identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
039F87D9FFE8FFF6FCDEBF0C34314B00.text	039F87D9FFE8FFF6FCDEBF0C34314B00.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gastrostomobdella Moore 1929	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> GENUS  GASTROSTOMOBDELLA MOORE, 1929</p>
            <p> Type species:  Gastrostomobdella monticola Moore, 1929 , fixed by original designation. </p>
            <p>Emended diagnosis: Female gonopore in somite XII/ XIII to anterior part of somite XIII. Pharyngopore and pharyngoporal duct absent. Gastropore, when present, ventral in posterior part of somite XIV to somite XIV/ XV. Gastroporal duct columnar, running vertically from ventral surface of crop to gastropore; two pores open to crop; canal Y-shaped; penetrated by nerve cord. Pair of atrial cornua undeveloped or weakly developed. Tubular ovisacs generally running alongside ventral nerve cord.</p>
            <p> Remarks: The genus  Gastrostomobdella originally comprised only the gastroporous species (Richardson, 1971; Sawyer, 1986). According to the emended diagnosis, however, the genus can contain the Southeast Asian euthylaematous erpobdelliform species without a gastropore and gastroporal duct.  Gastrostomobdella species are distinguished from  Scaptobdella species by the following combination of morphological characteristics: female gonopore in somite XII/XIII to anterior part of somite XIII (in the posterior part of somite XII in  Scaptobdella ); atrial cornua rudimentary or weakly developed (developed conical, and curved posterolaterally), and tubular ovisacs generally running alongside the ventral nerve cord (running dorsally on respective sperm ducts). </p>
            <p> GASTROSTOMOBDELLA EXTENTA NAKANO AND</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039F87D9FFE8FFF6FCDEBF0C34314B00	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Nakano, Takafumi;Eto, Koshiro;Nishikawa, Kanto;Hossman, Mohamad Yazid;Jeratthitikul, Ekgachai	Nakano, Takafumi, Eto, Koshiro, Nishikawa, Kanto, Hossman, Mohamad Yazid, Jeratthitikul, Ekgachai (2018): Systematic revision of the Southeast Asian macrophagous leeches, with the description of two new gastrostomobdellid species (Hirudinida: Arhynchobdellida: Erpobdelliformes). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 184: 1-30
039F87D9FFE8FFF6FF09BF0034064CEF.text	039F87D9FFE8FFF6FF09BF0034064CEF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gastrostomobdellidae RICHARDSON 1971	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> FAMILY  GASTROSTOMOBDELLIDAE RICHARDSON, 1971</p>
            <p>Emended diagnosis: Body firm and muscular, elongate, with constant width in caudal direction, dorsoventrally compressed. Somite I completely merged with prostomium. Somite II uniannulate, not separated from I. Mid-body somite annulation, variable, basically sexannulate. Post-anal annuli present. Male gonopore in posterior part of somite XI to anterior part of somite XII. Female gonopore in posterior part of somite XII to anterior part of somite XIII. Papillae numerous, minute, hardly visible, one row on every annulus, and two rows on annuli with secondary furrow. Pharynx agnathous, euthylaematous. Pharyngopore, when present, dorsally in posterior part of somite XIV. Pharyngoporal duct simple, straight, descending to pharynx terminal end. Crop tubular, acaecate. Gastropore, when present, ventral in posterior part of somite XIV to somite XIV/ XV. Gastroporal duct columnar, running vertically from ventral surface of crop to gastropore; two pores open to crop; canal Y-shaped; penetrated by nerve cord. Intestine tubular, acaecate. Rectum tubular, thin walled, straight. Testisacs multiple. Ejaculatory bulbs absent. Epididymides absent. Pre-atrial loops absent. Male median reproductive system in posterior part of somite XI to anterior part of somite XII, without penis or penis sheath. Ovisacs tubular, directly descending to female gonopore.</p>
            <p> Remarks: Both the Southeast Asian family  Gastrostomobdellidae and the East Asian monogeneric family  Orobdellidae are characterized by an agnathous and euthylaematous pharynx in the digestive tract. According to taxonomic studies (Nakano et al., 2012; Nakano, 2016),  Gastrostomobdellidae is distinct from  Orobdellidae in the following characteristics: post-anal annuli present (absent in orobdellid species), and ovisacs tubular, directly descending to female gonopore (globular with oviducts in orobdellid species). Moreover, gastrostomobdellid species lack epididymides in their male genital system, whereas most orobdellid species possess them. The characteristics of the gastrostomobdellid ventral gastropore and gastroporal duct are also clearly different from those of the orobdellid leeches: in  Gastrostomobdellidae , when present, the gastropore opens in the posterior part of somite XIV to somite XIV/XV (in the anterior part of somite XIII in  Orobdellidae ). The gastroporal duct is columnar, and runs vertically from the ventral surface of the crop to the gastropore (tubular, lying on the female organ in  Orobdellidae ). A dorsal pharyngopore and the duct connecting it to the pharynx have never been described for species within the other erpobdelliform families, i.e.  Erpobdellidae ,  Orobdellidae , and  Salifidae . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039F87D9FFE8FFF6FF09BF0034064CEF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Nakano, Takafumi;Eto, Koshiro;Nishikawa, Kanto;Hossman, Mohamad Yazid;Jeratthitikul, Ekgachai	Nakano, Takafumi, Eto, Koshiro, Nishikawa, Kanto, Hossman, Mohamad Yazid, Jeratthitikul, Ekgachai (2018): Systematic revision of the Southeast Asian macrophagous leeches, with the description of two new gastrostomobdellid species (Hirudinida: Arhynchobdellida: Erpobdelliformes). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 184: 1-30
039F87D9FFE3FFE3FCC1BB38335C4C8D.text	039F87D9FFE3FFE3FCC1BB38335C4C8D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scaptobdella Blanchard 1897	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> GENUS  SCAPTOBDELLA BLANCHARD, 1897</p>
            <p> Type species:  Scaptobdella horsti Blanchard, 1897 , fixed by monotypy. </p>
            <p>Emended diagnosis: Female gonopore in posterior part of somite XII. Pharyngopore, when present, dorsally in posterior part of somite XIV. Pharyngoporal duct simple, straight, descending to pharynx terminal end. Crop tubular, acaecate. Gastropore and gastroporal duct absent. Pair of atrial cornua conical, curved posterolaterally. Tubular ovisacs turned posterodistally, then running dorsally on respective sperm ducts.</p>
            <p> Remarks: This genus has been considered a salifid taxon (Sawyer, 1986; Nakano &amp; Nguyen, 2015). However,  Scaptobdella does not belong to the family  Salifidae because its type species and other congeners clearly possess an agnathous and euthylaematous pharynx in their oral cavities. Although the species of  Scaptobdella do not bear a ventral gastroporal duct, this genus is placed within the family  Gastrostomobdellidae by the following characteristics: mid-body somite annulation basically sexannulate, post-anal annuli present, ejaculatory bulbs and epididymides absent, and ovisacs tubular, directly descending to female gonopore.  Scaptobdella is distinguishable from  Gastrostomobdella by the following morphological characteristics: female gonopore in posterior part of somite XII (in somite XII/XIII to anterior part of somite XIII in  Gastrostomobdella ), atrial cornua developed conical, and curved posterolaterally (rudimentary or weakly developed), and tubular ovisacs running dorsally on respective sperm ducts (generally running alongside the ventral nerve cord). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039F87D9FFE3FFE3FCC1BB38335C4C8D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Nakano, Takafumi;Eto, Koshiro;Nishikawa, Kanto;Hossman, Mohamad Yazid;Jeratthitikul, Ekgachai	Nakano, Takafumi, Eto, Koshiro, Nishikawa, Kanto, Hossman, Mohamad Yazid, Jeratthitikul, Ekgachai (2018): Systematic revision of the Southeast Asian macrophagous leeches, with the description of two new gastrostomobdellid species (Hirudinida: Arhynchobdellida: Erpobdelliformes). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 184: 1-30
039F87D9FFFDFFE1FF78BCFF35134C63.text	039F87D9FFFDFFE1FF78BCFF35134C63.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scaptobdella horsti Blanchard 1897	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> SCAPTOBDELLA HORSTI BLANCHARD, 1897</p>
            <p>(FIGS 12–14)</p>
            <p>Scaptobdellahorsti Blanchard,1897b:97–99,fig.19,20.– Kaburaki, 1921: 709. – Harding, 1931: 221–222. – Sawyer, 1986: 697, 751.</p>
            <p> Salifa horsti – Soós, 1966a: 399. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis: Male gonopore in somite XI c11/c12, female gonopore slightly anterior to middle of somite XII c11, gonopores separated by 5 + 1/2 annuli. Pharyngopore and pharyngoporal duct present, dorsally in centre of somite XIV c12.</p>
            <p>  Lectotype designation: One syntype, RMNH.Hi.683 (Fig. 12), collected from Sumatra, was chosen as the lectotype for  S. horsti in this study, because only this specimen bears an obvious dorsal pharyngopore in somite XIV. The other syntypes collected from Borneo possessed neither such a secondary pore nor such a duct connecting to the digestive tract.  The original description was also provided based mainly on the lectotype designated herein (# 58 in Blanchard, 1897b). </p>
            <p>
                  Lectotype: RMNH.Hi.683, dissected, collected from  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.4/lat -0.8)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.4&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.8">Padang</a>
                 (~ 0.8°S, ~ 100.4°E), Sumatra, Indonesia, through Sumatra Expedition 1877/79, detailed collection date unknown (Fig. 12C, D). 
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            <p>
                  Paralectotypes: Two specimens collected from Kalimantan, Indonesia, through  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 111.48/lat -0.051)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=111.48&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.051">Büttikoffer’s Borneo</a>
                 expedition 1893/94; RMNH.Hi.2230, collected from  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 111.48/lat -0.051)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=111.48&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.051">Liang Koeboeng</a>
                 , Borneo (= Gunung [= Mt.] Liang Kubung; see  G. buettikoferi ); and RMNH.Hi.2231, collected from Sintang (~ 0.051°S, ~ 111.48°E), Borneo. Although Blanchard (1897b) mentioned that two individuals had belonged to RMNH.Hi.2231 (# 60 in his paper), only  one specimen comprises RMNH.Hi.2231 at present; the other specimen may have been lost in the past (Joke Bleeker, personal communication) . 
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            <p>Description of lectotype: BL 144.4 mm, BW 14.4 mm (Fig. 12A, B). Caudal sucker ventral, elliptic; CL 8.3 mm, CW 9.9 mm (Figs 12B, 13F).</p>
            <p>Annulation of somites I–VII comprising 1 6 annuli altogether (Fig. 13A, B); 1st annulus completely merged with prostomium, then 2nd (peristomium) = 3rd = 4th &lt;5th&gt; 6th = 7th &lt;8th = 9th&gt; 10th&gt; 11th &lt;12th = 13th = 14th = 15th &lt;16th; 8th and 9th annuli forming posterior margin of oral sucker. Accordingly, annulation of somites I–VII tentatively interpreted as follows (Fig. 13A, B): somite I merged with prostomium; somite II (= peristomium) uniannulate; somite III and IV biannulate, (a1 + a2) = a3, and (a1 + a2)&gt; a3, respectively; somite V triannulate, a1 = a2 = a3, a2 and a3 forming posterior margin of oral sucker; somite VI triannulate, a1&gt; a2 &lt;a3, a1 with slight dorsal furrow; somite VII quadrannulate, a1 = a2 = b5 &lt;b6. Somite VIII quinquannulate, a1&gt; a2 = b5&gt; c11 = c12, a1 with slight furrow (Fig. 13A, B). Somites IX–XXIV sexannulate; IX–XII, b1 &lt;b2 &lt;a2 = b5&gt; c11 &lt;c12, each of a2 and b5 of somite IX with slight lateral furrow on respective sides, each of b2–b5 of somite X with slight furrow, each of b2–c12 of each of somites XI and XII with slight furrow (Fig. 13C); XIII, b1 &lt;b2 (c3 = c4) = a2 (b3 = b4)&gt; b5 (c9 = c10)&gt; c11 (d21 = d22 dorsally) = c12 (d23 = d24 dorsally) (Fig. 13C); XIV, b1 &lt;b2 (c3 = c4) = a2 (b3 = b4) = b5 (c9 = c10)&gt; c11 = c12, each of c11 and c12 with slight furrow (Fig. 13D); XV, b1 &lt;b2 = a2 = b5&gt; c11 = c12, each of b2–c12 with slight furrow; XVI, b1 &lt;b2 = a2 (b3 = b4) &lt;b5 (c9 = c10)&gt; c11 = c12, each of b1, c11, and c12 with slight dorsolateral to ventral furrow, b2 with slight furrow; XVII, b1 &lt;b2 = a2 &lt;b5 (c9 = c10)&gt; c11&gt; c12, b1 with slight ventrolateral to ventral furrow, each of b2, a2, c11, and c12 with slight furrow; XVIII, b1 &lt;b2 = a2 &lt;b5&gt; c11 = c12, b1 with slight dorsolateral to ventrolateral furrow on respective sides, each of b2–c12 with slight furrow; XIX and XX, b1 &lt;b2 = a2 &lt;b5 (c9 = c10)&gt; c11 = c12, b1 of each somite with slight lateral to ventral furrow, each of b2, a2, c11, and c12 of each somite with slight furrow; XXI, b1 &lt;b2 (c3 = c4) = a2 (b3 = b4) &lt;b5 (c9 = c10)&gt; c11 = c12, b1 with slight furrow, each of c11 and c12 with dorsolateral to ventral furrow; XXII and XXIII, b1 &lt;b2 = a2 &lt;b5&gt; c11 = c12, b1 of somite XXII with slight ventral furrow, each of b2–c12 of somite XII with slight furrow, b1 of somite XXIII with two slight ventral furrows, each of b2–b5 of somite XXIII with slight furrow, each of c11 and c12 with slight dorsal to lateral furrow; XXIV, b1 &lt;b2 = a2 = b5 = c11 = c12, each of b2–c11 with slight furrow, c12 with slight dorsal to ventrolateral furrow (Fig. 13E, F). Annulation of somites XXV– XXVII comprising 10 annuli altogether (Fig. 13E, F); 118th &lt;119th&gt; 120th = 121st &lt;122nd = 123rd&gt; 124th = 125th = 126th = 127th; 122nd being last complete annulus on venter; anus between 121st and 122nd with six post-anal annuli. Accordingly, annulation of somites XXV–XXVII tentatively interpreted as follows (Fig. 13E, F): somite XXV quadrannulate, b1 &lt;b2&gt; a2 = a3, each of b1 and b2 with slight ventral furrow, b2 with slight furrow, a3 with slight dorsal furrow; somite XXVI triannulate, a1 = a2&gt; a3, a1 with slight dorsal furrow and being last complete annulus on venter; somite XXVII triannulate; anus at somite XXV/XXVI with six post-anal annuli.</p>
            <p>Male gonopore in somite XI c11/c12 (Fig. 13C). Female gonopore slightly posterior to middle of somite XII c11 (Fig. 13C). Gonopores separated by 5 + 1/2 annuli (Fig. 13C).</p>
            <p>Anterior ganglionic mass in 12th annulus (somite VI a3). Ganglion VII in 14th and 15th annuli (somite VII a2 and b5). Ganglion VIII in a2 and b5. Ganglia IX–XI, of each somite, in a2 (Fig. 14C). Ganglia XII and XIII, of each somite, in b2 and a2 (Fig. 14C). Ganglia XIV and XV, of each somite, in a2 (Fig. 14C). Ganglion XVI in b2 and a2 (Fig. 14C). Ganglia XVII and XVIII, of each somite, in a2 (Fig. 14C). Ganglion XIX in b2 and a2 (Fig. 14C). Ganglion XX in a2. Ganglia XXI–XXIII, of each somite, in b2 and a2. Ganglion XXIV in a2. Ganglion XXV in b1. Ganglion XXVI coalescing with posterior ganglionic mass. Posterior ganglionic mass in 122nd and 123rd annuli (somite XXVI a1 and a2).</p>
            <p>Eyes undetectable.</p>
            <p>Nephridiopores in 17 pairs, one each situated ventrally at posterior margin of a1 of somite VIII (Fig. 13B), at posterior margin of b2 of each somite in IX–XII (Fig. 13C), at posterior margin of b2 (c4) of each somite in XIII and XIV (Fig. 13C), at posterior margin of b2 of each somite in XV–XX, at posterior margin of b2 (c4) of somite XXI, and at posterior margin of b2 of each somite in XXII–XXIV (Fig. 13F).</p>
            <p>Pharynx (Fig. 14A) reaching to somite XV b2. Pharyngopore dorsal, in centre of somite XIV c12 (Fig. 13D). Pharyngoporal duct simple, straight, descending to pharynx terminal end, in somite XIV c12 (Fig. 14B). Crop reaching to somite XXI a2 (b4)/b5 (c9); terminal end of crop forming weakly developed sphincter between crop and intestine, in somites XX–XXI a2 (b4)/b5 (c9). Intestine reaching to somite XXIV b1/b2.</p>
            <p>Testisacs uncountable (Fig. 14C); on right side, in somite XIX b1 to somite XXII c12; on left side, in somite XIX b1 to somite XXII b2. Paired sperm ducts coiled, narrowing at junction with atrial cornua, then running proximally toward atrial cornua (Fig. 14C); right sperm duct in somite XI/XII to somite XVIII/XIX; left sperm duct in somite XI/XII to somite XVIII/XIX. Pair of atrial cornua conical, curved posterolaterally, in somite XI c11 and c12 (Fig. 14C–F). Atrium globular, in somite XI c11 and c12 (Fig. 14C–F).</p>
            <p>One pair of ovisacs long, thin walled, slightly folded, mostly running dorsally on respective sperm ducts (Fig. 14C, G); right ovisac in somite XII c11 to somite XVI a2 (b3/b4); left ovisac in somite XII c11 to somites XV/XVI; both ovisacs turned posterodistally in somite XIII b2 (c3 and c4); converging in somite XII c11.</p>
            <p>Variation: BL 53.0– 58.2 mm, BW 4.3–4.4 mm, CL 2.5–3.2 mm, CW 2.7–3.2 mm. Somites VIII–XII quadrannulate, a1 = a2 = b5 = b6, or a1&gt; a2 = b5 &lt;b6. Somite XIII quinquannulate, a1 (b1 = b2)&gt; a2 = b5&gt; c11 = c12. Male gonopore in somite XI/XII or anterior margin of somite XII a1. Female gonopore slightly anterior to middle of somite XIII a1. Gonopores separated by 4 + 1/2 annuli. Neither pharyngopore and pharyngoporal duct nor gastropore and gastroporal duct present.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039F87D9FFFDFFE1FF78BCFF35134C63	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Nakano, Takafumi;Eto, Koshiro;Nishikawa, Kanto;Hossman, Mohamad Yazid;Jeratthitikul, Ekgachai	Nakano, Takafumi, Eto, Koshiro, Nishikawa, Kanto, Hossman, Mohamad Yazid, Jeratthitikul, Ekgachai (2018): Systematic revision of the Southeast Asian macrophagous leeches, with the description of two new gastrostomobdellid species (Hirudinida: Arhynchobdellida: Erpobdelliformes). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 184: 1-30
039F87D9FFFFFFE6FCE2B82330BC48DD.text	039F87D9FFFFFFE6FCE2B82330BC48DD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scaptobdella sumatrensis (Harding 1931)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> SCAPTOBDELLA SUMATRENSIS (HARDING, 1931)</p>
            <p>(FIGS 15–17)</p>
            <p> Acrabdella sumatrensis Harding, 1931: 222–223 , figs 1, 2. – Soós, 1966b: 154. </p>
            <p> Scaptobdella sumatrensis – Sawyer, 1986: 697, 751. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis: Male gonopore in somite XI c11/c12, female gonopore in somite XII c11/c12, gonopores separated by six annuli. Pharyngopore and pharyngoporal duct present, dorsally in centre of somite XIV c12.</p>
            <p>
                  Syntypes: BMNH 1929.4.22.1, two individuals, both dissected, collected from  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.26/lat -1.69)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.26&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.69">Korinchi Peak</a>
                 , Sumatra, 7300 ft. (=  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.26/lat -1.69)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.26&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.69">Gunung</a>
                 [= Mt.] Kerinci; ~ 1.69°S, ~ 101.26°E; elevation 2235 m; Sumatra, Indonesia), on 22 April 1929, through Robinson-Kloss Expedition (Fig. 15E). One specimen lacking a portion of somite I to the middle of somite  VII (syntype #1; Fig. 15A, B); the other individual had already been dissected into five pieces (syntype #2; Fig. 15C, D)
            </p>
            <p>Description of syntypes: BL&gt; 150 mm (157.6 mm in syntype #2;&gt; 150.3 mm in syntype #1), BW 17.4–21.3 mm (Fig. 15A–D). Caudal sucker ventral, elliptic; CL</p>
            <p>7.8–8.4 mm, CW 8.7–12.4 mm (Figs 15B, 16F). Annulation of somite I–VII comprising 17 annuli altogether (Fig. 16A, B); 1st annulus completely merged with prostomium, then 2nd (peristomium) &lt;3rd&gt; 4th &lt;5th&gt; 6th = 7th = 8th = 9th = 10th = 11t h = 12th &lt;13th = 14th&gt; 15th = 16th &lt;17th; posterior margin of oral sucker undetermined. Accordingly, annulation of somites I–VII tentatively interpreted as follows (Fig. 16A, B): somite I merged with prostomium; somite II (= peristomium) uniannulate; somite III and IV biannulate, (a1 + a2)&gt; a3, IV a3 with slight dorsal furrow; somite V triannulate, a1 = a2 = a3; somites VI and VII quadrannulate, a1 = a2 = b5 &lt;b6, and a1&gt; a2 = b5 &lt;b6 (c11 = c12 dorsally), respectively. Somite VIII quinquannulate, a1 (b1 = b2)&gt; a2 = b5&gt; c11 = c12, each of a2 and b5 with slight dorsal furrow. Somites IX–XVIII sexannulate; IX–XIV, b1 &lt;b2 &lt;a2 = b5&gt; c11 = c12, each of a2 and b5 with slight dorsal to ventrolateral furrow (Fig. 16C, D); XV, b1 &lt;b2 = a2&gt; b5 = c11 = c12, each of b2–c12 with slight lateral furrow on respective sides; XVI, b1 (c1 = c2 dorsally) &lt;b2 (c3 = c4) = a2 (b3 = b4) = b5 (c9 = c10) = c11 = c12, c12 with slight furrow; XVII, b1 &lt;b2 (c3 = c4) = a2 (b3 = b4) = b5 (c9 = c10)&gt; c11 &lt;c12 (d23 = d24 dorsally), c11 with slight dorsal furrow; XVIII, b1 &lt;b2 (c3 = c4 dorsally) &lt;a2 (b3 = b4 dorsally) = b5 (c9 = c10)&gt; c11 (d21 = d22 dorsally) = c12 (d23 = d24 dorsally). Somites XIX and XX septannulate: XIX, b1 &lt;b2 (c3 = c4) &lt;a2 (b3&gt; b4)&gt; c9&gt; c10 &lt;c11 = c12, each of c11 and c12 with slight lateral to ventral furrow; XX, b1 &lt;b2 (c3 = c4 dorsally) = a2 (b3 = b4 dorsally)&gt; c9 = c10 &lt;c11 = c12, each of c11 and c12 with slight furrow. Somite XXI sexannulate, b1 (c1 = c2) &lt;b2 (c3 = c4) = a2 (b3 = b4) = b5 (c9 = c10)&gt; c11 (d21 = d22) = c12 (d23 = d24). Somites XXII and XXIII septannulate: XXII, b1 &lt;b2 (c3 = c4) = a2 (b3 = b4)&gt; c9 = c10 &lt;c11 (d21 = d22) &lt;c12 (d23 = d24 dorsally); XXIII, b1 &lt;b2 &lt;a2&gt; c9 = c10 &lt;c11 &lt;c12, c11 with slight lateral furrow on respective sides, c12 with slight dorsal furrow. Somite XXIV quinquannulate, b1 &lt;b2 (c3 = c4) &lt;a2 &lt;b5 (c9 = c10) = b6 (c11 = c12) (Fig. 16E, F). Annulation of somites XXV–XXVII comprising six or seven annuli altogether (Fig. 16E, F); anus with one or two post-anal annuli. Annulation of somite XXV–XXVII tentatively interpreted as follows (Fig. 16E, F): somite XXV quinquannulate, b1 &lt;b2 &lt;a2 = b5 (c9 = c10)&gt; b6; somite XXVI more than one annulus with slight dorsal furrow, being last complete annulus on venter; somite XXVII uniannulate; anus at somite XXV/XXVI with one to two post-anal annuli.</p>
            <p>Male gonopore in somite XI c11/c12 (Fig. 16C). Female gonopore in XII c11/c12 (Fig. 16C). Gonopores separated by six annuli (Fig. 16C).</p>
            <p>Anterior ganglionic mass in 13th and 14th annuli (somite VI b6 and somite VII a1) (Fig. 16B). Ganglion VII undetectable. Ganglion VIII in a2, or a1 and a2. Ganglia IX and X, of each somite, in b2 and a2. Ganglia XI–XIII, of each somite, a2, or b2 and a2 (Fig. 17C). Ganglia XIV–XVII, of each somite, in a2 (Fig. 17C). Ganglia XVIII and XIX, of each somite, in b2 (Fig. 17C). Ganglia XX and XXI, of each somite, in b2 and a2. Ganglion XXII undetectable. Ganglion XXIII in b2 and a2. Ganglia XXIV and XXV, of each somite, in b2. Ganglion XXVI coalescing with posterior ganglionic mass. Posterior ganglionic mass in somite XXV b5 and XXVI.</p>
            <p>Eyes undetectable.</p>
            <p>Nephridiopores in 17 pairs, one each situated ventrally at posterior margin of a1 of somite VIII, at posterior margin of b2 of each somite in XIX–XXIV (Fig. 16C, F).</p>
            <p>Pharynx (Fig. 17A) reaching to somite XIV/XV–XV b2/b2. Pharyngopore dorsal, in centre of somite XIV c12 (Fig. 16D). Pharyngoporal duct simple, straight, descending to pharynx terminal end, in somite XIV c12 (Fig. 17B). Crop reaching to somite XXI a2; terminal end of crop forming weakly developed sphincter between crop and intestine, in somites XXI b1/b2–a2. Intestine reaching to somite XXIII b1/b2.</p>
            <p>Testisacs uncountable (Fig. 17C); on right side, from somite XVIII c11; on left side, from somite XIX b1; terminal end of testisacs undetectable. Paired sperm ducts coiled, narrowing at junction with atrial cornua, then running proximally toward atrial cornua (Fig. 17C); right sperm duct in somite XI c12–XI/XII to somite XVIII c11–XIX b1; left sperm duct in somite XI c12–XI/ XII to somite XIX b1. Pair of atrial cornua conical, curved posterolaterally, in somite XI c11 and c12 (Fig. 17C–F). Atrium globular, in somite XI b5–c12 (Fig. 17C–F).</p>
            <p>One pair of ovisacs long, thin walled, slightly folded, mostly running dorsally on respective sperm ducts (Fig. 17C, G); right ovisac in somite XII c12 to somite XV b5; left ovisac in somite XII c12 to somite XV a2/b5; both ovisacs turned posterodistally in somite XIII b2; converging in somite XII c12.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039F87D9FFFFFFE6FCE2B82330BC48DD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Nakano, Takafumi;Eto, Koshiro;Nishikawa, Kanto;Hossman, Mohamad Yazid;Jeratthitikul, Ekgachai	Nakano, Takafumi, Eto, Koshiro, Nishikawa, Kanto, Hossman, Mohamad Yazid, Jeratthitikul, Ekgachai (2018): Systematic revision of the Southeast Asian macrophagous leeches, with the description of two new gastrostomobdellid species (Hirudinida: Arhynchobdellida: Erpobdelliformes). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 184: 1-30
