taxonID	type	format	identifier	references	title	description	created	creator	contributor	publisher	audience	source	license	rightsHolder	datasetID
039C87B1FF9D1F619D9DFE2E60F0FF03.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14857038/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14857038	Figure 11. Caudal skeleton of the subfamily Porichthyinae. A, Porichthys notatus VIMS 38017 (84.0 mm SL). B, Porichthys bathoiketes UF 228539 (73.5 mm SL). C, Porichthys margaritatus UF 226009 (99.2 mm SL). D, Porichthys porosissimus/plectrodon species complex VIMS 1132 (55.7 mm SL). E, Porichthys pauciradiatus UF 226549 (44.6 mm SL), unique for having a single epural. F, Aphos porosus USNM 309738 (152.3 mm SL). *Acute articular edge of parhypural flange, distinctive of the subfamily Porichthyinae. Abbreviations: dcr, distal caudal radial cartilage; dhy, dorsal hypural; dpo, dorsal postzygapophysis; dpz, dorsal prezygapophysis; ep, epural; hspu, haemal spine of preural vertebra; nspu, neural spine of preural vertebra; phf, parhypural flange; phy, parhypural; pro, procurrent caudal-fin ray; pu, preural centrum; spn, parhypural spines; spr, spur; vhy, ventral hypural; vpo, ventral postzygapophysis; vpz, ventral prezygapophysis; u, ural centrum. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.	Figure 11. Caudal skeleton of the subfamily Porichthyinae. A, Porichthys notatus VIMS 38017 (84.0 mm SL). B, Porichthys bathoiketes UF 228539 (73.5 mm SL). C, Porichthys margaritatus UF 226009 (99.2 mm SL). D, Porichthys porosissimus/plectrodon species complex VIMS 1132 (55.7 mm SL). E, Porichthys pauciradiatus UF 226549 (44.6 mm SL), unique for having a single epural. F, Aphos porosus USNM 309738 (152.3 mm SL). *Acute articular edge of parhypural flange, distinctive of the subfamily Porichthyinae. Abbreviations: dcr, distal caudal radial cartilage; dhy, dorsal hypural; dpo, dorsal postzygapophysis; dpz, dorsal prezygapophysis; ep, epural; hspu, haemal spine of preural vertebra; nspu, neural spine of preural vertebra; phf, parhypural flange; phy, parhypural; pro, procurrent caudal-fin ray; pu, preural centrum; spn, parhypural spines; spr, spur; vhy, ventral hypural; vpo, ventral postzygapophysis; vpz, ventral prezygapophysis; u, ural centrum. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.	2020-05-31	Vaz, Diego F B;Hilton, Eric J		Zenodo	biologists	Vaz, Diego F B;Hilton, Eric J			
039C87B1FF9D1F619D9DFE2E60F0FF03.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14857040/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14857040	Figure 12. Morphological variation of the caudal skeleton of Porichthys greenei (Porichthyinae), UF 226105.A, 37.1 mm SL. B, 50.7 mm SL. C, 56.2 mm SL. D, 60.7 mm SL. Abbreviations: dhy, dorsal hypural; dpz, dorsal prezygapophysis; ep, epural; hspu, haemal spine of preural vertebra; nspu, neural spine of preural vertebra; phf, parhypural flange; phy, parhypural; pro, procurrent caudal-fin ray; pu, preural centrum; spn, parhypural spines; spr, spur; vhy, ventral hypural; u, ural centrum. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.	Figure 12. Morphological variation of the caudal skeleton of Porichthys greenei (Porichthyinae), UF 226105.A, 37.1 mm SL. B, 50.7 mm SL. C, 56.2 mm SL. D, 60.7 mm SL. Abbreviations: dhy, dorsal hypural; dpz, dorsal prezygapophysis; ep, epural; hspu, haemal spine of preural vertebra; nspu, neural spine of preural vertebra; phf, parhypural flange; phy, parhypural; pro, procurrent caudal-fin ray; pu, preural centrum; spn, parhypural spines; spr, spur; vhy, ventral hypural; u, ural centrum. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.	2020-05-31	Vaz, Diego F B;Hilton, Eric J		Zenodo	biologists	Vaz, Diego F B;Hilton, Eric J			
039C87B1FF9D1F619D9DFE2E60F0FF03.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14857042/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14857042	Figure 13. Morphological variation of the caudal skeleton of Porichthys margaritatus (Porichthyinae). A, USNM 101730 (19.3 mm SL). B, USNM 101730 (41.3 mm SL). C, UF 226009 (70.2 mm SL). D, UF 226009 (89.4 mm SL). Abbreviations: dhy, dorsal hypural; dpz, dorsal prezygapophysis; ep, epural; hspu, haemal spine of preural vertebra; nspu, neural spine of preural vertebra; phf, parhypural flange; phy, parhypural; pro, procurrent caudal-fin ray; pu, preural centrum; spn, parhypural spines; vhy, ventral hypural; vpz, ventral prezygapophysis; u, ural centrum. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.	Figure 13. Morphological variation of the caudal skeleton of Porichthys margaritatus (Porichthyinae). A, USNM 101730 (19.3 mm SL). B, USNM 101730 (41.3 mm SL). C, UF 226009 (70.2 mm SL). D, UF 226009 (89.4 mm SL). Abbreviations: dhy, dorsal hypural; dpz, dorsal prezygapophysis; ep, epural; hspu, haemal spine of preural vertebra; nspu, neural spine of preural vertebra; phf, parhypural flange; phy, parhypural; pro, procurrent caudal-fin ray; pu, preural centrum; spn, parhypural spines; vhy, ventral hypural; vpz, ventral prezygapophysis; u, ural centrum. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.	2020-05-31	Vaz, Diego F B;Hilton, Eric J		Zenodo	biologists	Vaz, Diego F B;Hilton, Eric J			
039C87B1FF9D1F619D9DFE2E60F0FF03.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14857044/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14857044	Figure 14. Porichthys cf. plectrodon (Porichthyinae), USNM 302134. A, 48.7 mm SL. B, 53.5 mm SL. C, 58.6 mm SL. D, 75.5 mm SL. Note the hockey-stick shape of the posterior epural. *Proximal projection of the parhypural flange. Abbreviations: dhy, dorsal hypural; dpz, dorsal prezygapophysis; ep, epural; hspu, haemal spine of preural vertebra; nspu, neural spine of preural vertebra; phf, parhypural flange; phy, parhypural; pro, procurrent caudal-fin ray; pu, preural centrum; spn, parhypural spines; vhy, ventral hypural; vpo, ventral postzygapophysis; vpz, ventral prezygapophysis; u, ural centrum. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.	Figure 14. Porichthys cf. plectrodon (Porichthyinae), USNM 302134. A, 48.7 mm SL. B, 53.5 mm SL. C, 58.6 mm SL. D, 75.5 mm SL. Note the hockey-stick shape of the posterior epural. *Proximal projection of the parhypural flange. Abbreviations: dhy, dorsal hypural; dpz, dorsal prezygapophysis; ep, epural; hspu, haemal spine of preural vertebra; nspu, neural spine of preural vertebra; phf, parhypural flange; phy, parhypural; pro, procurrent caudal-fin ray; pu, preural centrum; spn, parhypural spines; vhy, ventral hypural; vpo, ventral postzygapophysis; vpz, ventral prezygapophysis; u, ural centrum. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.	2020-05-31	Vaz, Diego F B;Hilton, Eric J		Zenodo	biologists	Vaz, Diego F B;Hilton, Eric J			
039C87B1FF9D1F619D9DFE2E60F0FF03.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14857082/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14857082	Figure 31. Morphological variation of the dorsal surface of the ural centrum of the caudal skeleton of Percomorphacea. A, Gobiosoma bosc VIMS 38040 (30.8 mm SL, Gobiidae). B, Chaetodipterus faber VIMS 8021 (44.1 mm SL, Ephippidae). C, Artedius fenestralis VIMS 38006 (42.5 mm SL, Cottidae). D, Synchiropus picturatus USNM 342665 (Callionymidae; caudal skeleton only). E, Gobiesox strumosus VIMS 38039 (58.1 mm SL, Gobiesocidae). F, Lagocephalus laevigatus VIMS 38035 (33.8 mm, Tetraodontidae). Terminology of caudal elements of Gobiesox strumosus follows Konstantinidis & Conway (2010). Abbreviations: dcr, distal caudal radial cartilage; dhy, dorsal hypural; dpz, dorsal prezygapophysis; ep, epural; hspu, haemal spine of preural vertebra; hy, hypural; na, neural arch; nspu, neural spine of preural vertebra; phf, parhypural flange; phy, parhypural; vhy, ventral hypural; uc, urostylar centrum; un, uroneural. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.	Figure 31. Morphological variation of the dorsal surface of the ural centrum of the caudal skeleton of Percomorphacea. A, Gobiosoma bosc VIMS 38040 (30.8 mm SL, Gobiidae). B, Chaetodipterus faber VIMS 8021 (44.1 mm SL, Ephippidae). C, Artedius fenestralis VIMS 38006 (42.5 mm SL, Cottidae). D, Synchiropus picturatus USNM 342665 (Callionymidae; caudal skeleton only). E, Gobiesox strumosus VIMS 38039 (58.1 mm SL, Gobiesocidae). F, Lagocephalus laevigatus VIMS 38035 (33.8 mm, Tetraodontidae). Terminology of caudal elements of Gobiesox strumosus follows Konstantinidis & Conway (2010). Abbreviations: dcr, distal caudal radial cartilage; dhy, dorsal hypural; dpz, dorsal prezygapophysis; ep, epural; hspu, haemal spine of preural vertebra; hy, hypural; na, neural arch; nspu, neural spine of preural vertebra; phf, parhypural flange; phy, parhypural; vhy, ventral hypural; uc, urostylar centrum; un, uroneural. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.	2020-05-31	Vaz, Diego F B;Hilton, Eric J		Zenodo	biologists	Vaz, Diego F B;Hilton, Eric J			
039C87B1FF9D1F619D9DFE2E60F0FF03.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14857084/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14857084	Figure 32. Morphological variation of the parhypural flange of Percomorphacea. A, Liparis dennyi VIMS 38060 (62.0 mm SL, Liparidae). B, Epigonus pandionis VIMS 7468 (119.0 mm SL, Epigonidae). C, Trinectes maculatusVIMS 38037 (57.9 mm SL, Achiridae). D, Hexagrammos stelleri VIMS 38009 (104.0 mm SL, Hexagrammidae). Abbreviations: dcr, distal caudal radial cartilage; dhy, dorsal hypural; dpz, dorsal prezygapophysis; ep, epural; hpr, hypurapophysis; hspu, haemal spine of preural vertebra; hy, hypural; nspu, neural spine of preural vertebra; phf, parhypural flange; phy, parhypural; vhy, ventral hypural; uc, urostylar centrum; un, uroneural. Scale bars: 1 mm.	Figure 32. Morphological variation of the parhypural flange of Percomorphacea. A, Liparis dennyi VIMS 38060 (62.0 mm SL, Liparidae). B, Epigonus pandionis VIMS 7468 (119.0 mm SL, Epigonidae). C, Trinectes maculatusVIMS 38037 (57.9 mm SL, Achiridae). D, Hexagrammos stelleri VIMS 38009 (104.0 mm SL, Hexagrammidae). Abbreviations: dcr, distal caudal radial cartilage; dhy, dorsal hypural; dpz, dorsal prezygapophysis; ep, epural; hpr, hypurapophysis; hspu, haemal spine of preural vertebra; hy, hypural; nspu, neural spine of preural vertebra; phf, parhypural flange; phy, parhypural; vhy, ventral hypural; uc, urostylar centrum; un, uroneural. Scale bars: 1 mm.	2020-05-31	Vaz, Diego F B;Hilton, Eric J		Zenodo	biologists	Vaz, Diego F B;Hilton, Eric J			
039C87B1FF841F6B9E37FEDD61DAFA7C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14857046/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14857046	Figure 15. Caudal skeleton of the subfamily Thalassophryninae in lateral (A–D) and dorsolateral (E, F) views. A, Daector dowi (USNM 206532, 79.2 mm SL). B, E, Daector reticulata (UF 225055, 144.0 mm SL). C, Thalassophryne natteri (MZUSP 47262, 114.8 mm SL). D, F, Thalassophryne maculosa USNM 200558 (D, 36.1 mm SL; and F, 137.6 mm SL, CT scan). Abbreviations: dcr, distal caudal radial cartilage; dhy, dorsal hypural; ep, epural; hspu, haemal spine of preural vertebra; hyp, hypurapophysis-like process; nspu, neural spine of preural vertebra; phf, parhypural flange; phy, parhypural; pro, procurrent caudal-fin ray; pu, preural centrum; spr, spur; vhy, ventral hypural; u, ural centrum. Scale bars: 1 mm.	Figure 15. Caudal skeleton of the subfamily Thalassophryninae in lateral (A–D) and dorsolateral (E, F) views. A, Daector dowi (USNM 206532, 79.2 mm SL). B, E, Daector reticulata (UF 225055, 144.0 mm SL). C, Thalassophryne natteri (MZUSP 47262, 114.8 mm SL). D, F, Thalassophryne maculosa USNM 200558 (D, 36.1 mm SL; and F, 137.6 mm SL, CT scan). Abbreviations: dcr, distal caudal radial cartilage; dhy, dorsal hypural; ep, epural; hspu, haemal spine of preural vertebra; hyp, hypurapophysis-like process; nspu, neural spine of preural vertebra; phf, parhypural flange; phy, parhypural; pro, procurrent caudal-fin ray; pu, preural centrum; spr, spur; vhy, ventral hypural; u, ural centrum. Scale bars: 1 mm.	2020-05-31	Vaz, Diego F B;Hilton, Eric J		Zenodo	biologists	Vaz, Diego F B;Hilton, Eric J			
039C87B1FF841F6B9E37FEDD61DAFA7C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14857048/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14857048	Figure 16. Morphological variation in the caudal skeleton of Daector dowi (Thalassophryninae), in UF 226263 (A, B, D–F) and USNM 206532 (C). A, 43.1 mm SL. B, 47.9 mm SL. C, 59.7 mm SL. D, 60.0 mm SL. E, 84.0 mm SL. F, 89.6 mm SL. Abbreviations: dhy, dorsal hypural; ep, epural; hspu, haemal spine of preural vertebra; nspu, neural spine of preural vertebra; phf, parhypural flange; phy, parhypural; pro, procurrent caudal-fin ray; pu, preural centrum; spr, spur; vhy, ventral hypural; u, ural centrum. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.	Figure 16. Morphological variation in the caudal skeleton of Daector dowi (Thalassophryninae), in UF 226263 (A, B, D–F) and USNM 206532 (C). A, 43.1 mm SL. B, 47.9 mm SL. C, 59.7 mm SL. D, 60.0 mm SL. E, 84.0 mm SL. F, 89.6 mm SL. Abbreviations: dhy, dorsal hypural; ep, epural; hspu, haemal spine of preural vertebra; nspu, neural spine of preural vertebra; phf, parhypural flange; phy, parhypural; pro, procurrent caudal-fin ray; pu, preural centrum; spr, spur; vhy, ventral hypural; u, ural centrum. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.	2020-05-31	Vaz, Diego F B;Hilton, Eric J		Zenodo	biologists	Vaz, Diego F B;Hilton, Eric J			
039C87B1FF841F6B9E37FEDD61DAFA7C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14857050/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14857050	Figure 17. Caudal skeleton of Thalassophryne (Thalassophryninae). A, B, Thalassophryne natteri USNM 302333 (A, 69.4 mm SL) and (B, 113.0 mm SL). C–F, Thalassophryne maculosa USNM 200558 (C, 26.0 mm SL; F, 137.6 mm SL) and USNM 199524 (D, 64.4 mm SL; E, 84.2 mm SL). Abbreviations: dhy, dorsal hypural; ep, epural; hspu, haemal spine of preural vertebra; nspu, neural spine of preural vertebra; phf, parhypural flange; phy, parhypural; pro, procurrent caudal-fin ray; pu, preural centrum; vhy, ventral hypural; u, ural centrum. Scale bars: 1 mm.	Figure 17. Caudal skeleton of Thalassophryne (Thalassophryninae). A, B, Thalassophryne natteri USNM 302333 (A, 69.4 mm SL) and (B, 113.0 mm SL). C–F, Thalassophryne maculosa USNM 200558 (C, 26.0 mm SL; F, 137.6 mm SL) and USNM 199524 (D, 64.4 mm SL; E, 84.2 mm SL). Abbreviations: dhy, dorsal hypural; ep, epural; hspu, haemal spine of preural vertebra; nspu, neural spine of preural vertebra; phf, parhypural flange; phy, parhypural; pro, procurrent caudal-fin ray; pu, preural centrum; vhy, ventral hypural; u, ural centrum. Scale bars: 1 mm.	2020-05-31	Vaz, Diego F B;Hilton, Eric J		Zenodo	biologists	Vaz, Diego F B;Hilton, Eric J			
039C87B1FF841F6B9E37FEDD61DAFA7C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14857054/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14857054	Figure 18. Caudal skeleton of Thalassophryne amazonica (Thalassophryninae). A, ANSP 178103, 76.9 mm SL. B, ANSP 178103, 94.3 mm SL. *Posterior process projecting from the parhypural margin. Abbreviations: dhy, dorsal hypural; ep, epural; hspu, haemal spine of preural vertebra; nspu, neural spine of preural vertebra; phf, parhypural flange; phy, parhypural; pu, preural centrum; vhy, ventral hypural; u, ural centrum. Scale bars: 1 mm.	Figure 18. Caudal skeleton of Thalassophryne amazonica (Thalassophryninae). A, ANSP 178103, 76.9 mm SL. B, ANSP 178103, 94.3 mm SL. *Posterior process projecting from the parhypural margin. Abbreviations: dhy, dorsal hypural; ep, epural; hspu, haemal spine of preural vertebra; nspu, neural spine of preural vertebra; phf, parhypural flange; phy, parhypural; pu, preural centrum; vhy, ventral hypural; u, ural centrum. Scale bars: 1 mm.	2020-05-31	Vaz, Diego F B;Hilton, Eric J		Zenodo	biologists	Vaz, Diego F B;Hilton, Eric J			
