identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
7E0F551BA698A0CD2B46B6A4D71F1CAF.text	7E0F551BA698A0CD2B46B6A4D71F1CAF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Shuangheaphaenops	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Genus  Shuangheaphaenops gen. n.</p>
            <p>Type species.</p>
            <p> Shuangheaphaenops elegans sp. n. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Large sized blind beetles, fore body evidently elongated and as long as elytra, shape intermediate between  Uenotrechus and  Dongodytes species, presence of three pairs of supraorbital setae on head, two dorsal and preapical pores on elytra, the first and second protarsomeres in male distinctly modified. </p>
            <p>Generic characteristics.</p>
            <p> Highly modified aphaenopsian trechines, fore part (head and thorax) of the body somewhat similar to  Uenotrechus Deuve &amp; Tian, 1999, while hind part (elytra) to  Dongodytes Deuve, 1993; large sized, with body and appendages thin and very elongate, fore body almost as long as hind part; three pairs of supraorbital setiferous pores present on head, with the posterior two pairs very close to each other; mandibles thin and elongated, feebly curved apically, longer than width of head, right mandible edentate though two vanished teeth can be faintly traced; labial suture  moderately defined, separating of mentum and submentum, with the former bisetose and the latter 6-setose; mental tooth simple and thin, basal foveae quite narrow; antennae very long, the 10th and 11th antennomeres extending over apical margin of elytra. Prothorax dolioform, propleura distinctly tumid at basal half, evidently visible from above; pronotum barrel-shaped, distinctly elongated, longer than head excluding mandibles, narrower than head; without lateromarginal setae. Elytra similar to those of  Dongodytes (s. str.) Deuve, 1993, narrowed anteriorly and dilated posteriorly, side margins narrowly bordered throughout, shoulders lacking; striae lacking though easily traceable; presence of two dorsal and preapical setiferous pores; the 1st pore in the humeral group of the marginal umbilicate series not transversely and backwardly shifted, the 5th and 6th pores in the middle group widely spaced. Protibia smooth, without longitudinal sulcus; the 1st and 2nd protarsomeres in male dilated and inwardly spurred at apices. Abdominal ventrites sparsely pubescent, each of ventrites IV-VII in male bisetose apically. Male genitalia moderately sclerotized, small, strongly curved ventrally in lateral view, with a quite large sagittal aileron; apical lobe very thin in dorsal view; parameres well developed, but much shorter than median lobe. </p>
            <p>Discussion.</p>
            <p> Shuangheaphaenops can not be included in any lineage of the highly modified aphaenopsian genera known in southern China regarding to the peculiar morphological characteristics mentioned above, such as the peculiar facies and configuration of the body (which is more or less similar to  Uenotrechus Deuve &amp; Tian, 1999 in fore body, but to  Dongodytes Deuve, 1993 in elytra), vanished bidentate right mandible, and chaetotaxal patterns in which there are three pairs of supraorbital setiferous pores on head, lack of lateromarginal setae on pronotum, and unique pattern on elytral marginal umbilicate series, in particular, the humeral and middle groups. </p>
            <p> Apart from the similarity in elytra and antennae between  Shuangheaphaenops and  Dongodytes (s. str.) which occurs only in northern Guangxi where is far distant from Cave Shuanghe Dong in northern Guizhou, the following characteristics are different: (1) head subparallel-sided, with three pairs of supraorbital setiferous pores, right mandibular teeth bidentate but almost vanished in  Shuangheaphaenops (versus triangular shaped in general, presence of two pairs of supraorbital pores, and well-marked tridentate teeth on right mandible in  Dongodytes ); (2) the 1st and 2nd protarsomeres of male distinctly modified in  Shuangheaphaenops (indistinctly or not modified in  Dongodytes ); (3) pronotum much slender and lack of lateromarginal setae in  Shuangheaphaenops (versus stouter and presence of lateromarginal setae in  Dongodytes ); and (4) the middle group (the 5th and 6th pores) of the marginal unbilicate series on elytra widely spaced each other in  Shuangheaphaenops (versus close to each other in  Dongodytes ). </p>
            <p> The fore body of this new genus is more or less similar to that of  Uenotrechus Deuve &amp; Tian, 1999, but  Shuangheaphaenops has a slenderer head bearing three pairs of supraorbital setiferous pores, reduced bidentate teeth of right mandible, and much longer antennae (versus bearing two pairs of supraorbital setiferous pores, mandibular teeth well-defined and clearly tridentate, and shorter antennae in  Uenotrechus ), and pronotum without lateromarginal setae (versus with pair of lateromarginal setae in  Uenotrechus ). In addition, head and elytra are glabrous in  Shuangheaphaenops (versus  whole body densely pubescent in  Uenotrechus ), the 1st pore of the marginal umbilicate series is located before the 2nd in  Shuangheaphaenops (versus transversely shifted inwards and backwards, at level behind the 2nd pore in  Uenotrechus ), and both the 1st and 2nd protarsomeres in male are modified in  Shuangheaphaenops (versus not modified in  Uenotrechus ). </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>"Shuanghe + Aphaenops". To indicate that the highly modified trechine genus occurs in Shuanghe Dong, the longest cave system in China.</p>
            <p>Generic range.</p>
            <p>Guizhou (Suiyang) (Fig. 1).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7E0F551BA698A0CD2B46B6A4D71F1CAF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Tian, Mingyi	Tian, Mingyi (2017): A new highly cave-adapted trechine genus and species from northern Guizhou Province, China (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechinae). ZooKeys 643: 97-108, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.643.11050, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.643.11050
747E4CE0E7075BCD0DB84386F3E628F8.text	747E4CE0E7075BCD0DB84386F3E628F8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Shuangheaphaenops elegans	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Shuangheaphaenops elegans sp. n. Figs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 </p>
            <p>Holotype.</p>
            <p>Male, Cave Mahuang Dong, Shuanghe Dong cave system, Wenquan Zhen, Suiyang County, 28°14'32"N, 107°17'24"E, 720 m, X-18-2016, leg. Wenbo Li, deposited in the insect collection of South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China (SCAU); additional material: an elytral debris, same cave and collecting date as above, leg. Mingruo Tang, in SCAU.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>A large-sized, eyeless cave trechine beetle, highly modified in morphology, with very elongated and slender body which is about four times longer than wide, fore body about as long as elytra, antennae as long as body including mandibles, extending beyond elytral apex; body glabrous, except for basal half of pronotum which is covered with erected setae.</p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Length: 7.9 mm (from apex of right mandibles to elytral apex) or 7.2 mm (from labrum to elytra); width: 1.79 mm. Fore body (including mandibles) longer than elytra, (HLm+PrL)/EL = 1.07. Habitus as in Fig. 2.</p>
            <p>Yellowish brown, a little darker on head, pronotum and basal half of elytra, pale on antennae, mouthparts, palps and tarsi. Moderately shiny. Head and elytra glabrous, pronotum glabrous on apical half (but with two or three short setae near middle of frontal margin) but pubescent on basal half. Underside of head and prothorax glabrous (Fig. 3b), abdominal ventrites sparsely pubescent. Microsculptural engraved meshes more or less isodiametric on head and elytra, but transverse striate on pronotum.</p>
            <p> Head (Fig. 3a) elongate quadrate, much longer than wide (HLm/HW = 2.74, HLl/HW = 1.87); genae fairly developed, hardly dilated laterally, suddenly constricted posteriorly before occipital suture, making a well-marked but short neck constriction; subparallel-sided, widest at about middle from labrum to base of head; frons and vertex moderately convex, frontal furrows deep and well-marked, subparallel-sided, ended just behind the level of anterior supraorbital pores; clypeus transverse, 4-setose; labrum transverse, with frontal margin slightly protruding medially, 6-setose; anterior supraorbital setiferous pores located at about middle from frontal margin of labrum to base of head, while the posterior two pairs (which are very close to each other) at about 1/4 of head from base; palps long, slender and glabrous except for the 2nd labial palpomere  which is bisetose on inner margin; the 2nd labial palpomere 1.35 times longer than the 3rd; the 3rd maxillary palpomere 1.25 times longer than the 4th; suborbital pores at about middle from base to labial suture. Antennae thin and long, the 1st antennomere stouter than other, and the shortest, the 3rd the longest; the comparative length ratio of each antennomeres as: the 1st (8.5), 2nd (11.0), 3rd (18.0), 4th (17.0), 5th (17.0), 6th (16.5), 7th (13.5), 8th (11.0), 9th (11.0), 10th (10.0) and 11th (10.5). </p>
            <p>Prothorax shorter than head including mandibles (PrL/HLm = 0.80), but longer than head excluding mandibles (PrL/HLl = 1.17), widest at about 1/4 from base, twice as long as wide (PrL/PrW = 2.10), slightly wider than head (PrW/HW = 1.09), evidently wider than pronotum (PrW/PnW = 1.22), half as wide as elytra (PrW/EW = 0.49). Pronotum elongate, dolioform, two and half times longer than wide (PnL/PnW = 2.46), evidently narrower than head (PnW/HW = 0.89), base slightly wider than front (PbW/PfW = 1.09); lateral sides finely bordered throughout, base and front unbordered; nearly parallel-sided, fairly expanded at the widest part which is at about 3/7 from base, slightly sinuate before hind angles which are nearly rectangular, fore angle obtuse; median line well-marked, basal transversal impression very short; front slightly convex, base feebly concave. Scutellum fairly small.</p>
            <p> Elytra (Fig. 4) elongate ovate, much longer than pronotum (EL/PnL = 2.12), about twice as long as wide (EL/EW = 2.08); distinctly dilated posteriorly, widest at about apical 3/7 of elytra, lateral sides smooth, not ciliate, finely bordered throughout; distinctly convex; striae easily traceable though devoid, intervals moderately convex. Chaetotaxy: basal pore at subequal distant from scutellum to marginal gutter; two dorsal setiferous pores present on the 3rd stria at about 1/3 and 2/3 from base respectively; the preapical pore closer to suture than to apical margin; the marginal umbilicate pores not aggregated, the 8th pore near marginal gutter, the 4th and 5th pores distant from the gutter, others intermediary located; the humeral groups separately spaced, the 1st and  4 th pores distant from the 2nd and 3rd pores respectively which are close to each other, distance from the 1st pore to the 3rd slightly shorter than that from the 2nd to 4th; the middle group widely spaced, making distance of the 5th pore and 4th subequal to that of the 5th and 6th; apical group composed of three pores. </p>
            <p> Legs thin and long, bearing short pubescence; fore- and middle femora sparsely setose; fore tibia smooth, without longitudinal furrow or sulcus; the 1st tarsomere shorter than, as long as, and longer than the 2  nd– 4th tarsomeres together in fore, middle, and hind legs, respectively. </p>
            <p> Male genitalia (Fig. 5): Aedeagus moderately sclerotized, quite small and short; distinctly curved at about basal 1/3 in lateral view, feebly curved toward subapex, then broadly ended at apex; inner sac armed with a fairly large copulatory piece which is about 1/4 as long as the median lobe; base moderately sized, opened ventrally; in dorsal view the apical part of aedeagus thin, slightly sinuate from middle to apex, apical lobe narrow, much longer than wide, gradually constricted towards the rounded apex. Parameres short and quite stout, right and left parameres bearing five and four long apical setae respectively. </p>
            <p> Etymology . </p>
            <p>To indicate the slender shape of this beautiful aphaenopsian beetle.</p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>China (Guizhou: Suiyang) (Fig. 1). Known only from Cave Mahuang Dong, the type locality.</p>
            <p> Mahuang Dong (Figs 6a, b) is one of the most important caves in Shuanghe Dong cave system (Li et al. 2008). It is opened along the main road of the Shuanghe Dong National Geopark on north, and is about 1.2 km long. The beautiful beetle, together with the elytral debris, were collected in a small chamber of the labyrinthic part at about 100 m from the entrance. Other cave animals found also in Mahuang Dong were the semi-aphaenopsian beetle  Qianotrechus tenuicollis Ueno, 1998, an amphipod, a cave cricket (Figs 6c-f), a pseudoscorpion and two millipedes. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/747E4CE0E7075BCD0DB84386F3E628F8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Tian, Mingyi	Tian, Mingyi (2017): A new highly cave-adapted trechine genus and species from northern Guizhou Province, China (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechinae). ZooKeys 643: 97-108, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.643.11050, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.643.11050
