identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
039987A5DA19FFD7C076FFF5FE74FC1E.text	039987A5DA19FFD7C076FFF5FE74FC1E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Entypesidae Bond, Opatova & Hedin 2020	<div><p>Family Entypesidae Bond, Opatova &amp; Hedin, 2020</p><p>The spider family Entipesidae has been recently established to accomodate three genera previously listed in the Nemesiidae: Entypesa Simon, 1902, Hermacha Simon, 1889, and Lepthercus Purcell, 1902 (Opatova et al. 2020). All known entypesids are distributed only in the southernmost part of the Afrotropical Region (World Spider Catalog 2020); this being also the case of the fourth genus of the family, described below.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039987A5DA19FFD7C076FFF5FE74FC1E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Zonstein, Sergei L.	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2021): Afropesa, a new spider genus from South Africa (Araneae: Entypesidae). Israel Journal of Entomology 51 (17): 7-34, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4719052, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4719051
039987A5DA19FFD3C098FEFEFE11FBE6.text	039987A5DA19FFD3C098FEFEFE11FBE6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Afropesa Zonstein 2021	<div><p>Genus Afropesa n. gen.</p><p>LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: B96D8B0B-D590-49E2-981B-E133344E2B78.</p><p>Type species: Entypesa schoutedeni Benoit, 1965 (Figs 1–18), by present designation.</p><p>Etymology: Afropesa is a combination of the prefix Afro - (i.e.,African, in reference to the mainland Africa) and the genus name Entypesa . The gender is feminine.</p><p>Diagnosis: Males and females of Afropesa gen. n. can be distinguished from those in other genera of the Entypesidae in having the following unique set of the diagnostic characters:</p><p>(a) tibia I normal or thick (Figs 5, 23, 24, 41, 42), generally thin and elongated in Entypesa (Figs 54–59), normal in Hermacha and Lepthercus dregei group and incrassate in Lepthercus haddadi group);</p><p>(b) the presence of a retroventral distal megaspine on tibia I (usually on a low mound: Figs 5, 23; similar to that in Hermacha and Entypesa, cf. raised apophysis with a distal megaspine in Lepthercus), sometimes the sessile megaspine is weakly developed (Figs 41, 42);</p><p>(c) metatarsus I with or without a small knob (Figs 5–7, 23, 24, 41, 42 cf. absent in Hermacha, generally with a cuticular retrolateral process, or tumescence, or unmodified in Entypesa (Figs 54–59), with a basal prolateral tumescence in Lepthercus dregei species group, or with blunt spinules in Lepthercus haddadi group);</p><p>(d) palpal tibia with the base moderately developed (Figs 8, 25, 43), similar to Lepthercus dregei species group, cf. strongly incrassate in Lepthercus haddadi group, mostly subcylindrical in Hermacha and Entypesa (Figs 60–66; Dippenaar-Schoeman 2002, fig. 58h);</p><p>(e) palpal tibia with spiniform setae prolaterally (as in Figs 9, 10, similar to Lepthercus dregei group, absents in Lepthercus haddadi group, strong spines proventral and retroventral in Hermacha and Entypesa; see Figs 60–66);</p><p>(f) cymbium short (Figs 8, 11, 25, 43, similar to Lepthercus and Hermacha, cf. moderately long to elongate in Entypesa; as in Figs 60–66) without spines (similar to Lepthercus, spines present or not in Hermacha and Entypesa; see Figs 60–66);</p><p>(g) copulatory bulb with developed flanges (Figs 8–11, 25, 27–30, 43–45 cf. small keels or absent in Entypesa (the most distributed variants as shown in Figs 60–66), Lepthercus and Hermacha);</p><p>(h) spermathecae with a wide base and elongate or globular distal lobes (Figs 17, 35, 51, moderate to long stalks and small globular distal lobes in Entypesa (Figs 67–72), small with short stalks in Lepthercus, simple without stalks in Hermacha).</p><p>Description: Medium-sized (10–20 mm) spiders. Cephalothorax and legs covered with short bristles; cephalothorax with pubescence and disperse setae. Abdomen covered with short black hairs, dorsally and laterally with a fairly spotted pattern. Clypeus narrow. Ocular tubercle raised, darkened and well defined, wider than long. Fovea short and procurved (similar to Lepthercus, and Entypesa, procurved in Hermacha). Rastellum absent. Serrula present, well visible (similar to Entypesa, and Lepthercus, absent in Hermacha). Intercheliceral tumescence small and pallid (similar to Hermacha, well-marked in other genera); present in males, absent in females. Labium without cuspules, maxillae with numerous cuspules on the posterior inner surface; labiosternal sigilla fused and well defined. Sternum longer than wide, covered with sparse black hairs, with posterior sigilla marginal and fairly well defined.</p><p>Leg formula 4132; all legs sparsely covered with hairs. Tibia I of male unmodified or swollen, without spur; armed with retroventrodistal megaspine, sometimes on low mound (Figs 5, 23, 41, 42), similar to Hermacha and Entypesa, raised apophysis with distal megaspine in Lepthercus). Metatarsi I with or without a small knob. Cymbium short, without apical spines. Palpal tibia with the base moderately developed, with scarce spiniform setae. Scopula thin and moderately dense: entire on distal metatarsi I–II; entire on tarsus I; entire or narrowly divided on tarsus I; sparse and widely divided on tarsus III; vestigial if present on tarsus IV. Trichobothria filiform, arranged in two convex rows on tibiae and one fairly straight line on metatarsi and tarsi. Metatarsal preening combs present on legs II–IV (absent in Hermacha). Copulatory bulb with a moderate long and bent embolus, gradually tapering to apex with flanges. Spermathecae: two, with a wide basal portion and elongate or globular distal lobe.</p><p>Species included: Afropesa schoutedeni (Benoit, 1965) n. comb., A. gauteng n. sp. and A. schwendingeri n. sp.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039987A5DA19FFD3C098FEFEFE11FBE6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Zonstein, Sergei L.	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2021): Afropesa, a new spider genus from South Africa (Araneae: Entypesidae). Israel Journal of Entomology 51 (17): 7-34, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4719052, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4719051
039987A5DA1DFFDFC01DF95DFC78FBDE.text	039987A5DA1DFFDFC01DF95DFC78FBDE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Afropesa schoutedeni (Benoit 1965) Zonstein 2021	<div><p>Afropesa schoutedeni (Benoit, 1965), n. comb.</p><p>(Figs 1–18, 53)</p><p>Entypesa schoutedeni Benoit 1965: 261, figs 2–7 (♂ ♀); Raven 1983: 552 (partially, only the types – see Notes below), 1985: 86, fig. 41 (♂); Dippenaar-Schoeman 2002: 94; Foord et al. 2008: 170; Zonstein &amp; Marusik 2012: 78, 84, figs 3, 22 (♂); Zonstein 2018: 478, figs 51, 52 (♂).</p><p>Diagnosis: Males of A. schoutedeni differ from those of A. schwendingeri n. sp. and A. gauteng n. sp. in having a short unmodified tibia I with a normally developed sessile megaspine in combination with a relatively short metatarsus I provided with a retrolateral knob (vs. a long unmodified tibia I with a weakly differentiated megaspine and a long metatarsus I lacking a knob in the holotype male of A. schwendingeri n. sp., and vs. a swollen tibia I with the megaspine on a low mound and a modified metatarsus I with a ventral tumescence in males of A. gauteng n. sp.). Among the congeners, males of A. schoutedeni possess the longest palpal tibia, but the shortest distal embolus (Figs 8–11 cf. Figs 25, 27–30, 43–45). The conspecific females can be distinguished from female congeners by the spermathecae with moderately long and spiraled stalks and clavate receptacular heads (vs. weakly twisted stalks in A. schwendingeri and sessile elongate heads in A. gauteng n. sp.; Fig. 17 cf. Figs 35 and 51).</p><p>Description: Male (holotype). Total length about 10.00 (abdomen separated from cephalothorax). Habitus as in Fig. 1.</p><p>Colour in alcohol: carapace, chelicerae, most part of palps and legs medium ochre brown, with tibia and proximal half of metatarsus I slightly darker; labium, sternum, maxillae and coxae I–IV pale yellowish brown; eye tubercle blackish brown; abdomen yellowish brown, dorsally and laterally with darker brown chevron-like pattern, mottled posteriorly; spinnerets uniformly pale yellowish brown.</p><p>Cephalothorax dorsally and ventrally as in Figs 2 and 4, respectively. Carapace 3.76 long, 3.04 wide. Eye tubercle as in Fig. 3. Eye diameter and interdistances:AME 0.11(0.15), ALE 0.21, PLE 0.20, PME 0.13, AME–AME 0.09(0.05), AME–ALE 0.06(0.04), ALE–PLE 0.04, PLE–PME 0.03, PME–PME 0.23. Chelicerae without rastellum. Cheliceral furrow with 8 promarginal teeth and ca. 30 tiny mesobasal denticles. Male intercheliceral tumescence small and weakly defined. Labium 0.32 long, 0.64 wide. Sternum 1.98 long, 1.66 wide. Maxillae each with about 50 very small cuspules arranged in wide triangular area. Maxillary serrula well visible under light microscope at 100× magnification.</p><p>Palp and leg structures. Tibia and metatarsus I as in Fig. 5; details of metatarsus I as in Figs 6, 7. Spines (cymbium and tarsi I–IV aspinose): Palp: femur d1–1–1–1–1, pd0–0–1; patella p1; tibia p0–1–1, v0–1–2. Leg I: femur d1–1–1–1, pd0–0–1; patella p1; tibia p1–1, pv1–1–2, rv1–1–M; metatarsus v0–1–1. Leg II: femur d1–1–1–1, pd0–0–1; patella p1; tibia p1–1, v2–2–3; metatarsus p1–1, v2(1)–2–3. Leg III: femur d1–1–1–1–1, pd1–1–1, rd1–1–1; patella p1–1, r1; tibia d1–1, p1–1, r1–1, v2–2–3; metatarsus d1–1–1, p1–1–1, r1–1–1, v2–2–3. Leg IV: femur d1–1–1–1, pd1–1–1, rd0–1–1; patella r1; tibia d1–1–0, p1–1, r1–1, v2–2–3; metatarsus p1–1–1–1, pd1–1–1, r1–1–1–1, rd1–1–1, v2–2–3. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 8–10 each on tibiae, 15–17 on metatarsi, 10–12 on tarsi, 9 on cymbium. Metatarsal preening combs present on metatarsi II (one), III (two) and IV (two). Scopula thin, moderately sparse and as long as 0.7–0.8 width of segment: entire and distal on metatarsi I–II, entire on tarsus I, narrowly divided on tarsus II; widely divided on tarsi III and IV. PTC I–IV with 9–10 teeth on each margin. Leg measurements:</p><p>Palp I II III IV Femur 1.72 2.93 2.54 2.34 2.99 Patella 0.93 1.71 1.53 1.29 1.64 Tibia 1.01 1.94 1.65 1.46 2.21 Metatarsus ― 1.97 1.76 2.15 3.10 Tarsus 0.64 1.43 1.41 1.45 1.61 Total 4.30 9.98 8.89 8.69 11.55</p><p>Distal segments of palp and copulatory organ as in Figs 8–11. Tegulum pearshaped. Embolus proximally enclosed between two flattened structures: long ventral keel and raised dorsal flange. Distal portion of embolus moderately short, curved and tapering to apex.</p><p>Spinnerets (Fig. 12). PMS: length 0.49, diameter 0.20. PLS: maximal diameter 0.37; length of basal, medial and apical segments 0.82, 0.66, 1.03; total length 2.51; apical segment digitiform.</p><p>Female (paratype). Total length 12.10. Habitus as in Fig. 13.</p><p>Colour in alcohol: generally, as in male, but legs I–IV uniformly coloured.</p><p>Cephalothorax dorsally and ventrally as in Figs 14 and 16, respectively. Carapace 3.94 long, 3.19 wide. Eye tubercle as in Fig. 15. Eye diameter and interdistances: AME 0.12(0.17), ALE 0.23, PLE 0.19, PME 0.14, AME–AME 0.09(0.04), AME– ALE 0.06(0.04), ALE–PLE 0.03, PLE–PME 0.03, PME–PME 0.26. Chelicerae without rastellum as in male. Cheliceral furrow with 7 promarginal teeth and 20–25 small mesobasal denticles. Labium 0.39 long, 0.72 wide. Sternum 2.03 long, 1.80 wide. Maxillae each with 55–60 small cuspules arranged as in male. Maxillary serrula well visible under light microscope at 100× magnification.</p><p>Palp and leg structures. Spines (all femora with 1 basodorsal spine and 3–4 dorsal bristles alongside midline; palpal patella, patellae I–II and tarsi I–IV aspinose): Palp: femur pd1; tibia p0–1, v2–2–3(2); tarsus v2–0–0. Leg I: femur pd1; tibia p0–1(0), v1–1–2; metatarsus v2–1–2. Leg II: femur pd1; tibia p0–1, v1–1–2; metatarsus v2–2–2. Leg III: femur rd0–0–1; patella p1–1, r1; tibia p1–1, r1–1, v2–2–3; metatarsus p1–1–1, pd1–1–1, r1–1–1, rd1–1–1, v2–2–3. Leg IV: femur rd0–0–1; patella r1; tibia p0–1, r1–1, v2–2–3; metatarsus p1–1–1–1, pd1–1–1–1, r1–1–1, rd1–1–1, v2–2–3. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 9–10 each on tibiae, 13–16 on metatarsi, 10–12 on tarsi, 9 on palpal tarsus. Metatarsal preening combs as in male. Scopula thin and moderately sparse as in male but shorter (as long as 0.4–0.5 width of segment): entire on metatarsi I–II, palpal tarsus, divided by single row of setae on tarsus I, narrowly divided on tarsus II, widely divided and mixed with setae on tarsus III, vestigial and mixed on tarsus IV. PTC I with 6–7 teeth on each margin. Palpal claw with 6 promarginal teeth. Leg measurements:</p><p>Palp I II III IV</p><p>Femur 1.91 2.55 2.49 2.20 2.86</p><p>Patella 1.10 1.63 1.47 1.38 1.66</p><p>Tibia 1.17 1.74 1.47 1.33 2.02</p><p>Metatarsus ― 1.51 1.46 1.92 2.65</p><p>Tarsus 1.39 1.12 1.12 1.15 1.34</p><p>Total 5.57 8.55 8.01 7.98 10.53 Spermathecae (Fig. 17). Each paired branch consists of wide basal part connected directly (i.e., without a stalk) with elongate distal lobe.</p><p>Spinnerets (Fig. 18). PMS: length 0.68, diameter 0.24. PLS: maximal diameter 0.41; length of basal, medial and apical segments 1.03, 0.72, 1.12; total length 2.87; apical segment digitiform.</p><p>Variation: Length of the carapace varies from 3.63–3.76 mm in males, and from 3.10–3.94 mm in females.</p><p>Holotype: ♂ South Africa: Limpopo: Soutpansberg Mts [22°59'S 29°45'E], no date, H. Schouteden (RMCA-ARA- 127592). The holotype was found preserved in a good condition, with the abdomen, the left palp, and the right leg I from tibia to tarsus separated from the cephalothorax.</p><p>Paratype: 1♀, collected together with the holotype, with the same label data but stored in a good condition in a separate vial (RMCA-ARA- 127593).</p><p>Additional material examined: South Africa: Limpopo: 1♂ Soutpansberg Mts, Mt Lajuma, 11.v.2004, M. Mafadza (NCA 2008/4971); 1♂ subad., 1♀, same data as the preceding but Lajuma <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=29.430555&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.038889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 29.430555/lat -23.038889)">Mt Retreat</a> [23°02'20"S 29°25'50"E], 50 km W Louis Trichardt, 1300–1400 m, 1–2.iv.2001, P. Schwendinger (MHNG-ZA-01/02).</p><p>Distribution: The species is known only from the type locality.</p><p>Ecology: Two specimens from the Lajuma Mt Retreat have been collected, according to the label data, in the “montane evergreen forest”.</p><p>Notes: The specimens from KwaZulu-Natal Province deposited in RMCA (8♀, examined), which were mentioned and illustrated by Raven (1983) as belonging to E. schoutedeni, should be actually assigned to another entypesid taxon.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039987A5DA1DFFDFC01DF95DFC78FBDE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Zonstein, Sergei L.	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2021): Afropesa, a new spider genus from South Africa (Araneae: Entypesidae). Israel Journal of Entomology 51 (17): 7-34, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4719052, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4719051
039987A5DA11FFC5C09DF983FEA0FB54.text	039987A5DA11FFC5C09DF983FEA0FB54.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Afropesa gauteng Zonstein 2021	<div><p>Afropesa gauteng n. sp.</p><p>(Figs 19–36, 53)</p><p>LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 0C74D67C-F8E1-436E-B550-EE9C8C0DF126.</p><p>Etymology: The species name is a noun in apposition and refers to the name of the Gauteng province in South Africa, where the type series was collected.</p><p>Diagnosis: Afropesa gauteng n. sp. differs from males of the other two species in having a noticeable swollen tibia I and a bowed metatarsus I provided with a ventral knob (vs. a non-thickened tibia I in combination with either a laterally knobbed or a long unmodified metatarsus I). The dorsal embolic flange in A. gauteng n. sp. is noticeably shorter than in its both congeners (Figs 27–30 cf. Figs 9–11, 43–45). The conspecific female can be distinguished from other female congeners in having the spermathecae with the trapezoidal bases directly connected to the sessile elongate receptacular heads (vs. triangular bases connected with fairly long stalks to noticeably shorter clavate heads in A. schoutedeni and A. schwendingeri n. sp.; Fig. 35 cf. Figs 17 and 51).</p><p>Description: Male (holotype). Total length 12.40. Habitus as in Fig. 19.</p><p>Colour in alcohol: carapace, chelicerae, most part of palps and legs medium ginger brown; femora I–IV dorsally and patella to metatarsus I darker brown; labium, sternum, maxillae and coxae I–IV paler yellowish brown; eye tubercle blackish brown; abdomen and PLS ventrally pale yellowish brown with a few irregular brownish marks, dorsally and laterally brown with paler yellowish brown spotted pattern; PMS uniformly pale yellowish brown.</p><p>Cephalothorax dorsally and ventrally as in Figs 20 and 22, respectively. Carapace 4.81 long, 3.67 wide. Eye tubercle as in Fig. 21. Eye diameter and interdistances: AME 0.12(0.18), ALE 0.24, PLE 0.19, PME 0.16, AME–AME 0.09(0.03), AME– ALE 0.07(0.04), ALE–PLE 0.07, PLE–PME 0.03, PME–PME 0.24. Chelicerae only with dense enlarged setae on anterodistal edge, true rastellar spines absent. Cheliceral furrow with 7 promarginal teeth and 25–30 heterogeneous (tiny to minute) mesobasal denticles. Male intercheliceral tumescence small, pallid and weakly defined oval area confined to proventrobasal cheliceral edge. Labium 0.33 long, 0.69 wide. Sternum 2.43 long, 1.96 wide. Maxillae each with 70–75 very small cuspules arranged in wide triangular area. Maxillary serrula well visible under light microscope at 100× magnification.</p><p>Palp and leg structures. Tibia and metatarsus I as in Figs 23, 24. Spines (cymbium and tarsi I–IV aspinose): Palp: femur d1–1–1–1–1, pd0–0–1; patella p1; tibia pv1–1–1. Leg I: femur d1–1–1–1, pd0–0–1; patella p1; tibia pv1–1; metatarsus v0–0–1. Leg II: femur d1–1–1–1, pd0–0–1; patella p1; tibia p1–1, v2–2–3; metatarsus p1–1, v3(2)–2–3. Leg III: femur d1–1–1–1, pd1–1–1, rd1–1–1; patella p1–1, r1–1(0); tibia d1(0)–1–1, p1–1, r1–1, v2–2–3; metatarsus p1–1–1, pd1–1–1, r1–1–1, rd1–1–1, v2–2–3. Leg IV: femur d1–1–1–1, pd1–1–1, rd0–1–1; patella r1; tibia d1–0–0, p1–1, r1–1, v2–2–3; metatarsus p1–1–1, pd1–1–0–2, r1–1–1, rd1–1–1–1, v3(2)–1–2–3. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 8–10 each on tibiae, 15–17 on metatarsi, 14–15 on tarsi, 12 on cymbium. Metatarsal preening combs present on metatarsi II (one), III (two) and IV (two). Scopula thin, moderately dense and as long as 0.5–0.6 width of segment: entire and distal on metatarsi I–II, entire on tarsi I–II, narrowly divided on tarsus III; widely divided on tarsus IV. PTC I–IV with 10–12 teeth on each margin. Leg measurements:</p><p>Palp I II III IV Femur 1.99 3.47 3.15 2.94 3.63 Patella 0.91 1.98 1.77 1.56 1.96 Tibia 1.27 2.41 1.97 1.83 2.69 Metatarsus ― 2.63 2.35 2.92 3.75 Tarsus 0.62 1.66 1.64 1.73 1.99 Total 4.69 12.15 10.88 10.98 14.02</p><p>Distal segments of palp and copulatory organ as in Figs 25, 27–30. Tegulum pole-flattened and pegtop-shaped. Embolus proximally funnel-shaped with shallow longitudinal furrow bordered retromarginally with slightly convex lenticular keel. Distal portion of embolus moderately long, bent and gradually tapering to apex.</p><p>Spinnerets (Fig. 26). PMS: length 0.56, diameter 0.24. PLS: maximal diameter 0.42; length of basal, medial and apical segments 0.99, 0.80, 1.28; total length 3.07; apical segment digitiform.</p><p>Female (paratype). Total length 14.30. Habitus as in Fig. 31.</p><p>Colour in alcohol: generally, as in male, but chelicerae chestnut brown and considerably darker than carapace, and legs I–IV uniformly coloured.</p><p>Cephalothorax dorsally and ventrally as in Figs 32 and 34, respectively. Carapace 5.14 long, 3.88 wide. Eye tubercle as in Fig. 33. Eye diameter and interdistances: AME 0.12(0.18), ALE 0.28, PLE 0.23, PME 0.19, AME–AME 0.12(0.06), AME– ALE 0.09(0.06),ALE–PLE 0.04, PLE–PME 0.04, PME–PME 0.27. Chelicerae without rastellum as in male. Cheliceral furrow with promarginal 7–8 teeth and about 30 heterogeneous mesobasal denticles. Labium 0.44 long, 0.86 wide. Sternum 2.54 long, 2.18 wide. Maxillae each with about 80 small cuspules arranged as in male. Maxillary serrula well visible under light microscope at 100× magnification.</p><p>Palp and leg structures. Spines (all femora with 1 basodorsal spine and 3–5 dorsal bristles alongside midline; palpal patella, patellae I–II and tarsi I–IV aspinose): Palp: femur pd1; tibia p1–1, v2–2–3; tarsus v2–0–0. Leg I: femur pd1; tibia p0–1, v1–1–3; metatarsus v2–2–0–1. Leg II: femur pd1; tibia p0–1, v1–1–3; metatarsus v2–2–2. Leg III: femur pd0–0–1, rd0–1–1; patella p1–1, r1(0); tibia d1–1, p1–1, r1–1(0), v2–2–3; metatarsus p1–1–1, pd1–1–1, r1–1, rd1–1–1, v2–2–3. Leg IV: femur rd0–0–1; patella r1; tibia p0–1, r1–1, v2–2–3; metatarsus p1–1–1–1, pd1–1–1–1, r1–1–1, rd1–1–1, v2–1–2–3. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 9–10 each on tibiae, 11–14 on metatarsi, 12–14 on tarsi, 10 on palpal tarsus. Metatarsal preening combs as in male. Scopula entire on metatarsi I–II, palpal tarsus and tarsus I, narrowly divided on tarsus II, widely divided on tarsus III, absent on tarsus IV. PTC I with 8–9 teeth on each margin. Palpal claw with 6 promarginal teeth. Leg measurements:</p><p>Palp I II III IV</p><p>Femur 2.29 3.30 2.99 2.65 3.46</p><p>Patella 1.21 1.98 1.81 1.64 1.96</p><p>Tibia 1.46 2.13 1.83 1.64 2.53</p><p>Metatarsus ― 1.93 1.79 2.31 3.21</p><p>Tarsus 1.71 1.49 1.43 1.46 1.57</p><p>Total 6.67 10.83 9.85 9.70 12.73 Spermathecae (Fig. 35). Each paired branch consists of wide basal part connected directly (i.e., without a stalk) with elongate distal lobe.</p><p>Spinnerets (Fig. 36). PMS: length 0.71, diameter 0.31. PLS: maximal diameter 0.57; length of basal, medial and apical segments 1.16, 0.79, 1.30; total length 3.25; apical segment digitiform.</p><p>Variation: Length of the carapace varies from 4.09–4.81 mm in males, and from 4.48–5.14 mm in females.</p><p>Holotype: ♂ South Africa: Gauteng: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=27.55&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.983334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 27.55/lat -25.983334)">near Magaliesburg</a>, 25°59'S 27°33'E, ca. 1500 m, 2.iv.1976, F. Wanless &amp; A. Russell-Smith (RMCA-ARA- 154430/a). The holotype is the best preserved male in the entire series; however, resulting from a relatively long storage, body and legs are slightly macerated.</p><p>Paratypes: 2♂ 4♀, collected together with the holotype (RMCA-ARA- 154430/b). The paratype series embraces both relatively well-preserved (somewhat macerated) and partially fragmented specimens .</p><p>Distribution: The species is known only from the type locality.</p><p>Ecology: Unknown.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039987A5DA11FFC5C09DF983FEA0FB54	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Zonstein, Sergei L.	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2021): Afropesa, a new spider genus from South Africa (Araneae: Entypesidae). Israel Journal of Entomology 51 (17): 7-34, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4719052, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4719051
039987A5DA0BFFCCC0E0F804FE01FC14.text	039987A5DA0BFFCCC0E0F804FE01FC14.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Afropesa schwendingeri Zonstein 2021	<div><p>Afropesa schwendingeri n. sp.</p><p>(Figs 37–53)</p><p>LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 939CB3B2-B6E6-4EC7-90AC-6F00EB9FB1A5.</p><p>Etymology: The species is named after Dr Peter Schwendinger, a prominent Swiss specialist on the Mesothelae and the Mygalomorphae; the description is based on the material collected by him.</p><p>Diagnosis: The holotype male of A. schwendingeri n. sp. differs from males of both A. schoutedeni and A. gauteng n. sp. in having an underdeveloped megaspine on tibia I, an unmodified metatarsus I lacking a knob, and a relatively shorter apical segment of PLS (vs. a well-defined megaspine, the presence of the metatarsal knob, and a longer apical segment of PLS in males of two latter species). Among the congeners, male of A. schwendingeri n. sp. possesses the longest though relatively low dorsal embolic flange as well as the longest distal embolus (Figs 43–45 cf. Figs 8–11, 25, 27–30). The conspecific female can be distinguished from other female congeners in having the spermathecae with moderately long and weakly twisted stalks and clavate receptacular heads (vs. spiraled stalks in A. schoutedeni and sessile elongate heads in A. gauteng n. sp.; Fig. 51 cf. Figs 17 and 35).</p><p>Description: Male (holotype). Total length about 11.45. Habitus as in Fig. 37.</p><p>Colour in alcohol: carapace, chelicerae and femora I–IV dorsally yellowish brick-red, palps entirely and most part of legs I–IV yellowish orange, with tibia and proximal half of metatarsus I slightly darker; labium, sternum, maxillae and coxae I–IV pale yellowish orange; eye tubercle blackish brown; abdomen yellowish brown, dorsally and laterally with darker brown diffuse mottled pattern and weakly distinct chevrons; spinnerets almost uniformly pale yellowish brown with diffuse and weakly distinct darker brownish marks distributed only on their dorsal side.</p><p>Cephalothorax dorsally and ventrally as in Figs 38 and 40, respectively. Carapace 4.96 long, 3.86 wide. Eye tubercle as in Fig. 39. Eye diameter and interdistances: AME 0.15(0.21), ALE 0.23, PLE 0.16, PME 0.14, AME–AME 0.09(0.04), AME– ALE 0.08(0.05), ALE–PLE 0.05, PLE–PME 0.03, PME–PME 0.39. Chelicerae with 30–35 thickened setae on dorsodistal edge in front of fang base. Cheliceral furrow with 8–9 promarginal teeth and 25–30 tiny to minute mesobasal denticles. Male intercheliceral tumescence small and weakly defined. Labium 0.43 long, 0.82 wide. Sternum 2.47 long, 2.04 wide. Maxillae each with about 65 very small cuspules arranged in wide triangular area. Maxillary serrula well visible under light microscope at 100× magnification.</p><p>Palp and leg structures. Tibia and metatarsus I retrolaterally and ventrally as in Figs 41, 42. Spines (cymbium and tarsi I–IV aspinose, tibial megaspine underdeveloped): Palp: femur d1–1–1–1–1, pd0–0–1; patella p1; tibia d1–1–0, p0–1–1, pv1(0). Leg I: femur d1(0)–1–1–1(0)–1–1, pd1–1–1, rd0–1–1; patella p1, v1(0); tibia p1–1, pv1–1–2(1)–2, rv1–1–2(0)–1; metatarsus p1, v1(0)–0–1. Leg II: femur d1(0)–1–1–1–1–1, pd1–1–1, rd1–1–1; patella p1; tibia p1–1, v2–3(2)–3; metatarsus p0–1–0, v2–2–2. Leg III: femur d1–1–1–1–0, pd1–1–1, rd1–1–1; patella p1–1–2(1), r1–1; tibia d1–1–1(0), p1–1–1, r1–1, v2–2–3; metatarsus d2(0)–2–2, p1–1–1, r1–1–1, v3(2)–2–4. Leg IV: femur d1–1–1–1–0, pd1–1–1, rd1–1–1; patella r1; tibia p1–1–1(0), r1–1–1(0), v2–2–1(0)–3; metatarsus d2–2–2, pd1–1–1, r1–1–1–1, v1(0)–2–2–3. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 9–11 each on tibiae, 13–16 on metatarsi, 11–14 on tarsi, 10 on cymbium. Metatarsal preening combs present on metatarsi II (one), III (two) and IV (two). Scopula thin, moderately dense and as long as 0.6–0.8 width of segment: entire and distal on metatarsi I–II, short and vestigial on distal metatarsus III, absent on metatarsus IV, entire on tarsi I–II, entire but medially mixed with setae on tarsus III, widely divided on tarsus IV. PTC I–IV with 8–9 teeth on each margin. Leg measurements:</p><p>Palp I II III IV</p><p>Femur 1.97 3.93 3.58 3.41 4.23</p><p>Patella 1.02 1.91 1.86 1.82 2.12</p><p>Tibia 1.15 2.88 2.49 2.14 3.19</p><p>Metatarsus ― 2.96 2.72 3.11 4.48</p><p>Tarsus 0.73 2.13 2.14 1.97 2.17</p><p>Total 4.87 13.81 12.79 12.45 16.19</p><p>Distal segments of palp and copulatory organ as in Figs 43–45. Tegulum pearshaped. Embolus proximally with low ventral keel and basally dilated dorsal flange. Distal portion of embolus long, slightly curved and gradually tapering to apex. Spinnerets (Fig. 46). PMS: length 0.69, diameter 0.24. PLS: maximal diameter 0.51; length of basal, medial and apical segments 0.85, 0.52, 0.84; total length 2.21; apical segment digitiform.</p><p>Female (paratype). Total length 15.90. Habitus as in Fig. 47.</p><p>Colour in alcohol: as in male, but with legs I–IV uniformly coloured; dorsal abdominal pattern with more clearly expressed chevrons than these in holotype male; unlike male, PMS pale yellowish brown with darker brownish bases; most part of PLS with reticulate pattern (large and partially fused dark brown maculae mottled with small pale brownish spots).</p><p>Cephalothorax dorsally and ventrally as in Figs 48 and 50, respectively. Carapace 4.86 long, 3.72 wide. Eye tubercle as in Fig. 49. Eye diameter and interdistances: AME 0.15(0.21), ALE 0.26, PLE 0.21, PME 0.15, AME–AME 0.09(0.03), AME– ALE 0.08(0.05), ALE–PLE 0.03, PLE–PME 0.03, PME–PME 0.32. Chelicerae with numerous thickened setae on dorsodistal edge. Cheliceral furrow with 8 promarginal teeth and 30–35 heterogeneous (tiny to minute) mesobasal denticles. Labium 0.42 long, 0.86 wide. Sternum 2.46 long, 2.11 wide. Maxillae each with ca. 55 unmodified cuspules arranged as in male. Maxillary serrula well visible under light microscope at 100× magnification.</p><p>Palp and leg structures. Spines (all femora with 0–2, but generally 1, basodorsal spines and 3–5 dorsal bristles alongside midline; palpal patella, patellae I–II and tarsi I–IV aspinose): Palp: femur pd1; tibia p1–1, v2–2–3; tarsus v2–0–0. Leg I: femur pd1; tibia p1–1, v1–1–2; metatarsus v2–1–0–1. Leg II: femur pd1; tibia p0–1, v1–1–2; metatarsus v2–2–2. Leg III: femur pd1, rd1–1; patella p1–1, r1; tibia d1–1, p1–1, r0–1, v2–2–3; metatarsus p1–1–1, pd1–1–1, r1–1–1, rd1–1(0)–1, v2–2–3. Leg IV: femur rd0–0–1; patella r1; tibia p1–1, r1–1–1, v2–2–3; metatarsus p1–1–1–1, pd1(0)–1–1–1, r1–1–1, rd1–1–1, v3(2)–1–3(2)–3. Trichobothria: 2 rows of 9–10 each on tibiae, 14–18 on metatarsi, 11–14 on tarsi, 10 on palpal tarsus. Metatarsal preening combs as in male. Scopula thin and moderately sparse as in male but shorter (as long as 0.3–0.4 width of segment): narrowly divided on metatarsus I, palpal tarsus and tarsus I, distal and widely divided on metatarsus II, widely divided on tarsus II, widely divided and mixed with setae on tarsus III, sparse, bilateral and divided by very wide longitudinal band of ventral setae on tarsus IV. PTC I with 7–9 teeth on each margin. Palpal claw with 4–5 promarginal teeth. Leg measurements:</p><p>Palp I II III IV Femur 2.28 3.34 2.89 2.56 3.42 Patella 1.34 2.05 1.84 1.53 2.16 Tibia 1.40 1.96 1.75 1.48 2.33 Metatarsus ― 1.80 1.83 2.34 3.24 Tarsus 1.62 1.33 1.32 1.42 1.47 Total 6.64 10.48 9.63 9.33 12.62</p><p>Spermathecae (Fig. 51). Each paired branch consists of wide conical basal part connected through thin, moderately long and weakly twisted stalk to apically dilated (clavate) distal lobe.</p><p>Spinnerets (Fig. 52). PMS: length 0.87, diameter 0.28. PLS: maximal diameter 0.51; length of basal, medial and apical segments 1.17, 0.89, 1.14; total length 3.20; apical segment digitiform.</p><p>Holotype: ♂ South Africa: Limpopo: Soutpansberg Mts, 50 km W Louis Trichardt, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=29.430555&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.038889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 29.430555/lat -23.038889)">Lajuma Mt Retreat</a> [23°02'20"S 29°25'50"E], 1300–1400 m, 1–2.iv.2001, P. Schwendinger (MHNG-ZA- 01/02).</p><p>Paratype: 1♀, collected together with the holotype, with the same label data (MHNG-ZA- 01/02) .</p><p>Distribution: The species is known only from the type locality.</p><p>Ecology: According to the label data, the type specimens were collected in the “montane evergreen forest”.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039987A5DA0BFFCCC0E0F804FE01FC14	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Zonstein, Sergei L.	Zonstein, Sergei L. (2021): Afropesa, a new spider genus from South Africa (Araneae: Entypesidae). Israel Journal of Entomology 51 (17): 7-34, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4719052, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4719051
