amer. fasc. 8: t. 184, f. 2. 1759; lectotype: designated by Cribb in Cafferty and Charles 1999: [Icon] “  Epidendrum foliis radicalibus subulatis ” in Burman, Pl. Amer.: t. 184; EPITYPE: designated by Carnevali et al. (2010), Martinique, Duss 2078 (NY!).</p><p>Epiphytic erect herbs, shortly creeping to cespitose; rhizome short, thin; roots 30–90 + 1–2 mm, white; pseudobulbs 6–9 + 5–8 mm, subspherical to broadly ovoid, totally enclosed by 3 imbricate sheaths, these 3–7 + 0.8–1.6 cm upon spreading, eventually deciduous; leaves 20–38 + 0.3 –0.6 cm, thickly fleshy-coriaceous, dark green; inflorescences solitary, born at the base of the pseudobulbs, (34–)52–98(–106) cm long, a 8–4-flowered raceme or panicle with 2–3(–4) branches, (2.8–)4.0–12.0 cm long, the branches 3–4-flowered; peduncle and rachis dark green, purple tinged; peduncle terete, erect to arched, 2.0 – 3.7 mm thick, with (5–)8–11 remotely bracted internodes, peduncle bracts 7–20 + 4– 10 mm, the basalmost longest, oblanceolate, acuminate, tubular; bracts subtending the lateral branches 2.4 –5.0 + 1.6 –3.0 mm, elliptic, acuminate, tubular; floral bracts 1.5–6 + 0.5 –1.2 mm, narrowly elliptic, acuminate; flowers resupinate, medium sized for the genus, 22 –25 mm diameter, with widely opening perianth segments and the petals and sepals somewhat reflexed, greenish yellow with reddish-brown spots; ovary with pedicel 17–20 mm long, of which 5–6 mm correspond to the ovary, this 0.8–1.0 mm thick; sepals basally clawed for almost 1/4 of their total length, spreading or somewhat reflexed, dorsal sepal 8–11 + 4–6 mm, obovate to oblanceolate, apically obtuse and minutely apiculate, concave in the upper half, the claw 2–3 mm long; lateral sepals 9–12 + 3–5 mm, partially fused at the base, then free, similar to dorsal; petals 8–10 + 3–4 mm, oblong to oblanceolate, somewhat oblique, the apex rounded, somewhat reflexed in natural position; labellum yellow, deeply 3-lobed, 12–15 mm long from the base to the apex of the central lobe, 12–15(–18) mm wide across the apices of the lateral lobes, the lateral lobes in the same plane as the central lobe and +/– perpendicular to it; central lobe 6.0–8.5(–10.0) + 10–14 mm, spathulate to transversely elliptical or rounded, apically rounded, conspicuously emarginated, the emargination 2.0– 2.5 mm deep, basally produced into an isthmus, 2–3 + 2.2–2.8 mm; lateral lobes 5.3–6.2 + 1.8–2.5 mm, erect-patent, narrowly elliptical, apically oblique, somewhat reflexed in natural position; disc 3.5–4.0 + 4.0– 4.2 mm, yellow with reddish spots at the base, obtriangular; the disc bearing a well-developed callus, 4–5 + 1.6–2.0 mm, consisting of an elevated, +/– flat, rectangular platform, 1.4–1.5 + 0.8 –1.0 mm, the apical margins of the platform with two conical, divergent teeth, 0.8–1.0 + 0.2 –0.6 mm; proximally with two lateral, divergent teeth that are cylindrical and point inward, 1.8–2.0 + 0.3–0.8 mm; distally with two lateral, divergent teeth that are cylindrical and point inward, 0.8–1.8 + 0.2–0.4 mm; the proximal and distal teeth parallel to each other and perpendicular to central tooth or keel; the central tooth or keel laterally compressed, 2.1–3.0 + 1.5–2.0 mm; the basal portion of the callus with conspicuous lateral extensions, conical, yellow with red-brown spots; column 2.5 + 1.0– 1.2 mm, yellow with red-brown spots at the base, the ventral face in the same plane as the labellum lobes, oblong, tabula infrastigmatica longitudinally channelled, stigmatic surface 1.0–1.5 + 0.9–1.0 mm, obovate; column wings 1.2–1.8 + 2.0– 2.5 mm, yellow, ovate; anther cap 2 + 1 mm, operculate, ellipsoid; pollinarium typical for the genus. Figure 6.</p><p>Distribution and Ecology—  Cohniella juncifolia is endemic to the Lesser Antilles. This species is known from Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Saint Lucia, and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines where it is found growing in deciduous tropical forests and on seaside cliffs at altitudes from sea level to 600 m.</p><p>Diagnostic Characters—  Cohniella juncifolia is distinguished by its labellum with narrowly elliptical lateral lobes that are 1.8–2.5 mm wide (vs.&gt; 3–12 mm wide in other species of  C. cebolleta complex). Furthermore, the callus of the labellum is composed of a rectangular platform with two large teeth on each side, these teeth are laterally flattened, conical and divergent; proximally and distally the callus features two cylindrical, lateral teeth, which are divergent, apically oblique, and pointing inward. The proximal and distal teeth are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the central tooth or keel; the distal teeth are partially separated from the central keel, while in other species of the genus that have distal teeth, these are completely attached to the central keel, giving the appearance of one unit. Another feature is the length of the column wings (1.2–1.8 mm), these are almost half the total length of the column (2.5–3.0 mm), while other species usually have much smaller column wings (e.g. 1.0–1.2 vs. 3.5–5.5 mm long in  C. macrocebolleta or 1.3–1.5 vs. 3–4 mm long in  C. ultrajectina).</p><p>A particular feature of this species is that it preserves the intense red of the sepals and petals in herbarium material. This feature was observed in specimens from different herbaria (e.g. AMES, NY, P) and dried in different years (e.g. 1839, 1858, 1903, and 1958), while in other species the red pigments entirely fade away or remain as dim red areas.</p><p>Range of Variation—  Cohniella juncifolia is known from several herbarium specimens and in general appears to be homogeneous in its vegetative and floral morphology.</p><p>Taxonomic Comment— Cribb in Cafferty and Jarvis (1999) lectotypified  Epidendrum juncifolium L. designating tabula 184, Fig. 2 “  Epidendrum foliis radicalibus subulatis ” of Plumier in Burman (1758). The type locality of  Cohniella juncifolia is unknown, although some authors (e.g. Linné and Willdenow 1805; Carnevali et al. 2010) cited “... Habitat in America ...” or presumably from Haiti. However, we have not found records of this species from the Greater Antilles in herbarium material, taxonomic treatments, or floristic studies (e.g. Haiti, Dominican Republic, and Puerto Rico). Carnevali et al. (2010) based on the Plumier illustration and other possible collection sites in the Lesser Antilles, designated a specimen of Martinique as epitype. This species, as most members of the complex, were previously included in the synonymy of  Oncidium cebolleta, but these  C. cebolleta - like populations from Lesser Antilles are distinctive in their morphology and geographical distribution, and are hence proposed here for reinstatement.</p><p>IUCN Conservation Assessment— According to the IUCN (2004) categories and criteria applied in Guadeloupe,  Cohniella juncifolia treated as “  Cohniella cebolleta ” is classified as endangered (EN) (Feldmann 2006). The status is based upon the threats posed by human activities (habitat transformation), coupled with the pressures associated with the collection by horticulturists of this attractive species. These threats are exacerbated by the small size of the island (1,700 km 2 for the Guadeloupe archipelago). Albeit collection pressure may seem unimportant at this time, given the reduced size of the populations and the small area covered by suitable habitats, it may eventually have a significant impact on natural populations</p><p>Additional Material Examined— Without exact locality and collector (BM-000534276!).</p><p>DOMINICA. 1903, Lloyd 826 (NY!). GUADELOUPE. 1896, Duss 3847 (NY!); Sdellé 2577 (NY!); Sdellé 3187 (P!).</p><p>MARTINIQUE. 1869, Lareti 710 (P!); 1839, Rivoire s.n. (P!).</p><p>SAINT LUCIA. Middle W slope of Gros (Sic) Piton, 500 –2,000 ft, 19 May 1858,  Proctor 18062 (AMES!) ;   Volcanic sea-cliffs at  Marquis Bay, 20 –200 ft., 24– 25 May 1958,  Proctor 18107 (AMES!)  .</p><p>SAINT VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES. Bequia, 26–31 Mar 1950, Howard 11281 (NY!).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03973830FC03216C2E6D464470C49EC3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Cetzal-Ix, William;Carnevali, Germán;Noguera-Savelli, Eliana;Romero-González, Gustavo A.	Cetzal-Ix, William, Carnevali, Germán, Noguera-Savelli, Eliana, Romero-González, Gustavo A. (2013): What is Cohniella cebolleta? Recircumscription and New and Reinstated Species and Combinations (Orchidaceae). Systematic Botany (Basel, Switzerland) 38 (3): 606-623, DOI: 10.1600/036364413X670269, URL: https://doi.org/10.1600/036364413x670269
03973830FC0E216A2E0342AF709299C7.text	03973830FC0E216A2E0342AF709299C7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cohniella macrocebolleta Cetzal & Carnevali 2013	<div><p>Cohniella macrocebolleta 
Cetzal &amp; Carnevali,  sp. nov. —TYPE: VENEZUELA. Sucre: vecindades de la ciudad de Carúpano, aprox. 10 40 0 12 00 N, 63 13 0 48 00 W, 50 –100 m, epífita colectada originalmente por Agustín Prieto;  flores recogidas en una exposición de orquídeas en Maracay, 22 May 2007, Carnevali 7220 (holotype: VEN!; isotypes: AMES!, CICY!, MO!) .</p><p>Cohniella macrocebolleta is similar to  C. cebolleta but differs by its conspicuously larger flowers (31–36 mm vs. 18–25 mm diameter in  C. cebolleta), the lateral lobes of labellum are shorter or about as long as wide (7–8 + 7.5–12.0 mm vs. as long than wide, 5– 6 + 4–5 mm in  C. cebolleta), the lateral margins of the platform of the callus is ear-like, and its central portion has two small, globose teeth, apparently attached to the proximal teeth (vs. absent in  C. cebolleta).</p><p>Epiphytic erect herbs, shortly creeping to cespitose; rhizome short, thin, brittle; roots 1–2 mm thick, white; pseudobulbs 9–11 + 9–11 mm, subspherical to broadly ovoid, totally enclosed by 3 imbricate sheaths 5–11 + 1.5–4.0 cm upon spreading, eventually deciduous; leaves (30-)37–59(–90) + 0.5 –0.9 cm, terete, thickly fleshy-coriaceous, dark green; inflorescences solitary, born at the base of the pseudobulbs, 88–89(–155) cm long, a 10–20-flowered panicle with 2–6 branches, 6–14 cm long, the branches 5–7-flowered; peduncle and rachis dark green tinged with purple; peduncle terete, erect to arching, 3.5 –4.0 mm thick, with 7–9 remotely bracted internodes, peduncle bracts 12–15 + 10–11 mm, the basalmost longest, oblanceolate, acuminate, tubular; bracts subtending the lateral branches 7–9 + 2–4 mm, elliptic, acuminate; floral bracts 2–4 + 1.0– 2.5 mm, narrowly elliptic, acuminate; flowers resupinate, large for the genus, 31–36 mm diameter, with widely opening perianth segments and the petals and sepals somewhat reflexed, greenish yellow with reddish-brown or red-purple spots; ovary with pedicel 18–27 mm long, of which 5–10 mm correspond to the ovary, this 2 mm thick; sepals basally clawed, the claw 1/5–1/6 of sepal total length, spreading or somewhat reflexed, dorsal sepal 9.0 –10.5 + 7–9 mm, rounded or obovate, apically obtuse and minutely apiculate, concave in the upper half, the claw 1.0– 1.5 mm wide; lateral sepals 9–12 + 6–8 mm, partially fused at the base, then free, similar to dorsal, but apically acute; petals 11–13 + 5–6 mm, oblong, somewhat oblique, the apex rounded, somewhat reflexed in natural position; labellum bright yellow, deeply 3-lobed, 19–23 mm long from the base to the apex of the central lobe, (20-) 22–24 mm wide across the apices of the lateral lobes, the lateral lobes in the same plane as the central lobe and +/– perpendicular to it; central lobe 14–16 + 18–24 mm, spathulate to transversely elliptic or rounded, apically circular, conspicuously emarginated, 4.0– 4.5 mm deeply, with overlapping lobes, basally produced into an isthmus, 2–4 + 1.5 –3.5 mm; lateral lobes 7–8 + 7.5–12.0 mm, erect-patent, oblong to rounded, apically truncate-rounded, somewhat reflexed in natural position, the upper and lower margins flat to rounded; disc 5.5–6.0 + 5–6 mm, yellow with reddish spots at the base, subrectangular; the disc bearing a well-developed callus, 4.5–5.0 + 3.0 – 3.2 mm, yellow or white with reddish spots, consisting of an elevated, +/– flat, rectangular platform, 2–3 + 1.7–2.0 mm, the platform in its central portion has two small, divergent, globose teeth, apparently attached to the proximal teeth, the lateral margins ear-shaped; proximally with two lateral, larger teeth that are conical, divergent and pointing upward, 2.0 –2.5 + 2 mm; distally with two small lateral teeth that are broadly conical, 1.2–2.1 + 0.8–1.0 mm; the central tooth or keel laterally compressed, 3–3 + 2–3 mm; the basal portion of the callus with conspicuous lateral extensions, conical, yellow with reddish spots; column 3.5 –5.5 + 2.8–3.0 mm, yellow with red-brown spots at the base, the ventral face in the same plane as the labellum lobes, tabula infrastigmatica longitudinally channelled, stigmatic surface 2.5 + 2.5mm, rounded; column wings yellow, ovate or asymmetrically bilobed, proximal lobe 1.0– 1.2 + 1–3 mm, distal lobe 1 + 1.5 –2.0 mm; anther cap 2.8 + 1.8 mm, operculate, obovate; pollinarium typical for the genus, ca. 1.5 mm long, tegula spathulate, 0.8 + 0.5 mm at the subtruncate apex; viscidium disc-like, small, pollinia 0.6–1.0 mm long, yellow. Figures 7, 8A.</p><p>Etymology— The specific epithet refers to the  Cohniella cebolleta -like flowers that are, however, considerably larger. In horticultural circles, this species was known as the “tetraploid  Oncidium cebolleta of eastern Venezuela ” under the untested assumption that these populations were polyploid members of the latter.</p><p>Distribution and Ecology—  Cohniella macrocebolleta is endemic to eastern Venezuela in the states of Bolívar, Delta Amacuro, and Sucre. In Bolívar and Delta Amacuro, it grows on trees on the banks of the Orinoco River and in riparian forests of the Orinoco Delta; in Sucre it grows in savanna woodlands with deciduous hardwoods, and xeric vegetation on rocky outcrops of cliffs at elevations of 0– 90 m. It is to be expected in portions of Anzoátegui, Guárico, and Monagas states and may also occur in neighboring Guyana.</p><p>Diagnostic Characters—  Cohniella macrocebolleta is similar to  C. cebolleta but differs by its conspicuously larger flowers (31–36 mm vs. 18–25 mm diameter in  C. cebolleta). Furthermore, the lateral lobes of labellum are shorter or about as long as wide (7 –8 + 7.5–12.0 mm) as opposed to  C. cebolleta where they are longer than wide (5–6 + 4–5 mm). This feature often becomes apparent only after flattening of the structures since in natural position they may be somewhat reflexed. The lateral margins of the platform of the callus are ear-like, and its central portion has two small, globose teeth, apparently attached to the proximal teeth (vs. absent in other species). The distribution range of this species is essentially disjunct with other member of the genus but it may be found to overlap with that of  C. cebolleta in the northern part of its range and with  C. ultrajectina in the southern part.</p><p>Range of Variation—  Cohniella macrocebolleta is generally homogeneous in its vegetative and floral morphology. As far as we can ascertain, it seems to vary only in the color (bright red to reddish brown) and size and density of the spots of the petals and sepals. The spots may be many and small or large, separated or confluent.</p><p>Taxonomic Comment— Herbarium specimens of  Cohniella macrocebolleta were previously identified as  Oncidium sprucei (=  C. sprucei) or  O. cebolleta (=  C. cebolleta). With the first species it was confused due to its similar floral size, whereas with the second species by general floral appearance and also due to the former broad circumscription of  C. cebolleta .</p><p>Additional Material Examined— VENEZUELA. Bolívar: Ciudad Bolívar and vicinity, on the Orinoco, 200 ft, 27 Feb 1921,  Bailey &amp;  Bailey 1350 (AMES!, NY!); upper part of west-facing wooded slopes, E. of Miamo, Altiplanicie Nuria, 8 Jan 1961, Steyermark 88257 (NY!, VEN!); Dto. Heres, Campamento Guri, Jan-Feb 1984, Fernández 952 (PORT!); Mpio. Sucre, Río Caura, 7 N, 64 55 0 W, 70 m, Fernández &amp; Sanoja 5152 (MO!, PORT!). Delta Amacuro: Mpio. Antonio Díaz, Isla Tobejuba, barra litoral antigua, cercana a caño Kamotaina, 23 Feb 2003, González et al. 1 (PORT!); Mpio. Antonio Díaz, Isla Curiapo, entre caños Obaruvaca y Naguabanoco, 8 31 0 N, 61 04 0 W, Feb 1987, Fernández 3820 (MO!, NY!, PORT!); Río Manamo, Vuelta Triste, 20 Feb 1911, Bond et al. 164 (AMES!, PH!).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03973830FC0E216A2E0342AF709299C7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Cetzal-Ix, William;Carnevali, Germán;Noguera-Savelli, Eliana;Romero-González, Gustavo A.	Cetzal-Ix, William, Carnevali, Germán, Noguera-Savelli, Eliana, Romero-González, Gustavo A. (2013): What is Cohniella cebolleta? Recircumscription and New and Reinstated Species and Combinations (Orchidaceae). Systematic Botany (Basel, Switzerland) 38 (3): 606-623, DOI: 10.1600/036364413X670269, URL: https://doi.org/10.1600/036364413x670269
03973830FC0821762E0345B277889EC6.text	03973830FC0821762E0345B277889EC6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cohniella ultrajectina (Cetzal & Carnevali. Furthermore 2013) Cetzal & Carnevali. Furthermore 2013	<div><p>Cohniella ultrajectina (Pulle) Cetzal &amp; Carnevali,  comb. nov. Oncidium ultrajectinum Pulle, Rec. Trav. Bot. Neerl. 4: 121. 1907. —TYPE: SURINAME. “Cultivated at the Utrecht Botanical Garden from a plant coming from Suriname as a gift from v. Asch v. Wijck, the Governor of the colony, to our University” (holotype: presumably at U, not seen).</p><p>Epiphytic erect herbs, shortly creeping to cespitose; rhizome short, thin; roots 20–80 + 1–2 mm, white; pseudobulbs 3–7 + 5–8 mm, subspherical to broadly ovoid, apically 1-leaved, totally enclosed by 3 imbricate sheaths 2.5–5.0 + 0.1–0.2 cm upon spreading, eventually deciduous; leaves (11-)18 –51 + 0.3 –0.8 cm, terete, thickly fleshy-coriaceous, dark green; inflorescences solitary, born at the base of the pseudobulbs, (10-)23–60(–109) cm long, a 2–8(–25)-flowered raceme or panicle with 4 –6 branches, 3.2 –7.5 cm long, the branches 2 –5-flowered; peduncle and rachis dark green; peduncle terete, erect to arched, 1.1 –4.0 mm thick, with 4– 8(–14) remotely bracted internodes, peduncle bracts 4–17 + 2–14 mm, the basalmost longest, oblanceolate, acuminate, tubular; bracts subtending the lateral branches 4–6 + 1.8–3.0 mm, elliptic, acuminate; floral bracts 2–3 + 0.7–1.0 mm, narrowly elliptic, acuminate; flowers resupinate, small-sized for the genus, 16–19 mm diameter, with widely opening perianth segments and the petals and sepals somewhat reflexed, greenish yellow with reddish spots; ovary with pedicel 17–20 mm long, of which 4–6 mm correspond to the ovary, this 7–10 mm thick; sepals basally clawed for almost 1/8 of total length of the sepal, spreading or somewhat reflexed, dorsal sepal 6–8 + 4–5 mm, obovate, apically obtuse and minutely apiculate, concave in the upper half, the claw 1.0– 1.2 mm long; lateral sepals 7.0–7.5 + 4.0– 4.5 mm, partially fused at the very base, then free, similar to dorsal; petals 7–9 + 3.5–4.0 mm, oblong, somewhat oblique, the apex rounded, somewhat reflexed in natural position; labellum yellow, deeply 3-lobed, 10 –12 mm long from the base to the apex of the central lobe, 10– 12 mm wide across the apices of the lateral lobes, the lateral lobes in the same plane as the central lobe and +/– perpendicular to it; central lobe 5– 7 + 8–12 mm, spathulate to transversely elliptic or rounded, apically circular, basally narrowed into an isthmus, 1.4 –1.5 + 2–3 mm; lateral lobes 3.5 –3.8 + 3.0 – 3.5 mm, erect-patent, subquadrate, apically truncate-oblique, somewhat reflexed in natural position, the upper and lower margins flat to undulated with many small, closely set waves; disc 4 –5 + 3 –4 mm, yellow with reddish spots at the base, obtriangular; the disc bearing a well-developed callus, 3.2 –4.2 + 2.0 – 2.5 mm, yellow with reddish spots, consisting of an elevated, +/– flat, rectangular platform, 1–2 + 1.5 –1.8 mm, the lateral margins of the platform ear-shaped, 0.9–1.0 + 0.3–0.5 mm; proximally with two lateral, divergent teeth that are conical and point upward, 2 + 1 mm; distally with two lateral, divergent teeth that are conical and point upward, 1 + 0.3 mm; the proximal teeth exceed the length of the distal teeth; the central tooth or keel laterally compressed, 2.8–3.0 + 1.3–1.5 mm; the basal portion of the callus with conspicuous lateral extensions, conical, yellow with red-brown spots; column 3–4 + 1.3–1.5 mm, yellow with red-brown spots, the ventral face in the same plane as the labellum lobes, tabula infrastigmatica longitudinally channelled, stigmatic surface 1.0 –1.5 + 1.0– 1.1 mm, rounded; column wings 1.2–1.5 + 2.0– 2.5 mm, asymmetrically bilobed; anther cap 1.3–1.5 + 0.9 –1.0 mm, operculate, ellipsoid; pollinarium typical for the genus. Figure 9.</p><p>Distribution and Ecology—  Cohniella ultrajectina is known from Venezuela and the Guianas. In Venezuela the species is known from the margins of the Orinoco River near Puerto Ayacucho, Amazonas State in an area with a pronounced dry season and an assemblage of savanna and tropical forests. In Guyana,  C. ultrajectina occurs south of the Kanuku Mountains in the Rupununi Savanna in the central and northwestern highlands. In Suriname and French Guiana it is only known in the coastal plain. In general, this species grows both in wet and seasonally dry forests at 0– 500 m.  Cohniella ultrajectina is fundamentally disjunct with other member of the genus but the lone Venezuelan collection indicates that in the westernmost section of its range, it is sympatric or parapatric with  C. macrocebolleta and  C. cebolleta .</p><p>Diagnostic Characters—  Cohniella ultrajectina is distinguished by its small flowers that are 16–19 mm diameter (vs.&gt; 20 mm diameter in other species of the  C. cebolleta complex). It is also distinctive based on its short, subquadrate lateral lobes (3.5–3.8 + 3.0– 3.5 mm; Appendix 1) with undulate margins, whereas these structures in related species are oblong, rounded, or oblong-lanceolate with entire margins. Another characteristic of  C. ultrajectina is the callus of the labellum, which consists of a rectangular platform with ear-shaped lateral margins; the proximal and distal portion of the callus consist of two lateral, conical teeth; the proximal teeth are perpendicular and exceed the distal teeth length; centrally the callus consists of a keel as long as half the length of the isthmus of the labellum.</p><p>Range of Variation—  Cohniella ultrajectina is known from several specimens and is fairly homogeneous in its vegetative and floral characters.</p><p>Taxonomic Comment— According to protologue, the type material of  C. ultrajectina was cultivated in the botanical garden at Utrecht from a collection originating in Suriname, which was communicated by former Governor Van Asch Van Wijck. A search of the type material at U failed to uncover it. In the protologue, this species is described as having yellow flowers of 16 mm in diameter, sepals of 7 mm long and petals of 8 mm long, and a purple spotted labellum of 11 + 10 mm. The above description is consistent with the specimens studied from southern Venezuela and the Guianas. Herbarium materials here referred to  C. ultrajectina have been previously determined as  Oncidium</p><p>cebolleta, a name under which it was synonymized. However, floral morphology suggests that it is a separate entity and its reinstatement is here proposed. See taxonomic comments under  C. cebolleta .</p><p>Additional Material Examined— VENEZUELA. Amazonas: Municipio Autónomo Atures, alrededores de Puerto Ayacucho, 26 Jan 2012,  Romero &amp; Alvarez 4097 (TFAV!, CICY spirit collection!).</p><p>GUYANA. Cuyuni-Mazaruni: Kanuku mts, 27 Jan 1961, Prop. 575 / 60 (NY!); Western extremity of Kanuku Mountains, in drainage of Takutu River, 200 m, 4–22 Mar 1938,  Smith 3319 (AMES!, NY!). Potaro-Siparuni: Savanna between Takutu River and Kanuku Mountains, 12–22 Mar 1938,  Smith 3269 (NY!). Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo: Kanunu, Rupununi R., Bush Mouth near Witaru Falls, 3 4 0 N, 59 28 0 W, 90–120 m, 11 Feb 1985, Jansen-Jacobs et al. 152 (U!); Rupununi, ca. 5 miles from Karasabi (4–5 hr walk) along Yurora River, 4 N, 59 21 0 W, 300 m, 3 Jan 1982, Knapp &amp; Mallet 2811 (AMES!, NY!).</p><p>FRENCH GUIANA. La Lomons, 1929, without collector (P!). Roura, 1858, Sagot s. n. (P!).</p><p>ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. The authors are indebted to the curators of B, BM, HUA, IRBR, NY, P, PH, PORT, RENZ, S, TFAV, U, VEN, and W. The senior author thanks the support from CONACYT by scholarship 162579 for doctoral studies. CONACYT partially funded this project via grant 49980-Q awarded to GC. Sergio Salazar Vallejo (ECOSUR-Chetumal) and Rodrigo Duno (CICY) provided comments on earlier drafts of the manuscript or contributed discussion and /or literature. Silvia Hernández Aguilar and José L. Tapia-Muñoz (CICY) helped with handling and databasing of loans. Ivón Ramírez Morrillo (CICY) selected specimens at PH, for which we are deeply indebted. Lizandro Peraza photographed specimens at B; and Carlos Leopardi (CICY) provided images of  C. cebolleta .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03973830FC0821762E0345B277889EC6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Cetzal-Ix, William;Carnevali, Germán;Noguera-Savelli, Eliana;Romero-González, Gustavo A.	Cetzal-Ix, William, Carnevali, Germán, Noguera-Savelli, Eliana, Romero-González, Gustavo A. (2013): What is Cohniella cebolleta? Recircumscription and New and Reinstated Species and Combinations (Orchidaceae). Systematic Botany (Basel, Switzerland) 38 (3): 606-623, DOI: 10.1600/036364413X670269, URL: https://doi.org/10.1600/036364413x670269
