identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
039DBD0D7850FFACFF28FB62FDECF99A.text	039DBD0D7850FFACFF28FB62FDECF99A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amphianthidae Hertwig 1882	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Amphianthidae Hertwig, 1882</p>
            <p> Diagnosis (adapted from Rodríguez et al. 2012, modifications on bold):  Enthemonae with basilar muscles and mesogleal marginal sphincter. Pedal disc broad, usually elongated in the transverse plane, often grasping. Column commonly with thick mesoglea, smooth or with small mesogleal papillae distally arranged in longitudinal rows. Cinclides absent or very rare (1–3), distally over the directives endocoels, with the external opening mounted on a papilla. Tentacles usually marginal on wide oral disc, their aboral sides sometimes thickened. Oral disc sometimes lobed. Mesenteries not divisible into macro- and micro-cnemes. At least six pairs of perfect and fertile mesenteries. Retractor muscles diffuse, weak. Longitudinal muscles of the tentacles ectodermal. Acontia highly reduced, being absent in many preserved specimens, when present with only basitrichs. Cnidom: spirocysts, basitrichs, pmastigophores B1, and holotrichs. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039DBD0D7850FFACFF28FB62FDECF99A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Targino, Alessandra K. G.;De Melo, Yago A.;Gomes, Paula B.	Targino, Alessandra K. G., De Melo, Yago A., Gomes, Paula B. (2025): Deep-sea anemones (Cnidaria, Actiniaria) from off the northeastern coast of Brazil: new records and description of Stephanauge prima sp. nov. Zootaxa 5569 (2): 328-344, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5569.2.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5569.2.6
039DBD0D7850FFADFF28F9B6FE9DFEF9.text	039DBD0D7850FFADFF28F9B6FE9DFEF9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stephanauge Verrill 1899	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Genus  Stephanauge Verrill, 1899</p>
            <p> Diagnosis (adapted from Carlgren 1949, modifications on bold):  Amphianthidae with well-developed base often elongate in the transversal axis, often attached to gorgonians, sponges or worm-tubes. Column rather low, smooth or with longitudinal rows of mesogleal papillae in its distal part. Cinclides, if present, few, occurring only over the directive chambers. Sphincter well developed, mesogleal. Tentacles possibly more numerous than the mesenteries at the base or the same number; fairly short, with or without mesogleal thickenings at the base on their outer sides. Longitudinal muscles of tentacles ectodermal. Radial muscles of oral disc ectodermal to ecto-mesogleal. Two distinct siphonoglyphs. Perfect pairs of mesenteries 6–12. Retractors and parietobasilar muscles weak. Gonads on all stronger mesenteries except possibly the directives. Acontia few or perhaps sometimes absent. Cnidom: spirocysts, basitrichs, p -mastigophores B1. </p>
            <p> Type species:  Actinia abyssicola Moseley, 1877</p>
            <p> Valid species:  Stephanauge abyssicola (Moseley, 1877) ;  S. acanellae (Verrill, 1883) ;  S. annularis Carlgren, 1936 ;  S. bulbosa Carlgren, 1928 ;  S. hyalonematis (McMurrich, 1893) ;  S. impedita (Gravier, 1918) ;  S. inornata (Gravier, 1918) ;  S. nexilis (Verrill, 1883) ;  S. ovata (Wassilieff, 1908) ;  S. spongicola (Verrill, 1883) ;  S. tuberculata (Hertwig, 1882) . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039DBD0D7850FFADFF28F9B6FE9DFEF9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Targino, Alessandra K. G.;De Melo, Yago A.;Gomes, Paula B.	Targino, Alessandra K. G., De Melo, Yago A., Gomes, Paula B. (2025): Deep-sea anemones (Cnidaria, Actiniaria) from off the northeastern coast of Brazil: new records and description of Stephanauge prima sp. nov. Zootaxa 5569 (2): 328-344, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5569.2.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5569.2.6
039DBD0D7851FFA9FF28F972FEA0FE69.text	039DBD0D7851FFA9FF28F972FEA0FE69.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stephanauge prima Targino & De Melo & Gomes 2025	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Stephanauge prima sp. nov.</p>
            <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 88789488-9677-45D4-A0E9-007C3FF79A3A</p>
            <p>(Figs. 2, 3; Tables 1, 2)</p>
            <p>
                 MATERIAL EXAMINED.   Holotype: MNRJ 9080 (one specimen),  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -36.737778/lat -4.355833)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-36.737778&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.355833">South Atlantic Ocean</a>
                 ,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -36.737778/lat -4.355833)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-36.737778&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.355833">Potiguar Basin</a>
                 , Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -36.737778/lat -4.355833)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-36.737778&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.355833">station MT83</a>
                 (04° 28' 21'' S, 36° 24' 45'' W), May 4, 2011, 1950 m.   Paratypes: MNRJ 9078 (one specimen),  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -36.737778/lat -4.355833)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-36.737778&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.355833">South Atlantic Ocean</a>
                 ,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -36.737778/lat -4.355833)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-36.737778&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.355833">Potiguar Basin</a>
                 , Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -36.737778/lat -4.355833)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-36.737778&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.355833">station MT83-2</a>
                 (04° 27' 01'' S, 36° 25' 36'' W), May 21, 2011, 2123 m.   MNRJ 9091 (one specimen),  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -36.737778/lat -4.355833)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-36.737778&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.355833">South Atlantic Ocean</a>
                 , Potiguar Basin, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -36.737778/lat -4.355833)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-36.737778&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.355833">station MT84</a>
                 (04° 25' 49'' S, 36° 37' 22'' W), May 6, 2011, 1964 m.   MOUFPE-CNI 875 (one specimen),  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -36.737778/lat -4.355833)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-36.737778&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.355833">South Atlantic Ocean</a>
                 ,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -36.737778/lat -4.355833)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-36.737778&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.355833">Potiguar Basin</a>
                 , Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -36.737778/lat -4.355833)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-36.737778&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.355833">station MT84</a>
                 (04° 25' 49'' S, 36° 37' 22'' W), May 6, 2011, 1964 m.   LC 153 (one specimen attached on  Diacria sp. ), South Atlantic Ocean, Potiguar Basin, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -36.737778/lat -4.355833)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-36.737778&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.355833">station MT85</a>
                 (04° 21' 21'' S, 36° 44' 16'' W), May 6, 2011, 2057 m. 
            </p>
            <p>DIAGNOSIS</p>
            <p>Body short, cylindrical, with wide, grasping base. Tubercles in 24 longitudinal rows at distal scapus. Tentacles 96, in four cycles. Number of tentacles is the same as number of mesenteries at base. Mesenteries of first three cycles perfect, except the directives. Acontia mostly inconspicuous, may be absent in some individuals.</p>
            <p>DESCRIPTION</p>
            <p>EXTERNAL MORPHOLOGY. In preservation, body cylindrical, short, 90-150 mm in height (100 mm in holotype) and 80-250 mm in diameter (250 mm in holotype). Color pale orange to pale pink/purple in preserved specimens. Base wide, variable in shape: circular in outline or more oval when grasping shells or rocks (Fig. 2A). Column divisible into scapus and scapulus. Mesoglea thick (Fig. 2B). Distal portion of scapus with distinct tubercles arranged in 24 longitudinal rows, 3 or 4 per row. Longitudinal ridges between each tubercule row, 12 in total (Fig. 2C). Proximal part with weak remains of brownish cuticle, soft depressions and reduced tubercules. All tubercules dome-shaped, varying only in size with smaller tubercles proximally. Scapulus concealed by retraction of oral disc. Two cinclides distally, on opposite sides of column, on mesogleal papillae above directive endocoels (Fig. 2C). Oral disc with central oval mouth, two visible siphonoglyphs (Fig. 2B). Tentacles smooth, short and filiform, some with thickening at base (Fig. 2F), 96 in total and arranged in 4-5 cycles (Fig. 2H).</p>
            <p>INTERNAL ANATOMY. Two siphonoglyphs, each attached to a directive pair of mesenteries. Sphincter mesogleal, strong, alveolar, nearer endoderm than ectoderm, occupying most of mesoglea proximal to oral disc (Fig. 2E). Longitudinal muscles of tentacles ectodermal. Mesenteries slender, visible as rows through column. On holotype, four cycles of mesenteries hexamerously arranged 6+6+12+24, total of 48 pairs (Fig. 2D) near base; and 48 mesenteries near mouth (Fig. 2H). First cycle perfect. Mesenterial arrangement constant among examined individuals. All cycles well-developed with exception of last cycle (Fig. 2I), with mesenteries shorter, barely breaking through the mesoglea, and some with tiny mesenterial filaments. Mesenterial filaments more developed on older mesenteries. Retractors diffuse, often weak, stronger near the mesenterial base (Fig. 2G). Parietobasilar muscles poorly developed. Gametogenic tissue present in the first three cycles of mesenteries except directives. Acontia inconspicuous and poorly developed.</p>
            <p>CNIDOM. Spirocysts, basitrichs, and microbasic p -mastigophores B1 (Fig. 3, Table 2).</p>
            <p> TYPE LOCALITY.  Potiguar Basin , Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. </p>
            <p> BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS. Sediment found on the stations ranged from rocks to mud. Paratype LC 153 attached to snails of the genus  Diacria . Some of the paratypes were attached to rocks, with small fragments of rocks and broken shells attached to the pedal disc. </p>
            <p> ETYMOLOGY. From latin  “prima ” = the first, so named because this is the first species of the genus recorded on the South Atlantic and in the XXI century. </p>
            <p> REMARKS/COMPARISON. Of the 11 valid species within the genus  Stephanauge , seven are reported in the Atlantic Ocean (Table 1).  Stephanauge prima sp. nov. possesses a unique set of characters that differentiates it from its counterparts in this region.  Stephanauge prima sp. nov. primarily differs from  S. nexilis and  S. abyssicola in possessing more tentacles and mesenteries and bearing no gametogenic tissue on the younger cycle of mesenteries (only mesenteries of first cycle are fertile in  S. nexilis ; only mesenteries of first cycle are sterile in  S. abyssicola ).  Stephanauge inornata , and  S. spongicola also have fewer tentacles (60 in  S. inornata vs. maximum of 80 in  S. spongicola vs. 96 in  S. prima sp. nov. ) and neither has tubercles on the distal part of the column.  Stephanauge prima sp. nov. can be distinguished from  S. annularis , because the latter has a smooth column and all cycles of mesenteries fertile, except the directive ones (vs. a tuberculated column and the directives and fourth cycle of mesenteries sterile in  S. prima sp. nov. ).  Stephanauge impedita has similar morphological features to  S. prima sp. nov. , but has fewer cycles of tentacles (3 vs. 4 in  S. prima sp. nov. ) and longer tentacles in the outer vs inner cycle, and lacks acontia. The remaining species,  S. acanellae , found on  Acanella sp. branches, has more numerous tentacles (140 vs. 96 in  S. prima sp. nov. ) and cycles of mesenteries (5 vs. 4 in  S. prima sp. nov. ), and has no tubercles on the column and no trace of acontia. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039DBD0D7851FFA9FF28F972FEA0FE69	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Targino, Alessandra K. G.;De Melo, Yago A.;Gomes, Paula B.	Targino, Alessandra K. G., De Melo, Yago A., Gomes, Paula B. (2025): Deep-sea anemones (Cnidaria, Actiniaria) from off the northeastern coast of Brazil: new records and description of Stephanauge prima sp. nov. Zootaxa 5569 (2): 328-344, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5569.2.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5569.2.6
039DBD0D7855FFA6FF28FC34FB63FF41.text	039DBD0D7855FFA6FF28FC34FB63FF41.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amphianthus bathybium Hertwig 1882	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Amphianthus bathybium Hertwig, 1882</p>
            <p>(Fig. 4; Table 3)</p>
            <p>
                 MATERIAL EXAMINED.   MNRJ 9077 (two specimens), South Atlantic Ocean, Potiguar Basin,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -36.737885/lat -4.3559666)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-36.737885&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.3559666">Rio Grande do Norte</a>
                 , Brazil, station MT72 (04° 40.1817’S, 036° 23.8647’W), May 7, 2011, 908 m.   MOUFPE-CNI 878 (two specimens)  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -36.737885/lat -4.3559666)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-36.737885&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.3559666">South Atlantic Ocean</a>
                 ,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -36.737885/lat -4.3559666)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-36.737885&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.3559666">Potiguar Basin</a>
                 , Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, station MT72 (04° 40.1817’S, 036° 23.8647’W), May 7, 2011, 908 m.   LC 157 (one specimen)  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -36.737885/lat -4.3559666)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-36.737885&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.3559666">South Atlantic Ocean</a>
                 ,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -36.737885/lat -4.3559666)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-36.737885&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.3559666">Potiguar Basin</a>
                 , Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, station MT72-2 (04° 40.2981'S, 036° 23.7001’W), May 20, 2011, 960 m.   MNRJ 9083 (two specimens),  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -36.737885/lat -4.3559666)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-36.737885&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.3559666">South Atlantic Ocean</a>
                 ,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -36.737885/lat -4.3559666)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-36.737885&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.3559666">Potiguar Basin</a>
                 , Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, station MT73 (04° 37.6640'S, 036° 30.5400’W), May 5, 2011, 957 m.   LC 158 (one specimen)  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -36.737885/lat -4.3559666)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-36.737885&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.3559666">South Atlantic Ocean</a>
                 ,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -36.737885/lat -4.3559666)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-36.737885&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.3559666">Potiguar Basin</a>
                 , Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, station MT73 (04° 37.6640'S, 036° 30.5400’W), May 5, 2011, 957 m.   LC 159 (three specimens)  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -36.737885/lat -4.3559666)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-36.737885&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.3559666">South Atlantic Ocean</a>
                 ,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -36.737885/lat -4.3559666)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-36.737885&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.3559666">Potiguar Basin</a>
                 , Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, station MT74 (04° 34.1484'S, 036° 41.6035’W), May 5, 2011, 902 m.   MOUFPE-CNI 877 (two specimens)  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -36.737885/lat -4.3559666)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-36.737885&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.3559666">South Atlantic Ocean</a>
                 ,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -36.737885/lat -4.3559666)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-36.737885&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.3559666">Potiguar Basin</a>
                 , Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, station MT75 (04° 28.8002'S, 036° 52.5554'W), May 3, 2011, 915 m.   LC 154 (two specimens)  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -36.737885/lat -4.3559666)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-36.737885&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.3559666">South Atlantic Ocean</a>
                 ,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -36.737885/lat -4.3559666)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-36.737885&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.3559666">Potiguar Basin</a>
                 , Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, station MT84 (04° 25.8308’S, 036° 37.3678’W), May 6, 2011, 1964 m.   LC 155 (two specimens)  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -36.737885/lat -4.3559666)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-36.737885&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.3559666">South Atlantic Ocean</a>
                 ,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -36.737885/lat -4.3559666)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-36.737885&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.3559666">Potiguar Basin</a>
                 , Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, station MT85 (04° 21.3580’S, 036° 036° 44.2730’W), May 4, 2011, 2057 m  . 
            </p>
            <p> SHORT DESCRIPTION. Individuals 5.6 to 8.7 mm in height and 16.6 to 24.1 mm in diameter. Number of tentacles corresponds to the number of mesenteries: 48 pairs of mesenteries and 48 tentacles arranged in four cycles. Most of the sampled specimens were attached to  Acanella sp. and branches of  Chrysogorgia tuberculata Cordeiro, Castro &amp; Pérez, 2015 . </p>
            <p>CNIDOM. Spirocysts, basitrichs, holotrichs, and microbasic p -mastigophores B1 (Fig. 4I: a–e, Table 3).</p>
            <p> GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. North Pacific Ocean 2000-5285 m (Hertwig 1888; Carlgren 1949), North Atlantic 1075–4851 m (Riemann-Zürneck 1987; Iken et al. 2001; OBIS 2023). This is the first record for  A. bathybium in the South Atlantic (Potiguar basin, RN, Brazil) 900–2000 m. </p>
            <p> REMARKS. The individuals analyzed agree well with the previous descriptions of  A. bathybium (e.g., Hertwig 1882; 1888; Riemann-Zürneck 1987). The morphological descriptions and cnidom of the individuals from the Potiguar Basin are highly similar to those provided by Riemman-Zürneck (1987) in her redescription of the type specimen of  A. bathybium . Although the types and average sizes for cnidae that we recorded match fairly well with what Riemman-Zürneck (1987) described, we found an extra type of holotrich in the tentacle and smaller microbasic p -mastigophores B 1 in the filament. The holotrich is rare and was not found in all specimens. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039DBD0D7855FFA6FF28FC34FB63FF41	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Targino, Alessandra K. G.;De Melo, Yago A.;Gomes, Paula B.	Targino, Alessandra K. G., De Melo, Yago A., Gomes, Paula B. (2025): Deep-sea anemones (Cnidaria, Actiniaria) from off the northeastern coast of Brazil: new records and description of Stephanauge prima sp. nov. Zootaxa 5569 (2): 328-344, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5569.2.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5569.2.6
039DBD0D7855FFA9FF28FDE0FD8FFC1D.text	039DBD0D7855FFA9FF28FDE0FD8FFC1D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amphianthus Hertwig 1882	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Genus  Amphianthus Hertwig, 1882</p>
            <p>Diagnosis (see Carlgren 1949)</p>
            <p> Type species:  Amphianthus bathybium Hertwig, 1882</p>
            <p> Valid species:  Amphianthus armatus Carlgren, 1928 ;  A. bathybium ;  A. brunneus (Pax, 1909) ;  A. californicus Carlgren, 1936 ;  A. capensis Carlgren, 1928 ;  A. caribaeus (Verrill, 1899) ;  A. dohrnii (Koch, 1878) ;  A. ingolfi Carlgren, 1942 ;  A. islandicus Carlgren, 1942 ;  A. lacteus (McMurrich, 1893) ;  A. laevis Carlgren, 1938 ;  A. margaritaceus (Danielssen, 1890) ;  A. michaelsarsi Carlgren, 1934 ;  A. minutus (Hertwig, 1882) ;  A. mirabilis (Verrill, 1879) ;  A. mopseae (Danielssen, 1890) ;  A. natalensis Carlgren, 1938 ;  A. nitidus (Verrill, 1879) ;  A. norvegicus Carlgren, 1942 ;  A. radiatus Carlgren, 1928 ;  A. rosaceus Wassilief, 1908 ;  A. sanctaehelenae Carlgren, 1941 ;  A. valdiviae Carlgren, 1928 ;  A. verruculatus Carlgren, 1942 . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039DBD0D7855FFA9FF28FDE0FD8FFC1D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Targino, Alessandra K. G.;De Melo, Yago A.;Gomes, Paula B.	Targino, Alessandra K. G., De Melo, Yago A., Gomes, Paula B. (2025): Deep-sea anemones (Cnidaria, Actiniaria) from off the northeastern coast of Brazil: new records and description of Stephanauge prima sp. nov. Zootaxa 5569 (2): 328-344, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5569.2.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5569.2.6
039DBD0D785AFFA7FF28FB1AFD46FF6D.text	039DBD0D785AFFA7FF28FB1AFD46FF6D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amphianthus michaelsarsi Carlgren 1934	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Amphianthus michaelsarsi Carlgren, 1934</p>
            <p>(Fig. 4; Table 4)</p>
            <p>
                 MATERIAL EXAMINED.   MNRJ 9083 (six specimens),  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -36.737885/lat -4.3559666)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-36.737885&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.3559666">South Atlantic Ocean</a>
                 ,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -36.737885/lat -4.3559666)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-36.737885&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.3559666">Potiguar Basin</a>
                 , Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, station MT85 (04° 21.3580'S, 036° 44.2730’W), May 8, 2011, 2057 m.   MOUFPE-CNI 876 (ten specimens)  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -36.737885/lat -4.3559666)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-36.737885&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.3559666">South Atlantic Ocean</a>
                 , Potiguar Basin, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, station MT63 (04° 41.7490’S, 036° 31.1670’W), May 8, 2011, 375 m.   LC 160 (one specimen)  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -36.737885/lat -4.3559666)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-36.737885&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.3559666">South Atlantic Ocean</a>
                 , Potiguar Basin, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, station MT63 (04° 41.7490’S, 036° 31.1670’W), May 8, 2011, 375 m.  LC 161 (seven specimens) South Atlantic Ocean, Potiguar Basin, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, station MT85 (04° 21.3580’S, 036° 036° 44.2730’W), May 4, 2011, 2057 m . 
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            <p>SHORT DESCRIPTION. Small individuals, 3 to 9 mm in height and 4 to 11 mm in diameter. Body short, flat, or globose with 24 rows of small tubercles. Around 70 tentacles, relatively long, in four alternating cycles. Up to two cinclides, each one associated with a directive endocoels. Mesenteries irregularly arranged in four cycles, more numerous at base than at margin. Acontia not numerous.</p>
            <p>CNIDOM. Spirocysts, basitrichs, holotrichs, and microbasic p -mastigophores B1 (Fig. 4I: f–j, Table 4).</p>
            <p> GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.  Amphianthus michaelsarsi is known only from its type material, ten individuals from the Michael Sars Expedition (1910), studied by Carlgren (1934), and from Molodtsova et al. (2008), both from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge in the North Atlantic. The present work expands its geographical distribution to the South Atlantic (Potiguar basin, RN, Brazil). </p>
            <p> REMARKS. The morphological investigation of  A. michaelsarsi from Potiguar Basin matches the description from North Atlantic surveys made by Carlgren (1934), with minor differences in cnidom. Carlgren (1934) does not differentiate the nematocysts of the mesenterial filaments, which we observed to be basitrichs and microbasic p -mastigophores B1. We found holotrichs in the tentacles and some slightly larger basitrichs in the acontia of our individuals not reported by Carlgren (1934). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039DBD0D785AFFA7FF28FB1AFD46FF6D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Targino, Alessandra K. G.;De Melo, Yago A.;Gomes, Paula B.	Targino, Alessandra K. G., De Melo, Yago A., Gomes, Paula B. (2025): Deep-sea anemones (Cnidaria, Actiniaria) from off the northeastern coast of Brazil: new records and description of Stephanauge prima sp. nov. Zootaxa 5569 (2): 328-344, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5569.2.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5569.2.6
039DBD0D785BFFA7FF28FB65FE8AFA22.text	039DBD0D785BFFA7FF28FB65FE8AFA22.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Actinoscyphia Stephenson 1920	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Genus  Actinoscyphia Stephenson, 1920</p>
            <p>Diagnosis (see Gusmão &amp; Rodríguez 2021)</p>
            <p> Type species:  Actinernus saginata Verrill, 1882</p>
            <p> Valid species:  Actinoscyphia aurelia (Stephenson, 1918) ;  Actinoscyphia groendyki Eash-Loucks &amp; Fautin, 2012 ;  Actinoscyphia plebeia (McMurrich, 1893) ;  Actinoscyphia saginata (Verrill, 1882) ;  Actinoscyphia verrilli (Gravier, 1918)</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039DBD0D785BFFA7FF28FB65FE8AFA22	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Targino, Alessandra K. G.;De Melo, Yago A.;Gomes, Paula B.	Targino, Alessandra K. G., De Melo, Yago A., Gomes, Paula B. (2025): Deep-sea anemones (Cnidaria, Actiniaria) from off the northeastern coast of Brazil: new records and description of Stephanauge prima sp. nov. Zootaxa 5569 (2): 328-344, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5569.2.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5569.2.6
039DBD0D785BFFA4FF28FA29FCF4FE15.text	039DBD0D785BFFA4FF28FA29FCF4FE15.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Actinoscyphia saginata (Verrill 1882)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Actinoscyphia saginata (Verrill, 1882)</p>
            <p>(Fig. 4, Table 5)</p>
            <p>
                 MATERIAL EXAMINED.   MNRJ 9092 (two specimens),  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -36.41267/lat -4.472737)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-36.41267&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.472737">South Atlantic Ocean</a>
                 , Potiguar Basin, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, station MT83 (04° 28.3642’S, 036° 24.7602’W), May 4, 2011, 1950 m  .   MOUFPE-CNI 874 (two specimens)  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -36.41267/lat -4.472737)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-36.41267&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.472737">South Atlantic Ocean</a>
                 , Potiguar Basin, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, station MT83 (04° 28.3642’S, 036° 24.7602’W), May 21, 2011, 1950 m  .   LC 156 (10 specimens)  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -36.397743/lat -4.669695)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-36.397743&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.669695">South Atlantic Ocean</a>
                 , Potiguar Basin, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, station MT83-2 (04° 40.1817’S, 036° 23.8647’W), May 21, 2011, 2123 m  . 
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            <p>SHORT DESCRIPTION. Column 35.6 to 56.7 mm in height, oral disc diameter 72.4 to 114.5 mm, base diameter 21.6 to 43.5 mm. Oral disc bilobed. Tentacles with mesogleal swellings at their base, total approximately 160, in two cycles. Mesenteries in five cycles, only first one perfect. Acontia absent.</p>
            <p>CNIDOM. Spirocysts, basitrichs, holotrichs, and microbasic p -mastigophores B1 (Fig. 4I: k–o, Table 5).</p>
            <p> GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.  Actinoscyphia saginata was originally known from the Atlantic coast of North America (Verrill 1882) and later described from France, Morocco and Brazil (Riemann-Zürneck 1978; Gusmão &amp; Rodríguez 2021), at depths ranging from 978 to 2177 m. Our findings extend its distributional records northwards off the Brazilian coast, suggesting a more continuous Atlantic range for this species. </p>
            <p> REMARKS. In Riemann-Zürneck’s (1978) review of  Actinoscyphia , the cnidom was interpreted as an important characteristic to distinguish species. Following the identification key proposed by Eash-Loucks &amp; Fautin (2012),  Actinoscyphia saginata has approximately 160 long tentacles, which differentiates it from closer species, such as  Actinoscyphia aurelia , with around 275 tentacles and more than five mesentery cycles. The attributes of our specimens fit well to the original description of  Actinoscyphia saginata by Verrill (1882) to later treatments by Riemann-Zürneck (1978) and Gusmão &amp; Rodríguez (2021). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039DBD0D785BFFA4FF28FA29FCF4FE15	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Targino, Alessandra K. G.;De Melo, Yago A.;Gomes, Paula B.	Targino, Alessandra K. G., De Melo, Yago A., Gomes, Paula B. (2025): Deep-sea anemones (Cnidaria, Actiniaria) from off the northeastern coast of Brazil: new records and description of Stephanauge prima sp. nov. Zootaxa 5569 (2): 328-344, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5569.2.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5569.2.6
039DBD0D7858FFA4FF28FB11FE7CFA24.text	039DBD0D7858FFA4FF28FB11FE7CFA24.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chondrophellia Carlgren 1925	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Genus  Chondrophellia Carlgren, 1925</p>
            <p>Diagnosis (see Gusmão &amp; Rodríguez 2021)</p>
            <p> Type species:  Actinauge nodosa var. coronata Verrill, 1883</p>
            <p> Valid species:  Chondrophellia africana Carlgren, 1928 ;  C. coronata (Verrill, 1883) ; and  C. orangina Zelnio, Rodríguez &amp; Daly, 2009 . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039DBD0D7858FFA4FF28FB11FE7CFA24	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Targino, Alessandra K. G.;De Melo, Yago A.;Gomes, Paula B.	Targino, Alessandra K. G., De Melo, Yago A., Gomes, Paula B. (2025): Deep-sea anemones (Cnidaria, Actiniaria) from off the northeastern coast of Brazil: new records and description of Stephanauge prima sp. nov. Zootaxa 5569 (2): 328-344, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5569.2.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5569.2.6
039DBD0D7858FFA2FF28FA21FC6EFF41.text	039DBD0D7858FFA2FF28FA21FC6EFF41.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chondrophellia coronata (Verrill 1883)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Chondrophellia coronata (Verrill, 1883)</p>
            <p>(Fig. 4; Table 6)</p>
            <p>
                  MATERIAL EXAMINED. MNRJ 9079 (one specimen).  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 36.397503/lat -4.669444)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=36.397503&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.669444">Atlantic Ocean</a>
                 , Potiguar Basin, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, station MT72 (04° 40' 10'' S, 36° 23' 51'' O), May 7, 2011, 897-908 m. 
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            <p>DESCRIPTION. Small, elongated body, almost perfectly cylindrical, column 15.1 mm in height and 6 mm in diameter at mid-column, divisible into scapus and short scapulus (Fig. 4B). Tentacles without mesogleal thickenings at base, arranged in five cycles, 72 in total. Mesenteries hexamerously arranged in four cycles. Acontia present, but rare.</p>
            <p>CNIDOM. Spirocysts, basitrichs, microbasic p -mastigophores B1 (Fig. 4I: p–s, Table 6).</p>
            <p> GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.  Chondrophellia coronata is known from the North Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico, and from the North and South Pacific (Carlgren 1942; Doumenc &amp; Van Präet 1988; McMurrich 1893; Molodtsova et al. 2008). In Brazil, it was recorded off the coast of Rio de Janeiro, Southwest region (Gusmão &amp; Rodríguez 2021). The collection of specimens at the Potiguar Basin, in the northeast of the country, indicates a broader or even Panamerican distribution for this species. </p>
            <p> REMARKS. The description of  C. coronata from the Potiguar Basin is in agreement with former descriptions of this species. We found an additional larger microbasic p -mastigophore B 1 in the filaments not reported by other authors but suspect that it is the result of contamination from acontia. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039DBD0D7858FFA2FF28FA21FC6EFF41	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Targino, Alessandra K. G.;De Melo, Yago A.;Gomes, Paula B.	Targino, Alessandra K. G., De Melo, Yago A., Gomes, Paula B. (2025): Deep-sea anemones (Cnidaria, Actiniaria) from off the northeastern coast of Brazil: new records and description of Stephanauge prima sp. nov. Zootaxa 5569 (2): 328-344, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5569.2.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5569.2.6
