identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
0390F177FFF9943DFE75FA91FDCBFB55.text	0390F177FFF9943DFE75FA91FDCBFB55.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Synergus colombianus Nieves-Aldrey 2005	<div><p>SynerguS colombianuS Nieves-Aldrey, 2005</p><p>Figures 1–3.</p><p>Synergus colombianus Nieves-Aldrey, 2005: 501–508 . Type material: IAVH (holotype), paratypes in IAVH and MNCN [examined by I.L. -V. and J.P. -V. in Lobato-Vila et al. (2018)].</p><p>Material examined. 5♂ and 19♀. New additional material from Colombia deposited in UB with the following collecting data: Via Arauco-La <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-0.8666667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.28333333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -0.8666667/lat 0.28333333)">Palma</a> (<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-0.8666667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.28333333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -0.8666667/lat 0.28333333)">Arcabuco</a>, Boyacá), 5°44 0 17 00 N, 73°24 0 52 00 W, 2578 m, ex. Zapatella grahami Pujade-Villar and Melika, 2012, Q. humboldtii, gall collected 8.iv.2019, emerged iv.2019, J. Pujade-Villar : 5♂ and 16♀; same collecting data, but emerged 1–15.v.2019: 3♀.</p><p>Diagnosis. Synergus colombianus is characterised by having antennae with 14 flagellomeres in females and 15 flagellomeres in males; flagellomere 1 about as long as flagellomere 2 (Figs. 1, 3); flagellomere 1 of males excavate medially and moderately to strongly expanded apically (Fig. 3); face from round to subtrapezoid-shaped and with genae slightly expanded behind compound</p><p>eyes; frons weakly wrinkled and punctate; frontal carinae narrow, somewhat branched distally and obscured by wrinkles before reaching lateral ocelli; mesoscutum with dense but weak discontinuous carinae; notauli shallow and narrow but complete, sometimes interrupted by carinae; scutellum from weakly carinate to wrinkled; scutellar foveae subtriangular to oval, shallow, weakly sculptured; circumscutellar carina weak but visible; mesopleurae regularly and densely striate; metasoma deeply dorsodistally incised and posteriorly with a band of minute micropunctures occupying from 1/4 to 1/3 of the metasomal length; radial cell closed, about 2.8 times as long as wide (Figs. 1–2); body mainly black and orange or amber, face and legs yellow except basal half of metacoxae, which is black, and tarsi, which are dark (Figs. 1–2).</p><p>Synergus colombianus is morphologically close to Synergus dawnus Lobato-Vila and Pujade-Villar new species (see below), from which can be distinguished by having basal half of metacoxae black (Figs. 1–2) (metacoxae yellow, rarely with a small, dark spot, in S. dawnus, Figs. 4–5); the malar space 0.4 times as long as height of compound eye (0.6 times in S. dawnus, Fig. 7); frons weakly wrinkled (coriaceous, rarely with a few very weak wrinkles, in S. dawnus, Figs. 7–8); areolet small or absent (Figs. 1–2) (visible, however, it is not well delimited by distinct veins, in S. dawnus, Figs. 4–5, 12); flagellomere 1 of males from moderately to strongly expanded apically (Fig. 3) (slightly expanded apically in S. dawnus, Fig. 6), among others (see the identification key).</p><p>Natural history. Synergus colombianus was described from specimens that emerged from an unidentified cynipid gall on acorns of Q. humboldtii (Nieves-Aldrey 2005) . The additional material presented here was obtained from acorn galls of Zapatella grahami Pujade-Villar and Melika, 2012, which may correspond to the species mentioned by Nieves-Aldrey.</p><p>Distribution. Colombia. Boyacá department, above 2500 m (Nieves-Aldrey 2005; and in this work, see the additional material).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0390F177FFF9943DFE75FA91FDCBFB55	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lobato-Vila, Irene;Caicedo, Guadalupe;Rodríguez, Pedro A.;Pujade-Villar, Juli	Lobato-Vila, Irene, Caicedo, Guadalupe, Rodríguez, Pedro A., Pujade-Villar, Juli (2020): The inquiline oak gall wasp (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) fauna from Colombia: new data and species. The Canadian Entomologist 152 (2): 131-144, DOI: 10.4039/tce.2019.77, URL: https://doi.org/10.4039/tce.2019.77
0390F177FFFE9430FEA5FAF5FBFDFEA0.text	0390F177FFFE9430FEA5FAF5FBFDFEA0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Synergus dawnus Lobato-Vila and Pujade-Villar	<div><p>SynerguS dawnuS Lobato-Vila and Pujade-Villar, new species</p><p>http://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 0D0526B0-E307-4370-90CC-A04941F9C241.</p><p>Figures 4–16.</p><p>Type material. Holotype ♀ deposited in IAVH with the following labels: “Guyabal de Siquina, Sitio CAR (Cundinamarca, Colombia), 4°50 0 36 00 N, 74°27 0 43 00 W ” (white label)/“Ex. Zapatella inflata, 2083 m, Q. humboldtii, gall collected 04.i.2013, emerged 20–29.i.2013, P. Rodriguez Col.” (white label)/“ Holotype ♀ Synergus dawnus Lobato-Vila and Pujade-Villar, IL-V desig- 2019” (red label). Paratypes (14♂ and 12♀) deposited in IAVH (9♂ and 6♀) and UB (5♂ and 5♀): with the same data as the holotype: 5♂ and 5♀ (deposited in UB); “ Colombia, Boyacá, Villa de Leyva, La Colorada, 5°38 0 47 00 N, 73°30 0 29 00 W, 2200m, 23.iv.2014, Z. nievesaldreyi, J. Pujade, M. Torres and J. Cardenas ” (white label)/“Instituto Humboldt, Colombia, IAvH-L- 146809” (white label, quick response code)/“ Paratype ♀ Synergus dawnus Lobato-Vila and Pujade-Villar, IL-V desig-2019” (red label) (1♀; deposited in UB); same collecting data as the previous one, but with the following reference codes: IAvH-E-146798 (1♂); IAvH-E-146799 (1♂); IAvH-E-146800 (1♀); IAvH-E-146804 (1♂); IAvH-E-146808 (1♂); IAvH-E-146811</p><p>(1♀); IAvH-E-146813 (1♀); IAvH-E-146816 (1♂); IAvH-E-146819 (1♂); IAvH-E-146820 (1♀); IAvH-E-146822 (1♀); IAvH-E-146826 (1♀) (deposited in IAVH); “ Colombia, Boyacá, SFF Iguaque, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.51667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.633333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.51667/lat 5.633333)">El Níspero</a>, 5°38 0 N, 73°31 0 W, 2730 m, 7–21.xii.2001, Malaise 1, P. Reina M.2581” (white label)/“Instituto Humboldt, Colombia, IAvH-E-147454” (white label, quick response code)/“ Paratype ♂ Synergus dawnus Lobato-Vila and Pujade-Villar, IL-V desig-2019” (red label) (1♂; deposited in IAVH) ; same collecting data as the previous one, but collected 12.xii.2001 – 19.i.2002, Malaise 2, M.3066, and with the reference code IAvH-E-147459: 1♂ (deposited in IAVH); “ Colombia, Boyacá, SFF Iguaque, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.433334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.7333336" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.433334/lat 5.7333336)">Qda. Los Mudos</a>, 5°44 0 N, 73°26 0 W, 2840 m, 8.vii–24.x.2002, Malaise 2, P. Reina M.116” (white label)/“Instituto Humboldt, Colombia, IAvH-E-147455” (white label, quick response code)/“ Paratype ♂ Synergus dawnus Lobato-Vila and Pujade-Villar, IL-V desig-2019” (red label) (1♂; deposited in IAVH) .</p><p>Diagnosis. This species is characterised by having 14-flagellomere antennae in females and 15 flagellomeres in males; flagellomere 1 about as long as flagellomere 2 (Fig. 9); flagellomere 1 of males weakly excavated medially and slightly expanded apically and basally (Fig. 6); face subtrapezoid-shaped and with genae slightly expanded behind compound eyes (Fig. 7); frons and vertex coriaceous and punctate, rarely with very weak wrinkles; frontal carinae narrow, somewhat branched in the distal half and almost reaching lateral ocelli (Figs. 7–8); mesoscutum with weak discontinuous transversal elements not forming true carinae and with some punctures; notauli complete and narrow, somewhat interrupted by transversal elements; scutellum from weakly carinate to wrinkled; scutellar foveae subtriangular to oval, shallow, weakly sculptured; circumscutellar carina weak but visible (Fig. 14); mesopleurae regularly and densely striate (Fig. 13); in females, metasoma deeply dorsodistally incised and posteriorly with an incomplete band of minute micropunctures occupying at most 1/4 of the metasoma (Figs. 15–16) (about 1/ 3 in males); radial cell closed, sometimes ambiguously, about 2.8 times as long as wide (Fig. 12); body mainly black and yellow, face and legs light yellow except tarsi, which are darker; metacoxae rarely with a basal small dark spot (Figs. 4–5).</p><p>Synergus dawnus is morphologically close to Synergus colombianus (see above), whose main differences have already been commented (see the diagnosis of S. colombianus and the identification key). It is also similar to Synergus pseudofilicornis Lobato-Vila and Pujade-Villar, 2018 from Mexico (Lobato-Vila et al. 2018), but differs from this species by having ocellar-ocular distance about 2.5 times as long as diameter of lateral ocelli (about 1.5 in S. pseudofilicornis); frons and vertex mainly coriaceous, rarely with very weak wrinkles (vertex with some wrinkles in S. pseudofilicornis) and frontal carinae narrow and somewhat branched in the distal half (wide and distally branched, almost reaching lateral ocelli, in S. pseudofilicornis).</p><p>Description. Female. Body length 2.4–3.8 mm (n = 13).</p><p>Colour (Fig. 4): black and yellow. Face and genae, from light yellow to yellow; frons, vertex and occiput medially black. Antennae yellowish orange or testaceous; tips somewhat darker. Pronotum anterolaterally and anterodorsally black, posterolaterally and posterodorsally usually orange, rarely totally black. Mesoscutum black; scutellum usually black, rarely with orange margins. Mesopleura black. Propodeum black. Metasoma usually with a dorsal black stripe more or less extended laterally and a more or less extended black anterolateral surface; rarely almost completely black. Hypopygium somewhat infuscate. Legs light yellow, metacoxae rarely with a basal small dark spot; all tarsi, and especially metatarsi, infuscate. Wings hyaline, veins yellow.</p><p>Head: in anterior view (Fig. 7) subtrapezoid-shaped, about 1.1 times as wide as high, genae slightly expanded behind compound eyes. Face faintly pubescent, lower face with regular fine striae radiating from clypeus and reaching compound eyes and base of toruli; medial carinae sometimes present, but weak. Clypeus sometimes slightly distinct, ventral margin more or less straight, not projected over mandibles. Malar space about 0.6 times as long as height of compound eye. Anterior tentorial pits visible; pleurostomal sulcus absent, epistomal sulcus sometimes slightly impressed. Transfacial line about as long as height of compound eye. Toruli situated mid-height of compound eyes; distance between torulus and compound eye shorter than diameter of toruli; distance between toruli shorter than diameter of toruli. Frons coriaceous and with some small punctures, rarely with very weak wrinkles; frontal carinae narrow, somewhat branched in the distal half and almost reaching lateral ocelli. Head in dorsal view (Fig. 8) is almost 2.0 times as wide as long. Vertex coriaceous, with broad punctures, rarely with weak wrinkles. Post-ocellar distance: ocellar-ocular distance: lateral-ocular distance = 7.0:5.0:3.5 and diameter of lateral ocelli, 2.0. Occiput coriaceous and with some punctures.</p><p>Antennae (Fig. 9): with 14 flagellomeres (8.0:4.5:10.0:10.0:9.5:9.0:7.5:7.0:6.0:4.5:4.0:4.0:4.0:8.0); filiform, just slightly broadened apically; pubescence dense and short; placodeal sensilla visible on flagellomeres 3–12. Pedicel about 1.8 times as long as wide; flagellomere 1 about as long as flagellomere 2, flagellomere 2 slightly longer than flagellomere 3. Last flagellomere about 2.7 times as long as wide and 2.0 times as long as flagellomere 11.</p><p>Mesosoma: about 1.2 times as long as high in lateral view, including nucha, with short and not dense pubescence (Fig. 13). Ratio of length of pronotum medially/laterally: 0.26. Pronotal plate distinct but incomplete, not reaching the margin of pronotum (Fig. 8). Lateral pronotum from coriaceous to weakly wrinkled; without lateral carina (Fig. 13). Mesoscutum (Fig. 14) almost 1.2 times as wide as long, with weak discontinuous transversal elements not forming true carinae and with some punctures; interspaces from alutaceous to weakly coriaceous; anterior grooves weakly impressed. Notauli complete and narrow, slightly wider and convergent posteriorly, somewhat interrupted by transversal elements. Median groove absent. Parapsidal grooves weakly impressed, almost inconspicuous. Scutellum (Fig. 14) rounded, about as long as wide, from weakly carinate to wrinkled, interspaces from alutaceous to weakly coriaceous; circumscutellar carina weak but visible, obscured by wrinkles; scutellar foveae subtriangular to oval, shallow, weakly sculptured and separated by a narrow carina. Mesopleurae (Fig. 13) regularly and densely striate, interspaces alutaceous; slightly pubescent basally. Metapleural sulcus well defined, reaching about 3/4 parts of mesopleural height. Propodeum (Fig. 11) pubescent, almost smooth; propodeal carinae straight and slightly convergent basally. Nucha sulcate dorsally and laterally.</p><p>Legs: tarsal claws with a strong basal tooth (Fig. 10).</p><p>Wings: forewings pubescent with short marginal setae; about as long as body length (Fig. 4). Radial cell closed (sometimes ambiguously closed), about 2.8 times as long as wide; areolet visible, but only posterior vein well pigmented (Fig. 12). Rs M vein inconspicuous. Basal cell with sparsely spaced setae.</p><p>Metasoma: about as long as head plus mesosoma, about 1.2 times as long as high in lateral view (Fig. 15). First metasomal segment sulcate dorsally and laterally. Syntergite smooth; anterolateral pubescence composed of a few setae; posteriorly with an incomplete band of minute micropunctures occupying at most 1/4 of the metasomal length (Fig. 15); deeply dorsodistally incised and not pointed (Fig. 16). Following segments and hypopygium minutely and densely punctate (Figs. 15–16). Hypopygial spine slightly longer than wide and with a few lateral setae; without apical setae (Fig. 12).</p><p>Male. Similar to female, except for the following morphological traits: body length 1.5–3.1 mm (n = 14). Antennae with 15 flagellomeres (7.0:4.0:12.0:11.0:11.0:10.0:9.0:7.0:6.5:6.0:5.0:5.0:4.5: 4.5:7.0); pedicel about 1.3 times as long as wide; flagellomere 1 weakly excavate medially and slightly expanded apically and basally (Fig. 6). Ocellar-ocular distance 1.7 times as long as diameter of lateral ocelli. Malar space 0.5 times as long as height of compound eye. Metasoma posteriorly with a band of micropunctures occupying somewhat more than 1/3 of the metasomal length. Mesosoma and metasoma almost totally black, sometimes just with the posterolateral side of pronotum orange; tibiae sometimes infuscated; antennae wing veins sometimes darker (Fig. 5).</p><p>Etymology. Named after Tony Orlando and Dawn, an American pop music group that recorded the song “Tie a Yellow Ribbon Round the Ole Oak Tree” in 1973.</p><p>Natural history. Associated with galls of Zapatella inflata Pujade-Villar and Rodríguez, 2015 and Zapatella nievesaldreyi Melika and Pujade-Villar, 2012 on Q. humboldtii . A few specimens were caught in Malaise traps.</p><p>Distribution. Colombia. Cundinamarca, and Boyacá departments, above 2000 m.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0390F177FFFE9430FEA5FAF5FBFDFEA0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lobato-Vila, Irene;Caicedo, Guadalupe;Rodríguez, Pedro A.;Pujade-Villar, Juli	Lobato-Vila, Irene, Caicedo, Guadalupe, Rodríguez, Pedro A., Pujade-Villar, Juli (2020): The inquiline oak gall wasp (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) fauna from Colombia: new data and species. The Canadian Entomologist 152 (2): 131-144, DOI: 10.4039/tce.2019.77, URL: https://doi.org/10.4039/tce.2019.77
0390F177FFF39431FF39FE6FFD6DFC0B.text	0390F177FFF39431FF39FE6FFD6DFC0B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Synergus pedroi Pujade-Villar, Lobato-Vila, and Fernandez-Garzon 2017	<div><p>SynerguS pedroi Pujade-Villar, Lobato-Vila, and Fernández-Garzón, 2017</p><p>Figures 17–24.</p><p>Synergus pedroi Pujade-Villar, Lobato-Vila, and Fernández-Garzón in Lobato-Vila et al. (2017: 106–113). Type material: IAVH (holotype), paratypes in IAVH, ICAT, and UB (examined by I.L. - V. and J.P. - V. in Lobato-Vila et al. (2017)).</p><p>Material examined. 11♂ and 6♀. New additional material from Colombia deposited in UB with the following collecting data: Via Arauco-La Palma (Arcabuco, Boyacá), 5°44 0 17 00 N, 73°24 0 52 00 W, 2578 m, Q. humboldtii, caught in flight, gall collected 8.iv.2019, emerged iv.2019, J. Pujade-Villar: 1♀; Monserrate (Bogotá Distrito Capital, Cundinamarca) (near Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas), 4°36 0 38.422 00 N, 74°3 0 55.548 00 W, 2650 m, ex. Zapatella petiolata, Q. humboldtii, gall collected 17.iv.2019, emerged iv.2019, J. Pujade-Villar: 5♂ and 2♀; same collecting data as the previous one, but found on catkins of Q. humboldtii: 1♂; same collecting data as the previous one, but caught in flight: 1♂ and 1♀; Colombia, Boyacá, Santuario de Flora y Fauna Iguaque, El Níspero, 5°38 0 N, 73°31 0 W, 2730 m, 12.xii.2001 – 19.i.2002, Malaise, P. Reina, M.3066, Instituto Humboldt, Colombia, IAvH-E-147458: 1♀; same collecting data as the previous one, but collected 19.i–3.ii.2002, M.3067, IAvH-E-147460/ IAvH-E-147461/IAvH-E-147462/IAvH-E-147464: 3♂ and 1♀; same collecting data as the previous one, but collected 3–18.ii.2002, M.3068, IAvH-E-147457: 1♂.</p><p>Diagnosis. Synergus pedroi is characterised by having antennae with 14 flagellomeres in females and 15 flagellomeres in males; flagellomere 1 about as long as flagellomere 2 in females, about 1.5 in males (Fig. 19); face from round to subtrapezoid-shaped and with genae not expanded behind compound eyes; frons and vertex coriaceous with some punctures; frontal carinae narrow, somewhat branched and not reaching lateral ocelli; mesoscutum with weak discontinuous transversal elements not forming true carinae; notauli complete and shallow, interrupted by carinae; scutellum from weakly carinate to wrinkled; scutellar foveae subtriangular to oval, shallow, weakly sculptured and separated by a narrow carina; circumscutellar carina weak but visible; mesopleurae regularly and densely striate; metasoma dorsodistally incised and with a small posterodorsal patch of micropunctures sometimes somewhat laterally extended, following segments more punctate; radial cell open or partially closed, long, about 3.5 times as long as wide in females, somewhat longer in males; tarsal claws with a strong basal tooth; body mainly black and yellow or reddish yellow (Figs. 17–18).</p><p>Synergus pedroi is morphologically similar to Synergus gabrieli Nieves-Aldrey and Medianero, 2011 from Panama (Nieves-Aldrey and Medianero 2011) and Synergus grahami Lobato-Vila and Pujade-Villar, 2019 from Mexico (Lobato-Vila et al. 2019), but it clearly differs from this species by having the radial cell open or partially closed (ambiguously closed in these two species). Also, from S. gabrieli by having the metasoma incised (not incised in S. gabrieli), the face from round to subtrapezoid-shaped and the malar space 0.4 times as long as height of compound eye (face trapezoid-shaped and malar space 0.6 in S. gabrieli); and from S. grahami, mainly by having flagellomere 1 and flagellomere 2 subequal in females, and flagellomere 1 about 1.5 times as long as flagellomere 2 in males (flagellomere 1 about 1.5 times as long as flagellomere 2 in both females and males of S. grahami); lower face and metacoxae, yellow (lower face and metacoxae usually with a dark spot in S. grahami); and radial cell about 3.5 times as long as wide (about 3.2 in S. grahami), among others.</p><p>Natural history. Synergus pedroi was described from specimens that emerged from galls initiated by different species within Zapatella genus on Q. humboldtii: Z. inflata, Z. nievesaldreyi,</p><p>and an undescribed species of Zapatella (Lobato-Vila et al. 2017) . The additional material presented here was obtained both from galls of Zapatella petiolata Pujade-Villar and Caicedo, 2017 (which corresponds to the undescribed species mentioned by Lobato-Vila et al. (2017)) on Q. humboldtii and Malaise traps. A few specimens were caught on flight or found over catkins of Q. humboldtii .</p><p>Distribution. Colombia. Boyacá, Cundinamarca and Santander departments, above 1900 m (Lobato-Vila et al. 2017; and in this work, see the additional material).</p><p>Remarks. Synergus pedroi and Synergus mexicanus Gillette, 1896 are the only two species of Synergus from the New World known to have the radial cell of the forewings open (Lobato-Vila et al. 2017). However, some of the new specimens of S. pedroi found have the radial cell partially closed, with the radial vein (R1) being very narrow and weakly pigmented in the first 2/3 of its length and disappearing in the last 1/3. This variation has also been observed among specimens composing the type series (Figs. 20–21); so, S. pedroi is characterised by having the radial cell open or partially closed, in addition to what it is said in the original description (Lobato-Vila et al. 2017).</p><p>A few new specimens obtained from galls of Z. petiolata found at La Florida Park (Cundinamarca) (1♂ and 3♀) are considered here as S. pedroi; however, they show some morphological variations that lead us to think they could belong to a different near-related species: the radial cell of the forewings seems to have the last third of R1 vanished (in a way similar to Fig. 21) or very weakly pigmented, thus being very difficult to decide if it is partially or ambiguously closed (Fig. 22); and the metasoma of females appears not incised from the lateral view (Fig. 23) and from slightly to not incised from the dorsal view (Fig. 24), instead of clearly dorsodistally incised. Since we have obtained very few specimens of this morphology, we assign them to S. pedroi until new material is collected.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0390F177FFF39431FF39FE6FFD6DFC0B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lobato-Vila, Irene;Caicedo, Guadalupe;Rodríguez, Pedro A.;Pujade-Villar, Juli	Lobato-Vila, Irene, Caicedo, Guadalupe, Rodríguez, Pedro A., Pujade-Villar, Juli (2020): The inquiline oak gall wasp (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) fauna from Colombia: new data and species. The Canadian Entomologist 152 (2): 131-144, DOI: 10.4039/tce.2019.77, URL: https://doi.org/10.4039/tce.2019.77
0390F177FFF29431FE1EFC13FD23F944.text	0390F177FFF29431FE1EFC13FD23F944.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Synergus Hartig 1840	<div><p>SynerguS undescribed species</p><p>Figures 25–29.</p><p>Material examined. 1♀ collected in Malaise trap at Acevedo (Huila, Colombia) near Cueva de los Guacharos National Natural Park (1°40 0 4.44 00 N, 76°7 0 31.008 00 W, 1909 m), 5–10.vii.2016 .</p><p>Diagnosis. The only female found of this new species is morphologically very similar to Synergus kinseyi Ritchie and Shorthouse, 1987 from Guatemala, both being large-sized (females being more than 5 mm long) (Fig. 25) and having antennae with 15 flagellomeres (Figs. 25, 28) ( Synergus females usually have antennae with 14 flagellomeres). However, this new species mainly differs from S. kinseyi by having the radial cell a little more than 2.0 times as long as wide (about 3.0 times as long as wide in S. kinseyi) and with the end of the R1 vein curved downwards (Fig. 29) (R1 not curved downwards in S. kinseyi); mesopleura covered with distinguishable striae, thinner and less impressed in the speculum, but visible (speculum finely aciculate to smooth in S. kinseyi); ocellar-ocular distance somewhat more than 3.0 times as long as diameter of lateral ocelli (Fig. 28) (about 2.0 times in S. kinseyi); and median groove short but visible (Fig. 26) (absent in S. kinseyi).</p><p>Natural history. Unknown, collected in Malaise trap.</p><p>Distribution. Colombia. Huila department, above 1900 m.</p><p>Remarks. Currently, the Guatemalan inquiline oak gall wasp fauna includes three of the largest and morphologically most peculiar Synergus known from the New World: S. cultratus Ritchie and Shorthouse, 1987, S. mesoamericanus Ritchie and Shorthouse, 1987, and S. kinseyi (Ritchie and Shorthouse 1987) . The type material of these species was examined and commented in Lobato-Vila et al. (2019). The above diagnosed species is very similar to S. kinseyi, and so extremely different from the other Colombian species within this genus. However, we only captured a female specimen in Malaise trap, so its biology is unknown. Thus, we prefer to wait until new material is found to publish its description.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0390F177FFF29431FE1EFC13FD23F944	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lobato-Vila, Irene;Caicedo, Guadalupe;Rodríguez, Pedro A.;Pujade-Villar, Juli	Lobato-Vila, Irene, Caicedo, Guadalupe, Rodríguez, Pedro A., Pujade-Villar, Juli (2020): The inquiline oak gall wasp (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) fauna from Colombia: new data and species. The Canadian Entomologist 152 (2): 131-144, DOI: 10.4039/tce.2019.77, URL: https://doi.org/10.4039/tce.2019.77
