taxonID	type	description	language	source
039F87D9FFE8FFF6FCDEBF0C34314B00.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Gastrostomobdella monticola Moore, 1929, fixed by original designation. Emended diagnosis: Female gonopore in somite XII / XIII to anterior part of somite XIII. Pharyngopore and pharyngoporal duct absent. Gastropore, when present, ventral in posterior part of somite XIV to somite XIV / XV. Gastroporal duct columnar, running vertically from ventral surface of crop to gastropore; two pores open to crop; canal Y-shaped; penetrated by nerve cord. Pair of atrial cornua undeveloped or weakly developed. Tubular ovisacs generally running alongside ventral nerve cord. Remarks: The genus Gastrostomobdella originally comprised only the gastroporous species (Richardson, 1971; Sawyer, 1986). According to the emended diagnosis, however, the genus can contain the Southeast Asian euthylaematous erpobdelliform species without a gastropore and gastroporal duct. Gastrostomobdella species are distinguished from Scaptobdella species by the following combination of morphological characteristics: female gonopore in somite XII / XIII to anterior part of somite XIII (in the posterior part of somite XII in Scaptobdella); atrial cornua rudimentary or weakly developed (developed conical, and curved posterolaterally), and tubular ovisacs generally running alongside the ventral nerve cord (running dorsally on respective sperm ducts). GASTROSTOMOBDELLA EXTENTA NAKANO AND	en	Nakano, Takafumi, Eto, Koshiro, Nishikawa, Kanto, Hossman, Mohamad Yazid, Jeratthitikul, Ekgachai (2018): Systematic revision of the Southeast Asian macrophagous leeches, with the description of two new gastrostomobdellid species (Hirudinida: Arhynchobdellida: Erpobdelliformes). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 184: 1-30
039F87D9FFE8FFF6FF09BF0034064CEF.taxon	diagnosis	Emended diagnosis: Body firm and muscular, elongate, with constant width in caudal direction, dorsoventrally compressed. Somite I completely merged with prostomium. Somite II uniannulate, not separated from I. Mid-body somite annulation, variable, basically sexannulate. Post-anal annuli present. Male gonopore in posterior part of somite XI to anterior part of somite XII. Female gonopore in posterior part of somite XII to anterior part of somite XIII. Papillae numerous, minute, hardly visible, one row on every annulus, and two rows on annuli with secondary furrow. Pharynx agnathous, euthylaematous. Pharyngopore, when present, dorsally in posterior part of somite XIV. Pharyngoporal duct simple, straight, descending to pharynx terminal end. Crop tubular, acaecate. Gastropore, when present, ventral in posterior part of somite XIV to somite XIV / XV. Gastroporal duct columnar, running vertically from ventral surface of crop to gastropore; two pores open to crop; canal Y-shaped; penetrated by nerve cord. Intestine tubular, acaecate. Rectum tubular, thin walled, straight. Testisacs multiple. Ejaculatory bulbs absent. Epididymides absent. Pre-atrial loops absent. Male median reproductive system in posterior part of somite XI to anterior part of somite XII, without penis or penis sheath. Ovisacs tubular, directly descending to female gonopore. Remarks: Both the Southeast Asian family Gastrostomobdellidae and the East Asian monogeneric family Orobdellidae are characterized by an agnathous and euthylaematous pharynx in the digestive tract. According to taxonomic studies (Nakano et al., 2012; Nakano, 2016), Gastrostomobdellidae is distinct from Orobdellidae in the following characteristics: post-anal annuli present (absent in orobdellid species), and ovisacs tubular, directly descending to female gonopore (globular with oviducts in orobdellid species). Moreover, gastrostomobdellid species lack epididymides in their male genital system, whereas most orobdellid species possess them. The characteristics of the gastrostomobdellid ventral gastropore and gastroporal duct are also clearly different from those of the orobdellid leeches: in Gastrostomobdellidae, when present, the gastropore opens in the posterior part of somite XIV to somite XIV / XV (in the anterior part of somite XIII in Orobdellidae). The gastroporal duct is columnar, and runs vertically from the ventral surface of the crop to the gastropore (tubular, lying on the female organ in Orobdellidae). A dorsal pharyngopore and the duct connecting it to the pharynx have never been described for species within the other erpobdelliform families, i. e. Erpobdellidae, Orobdellidae, and Salifidae.	en	Nakano, Takafumi, Eto, Koshiro, Nishikawa, Kanto, Hossman, Mohamad Yazid, Jeratthitikul, Ekgachai (2018): Systematic revision of the Southeast Asian macrophagous leeches, with the description of two new gastrostomobdellid species (Hirudinida: Arhynchobdellida: Erpobdelliformes). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 184: 1-30
039F87D9FFE3FFE3FCC1BB38335C4C8D.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Scaptobdella horsti Blanchard, 1897, fixed by monotypy. Emended diagnosis: Female gonopore in posterior part of somite XII. Pharyngopore, when present, dorsally in posterior part of somite XIV. Pharyngoporal duct simple, straight, descending to pharynx terminal end. Crop tubular, acaecate. Gastropore and gastroporal duct absent. Pair of atrial cornua conical, curved posterolaterally. Tubular ovisacs turned posterodistally, then running dorsally on respective sperm ducts. Remarks: This genus has been considered a salifid taxon (Sawyer, 1986; Nakano & Nguyen, 2015). However, Scaptobdella does not belong to the family Salifidae because its type species and other congeners clearly possess an agnathous and euthylaematous pharynx in their oral cavities. Although the species of Scaptobdella do not bear a ventral gastroporal duct, this genus is placed within the family Gastrostomobdellidae by the following characteristics: mid-body somite annulation basically sexannulate, post-anal annuli present, ejaculatory bulbs and epididymides absent, and ovisacs tubular, directly descending to female gonopore. Scaptobdella is distinguishable from Gastrostomobdella by the following morphological characteristics: female gonopore in posterior part of somite XII (in somite XII / XIII to anterior part of somite XIII in Gastrostomobdella), atrial cornua developed conical, and curved posterolaterally (rudimentary or weakly developed), and tubular ovisacs running dorsally on respective sperm ducts (generally running alongside the ventral nerve cord).	en	Nakano, Takafumi, Eto, Koshiro, Nishikawa, Kanto, Hossman, Mohamad Yazid, Jeratthitikul, Ekgachai (2018): Systematic revision of the Southeast Asian macrophagous leeches, with the description of two new gastrostomobdellid species (Hirudinida: Arhynchobdellida: Erpobdelliformes). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 184: 1-30
039F87D9FFFDFFE1FF78BCFF35134C63.taxon	description	(FIGS 12 – 14) Scaptobdellahorsti Blanchard, 1897 b: 97 – 99, fig. 19,20. – Kaburaki, 1921: 709. – Harding, 1931: 221 – 222. – Sawyer, 1986: 697, 751.	en	Nakano, Takafumi, Eto, Koshiro, Nishikawa, Kanto, Hossman, Mohamad Yazid, Jeratthitikul, Ekgachai (2018): Systematic revision of the Southeast Asian macrophagous leeches, with the description of two new gastrostomobdellid species (Hirudinida: Arhynchobdellida: Erpobdelliformes). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 184: 1-30
039F87D9FFFDFFE1FF78BCFF35134C63.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Male gonopore in somite XI c 11 / c 12, female gonopore slightly anterior to middle of somite XII c 11, gonopores separated by 5 + 1 / 2 annuli. Pharyngopore and pharyngoporal duct present, dorsally in centre of somite XIV c 12. Lectotype designation: One syntype, RMNH. Hi. 683 (Fig. 12), collected from Sumatra, was chosen as the lectotype for S. horsti in this study, because only this specimen bears an obvious dorsal pharyngopore in somite XIV. The other syntypes collected from Borneo possessed neither such a secondary pore nor such a duct connecting to the digestive tract. The original description was also provided based mainly on the lectotype designated herein (# 58 in Blanchard, 1897 b). Lectotype: RMNH. Hi. 683, dissected, collected from Padang (~ 0.8 ° S, ~ 100.4 ° E), Sumatra, Indonesia, through Sumatra Expedition 1877 / 79, detailed collection date unknown (Fig. 12 C, D). Paralectotypes: Two specimens collected from Kalimantan, Indonesia, through Büttikoffer’s Borneo expedition 1893 / 94; RMNH. Hi. 2230, collected from Liang Koeboeng, Borneo (= Gunung [= Mt.] Liang Kubung; see G. buettikoferi); and RMNH. Hi. 2231, collected from Sintang (~ 0.051 ° S, ~ 111.48 ° E), Borneo. Although Blanchard (1897 b) mentioned that two individuals had belonged to RMNH. Hi. 2231 (# 60 in his paper), only one specimen comprises RMNH. Hi. 2231 at present; the other specimen may have been lost in the past (Joke Bleeker, personal communication). Description of lectotype: BL 144.4 mm, BW 14.4 mm (Fig. 12 A, B). Caudal sucker ventral, elliptic; CL 8.3 mm, CW 9.9 mm (Figs 12 B, 13 F). Annulation of somites I – VII comprising 1 6 annuli altogether (Fig. 13 A, B); 1 st annulus completely merged with prostomium, then 2 nd (peristomium) = 3 rd = 4 th <5 th> 6 th = 7 th <8 th = 9 th> 10 th> 11 th <12 th = 13 th = 14 th = 15 th <16 th; 8 th and 9 th annuli forming posterior margin of oral sucker. Accordingly, annulation of somites I – VII tentatively interpreted as follows (Fig. 13 A, B): somite I merged with prostomium; somite II (= peristomium) uniannulate; somite III and IV biannulate, (a 1 + a 2) = a 3, and (a 1 + a 2)> a 3, respectively; somite V triannulate, a 1 = a 2 = a 3, a 2 and a 3 forming posterior margin of oral sucker; somite VI triannulate, a 1> a 2 <a 3, a 1 with slight dorsal furrow; somite VII quadrannulate, a 1 = a 2 = b 5 <b 6. Somite VIII quinquannulate, a 1> a 2 = b 5> c 11 = c 12, a 1 with slight furrow (Fig. 13 A, B). Somites IX – XXIV sexannulate; IX – XII, b 1 <b 2 <a 2 = b 5> c 11 <c 12, each of a 2 and b 5 of somite IX with slight lateral furrow on respective sides, each of b 2 – b 5 of somite X with slight furrow, each of b 2 – c 12 of each of somites XI and XII with slight furrow (Fig. 13 C); XIII, b 1 <b 2 (c 3 = c 4) = a 2 (b 3 = b 4)> b 5 (c 9 = c 10)> c 11 (d 21 = d 22 dorsally) = c 12 (d 23 = d 24 dorsally) (Fig. 13 C); XIV, b 1 <b 2 (c 3 = c 4) = a 2 (b 3 = b 4) = b 5 (c 9 = c 10)> c 11 = c 12, each of c 11 and c 12 with slight furrow (Fig. 13 D); XV, b 1 <b 2 = a 2 = b 5> c 11 = c 12, each of b 2 – c 12 with slight furrow; XVI, b 1 <b 2 = a 2 (b 3 = b 4) <b 5 (c 9 = c 10)> c 11 = c 12, each of b 1, c 11, and c 12 with slight dorsolateral to ventral furrow, b 2 with slight furrow; XVII, b 1 <b 2 = a 2 <b 5 (c 9 = c 10)> c 11> c 12, b 1 with slight ventrolateral to ventral furrow, each of b 2, a 2, c 11, and c 12 with slight furrow; XVIII, b 1 <b 2 = a 2 <b 5> c 11 = c 12, b 1 with slight dorsolateral to ventrolateral furrow on respective sides, each of b 2 – c 12 with slight furrow; XIX and XX, b 1 <b 2 = a 2 <b 5 (c 9 = c 10)> c 11 = c 12, b 1 of each somite with slight lateral to ventral furrow, each of b 2, a 2, c 11, and c 12 of each somite with slight furrow; XXI, b 1 <b 2 (c 3 = c 4) = a 2 (b 3 = b 4) <b 5 (c 9 = c 10)> c 11 = c 12, b 1 with slight furrow, each of c 11 and c 12 with dorsolateral to ventral furrow; XXII and XXIII, b 1 <b 2 = a 2 <b 5> c 11 = c 12, b 1 of somite XXII with slight ventral furrow, each of b 2 – c 12 of somite XII with slight furrow, b 1 of somite XXIII with two slight ventral furrows, each of b 2 – b 5 of somite XXIII with slight furrow, each of c 11 and c 12 with slight dorsal to lateral furrow; XXIV, b 1 <b 2 = a 2 = b 5 = c 11 = c 12, each of b 2 – c 11 with slight furrow, c 12 with slight dorsal to ventrolateral furrow (Fig. 13 E, F). Annulation of somites XXV – XXVII comprising 10 annuli altogether (Fig. 13 E, F); 118 th <119 th> 120 th = 121 st <122 nd = 123 rd> 124 th = 125 th = 126 th = 127 th; 122 nd being last complete annulus on venter; anus between 121 st and 122 nd with six post-anal annuli. Accordingly, annulation of somites XXV – XXVII tentatively interpreted as follows (Fig. 13 E, F): somite XXV quadrannulate, b 1 <b 2> a 2 = a 3, each of b 1 and b 2 with slight ventral furrow, b 2 with slight furrow, a 3 with slight dorsal furrow; somite XXVI triannulate, a 1 = a 2> a 3, a 1 with slight dorsal furrow and being last complete annulus on venter; somite XXVII triannulate; anus at somite XXV / XXVI with six post-anal annuli. Male gonopore in somite XI c 11 / c 12 (Fig. 13 C). Female gonopore slightly posterior to middle of somite XII c 11 (Fig. 13 C). Gonopores separated by 5 + 1 / 2 annuli (Fig. 13 C). Anterior ganglionic mass in 12 th annulus (somite VI a 3). Ganglion VII in 14 th and 15 th annuli (somite VII a 2 and b 5). Ganglion VIII in a 2 and b 5. Ganglia IX – XI, of each somite, in a 2 (Fig. 14 C). Ganglia XII and XIII, of each somite, in b 2 and a 2 (Fig. 14 C). Ganglia XIV and XV, of each somite, in a 2 (Fig. 14 C). Ganglion XVI in b 2 and a 2 (Fig. 14 C). Ganglia XVII and XVIII, of each somite, in a 2 (Fig. 14 C). Ganglion XIX in b 2 and a 2 (Fig. 14 C). Ganglion XX in a 2. Ganglia XXI – XXIII, of each somite, in b 2 and a 2. Ganglion XXIV in a 2. Ganglion XXV in b 1. Ganglion XXVI coalescing with posterior ganglionic mass. Posterior ganglionic mass in 122 nd and 123 rd annuli (somite XXVI a 1 and a 2). Eyes undetectable. Nephridiopores in 17 pairs, one each situated ventrally at posterior margin of a 1 of somite VIII (Fig. 13 B), at posterior margin of b 2 of each somite in IX – XII (Fig. 13 C), at posterior margin of b 2 (c 4) of each somite in XIII and XIV (Fig. 13 C), at posterior margin of b 2 of each somite in XV – XX, at posterior margin of b 2 (c 4) of somite XXI, and at posterior margin of b 2 of each somite in XXII – XXIV (Fig. 13 F). Pharynx (Fig. 14 A) reaching to somite XV b 2. Pharyngopore dorsal, in centre of somite XIV c 12 (Fig. 13 D). Pharyngoporal duct simple, straight, descending to pharynx terminal end, in somite XIV c 12 (Fig. 14 B). Crop reaching to somite XXI a 2 (b 4) / b 5 (c 9); terminal end of crop forming weakly developed sphincter between crop and intestine, in somites XX – XXI a 2 (b 4) / b 5 (c 9). Intestine reaching to somite XXIV b 1 / b 2. Testisacs uncountable (Fig. 14 C); on right side, in somite XIX b 1 to somite XXII c 12; on left side, in somite XIX b 1 to somite XXII b 2. Paired sperm ducts coiled, narrowing at junction with atrial cornua, then running proximally toward atrial cornua (Fig. 14 C); right sperm duct in somite XI / XII to somite XVIII / XIX; left sperm duct in somite XI / XII to somite XVIII / XIX. Pair of atrial cornua conical, curved posterolaterally, in somite XI c 11 and c 12 (Fig. 14 C – F). Atrium globular, in somite XI c 11 and c 12 (Fig. 14 C – F). One pair of ovisacs long, thin walled, slightly folded, mostly running dorsally on respective sperm ducts (Fig. 14 C, G); right ovisac in somite XII c 11 to somite XVI a 2 (b 3 / b 4); left ovisac in somite XII c 11 to somites XV / XVI; both ovisacs turned posterodistally in somite XIII b 2 (c 3 and c 4); converging in somite XII c 11. Variation: BL 53.0 – 58.2 mm, BW 4.3 – 4.4 mm, CL 2.5 – 3.2 mm, CW 2.7 – 3.2 mm. Somites VIII – XII quadrannulate, a 1 = a 2 = b 5 = b 6, or a 1> a 2 = b 5 <b 6. Somite XIII quinquannulate, a 1 (b 1 = b 2)> a 2 = b 5> c 11 = c 12. Male gonopore in somite XI / XII or anterior margin of somite XII a 1. Female gonopore slightly anterior to middle of somite XIII a 1. Gonopores separated by 4 + 1 / 2 annuli. Neither pharyngopore and pharyngoporal duct nor gastropore and gastroporal duct present.	en	Nakano, Takafumi, Eto, Koshiro, Nishikawa, Kanto, Hossman, Mohamad Yazid, Jeratthitikul, Ekgachai (2018): Systematic revision of the Southeast Asian macrophagous leeches, with the description of two new gastrostomobdellid species (Hirudinida: Arhynchobdellida: Erpobdelliformes). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 184: 1-30
039F87D9FFFFFFE6FCE2B82330BC48DD.taxon	description	(FIGS 15 – 17)	en	Nakano, Takafumi, Eto, Koshiro, Nishikawa, Kanto, Hossman, Mohamad Yazid, Jeratthitikul, Ekgachai (2018): Systematic revision of the Southeast Asian macrophagous leeches, with the description of two new gastrostomobdellid species (Hirudinida: Arhynchobdellida: Erpobdelliformes). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 184: 1-30
039F87D9FFFFFFE6FCE2B82330BC48DD.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Male gonopore in somite XI c 11 / c 12, female gonopore in somite XII c 11 / c 12, gonopores separated by six annuli. Pharyngopore and pharyngoporal duct present, dorsally in centre of somite XIV c 12. Syntypes: BMNH 1929.4. 22.1, two individuals, both dissected, collected from Korinchi Peak, Sumatra, 7300 ft. (= Gunung [= Mt.] Kerinci; ~ 1.69 ° S, ~ 101.26 ° E; elevation 2235 m; Sumatra, Indonesia), on 22 April 1929, through Robinson-Kloss Expedition (Fig. 15 E). One specimen lacking a portion of somite I to the middle of somite VII (syntype # 1; Fig. 15 A, B); the other individual had already been dissected into five pieces (syntype # 2; Fig. 15 C, D) Description of syntypes: BL> 150 mm (157.6 mm in syntype # 2;> 150.3 mm in syntype # 1), BW 17.4 – 21.3 mm (Fig. 15 A – D). Caudal sucker ventral, elliptic; CL 7.8 – 8.4 mm, CW 8.7 – 12.4 mm (Figs 15 B, 16 F). Annulation of somite I – VII comprising 17 annuli altogether (Fig. 16 A, B); 1 st annulus completely merged with prostomium, then 2 nd (peristomium) <3 rd> 4 th <5 th> 6 th = 7 th = 8 th = 9 th = 10 th = 11 t h = 12 th <13 th = 14 th> 15 th = 16 th <17 th; posterior margin of oral sucker undetermined. Accordingly, annulation of somites I – VII tentatively interpreted as follows (Fig. 16 A, B): somite I merged with prostomium; somite II (= peristomium) uniannulate; somite III and IV biannulate, (a 1 + a 2)> a 3, IV a 3 with slight dorsal furrow; somite V triannulate, a 1 = a 2 = a 3; somites VI and VII quadrannulate, a 1 = a 2 = b 5 <b 6, and a 1> a 2 = b 5 <b 6 (c 11 = c 12 dorsally), respectively. Somite VIII quinquannulate, a 1 (b 1 = b 2)> a 2 = b 5> c 11 = c 12, each of a 2 and b 5 with slight dorsal furrow. Somites IX – XVIII sexannulate; IX – XIV, b 1 <b 2 <a 2 = b 5> c 11 = c 12, each of a 2 and b 5 with slight dorsal to ventrolateral furrow (Fig. 16 C, D); XV, b 1 <b 2 = a 2> b 5 = c 11 = c 12, each of b 2 – c 12 with slight lateral furrow on respective sides; XVI, b 1 (c 1 = c 2 dorsally) <b 2 (c 3 = c 4) = a 2 (b 3 = b 4) = b 5 (c 9 = c 10) = c 11 = c 12, c 12 with slight furrow; XVII, b 1 <b 2 (c 3 = c 4) = a 2 (b 3 = b 4) = b 5 (c 9 = c 10)> c 11 <c 12 (d 23 = d 24 dorsally), c 11 with slight dorsal furrow; XVIII, b 1 <b 2 (c 3 = c 4 dorsally) <a 2 (b 3 = b 4 dorsally) = b 5 (c 9 = c 10)> c 11 (d 21 = d 22 dorsally) = c 12 (d 23 = d 24 dorsally). Somites XIX and XX septannulate: XIX, b 1 <b 2 (c 3 = c 4) <a 2 (b 3> b 4)> c 9> c 10 <c 11 = c 12, each of c 11 and c 12 with slight lateral to ventral furrow; XX, b 1 <b 2 (c 3 = c 4 dorsally) = a 2 (b 3 = b 4 dorsally)> c 9 = c 10 <c 11 = c 12, each of c 11 and c 12 with slight furrow. Somite XXI sexannulate, b 1 (c 1 = c 2) <b 2 (c 3 = c 4) = a 2 (b 3 = b 4) = b 5 (c 9 = c 10)> c 11 (d 21 = d 22) = c 12 (d 23 = d 24). Somites XXII and XXIII septannulate: XXII, b 1 <b 2 (c 3 = c 4) = a 2 (b 3 = b 4)> c 9 = c 10 <c 11 (d 21 = d 22) <c 12 (d 23 = d 24 dorsally); XXIII, b 1 <b 2 <a 2> c 9 = c 10 <c 11 <c 12, c 11 with slight lateral furrow on respective sides, c 12 with slight dorsal furrow. Somite XXIV quinquannulate, b 1 <b 2 (c 3 = c 4) <a 2 <b 5 (c 9 = c 10) = b 6 (c 11 = c 12) (Fig. 16 E, F). Annulation of somites XXV – XXVII comprising six or seven annuli altogether (Fig. 16 E, F); anus with one or two post-anal annuli. Annulation of somite XXV – XXVII tentatively interpreted as follows (Fig. 16 E, F): somite XXV quinquannulate, b 1 <b 2 <a 2 = b 5 (c 9 = c 10)> b 6; somite XXVI more than one annulus with slight dorsal furrow, being last complete annulus on venter; somite XXVII uniannulate; anus at somite XXV / XXVI with one to two post-anal annuli. Male gonopore in somite XI c 11 / c 12 (Fig. 16 C). Female gonopore in XII c 11 / c 12 (Fig. 16 C). Gonopores separated by six annuli (Fig. 16 C). Anterior ganglionic mass in 13 th and 14 th annuli (somite VI b 6 and somite VII a 1) (Fig. 16 B). Ganglion VII undetectable. Ganglion VIII in a 2, or a 1 and a 2. Ganglia IX and X, of each somite, in b 2 and a 2. Ganglia XI – XIII, of each somite, a 2, or b 2 and a 2 (Fig. 17 C). Ganglia XIV – XVII, of each somite, in a 2 (Fig. 17 C). Ganglia XVIII and XIX, of each somite, in b 2 (Fig. 17 C). Ganglia XX and XXI, of each somite, in b 2 and a 2. Ganglion XXII undetectable. Ganglion XXIII in b 2 and a 2. Ganglia XXIV and XXV, of each somite, in b 2. Ganglion XXVI coalescing with posterior ganglionic mass. Posterior ganglionic mass in somite XXV b 5 and XXVI. Eyes undetectable. Nephridiopores in 17 pairs, one each situated ventrally at posterior margin of a 1 of somite VIII, at posterior margin of b 2 of each somite in XIX – XXIV (Fig. 16 C, F). Pharynx (Fig. 17 A) reaching to somite XIV / XV – XV b 2 / b 2. Pharyngopore dorsal, in centre of somite XIV c 12 (Fig. 16 D). Pharyngoporal duct simple, straight, descending to pharynx terminal end, in somite XIV c 12 (Fig. 17 B). Crop reaching to somite XXI a 2; terminal end of crop forming weakly developed sphincter between crop and intestine, in somites XXI b 1 / b 2 – a 2. Intestine reaching to somite XXIII b 1 / b 2. Testisacs uncountable (Fig. 17 C); on right side, from somite XVIII c 11; on left side, from somite XIX b 1; terminal end of testisacs undetectable. Paired sperm ducts coiled, narrowing at junction with atrial cornua, then running proximally toward atrial cornua (Fig. 17 C); right sperm duct in somite XI c 12 – XI / XII to somite XVIII c 11 – XIX b 1; left sperm duct in somite XI c 12 – XI / XII to somite XIX b 1. Pair of atrial cornua conical, curved posterolaterally, in somite XI c 11 and c 12 (Fig. 17 C – F). Atrium globular, in somite XI b 5 – c 12 (Fig. 17 C – F). One pair of ovisacs long, thin walled, slightly folded, mostly running dorsally on respective sperm ducts (Fig. 17 C, G); right ovisac in somite XII c 12 to somite XV b 5; left ovisac in somite XII c 12 to somite XV a 2 / b 5; both ovisacs turned posterodistally in somite XIII b 2; converging in somite XII c 12.	en	Nakano, Takafumi, Eto, Koshiro, Nishikawa, Kanto, Hossman, Mohamad Yazid, Jeratthitikul, Ekgachai (2018): Systematic revision of the Southeast Asian macrophagous leeches, with the description of two new gastrostomobdellid species (Hirudinida: Arhynchobdellida: Erpobdelliformes). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 184: 1-30
