identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
039C3F795C27FFF184DDFF589920FCF4.text	039C3F795C27FFF184DDFF589920FCF4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Acerocnema Becker 1894	<div><p>Genus Acerocnema Becker, 1894</p><p>Acerocnema Becker, 1894: 154 .</p><p>Type species, Cordylura breviseta Zetterstedt (original designation).</p><p>Pachystyla Lioy, 1864: 1005 .</p><p>Type species, Cordylura macrocera Meigen (original designation). Preoccupied by Pachystyla Mörch, 1852 (Mollusca).</p><p>Diagnosis. Small-bodied flies around 3.0–6.0 mm in length; arista bare or short pubescent, not exceeding the maximum length of the postpedicel in male; palpus basally slender and spatula-shaped apically, without strong apical or subapical seta; proboscis slender with reduced labella; setae whitish yellow or black on head and body; thorax yellow to black and shiny, covered with microtrichia; proepisternum covered with setulae at middle or in anterior part; anepisternum covered with setulae along dorsal margin and on posterior part only, without setulae posterior to anterior spiracle; katepisternum with one strong seta on posterodorsal corner; scutellum with strong setae; vein R 1 usually bare or with setulae on apical portion; CuA+CuP not reaching wing margin; legs slender without black or strong setae; abdomen with fine setae over surface; male sternite V usually strongly bilobate posteriorly, surstylus slender and flattened with various shapes, sometimes enlarged apically; cerci well developed and divided with multiple sections; female abdomen segments beyond VI compressed; ovipositor short, strongly sclerotized.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039C3F795C27FFF184DDFF589920FCF4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Han, Sangjin;Shin, Seunggwan	Han, Sangjin, Shin, Seunggwan (2025): First records of the genus Acerocnema Becker (Diptera: Scathophagidae) from South Korea, with a new species and a newly recorded species using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 5653 (3): 440-450, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5653.3.9, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5653.3.9
039C3F795C27FFF784DDFCD09EF2F854.text	039C3F795C27FFF784DDFCD09EF2F854.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Acerocnema flavifrons Iwasa 2014	<div><p>Acerocnema flavifrons Iwasa, 2014</p><p>(Figs 1C, F, H; 2E–H)</p><p>Acerocnema flavirons Iwasa, 2014: 178 . Type locality: Nakasatsunai, Tokachi, Hokkaido (Japan).</p><p>Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished from congeneric species by the following characters: yellow gena and postgena, well-developed vibrissal angle, black postpedicel, yellow palpus, thorax with microtrichia, scutum with partially large shiny spots between pre- and postsutural dorsocentral and supra-alar lines, yellow legs, male sternite 5 strongly bilobate, very slightly enlarged apically, lobes yellowish white, with whitish setulae over surface but more abundant along inner margin of lobes, and surstylus long and slender not enlarged apically.</p><p>Redescription. Male. Face and parafacial yellow; gena and postgena yellow with yellowish white setulae, genal width about one third of vertical diameter of eye. Frontal vitta matt, orangish yellow transitioning to black toward ocellar triangle, pale yellow apically. Fronto-orbital plate and ocellar triangle shiny black; occiput shiny black with yellowish white setulae. Fronto-orbital plate with 3–4 inclinate frontal setae, 3 proclinate orbital setae, 1 pair of proclinate orbital setae, 1 pair of short divergent postocellar setae, 1 long stout inner vertical seta and outer vertical seta absent, as long as postocular setae. Well-developed vibrissal angle with 1 strong vibrissa with 2 short supravibrissal setae and 1 strong subvibrissal setae, all yellow. Antenna with postpedicel black, apically rounded, covered with very fine microtrichia, approximately as long as length of arista; scape and pedicel blackish brown; arista yellow on basal half, black and thinner on apical half, short pubescent apically. Palpus yellow, long, spatulate in ventral view with white hairs over surface; proboscis slender, somewhat stout on basal part, with reduced labella with whitish yellow setulae.</p><p>Thorax (Fig. 1F). Black with an overall shiny surface, but largely obscured by white microtrichia and all setae yellowish white; scutum covered with white microtrichia and white setulae, partially with two pairs of large shiny spots between pre- and postsutural dorsocentral and supra-alar lines (Fig. 1H); acrostichal setae in 2–4 rows, shorter and finer than dorsocentrals; 1–2 presutural and 3 postsutural dorsocentral setae; 2 postpronotal seta; 0 presutural intra-alar setae; 1 presutural supra-alar; 2 notopleural setae; 0 postsutural intra-alar setae; 2 postsutural supra-alar setae; 2 postalar seta; 1 pair of strong basal scutellar setae and 1 pair of convergent strong apical scutellar setae. Anterior margin of presutural dorsocentral lines with 3 erect white setulae. Pleura shiny black, covered with microtrichia except half of dorsal and posterior parts of anepisternum and anepimeron. Proepisternum with 2 whitish yellow proepisternal setae, covered with setulae. Proepimeron with 1 long seta. Anepisternum covered with setulae in posterior half, with 2 long posterior setae. Katepisternum with one strong posterodorsal seta and setulae ventrally. Anepimeron bare.</p><p>Wing. Clear, R 1 bare apically on dorsal surface. Calypters whitish with yellowish fine marginal. Halter yellowish.</p><p>Legs. Entirely setose. Fore and mid coxae yellow, hind coxae brownish black; femora yellow; tibiae yellow; tarsi yellow, darkened apically from hind tarsomere 3. Setae pale yellow but black on tarsi. Fore femur with dense dorsal hairs. Fore tibia with 1 apical dorsal seta, 1 apical anterodorsal seta, 1 anterodorsal seta on apical 1/2. Mid tibia with 2 anterodorsal setae on apical 1/3 and 2/3, 1 preapical dorsal seta, 1 anteroventral seta on apical 1/3, 1 apical anteroventral seta, 1 apical posterodorsal seta, 1 apical anteroventral seta, 1 apical posterior seta, 1 apical posterodorsal seta. Hind tibia with longer hairs than fore and mid tibiae, difficult to differentiate setae from hairs, with row of 5–6 anterodorsal setae, a row of 6–7 posterodorsal setae, 1 subapical dorsal seta, 1 anterodorsal apical seta.</p><p>Abdomen. Shiny black covered with pale setulae over surface. Abdominal sternites shiny black. Sternite 5 strongly bilobate (Fig. 2E), rounded and very slightly expanded apically; lobes yellowish white, with whitish setulae over surface, more abundant along inner margin of lobes.</p><p>Terminalia (Fig. 2F–H). Epandrium shiny black, with long dense setae. Surstylus pale yellow, slender, parallel-sided, not enlarged apically; blackish apically, with setulae and long scattered setae along inner margin, with blackish sclerotized pointy structure on basal part in posterior view. Cercus pale yellow, comprising two sclerotized sections; dorsal section blackish and somewhat parallelogrammatic in posterior view, with long dense stout setae over surface; ventral section long and tweezer-shaped in posterior view, broad in middle and narrower apically in lateral view, with dense setulae from middle to subapical inner surface and black at apex. Pregonite as wide as postgonite in lateral view, severely crooked ventroapically, dense hairs over surface from beginning of bend. Postgonite long and slender, bare and slightly spatulate apically. Epiphallus as slim and long as pregonite. Phallapodeme enlarged, somewhat arched and round ventrally, not digitiform. Hypandrium distinctively arched ventroapically, much thicker and stouter than that of A. saurischia sp. nov.</p><p>Material examined (1 ♂). Republic of KOREA: [GW] 1 ♂, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=128.33652&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.24089" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 128.33652/lat 38.24089)">Gangwon-do</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=128.33652&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.24089" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 128.33652/lat 38.24089)">Yongdae National Recreational Forest</a>, Buk-myeon, Inje-gun, 38°14’27.2”N 128°20’11.5”E, malaise 22.IV–23.III.2023, Han S., Shin S., SNUE02400 (SNUE) .</p><p>Distribution. Republic of Korea (new record), Japan (Hokkaido).</p><p>Ecology. Adults have been collected from a flower community of Corydalis ambigua in early spring (Iwasa 2014).</p><p>Remarks. There are inconsistencies in the publication year of A. flavifrons across several papers (Chagnon &amp; Sinclair 2021; Ozerov 2018; Iwasa 2021; Bernasconi &amp; Šifner 2021), where the year is cited as either 2013 or 2014. Although the original description was intended for publication in 2013, the second issue of Vol. 20 was not printed until 24 September 2014 (stated at the end of the article on page 183). We have confirmed with Dr. M. Iwasa that the actual publication date was 2014. Thus, the correct publication year is 2014, as the actual year of publication takes and therefore, the correct citation is A. flavifrons Iwasa, 2014 .</p><p>In the original description, A. flavifrons is noted as having black frontal and orbital setae, as well as black outer vertical setae. However, the examined specimen in this study has yellow frontal and orbital setae and lacks outer vertical setae, in contrast to the original description. Given that both this study and the original description are based on a single male specimen, further specimens are required to assess whether these differences represent intraspecific variation or potential taxonomic significance.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039C3F795C27FFF784DDFCD09EF2F854	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Han, Sangjin;Shin, Seunggwan	Han, Sangjin, Shin, Seunggwan (2025): First records of the genus Acerocnema Becker (Diptera: Scathophagidae) from South Korea, with a new species and a newly recorded species using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 5653 (3): 440-450, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5653.3.9, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5653.3.9
039C3F795C20FFF484DDFF109DA9FE78.text	039C3F795C20FFF484DDFF109DA9FE78.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Acerocnema saurischia Han & Shin 2025	<div><p>Acerocnema saurischia sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 1A–B, D–E, G; 2A–D; 3)</p><p>Type material examined. HOLOTYPE ♂ Republic of Korea: [GG]: Gyeonggi-do, Mt. Taehwasan, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.30923&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.312027" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.30923/lat 37.312027)">Docheokmyeon</a>, 37°18’43.3”N 127°18’33.2”E, malaise 20.IV–22.III.2023, Han S., Shin S., SNUE02361 (SNUE) . PARATYPES (1♂, 34♀♀), 1♂, [GW]: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=128.02766&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.251" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 128.02766/lat 37.251)">Gangwon-do</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=128.02766&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.251" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 128.02766/lat 37.251)">Mt. Chiaksan</a>, Panbu-myeon, Wonju-si, 37°15’03.6”N 128°01’39.6”E,malaise 14. V –30.III.2022, Han S., Shin S., SNUE00760 (SNUE) , 7♀♀,ditto as holotype SNUE02360, SNUE02362, SNUE02363, SNUE02364, SNUE02365, SNUE02366, SNUE02367 (SNUE), 2♀♀, ditto but 31. V – 20.IV.2023, SNUE02357, SNUE02358 (SNUE), 1♀, ditto but 10. V –30.III.2022, SNUE01554 (SNUE), 4♀♀, ditto but 15.IV–2.IV.2021, SNUE00041, SNUE00747, SNUE00748, SNUE00749 (SNUE, but SNUE00749 deposited in HNIBR), 1♀, [GW]: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=128.33652&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.24089" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 128.33652/lat 38.24089)">Gangwon-do</a>, Yongdae Natural Recreational Forest, Buk-myeon, Inje-gun, 38°14’27.2”N 128°20’11.5”E, malaise 22.IV–23.III.2023, Han S., Shin S., SNUE02401 (SNUE) , 19♀♀, ditto as holotype but 18–4.IV.2024, SNUE02860, SNUE02861, SNUE02862, SNUE02863, SNUE02864, SNUE02865, SNUE02866, SNUE02867, SNUE02868, SNUE02869, SNUE02870, SNUE02871, SNUE02872, SNUE02873, SNUE02874, SNUE02875, SNUE02876, SNUE02877, SNUE02878 (SNUE) .</p><p>Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished from congeneric species by the following characters: yellow gena and postgena, well-developed vibrissal angle, black postpedicel, yellow palpus, thorax with microtrichia, scutum with small shiny spots on both pre- and postsutural intra-alar lines, vein R 1 without dorsal setulae, yellow legs, and male surstylus extended and enlarged apically.</p><p>Description. Male. Body primary color shiny black; pleura shiny black; scutum shiny black; entire body pruinose except for scutellum and abdomen (Fig. 1A–B, D–E). All setae yellowish white.</p><p>Head. Face and parafacial yellow transitioning to black toward apex; gena and postgena yellow with yellowish white setulae, genal width about one third of vertical diameter of eye. Frontal vitta matt, orangish yellow, yellowish white apically. Fronto-orbital plate and ocellar triangle shiny black; occiput shiny black with yellowish white setulae. Fronto-orbital plate with 4–5 inclinate frontal setae, 3 lateroclinate orbital setae, 1 pair of lateroclinate orbital setae, 1 pair of short divergent postocellar setae, 1 long inclinate inner vertical seta and 1 short lateroclinate outer vertical seta. Well-developed vibrissal angle with 1 strong vibrissa with 2 short supravibrissal setae and 1 strong subvibrissal setae, all yellow. Antenna with postpedicel black, bean-shaped, covered with very fine microtrichia, approximately as long as the length of arista; scape and pedicel blackish brown; arista yellow on basal half and black and thinner on apical half, short pubescent apically. Palpus yellow, long, almost filiform, slender on basal half and slightly dilated on apical half with white hairs over surface; proboscis slender, somewhat stout on the basal part, with reduced labella with whitish yellow setulae.</p><p>Thorax (Fig. 1D–E). Black with an overall shiny surface, but largely obscured by white microtrichia and all setae yellowish white; scutum covered with white microtrichia and white setulae, partially with two pairs of small round shiny spots along pre- and postsutural intra-alar lines (Fig. 1G); acrostichal setae in 2–5 rows, shorter and finer than dorsocentrals; 1–2 presutural and 3–4 postsutural dorsocentral setae; 1 postpronotal seta; 0 presutural intra-alar setae; 1 presutural supra-alar; 2 notopleural setae; 0 postsutural intra-alar setae; 2 postsutural supra-alar setae; 2 postalar seta; 1 pair of strong basal scutellar setae and 1 pair of strong convergent apical scutellar setae. Anterior margin of presutural dorsocentral lines with 3 erect white setulae. Pleura shiny black, covered with microtrichia except dorsal half of anepisternum and anepimeron. Proepisternum with 2 whitish yellow proepisternal setae, covered with setulae. Proepimeron with 1 long seta. Anepisternum covered with setulae in posterior half, with 2 long posterior setae. Katepisternum with one strong posterodorsal seta and setulae ventrally. Anepimeron bare. Thoracic spiracles with short yellow hairs.</p><p>Wing. Clear, R 1 bare apically on dorsal surface. Calypters whitish with yellowish fine marginal hairs. Halter yellowish.</p><p>Legs. Entirely setose. Fore and mid coxae yellow, hind coxae brownish black; femora yellow; tibiae yellow; tarsi yellow, darkened apically from hind tarsomere 3. Setae pale yellow but black on tarsi. Fore femur with dense dorsal hairs. Fore tibia with 1 apical dorsal seta, 1 apical anterodorsal seta, 1–2 anterodorsal seta on apical 1/3. Mid tibia with 1 anterior seta on apical 1/5, 1 preapical dorsal seta, 1 apical anterodorsal seta, 1 apical anterodorsal seta, 1 anterodorsal seta on apical 1/3, 1 preapical posterior seta. Hind tibia with 1 preapical dorsal seta, 1 anteroventral seta on apical 1/4, 1 apical ventral seta, 1 apical anterodorsal seta, 2 anterodorsal seta on apical 2/5 and 3/5, 1 apical posterodorsal seta, 2 posterodorsal seta on apical 2/3 and 1/2.</p><p>Abdomen. Shiny black covered with pale setulae over surface. Abdominal sternite shiny black. Sternite 5 Ushaped (Fig. 2A), pale yellow, lobes sharply triangular, divergent; lobes with stout, scattered pale white setae over surface.</p><p>Terminalia (Fig. 2B–D). Epandrium shiny black, with long dense setae. Surstylus pale yellow, slender, and extended, ladle-shaped on lateral view, prominently enlarged and blackish in apical part, with setulae along inner margin and scattered setae at inner apex. Cercus pale yellow, comprising two sclerotized sections; dorsal section somewhat triangular on posterior view, with dense long, stout setae over surface; ventral section slender, extended in posterior view, broad in middle and narrower apically in lateral view, with dense setulae from apical 1/3 to subapical inner surface and black at apex. Pregonite wider than postgonite in lateral view, severely crooked ventroapically, dense hairs over surface from beginning of bend. Postgonite long and slender, bare and slightly crooked ventroapically. Epiphallus slimmer and slightly shorter than pregonite. Phallapodeme enlarged, fan-shaped, not digitiform. Hypandrium slightly arched apically, not thicker and stouter than that of A. flavifrons .</p><p>Female. Parafacial yellow; postpedicel very slightly slenderer than male; abdominal segments (tergites and sternites) VII to VIII compressed, triangle-shaped in lateral view and sternite VIII strongly sclerotized, indented in the apical tip (Fig. 3).</p><p>Distribution. Republic of Korea (new record)</p><p>Etymology: The species name is derived from the Greek words “sauros” (lizard) and “ischion” (hip joint), referencing the resemblance of the male terminalia shape, in lateral view, to a saurischian dinosaur hip joint.</p><p>Remarks. This new species is similar to A. kishimotoae Iwasa, but differs by its yellow postgena (dark brown in A. kishimotoae), entirely yellow palpus (apically brown in A. kishimotoae), ladle-shaped surstylus (club-shaped in A. kishimotoae (Iwasa 2014, figs 2–3)). In Ozerov &amp; Krivosheina (2018), A. saurischia sp. nov. keys to A. paradoxopyga Stackelberg, but differs by its shiny scutellum (grey dusted in A. paradoxopyga) and yellow legs (hind femur black, fore and mid femora black at least on basal half in A. paradoxopyga).</p><p>Bionomics. Adults were collected by Malaise traps surrounded by a flower community of Corydalis from March to April (Fig 4A–C).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039C3F795C20FFF484DDFF109DA9FE78	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Han, Sangjin;Shin, Seunggwan	Han, Sangjin, Shin, Seunggwan (2025): First records of the genus Acerocnema Becker (Diptera: Scathophagidae) from South Korea, with a new species and a newly recorded species using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 5653 (3): 440-450, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5653.3.9, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5653.3.9
039C3F795C22FFF484DDFE5C99FAFCF3.text	039C3F795C22FFF484DDFE5C99FAFCF3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Acerocnema Becker 1894	<div><p>Key to the species of Korean Acerocnema</p><p>1 Scutum with two pairs of partial small round shiny spots along pre- and postsutural intra-alar lines (Fig 1G); sternite 5 Ushaped, lobes sharply triangular (Fig 2A); surstylus ladle-shaped in lateral view, apically enlarged and blackish (Fig 2B); dorsal section of cercus triangular in posterior view, ventral section of cercus slender and extended in posterior view (Fig 2C); hypandrium slightly arched apically not prominently developed (Fig 2B)........................ A. saurischia sp. nov.</p><p>- Scutum with two pairs of large shiny spots between pre- and postsutural dorsocentral and supra-alar lines (Fig 1H); sternite 5 strongly bilobate, lobes rounded apically (Fig 2E); surstylus slender, parallel-sided, not tapered or enlarged apically (Fig 2F); dorsal section of cercus somewhat parallelogrammatic in posterior view, ventral section of cercus long and tweezer-shaped in posterior view (Fig 2G); hypandrium distinctively arched ventroapically and thick and stout (Fig 2F).... A. flavifrons (Iwasa)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039C3F795C22FFF484DDFE5C99FAFCF3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Han, Sangjin;Shin, Seunggwan	Han, Sangjin, Shin, Seunggwan (2025): First records of the genus Acerocnema Becker (Diptera: Scathophagidae) from South Korea, with a new species and a newly recorded species using DNA barcodes. Zootaxa 5653 (3): 440-450, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5653.3.9, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5653.3.9
