taxonID	type	description	language	source
03A687E8FFD5FFF0FF61F613C3C9FAEB.taxon	description	Figs 1 – 7; Supplementary tables 1 – 4; Tables 1 – 2 Apterous viviparous female (n = 27). Colour in life: apterae are pale yellow, yellowish green, green or dark green, depending on location on host (Blackman & Eastop 2019); pigmentation on slide: head sclerotized, brown. Antennae light brown with lighter ANT and basal part of ANT IV or ANT III, and basal part of ANT IV and V. Legs yellow to pale brown with brown distal parts of tibiae and tarsi (sometimes only slightly visible). Abdomen yellow with brown to dark brown SIPH and light brown cauda and anal plate (Fig. 1 a). HW 0.36 – 0.40 × ANT. Head setae 0.015 – 0.025 mm long, 0.75 – 0.90 × BD III. ANT 0.51 – 0.58 × BL. ANT IV slightly shorter, as long as or slightly longer than ANT V. ANT VI with PT 2.45 – 3.00 × BASE. Other antennal ra- tios: VI: III 1.28 – 1.52, V: III 0.56 – 0.69, IV: III 0.56 – 0.76, PT: III 0.87 – 0.91, PT: IV 1.42 – 1.71, PT: V 1.55 – 1.80. ANT bearing very short and blunt setae (Fig. 5 a). ANT III setae shorter than the width of the segment, 0.010 – 0.015 mm long, LS III 0.50 – 0.75 × BD III. ANT I with 4 – 5, ANT II with 3 – 5, ANT III with 4 – 9, ANT IV with 2 – 4, ANT V with 2 – 5, ANT VI with 2 – 3 basal setae. Rostrum reaching hind coxae. URS 0.37 – 0.50 × ANT III, 0.27 – 0.34 × ANT VI, 0.37 – 0.46 × PT, 1.09 – 1.37 × BASE and 1.00 – 1.22 × HT II. Mesosternal furca wide, fused basally. III FEMORA bearing long, slightly rigid setae with blunt or slightly expanded apices (Fig. 5 b), 0.015 – 0.032 mm long, III FEMORA LS 0.63 – 0.76 × trochantero-femoral suture length. Posterior seta on hind trochanter 0.76 – 1.00 × trochantero-femoral suture length (Fig. 5 c). III TIBIAE bearing long and rigid setae with slightly blunt apices, 0.017 – 0.030 mm long. HT II 0.37 – 0.44 × ANT III, 0.27 – 0.30 × ANT VI, 0.37 – 0.42 × PT and 1.00 – 1.12 × BASE. Abdomen with very small MTu on ABD IV. SIPH 1.60 – 1.88 × cauda, 0.13 – 0.18 × BL, and 1.09 – 1.30 × ANT III. Setae on ABD I – V 0.015 – 0.020 mm long, about 0.85 × BD III. Setae on ABD VI – VIII 0.017 – 0.025 mm long, 0.85 – 1.13 × BD III. Genital plate anterior setae 0.035 – 0.042 mm long, 1.75 – 2.00 × BD III. Cauda with 5 – 8 setae (Fig. 6 a, b). Alate viviparous female (n = 4). Colour in life: unknown; pigmentation on slide: head and thorax sclerotized, brown to dark brown. Antennae brown to light brown with paler basal half of ANT III, IV and V. Wings light brown with darker venation. Fore and middle femora uniformly yellow to light brown, hind femora yellow to light brown with darker distal half. Tibiae yellow to light brown with brown distal ends and tarsi. Abdomen pale with brown sclerite, plates, SIPH, cau- da and anal plate (Fig. 2 a). HW 0.34 – 0.36 × ANT. Head setae 0.012 – 0.015 mm long, 0.76 – 0.88 × BD III. ANT 0.62 – 0.67 × BL. ANT III with 4 – 5 secondary rhinaria, ANT IV slightly shorter or slightly longer than ANT V. ANT VI with PT 2.28 – 2.90 × BASE. Other antennal ra- tios: VI: III 1.32 – 1.70, V: III 0.57 – 0.77, IV: III 0.62 – 0.69, PT: III 0.92 – 1.20, PT: IV 1.33 – 1.93, PT: V 1.55 – 1.70. ANT bearing very short and blunt setae. ANT III setae shorter than the width of the segment, 0.010 – 0.012 mm long, LS III 0.58 – 0.83 × BD III. ANT I with 4 – 5, ANT II with 4 – 5, ANT III with 5 – 7, ANT IV with 4 – 6, ANT V with 4 – 6, ANT VI with 2 – 3 basal setae. Rostrum reach- ing mesosternum. URS 0.42 – 0.45 × ANT III, 0.26 – 0.31 × ANT VI, 0.37 – 0.45 × PT, 0.90 – 1.10 × BASE and 1.10 – 1.17 × HT II. III FEMORA bearing medium sized to long, slightly rigid setae with blunt apices, 0.017 – 0.027 mm long, III FEMORA LS 0.59 – 0.67 × trochantero-femoral suture length. Posterior seta on hind trochanter 0.40 – 0.81 × trochantero-femoral suture length. III TIBIAE bearing long and rigid setae with blunt apices, 0.017 – 0.027 mm long. HT II 0.38 – 0.39 × ANT III, 0.22 – 0.28 × ANT VI, 0.32 – 0.41 × PT and 0.77 – 0.95 × BASE. Abdomen with solid sclerotic bar on ABD I, small spinal and spinopleu- ral sclerites on ABD ABD II – V. ABD V without presi- phuncular sclerites. ABD VI with large spinal plate. ABD VII with small spinal plate (Fig. 7 a). SIPH 1.50 – 1.61 × cauda, about 0.13 × BL, and 0.87 – 0.95 × ANT III. Setae on ABD I – V 0.010 – 0.015 mm long, 0.66 – 0.88 × BD III. Setae on ABD VI – VIII 0.015 – 0.020 mm long, 0.88 – 1.17 × BD III. Genital plate anterior setae 0.020 – 0.040 mm long, 1.47 – 2.35 × BD III. Cauda with 5 – 7 setae. Oviparous female (n = 4). Colour in life: unknown; pigmentation on slide: head slightly sclerotized, yellow to light brown. Antennae yel- low or pale with ANT I, ANT II, apical part of ANT V, BASE and PT light brown. Legs yellow with light brown distal parts of tibiae and tarsi. Hind tibiae uniformly light brown. Abdomen yellow with brown SIPH, cauda and anal plate (Fig. 3 a). HW 0.47 – 0.50 × ANT. Head setae 0.010 – 0.012 mm long, 0.58 – 0.62 × BD III. ANT about 0.48 × BL. ANT IV slightly shorter than ANT V. ANT VI with PT about 2.50 × BASE. Other antennal ratios: VI: III 2.00 – 2.33, V: III 0.85 – 0.91, IV: III 0.64 – 0.83, PT: III 1.42 – 1.66, PT: IV 2.20 – 2.22, PT: V 1.66 – 1.81. ANT bearing very short and blunt setae. ANT III setae shorter than the width of the segment, 0.007 – 0.010 mm long, LS III 0.58 – 0.62 × BD III. ANT I with 5, ANT II with 3, ANT III with 5 – 6, ANT IV with 2, ANT V with 3 – 4, ANT VI with 2 – 3 basal setae. Rostrum reaching hind coxae. URS 0.67 – 0.83 × ANT III, 0.33 – 0.35 × ANT VI, 0.47 – 0.50 × PT, 1.18 – 1.25 × BASE and 1.18 – 1.33 × HT II. Mesosternal furca separated or slightly fused, wide. Posterior seta on hind trochanter 0.64 – 1.00 × trochantero-femoral suture length. III FEMORA with 60 – 89 pseudosensoria, bearing medium sized to long, slightly rigid setae with slightly blunt apices which are mostly pointed on the dorsal side, 0.010 – 0.075 mm long, III FEMORA LS 0.59 – 0.77 × trochantero-femoral suture length. III TIBIAE with 60 – 89 mostly circular, different in size pseudosensoria and with long and rigid setae with blunt apices, 0.010 – 0.030 mm long. HT II 0.57 – 0.62 × ANT III, 0.26 – 0.28 × ANT VI, 0.37 – 0.40 × PT and 0.93 – 1.00 × BASE. Abdomen with small marginal tubercles on ABD I, V and VII. SIPH 1.23 – 1.28 × cauda, about 0.11 × BL, and 1.28 – 1.33 × ANT III. Setae on ABD I – V 0.010 – 0.015 mm long, about 0.62 – 0.88 × BD III. Setae onABD VI – VIII 0.015 – 0.025 mm long, 0.93 – 1.00 × BD III. Genital plate anterior setae 0.026 – 0.035 mm long, 1.52 – 2.18 × BD III. Cauda with 6 – 7 setae. Male (n = 5). Colour in life: unknown; pigmentation on slide: head sclerotized, light brown. Antennae light brown with slightly paler basal part of ANT III. Legs with yellow or light brown femora and pale to yellow tibiae with brown distal parts and tarsi. Abdomen pale with light brown SIPH, cauda and genitalia (Fig. 4 a). HW 0.39 – 0.40 × ANT. Head setae 0.010 – 0.017 mm long, 0.50 – 0.76 × BD III. ANT 0.76 – 0.80 × BL. ANT III with 0 (on one segment) – 14, ANT IV shorter, than ANT V with 2 – 12, ANT V with 1 – 11 secondary rhinaria. ANT VI with PT 2.64 – 2.73 × BASE. Other antennal ratios: VI: III 1.64 – 1.77, V: III 0.76 – 0.80, IV: III 0.61 – 0.71, PT: III 1.20 – 1.28, PT: IV 1.80 – 1.95, PT: V 1.57 – 1.60. ANT bearing very short and blunt setae. ANT III setae shorter than the width of the segment, about 0.010 mm long, LS III 0.50 – 0.76 × BD III. ANT I with 4 – 5, ANT II with 3, ANT III with 4 – 5, ANT IV with 3, ANT V with 1 – 3, ANT VI with 1 – 2 basal setae. Rostrum reaching from hind coxae to ABD I. URS 0.48 – 0.50 × ANT III, 0.27 – 0.30 × ANT VI, 0.37 – 0.41 × PT, 1.00 – 1.33 × BASE and 1.21 – 1.30 × HT II. Mesosternal furca separated. Posterior seta on hind trochanter 1.00 – 1.40 × trochantero-femoral suture length. III FEMORA bearing short to medium sized and rigid setae with mostly blunt apices which are pointed on the dorsal side, 0.015 – 0.032 mm long, III FEMORA LS 0.78 – 0.80 × trochantero-femoral suture length. III TIBIAE bearing short to medium sized and rigid setae with blunt apices, 0.010 – 0.025 mm long. HT II 0.38 – 0.40 × ANT III, 0.22 – 0.23 × ANT VI, aout 0.31 × PT and 0.82 – 0.86 × BASE. Abdomen with small marginal tubercles on ABD IV. SIPH 1.00 – 1.22 × cauda, 0.09 – 0.11 × BL, and 0.57 – 0.64 × ANT III. Setae on ABD I – V 0.010 – 0.013 mm long, 0.50 – 0.76 × BD III. Setae on ABD VI – VIII 0.015 – 0.030 mm long, 0.75 – 1.15 × BD III. Cauda with 4 – 6 setae.	en	Kanturski, Mariusz, Bezděk, Aleš (2019): The Knautia feeding species of Aphis (Insecta: Hemiptera: Aphididae) with notes on Aphis knautiae Holman nomen nudum. Bonn zoological Bulletin 68 (2): 189-203, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2019.68.2.189, URL: https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/2ffd22f5-95bb-359b-88b7-b8eec088ba17/
03A687E8FFD5FFF0FF61F613C3C9FAEB.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. CZECH REPUBLIC: Český Krum- lov-Vyšné, 27 May 1987, on Knautia arvensis, J. Holman leg., 2 al, 19705, IECA; Karlštejn, 10 October 1971, on K. arvensis, J. Holman leg., 4 ♀, 5 ♂, 13289, IECA; FRANCE: Nevache (1600 m), dépt. Hautes-Alpes, 25 June 1969, on K. arvensis, F. Leclant leg., 2 apt, L 3120, IECA; HUNGARY: Nagykovácsi: Nagyszénás, 17 June 1964, on Scabiosa sp., H. Szelegiewicz leg., 6 apt, 2225, R 344, ZMPA; on S. ochroleuca, H. Szelegiewicz leg., 6 apt, 2782, R 434, ZMPA; POLAND: Ługwałd near Olsztyn, 27 June 1964, on K. arvensis, S. Huculak leg., 3 apt (per one on each slide), 189, R 341, ZMPA; Kaletnik near Suwałki, 09 July 1955, on K. arvensis, H. Szelegiewicz leg., 4 apt, 32 R 348, 1 al, 32 R 439, ZMPA; SLO- VAKIA: Vrbovce, 20 May 1967, on K. arvensis, J. Holman leg., 4 apt, 10879 (apt. 33 – 36), IECA; SWEDEN: Växjö, S. Åreda, 06 June 1981, R. Danielsson leg., 2 apt, 1 al, 5132: 24, IECA.	en	Kanturski, Mariusz, Bezděk, Aleš (2019): The Knautia feeding species of Aphis (Insecta: Hemiptera: Aphididae) with notes on Aphis knautiae Holman nomen nudum. Bonn zoological Bulletin 68 (2): 189-203, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2019.68.2.189, URL: https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/2ffd22f5-95bb-359b-88b7-b8eec088ba17/
03A687E8FFD5FFF0FF61F613C3C9FAEB.taxon	biology_ecology	Host plants. Dipsacus sp. D. fullonum, Knautia arvensis, K. integrifolia, K. dinarica, K. dipsacifolia, K. longifolia, Scabiosa sp., S. argentea, S. atropurpurea, S. canescens, S. columbaria, S. comosa, S. ochroleuca, S. sosnowskyi, S. pratensis (Holman 2009) Biology. This is a monoecious and holocyclic species with sexuales in September and October. The aphids occur on upper parts of stems and inflorescences or on un- dersides of leaves and at base of stems or on roots (Heie 1986).	en	Kanturski, Mariusz, Bezděk, Aleš (2019): The Knautia feeding species of Aphis (Insecta: Hemiptera: Aphididae) with notes on Aphis knautiae Holman nomen nudum. Bonn zoological Bulletin 68 (2): 189-203, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2019.68.2.189, URL: https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/2ffd22f5-95bb-359b-88b7-b8eec088ba17/
03A687E8FFD5FFF0FF61F613C3C9FAEB.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Aphis confusa is a common and widely distributed species in Europe (except Balkans).	en	Kanturski, Mariusz, Bezděk, Aleš (2019): The Knautia feeding species of Aphis (Insecta: Hemiptera: Aphididae) with notes on Aphis knautiae Holman nomen nudum. Bonn zoological Bulletin 68 (2): 189-203, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2019.68.2.189, URL: https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/2ffd22f5-95bb-359b-88b7-b8eec088ba17/
03A687E8FFDFFFF3FF60F256C052F8C6.taxon	description	Description Apterous viviparous female (n = 63). Colour in life: unknown; pigmentation on slide: head slightly sclerotized, light brown. Antennae yellow or light yellow with ANT I and ANT II and light brown, apical part of ANT V and BASE and PT pale brown. Legs yellow with light brown distal parts of tibiae and tarsi. Abdomen yellow with light brown to brown SIPH, cau- da and anal plate (Fig. 1 b). HW 0.36 – 0.45 × ANT. Head setae 0.015 – 0.035 mm long, 0.83 – 1.25 × BD III. ANT 0.46 – 0.52 × BL in 5 - segmented specimens and 0.60 – 0.62 × BL in 6 - segmented specimens. In 6 - segmented specimens ANT IV slightly shorter or as long as ANT V. ANT VI with PT 1.75 – 2.20 × BASE. Other antennal ratios: VI: III 0.86 – 1.33, V: III 0.45 – 0.62, IV: III 0.54 – 0.57 (in 6 - segmented specimens), PT: III 0.55 – 0.91, PT: IV 1.26 – 1.69, PT: V 1.16 – 1.57. ANT bearing very short and point- ed setae (Fig. 5 d). ANT III setae shorter than the width of the segment, 0.010 – 0.125 mm long, LS III 0.50 – 1.00 × BD III. ANT I with 4 – 6, ANT II with 3 – 5, ANT III with 5 – 11, ANT IV with 3 – 5, ANT V with 2 – 4, ANT VI with 1 – 2 basal and 4 apical setae. Rostrum reaching from hind coxae to ABD I. URS 0.36 – 0.54 × ANT III, 0.40 – 0.43 × ANT VI, 0.59 – 0.66 × PT, 1.16 – 1.30 × BASE and 1.40 – 1.52 × HT II with 2 – 4 accessory setae. Mesosternal furca separated or slightly fused, wide. III FEMO- RA bearing long, fine, hair-like setae with pointed apices (Fig. 5 e), 0.015 – 0.050 mm long, III FEMORA LS 0.045 – 0.050 mm long, 0.90 – 1.11 × trochantero-femoral suture length. Posterior seta on hind trochanter, 1.00 – 1.22 × trochantero-femoral suture length (Fig. 5 f). III TIBIAE bearing long setae with pointed apices, 0.010 – 0.040 mm long. HT I with 3 – 3 – 2 ventral setae, HT II 0.26 – 0.35 × ANT III, 0.26 – 0.30 × ANT VI, 0.38 – 0.47 × PT and 0.83 – 0.90 × BASE. Abdomen membranous, with well-devel- oped marginal tubercles on ABD I and ABD VII and sometimes small marginal tubercles on ABD IV. SIPH tubular, very slightly tapering towards apex, 1.05 – 1.50 × cauda, 0.09 – 0.14 × BL, and 0.59 – 0.91 × ANT III. Dor- sal setae very short and pointed, 0.015 – 0.030 mm long, 0.83 – 1.25 × BD III on ABD I – V and 0.020 – 0.055 mm long, 1.11 – 1.76 × BD III on ABD VI – VIII. Anterior setae on genital plate 0.045 – 0.050 mm long, 2.25 – 2.94 × BD III. Cauda with 6 – 9 setae (Fig. 6 c, d). Alate viviparous female (n = 5). Colour in life: unknown; pigmentation on slide: head and thorax sclerotized, brown. ANT light brown with brown ANT I and ANT II and slightly paler basal half of ANT III – V. Fore and middle legs light brown with slight- ly darker distal parts of tibiae. Hind legs with brown femora with paler proximal parts and light brown tibiae with darker distal part of tibiae and tarsi. Wings with light brown pterostigma and veins. Abdomen pale with light brown sclerotization, brown SIPH and cauda (Fig. 2 b). HW about 0.32 × ANT. Head setae 0.017 – 0.027 mm long, 0.11 – 0.14 × BD III. ANT 0.65 – 0.76 × BL. ANT III with 4 – 6 secondary rhinaria. ANT IV as long as or slightly shorter, as long as than ANT V with 0 – 1 sec- ondary rhinaria. ANT VI with PT 2.40 – 2.47 × BASE. Other antennal ratios: VI: III 1.40 – 1.61, V: III 0.57 – 0.66, IV: III 0.51 – 0.61, PT: III 1.00 – 1.14, PT: IV 1.73 – 1.84, PT: V 1.71 – 1.73. ANT bearing very short and blunt se- tae. ANT III setae shorter than the width of the segment, 0.012 – 0.015 mm long, LS III 0.80 – 1.00 × BD III. ANT I with 4 – 5, ANT II with 3 – 5, ANT III with 6 – 10, ANT IV with 3 – 6, ANT V with 4 – 6, ANT VI with 2 basal setae. Rostrum reaching from hind coxae to ABD I. URS 0.51 – 0.59 × ANT III, about 0.36 × ANT VI, 0.51 – 0.52 × PT, 1.25 – 1.28 × BASE and 1.50 – 1.56 × HT II. III FEMORA bearing long, fine and pointed setae, 0.012 – 0.032 mm long, III FEMORA LS 0.80 – 0.86 × trochantero-femoral suture length. Posterior seta on hind trochanter 0.80 – 1.00 × trochantero-femoral suture length. III TIBIAE bearing long, fine and pointed setae, 0.012 – 0.032 mm long. HT II 0.34 – 0.38 × ANT III, 0.23 – 0.26 × ANT VI, 0.33 – 0.34 × PT and 0.80 – 1.00 × BASE. Abdomen with sclerite on ABD I, small spinal sclerites on ABD ABD II – IV. ABD V with solid or broken presiphuncular sclerites. ABD VI with large spinal plate. ABD VII with wide spino-pleural plate. ABD IV and VI with small MTu (Fig. 7 b). SIPH 1.14 – 1.636 × cauda, 0.09 – 0.10 × BL, and about 0.57 × ANT III. Setae on ABD I – V 0.020 – 0.025 mm long, about 1.33 × BD III. Setae on ABD VI – VIII 0.025 – 0.040 mm long, about 1.66 × BD III. Genital plate anterior setae 0.030 – 0.040 mm long, 2.00 – 2.66 × BD III. Cauda with 8 setae. Oviparous female (n = 47). Colour in life: unknown; pigmentation on slide: head sclerotized, brown. Antennae pale with ANT I, ANT II, apical part of ANT V and ANT VI brown. Legs yellow with slightly darker very apical parts and tarsi. Abdomen yellow with brown SIPH, cauda and anal plate (Fig. 3 b). HW 0.44 – 0.46 × ANT. Head setae 0.017 – 0.040 mm long, 0.85 – 1.47 × BD III. ANT 0.51 – 0.56 × BL. ANT IV shorter than ANT V. ANT VI with PT 2.68 – 3.06 × BASE. Other antennal ratios: VI: III 2.00 – 2.18, V: III 0.87 – 0.92, IV: III 0.70 – 0.85, PT: III 1.48 – 1.51, PT: IV 1.86 – 2.09, PT: V 1.64 – 1.75. ANT bearing very short and pointed se- tae. ANT III setae shorter than the width of the segment, 0.011 – 0.015 mm long, LS III 0.60 – 0.88 × BD III. ANT I with 4 – 5, ANT II with 4, ANT III with 3 – 4, ANT IV with 2 – 3, ANT V with 2 – 3, ANT VI with 2 – 3 basal setae. Rostrum reaching hind coxae. URS 0.70 – 0.81 × ANT III, 0.35 – 0.37 × ANT VI, 0.35 – 0.37 × PT, 1.37 – 1.43 × BASE and 1.22 – 1.43 × HT II. Mesosternal furca fused and wide. III FEMORA with 25 – 42 pseudosensoria, bearing long, fine and pointed setae, 0.015 – 0.050 mm long, III FEMORA LS 0.84 – 1.00 × trochantero-femoral suture length. Posterior seta on hind trochanter 0.74 – 1.11 × trochantero-femoral suture length. III TIBIAE bearing long, fine and pointed setae, 0.017 – 0.045 mm long. HT II 0.50 – 0.62 × ANT III, 0.24 – 0.29 × ANT VI, 0.32 – 0.39 × PT and 1.00 – 1.12 × BASE. SIPH 1.07 – 1.12 × cauda, 0.08 – 0.09 × BL, and 0.87 – 0.96 × ANT III. Setae on ABD I – V 0.022 – 0.027 mm long, 1.10 – 1.29 × BD III. Setae on ABD VI – VIII 0.032 – 0.075 mm long, 1.88 – 2.00 × BD III. Genital plate anterior setae 0.050 – 0.055 mm long, 2.50 – 3.23 × BD III. Cauda with 6 – 10 setae. Male (n = 16). Colour in life: unknown: pigmentation on slide: head slightly sclerotized, brown. Antennae light rown to brown with yellow ANT III, basal part of ANT IV and ANT V. Legs yellow with light brown very distal parts of tibiae and tarsi. Abdomen pale with light brown to brown SIPH, cauda and anal plate (Fig. 4 b). HW 0.31 – 0.36 × ANT. Head setae 0.017 – 0.025 mm long, 1.11 – 1.33 × BD III. ANT 0.87 – 1.06 × BL. ANT III with 10 – 16 secondary rhinaria. ANT IV as long as or slightly longer than ANT V with 12 – 18 secondary rhinaria. ANT V with 11 – 13 secondary rhinaria. ANT VI with PT 2.94 – 3.28 × BASE. Other antennal ratios: VI: III 1.76 – 1.86, V: III 0.82 – 0.83, IV: III 0.82 – 0.88, PT: III 1.35 – 1.38, PT: IV 1.56 – 1.64, PT: V 1.64 – 1.66. ANT bearing very short and pointed setae. ANT III setae shorter than the width of the seg- ment, 0.011 – 0.012 mm long, LS III about 0.83 × BD III. ANT I with 4 – 5, ANT II with 4, ANT III with 4 – 5, ANT IV with 3, ANT V with 2 – 3, ANT VI with 2 basal setae. Rostrum reaching from hind coxae to ABD I. URS about 0.55 × ANT III, 0.29 – 0.31 × ANT VI, 0.40 – 0.41 × PT, 1.17 – 1.35 × BASE and 1.33 – 1.35 × HT II. III FEMORA bearing long, fine and pointed setae, 0.017 – 0.040 mm long, III FEMORA LS 1.06 – 1.08 × trochantero-femoral suture length. Posterior seta on hind trochanter 1.00 – 1.06 × trochantero-femoral suture length. III TIBIAE bearing long, fine and pointed setae, 0.012 – 0.032 mm long. HT II about 0.41 × ANT III, 0.22 – 0.23 × ANT VI, about 0.30 × PT and 0.88 – 1.00 × BASE. Abdomen with small marginal tubercles on ABD VI. SIPH 0.88 – 0.90 × cauda, 0.08 – 0.10 × BL, and 0.47 – 0.50 × ANT III. Setae on ABD I – V 0.022 – 0.027 mm long, 1.46 – 1.80 × BD III. Setae on ABD VI – VIII 0.030 – 0.052 mm long, 2.00 – 2.46 × BD III. Cauda with 5 – 6 setae.	en	Kanturski, Mariusz, Bezděk, Aleš (2019): The Knautia feeding species of Aphis (Insecta: Hemiptera: Aphididae) with notes on Aphis knautiae Holman nomen nudum. Bonn zoological Bulletin 68 (2): 189-203, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2019.68.2.189, URL: https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/2ffd22f5-95bb-359b-88b7-b8eec088ba17/
03A687E8FFDFFFF3FF60F256C052F8C6.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis From so far known Aphis species feeding on Knautia, apterous viviparous females of A. holmani sp. nov. are most similar to A. confusa by hind femora and hind trochanter setae lengths (which are longer than 0.50 × trochantero-femoral suture length) and genital plate anteri- or setae lengths (which are longer than 1.00 × BD III). Both species differ from A. thomasi in those characters (0.20 – 0.50 × trochantero-femoral suture setae length and 0.20 – 0.50 × BD III respectively). The new species differ from A. confusa by: • Pointed setae on femora, head and antennae (setae with blunt apices in A. confusa) • longer anterior setae on the genital plate, 2.25 – 2.94 × BD III (1.00 – 2.00 in A. confusa) • higher ratio of URS / HT II, 1.40 – 1.52 (1.00 – 1.22 in A. confusa) • lower ratio of PT / BASE, 1.75 – 2.20 (2.45 – 3.00 in A. confusa) • lower ratio of SIPH / cauda, 1.05 – 1.50 (1.60 – 1.88 in A. confusa) Detailed morphological differences between particular morphs of both species are given in Tables 1 and 2.	en	Kanturski, Mariusz, Bezděk, Aleš (2019): The Knautia feeding species of Aphis (Insecta: Hemiptera: Aphididae) with notes on Aphis knautiae Holman nomen nudum. Bonn zoological Bulletin 68 (2): 189-203, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2019.68.2.189, URL: https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/2ffd22f5-95bb-359b-88b7-b8eec088ba17/
03A687E8FFDFFFF3FF60F256C052F8C6.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The authors have the pleasure to give the name to honour the late Jaroslav Holman (1931 – 2014) – an outstanding European aphidologist and a long-time employee of the Biology Centre CAS in České Budějov- ice, Czech Republic.	en	Kanturski, Mariusz, Bezděk, Aleš (2019): The Knautia feeding species of Aphis (Insecta: Hemiptera: Aphididae) with notes on Aphis knautiae Holman nomen nudum. Bonn zoological Bulletin 68 (2): 189-203, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2019.68.2.189, URL: https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/2ffd22f5-95bb-359b-88b7-b8eec088ba17/
03A687E8FFDFFFF3FF60F256C052F8C6.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology and distribution. The new aphid species is associated with Knautia drymeia Heuff., from which it was collected in Central (the Czech Republic) and South-Eastern Europe (Bulgaria and Romania). It is a holocyclic aphid with the sexual phase in September.	en	Kanturski, Mariusz, Bezděk, Aleš (2019): The Knautia feeding species of Aphis (Insecta: Hemiptera: Aphididae) with notes on Aphis knautiae Holman nomen nudum. Bonn zoological Bulletin 68 (2): 189-203, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2019.68.2.189, URL: https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/2ffd22f5-95bb-359b-88b7-b8eec088ba17/
03A687E8FFDFFFF3FF60F256C052F8C6.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. HOLOTYPE: CZECH REPUB- LIC, Jihomoravský kraj, Pustý žleb, Moravský kras, 20 June 1967, on Knautia drymeia, J. Holman leg., 1 apt, 10838 B (apt. 8), IECA. PARATYPES: CZECH REPUB- LIC, the same data as in the holotype, 11 slides (1 apt on each slide), 10838 B (apt. 1 – 7, 9 – 12); Macocha, 19 May 1967, on K. drymeia, J. Holman leg., 1 apt, 10877 (apt. 1), 16 apt (two on each slide), 10877 (apt. 2 – 17), IECA, slide no apt. 2 DZUS; Pustý žleb, 22 September 1970, on K. drymeia, J. Holman leg., 40 ♀ (four on each slide), 12885 (♀ 21 – 48, ♀ 61 – 68) 6 ♀, 10877 (73 – 78); 12 ♂ (four on each slide), 12885 (♂ 1 – 12), 1 ♀, 4 ♂ (♂ 13 – 16, ♀ 49), IECA; BULGARIA, Mt. Vitoša nr. Simeno- vo, 22 May 1990, on K. drymeia, J. Holman leg., 2 apt, 21725 A (apt. 1 – 2), 4 apt, 21725 (apt. 3 – 6), 16 apt (four on each slide), 21722 B (apt. 1 – 16), 2 al, 21722 B (al. 1 – 2), 3 al, 21722 B (al. 3 – 5), IECA; ROMANIA, Băile Herculane jud. Caraş-Sev, 20 July 1976, on K. drymeia, J. Holman leg., 12 apt (six per each slide), 16309 (apt. 1 – 12), IECA.	en	Kanturski, Mariusz, Bezděk, Aleš (2019): The Knautia feeding species of Aphis (Insecta: Hemiptera: Aphididae) with notes on Aphis knautiae Holman nomen nudum. Bonn zoological Bulletin 68 (2): 189-203, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2019.68.2.189, URL: https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/2ffd22f5-95bb-359b-88b7-b8eec088ba17/
03A687E8FFDCFFF4FCC6F405C0DDFAAD.taxon	description	Figs 1, 5, 6; Supplementary table 1 Apterous viviparous female (n = 5). Colour in life: matt dirty green to olive brown (Huculak, 1968); pigmentation on slide; head sclerotized, brown. Antennae brown with yellow ANT III and basal part of ANT IV. Femora of legs brown with lighter basal parts, tibiae light brown to yellow with brown to dark brown distal and apical parts and tarsi. Abdomen yellow to light brown SIPH brown with lighter basal part, cauda and anal plate brown to dark brown (Fig. 1 c). HW 0.34 – 0.35 × ANT. Head setae 0.015 – 0.045 mm long, 0.60 – 1.00 × BD III. ANT 0.65 – 0.67 × BL. ANT IV as long as or longer than ANT V. ANT VI with PT 3.58 – 4.27 × BASE. Other antennal ratios: VI: III 2.07 – 2.11, V: III 0.61 – 0.67, IV: III 0.67 – 0.80, PT: III 1.65 – 1.67, PT: IV 2.04 – 2.47, PT: V 2.47 – 2.68. ANT bearing long, fine and pointed. ANT III setae as long as and longer than the width of the segment (Fig. 5 g), 0.030 – 0.040 mm long, LS III 1.20 – 2.00 × BD III. ANT I with 4 – 5, ANT II with 5, ANT III with 1417, ANT IV with 11 – 12, ANT V with 7, ANT VI with 2 basal setae. Rostrum reaching from hind coxae to ABD I. URS 0.57 – 0.59 × ANT III, 0.27 – 0.28 × ANT VI, 0.34 – 0.36 × PT, 1.29 – 1.45 × BASE and 1.14 – 1.19 × HT II. Mesosternal furca robust, fused and wide. III FEMORA bearing long, fine and pointed setae (Fig 5 h), 0.025 – 0.055 mm long, III FEMORA LS 1.00 – 1.10 × trochantero-femoral suture length. Posterior seta on hind trochanter about 0.90 × trochantero-femoral suture length (Fig. 5 i). III TIBIAE bearing long, fine and pointed setae, 0.050 – 0.055 mm long. HT II about 0.50 × ANT III, 0.23 – 0.24 × ANT VI, 0.29 – 0.30 × PT and 1.08 – 1.27 × BASE. Abdomen with small marginal tuber- cles on ABD IV. SIPH about 1.33 × cauda, 0.09 – 0.10 × BL, and 0.76 – 0.78 × ANT III. Setae on ABD I – V 0.010 – 0.015 mm long, 0.40 – 0.62 × BD III. Setae on ABD VI – VIII 0.015 – 0.032 mm long, 0.70 – 0.75 × BD III. Genital plate anterior setae 0.060 – 0.070 mm long, about 3.50 × BD III. Cauda with 16 – 17 setae (Fig. 6 e, f). Remarks: Despite Huculak (1968) gave short descriptions of oviparous females and males in the original description, no material has been found in the ZMPA collection. The alate viviparous females are unknown. Measurements of the specimens examined in this study vary from those given by Huculak in the original description (1968) and in Blackman & Eastop (2019). The differences are maybe due to the fact that Huculak measured more specimens which were not available for us.	en	Kanturski, Mariusz, Bezděk, Aleš (2019): The Knautia feeding species of Aphis (Insecta: Hemiptera: Aphididae) with notes on Aphis knautiae Holman nomen nudum. Bonn zoological Bulletin 68 (2): 189-203, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2019.68.2.189, URL: https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/2ffd22f5-95bb-359b-88b7-b8eec088ba17/
03A687E8FFDCFFF4FCC6F405C0DDFAAD.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype: POLAND: Trzebinia, 26 August 1967, on Knautia arvensis, L. Olesiński leg., 1 apt, APH- 1469, ZMPA; Paratype: the same data as ho- lotype, 1 apt, APH- 1479, ZMPA, 1 apt, APH- 1477; other material: Trzebinia, 01 October 1967, on K. arvensis, L. Olesiński leg., 1 apt. 2651, R 621, ZMPA;	en	Kanturski, Mariusz, Bezděk, Aleš (2019): The Knautia feeding species of Aphis (Insecta: Hemiptera: Aphididae) with notes on Aphis knautiae Holman nomen nudum. Bonn zoological Bulletin 68 (2): 189-203, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2019.68.2.189, URL: https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/2ffd22f5-95bb-359b-88b7-b8eec088ba17/
03A687E8FFDCFFF4FCC6F405C0DDFAAD.taxon	biology_ecology	Host plants. The species is known only from K. arvensis (Holman 2009). Biology. It is a monoecious and holocyclic species with sexual generation in October. The aphids form large, ant-attended colonies on the bases of stems on the plant (Huculak 1968).	en	Kanturski, Mariusz, Bezděk, Aleš (2019): The Knautia feeding species of Aphis (Insecta: Hemiptera: Aphididae) with notes on Aphis knautiae Holman nomen nudum. Bonn zoological Bulletin 68 (2): 189-203, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2019.68.2.189, URL: https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/2ffd22f5-95bb-359b-88b7-b8eec088ba17/
03A687E8FFDCFFF4FCC6F405C0DDFAAD.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Poland, Russia (Holman, 2009). Olesińs- ki & Szelegiewicz (1974) provided that this species was also found in “ Czechoslovakia ” but without existing material it was impossible to determine if it was the Czech Republic or Slovakia.	en	Kanturski, Mariusz, Bezděk, Aleš (2019): The Knautia feeding species of Aphis (Insecta: Hemiptera: Aphididae) with notes on Aphis knautiae Holman nomen nudum. Bonn zoological Bulletin 68 (2): 189-203, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2019.68.2.189, URL: https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/2ffd22f5-95bb-359b-88b7-b8eec088ba17/
03A687E8FFDBFFF5FF61F214C5BFF993.taxon	description	Apterous viviparous female (n = 12). Colour in life: straw yellow (Blackman & Eastop, 2019); pigmentation on slide: head sclerotized, light brown. Antennae light brown with pale basal half of ANT III and base of ANT IV. Tibiae of legs light brown with slightly paler basal distal parts, tibiae light brown to pale with light brown apical parts, tarsi light brown. Abdomen yellow with light brown SIPH, cauda and anal plate (Fig. 1 d). HW 0.47 – 0.58 × ANT. Head setae 0.005 – 0.010 mm long, 0.25 – 0.29 × BD III. ANT 0.49 – 0.54 × BL. ANT IV as long as or shorter than ANT V. ANT VI with PT 2.00 – 3.20 × BASE. Other antennal ra- tios: VI: III 1.42 – 2.10, V: III 0.50 – 0.69, IV: III 0.46 – 0.60, PT: III 1.00 – 1.60, PT: IV 1.90 – 2.66, PT: V 1.66 – 2.26. ANT bearing very short and blunt setae (Fig. 5 j). ANT III setae shorter than the width of the segment, 0.003 – 0.007 mm long, LS III 0.25 – 0.65 × BD III. ANT I with 3 – 6, ANT II with 3 – 5, ANT III with 4 – 6, ANT IV with 2 – 3, ANT V with 1 – 4, ANT VI with 1 – 2 basal setae. Rostrum reaching to ABD I. URS 0.65 – 0.80 × ANT III, 0.38 – 0.46 × ANT VI, 0.50 – 0.70 × PT, 1.40 – 1.60 × BASE and 1.31 – 1.66 × HT II. Mesosternal furca slightly fused, wide. III FEMORA bearing very short, rigid and blunt setae (Fig. 5 k), 0.005 – 0.007 mm long, III FEM- ORA LS 0.12 – 0.25 × trochantero-femoral suture length. Posterior seta on hind trochanter 0.18 – 0.25 × trochantero-femoral suture length (Fig. 5 l). III TIBIAE bearing short rigid and blunt setae, 0.005 – 0.025 mm long. HT II 0.43 – 0.60 × ANT III, 0.25 – 0.35 × ANT VI, 0.37 – 0.50 × PT and 0.92 – 1.20 × BASE. SIPH 1.09 – 1.60 × cauda, 0.11 – 0.16 × BL, and 0.80 – 1.53 × ANT III. Setae on ABD I – V 0.006 – 0.010 mm long, 0.30 – 0.44 × BD III. Setae on ABD VI – VIII 0.007 – 0.025 mm long, 0.37 – 0.73 × BD III. Genital plate anterior setae 0.010 – 0.035 mm long, 0.50 – 1.47 × BD III. Cauda with 6 – 8 setae. Alate viviparous female (n = 2). Colour in life: unknown; pigmentation on slide: head sclerotized, brown. Antennae yellow or light brown with paler basal parts of ANT III – VI BASE. Femora of legs uniformly light brown with pale distal parts. Tibiae pale with light brown distal parts of tibiae and light brown tarsi. Abdomen pale with light brown SIPH, cauda and anal plate (Fig. 2 c). HW 0.35 – 0.36 × ANT. Head setae 0.008 – 0.010 mm long, about 0.66 × BD III. ANT 0.62 – 0.65 × BL. ANT III with 8 – 10 secondary rhinaria. ANT IV as long as or shorter than ANT V, with 2 – 4 secondary rhi- naria. ANT V sometimes with one secondary rhinarium. ANT VI with PT 2.30 – 2.53 × BASE. Other antennal ra- tios: VI: III 1.43 – 1.52, V: III 0.59 – 0.65, IV: III 0.56 – 0.59, PT: III 1.00 – 1.09, PT: IV 1.76 – 1.84, PT: V 1.53 – 1.84. ANT bearing very short and blunt setae. ANT III setae shorter than the width of the segment, 0.005 – 0.010 mm long, LS III 0.60 – 0.66 × BD III. ANT I with 4 – 5, ANT II with 4, ANT III with 5 – 6, ANT IV with 3 – 4, ANT V with 3 – 4, ANT VI with 1 – 3 basal setae. Rostrum reach- ing hind coxae. URS 0.45 – 0.50 × ANT III, 0.31 – 0.32 × ANT VI, about 0.45 × PT, 1.05 – 1.15 × BASE and 1.22 – 1.23 × HT II. III FEMORA bearing short, rigid and blunt setae, 0.007 – 0.012 mm long, III FEMORA LS 0.31 – 0.35 × trochantero-femoral suture length. Posterior seta on hind trochanter 0.31 – 0.39 × trochantero-femoral suture length. III TIBIAE bearing short rigid and blunt setae, 0.010 – 0.022 mm long. HT II 0.36 – 0.40 × ANT III, 0.25 – 0.26 × ANT VI, 0.36 – 0.37 × PT and 0.85 – 0.94 × BASE. Abdomen with sclerite on ABD I, large marginal plates on ABD II – IV and small ones on ABD V, which is without presiphuncular sclerites. ABD VI with large postsiphuncular sclerites and very small spinal sclerite. ABD VII with wide spino-pleural plate. ABD I and VII with visible marginal tubercles (Fig. 7 c). SIPH 1.09 – 1.61 × cauda, 0.08 – 0.11 × BL, and 0.54 – 0.73 × ANT III. Setae on ABD I – V 0.007 – 0.012 mm long, 0.50 – 0.66 × BD III. Setae on ABD VI – VIII 0.010 – 0.017 mm long, about 0.66 × BD III. Genital plate anterior setae 0.012 – 0.015 mm long, 0.83 – 1.00 × BD III. Cauda with 5 – 8 setae (Fig. 7 c). Oviparous female. Description (n = 9). Colour in life: unknown; pigmentation on slide: head sclerotized, light brown. Antennae yellow or light yellow with ANT I, ANT II, ANT V and ANT VI light brown. Femora yellow or light brown with paler proximal parts. Fore and middle tibiae yellow or light brown with dark- er distal parts and tarsi. Hind tibiae light uniformly light brown or with slightly darker apical half. Abdomen yel- low with light brown SIPH, cauda and anal plate (Fig. 3 c). HW 0.51 – 0.56 × ANT. Head setae 0.005 – 0.011 mm long, 0.28 – 0.37 × BD III. ANT 0.44 – 0.48 × BL. ANT IV as long as or slightly shorter than ANT V. ANT VI with PT 2.13 – 2.56 × BASE. Other antennal ratios: VI: III 2.35 – 2.59, V: III 0.75 – 0.81, IV: III 0.60 – 0.81, PT: III 1.60 – 1.86, PT: IV 2.27 – 2.66, PT: V 2.00 – 2.27. ANT bearing very short and blunt setae. ANT III setae shorter than the width of the segment, 0.005 – 0.075 mm long, LS III 0.28 – 0.58 × BD III. ANT I with 4 – 6, ANT II with 3 – 5, ANT III with 3 – 5, ANT IV with 3, ANT V with 3 – 4, ANT VI with 2 – 3 basal setae. Rostrum reaching hind coxae. URS 0.91 – 1.10 × ANT III, 0.36 – 0.46 × ANT VI, 0.51 – 0.68 × PT, 1.29 – 1.46 × BASE and 1.31 – 1.46 × HT II. Mesoster- nal poorly visible almost separated. III FEMORA bear- ing very short, rigid and blunt setae, 0.005 – 0.010 mm long, III FEMORA LS 0.15 – 0.23 × trochantero-femoral suture length. Posterior seta on hind trochanter about 0.17 × trochantero-femoral suture length. III TIBIAE with 27 – 53 pseudosensoria, bearing short to medium in length, rigid and blunt setae, 0.007 – 0.022 mm long. HT II 0.66 – 0.75 × ANT III, 0.28 – 0.31 × ANT VI, 0.39 – 0.46 × PT and 0.94 – 1.00 × BASE. SIPH 1.13 – 1.33 × cauda, 0.10 – 0.11 × BL, and 1.25 – 1.50 × ANT III. Setae on ABD I – V 0.005 – 0.008 mm long, about 0.25 – 0.42 × BD III. Setae on ABD VI – VIII 0.010 – 0.017 mm long, 0.50 – 0.80 × BD III. Genital plate anterior setae 0.017 – 0.020 mm long, 0.87 – 1.14 × BD III. Cauda with 6 – 10 setae. Male. Description (n = 1). Colour in life: unknown; pigmentation on slide: head sclerotized, light brown. Antennae light brown with paler basal part of ANT III. Legs yellow with lighter central parts of tibiae. Abdomen pale, SIPH light brown with paler basal parts, cauda and anal genitalia light brown (Fig. 4 c). HW 0.49 – 0.52 × ANT. Head setae 0.008 – 0.010 mm long, about 0.40 × BD III. ANT 5 – segment- ed, 0.57 – 0.60 × BL. ANT III with 10, ANT IV with 1 – 3 secondary rhinaria. ANT V with PT 2.28 – 3.00 × BASE. Other antennal ratios: V: III 1.45 – 1.48, IV: III 0.48 – 0.51, PT: III 1.03 – 1.09, PT: IV 2.00 – 2.25. ANT bearing very short and blunt setae. ANT III setae shorter than the width of the segment, 0.005 – 0.006 mm long, LS III 0.30 – 0.50 × BD III. ANT I with 5, ANT II with 4, ANT III with 5 – 6, ANT IV with 3 – 4, ANT V with 1 – 2 basal setae. Rostrum reaching ABD III. URS 0.60 – 0.64 × ANT III, 0.41 – 0.43 × ANT VI, 0.55 – 0.62 × PT, 1.42 – 1.66 × BASE and about 1.42 × HT II. Mesosternal furca poorly visible, separated. III FEMORA bearing very short, rigid and blunt setae, 0.005 – 0.007 mm long, III FEMORA LS about 0.16 × trochantero-femoral suture length. Posterior seta on hind trochanter about 0.22 × trochantero-femoral suture length. III TIBIAE bearing short, rigid and blunt setae, 0.005 – 0.017 mm long. HT II 0.42 – 0.45 × ANT III, 0.29 – 0.30 × ANT V, 0.38 – 0.43 × PT and 1.00 – 1.16 × BASE. Abdomen with small marginal tubercles on ABD IV. SIPH 1.00 – 1.10 × cauda, 0.10 – 0.11 × BL, and 0.64 – 0.66 × ANT III. Setae on ABD I – V 0.007 – 0.010 mm long, 0,37 – 0.50 × BD III. Setae on ABD VI – VIII 0.010 – 0.015 mm long, 0.50 – 0.75 × BD III. Cauda with 6 setae.	en	Kanturski, Mariusz, Bezděk, Aleš (2019): The Knautia feeding species of Aphis (Insecta: Hemiptera: Aphididae) with notes on Aphis knautiae Holman nomen nudum. Bonn zoological Bulletin 68 (2): 189-203, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2019.68.2.189, URL: https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/2ffd22f5-95bb-359b-88b7-b8eec088ba17/
03A687E8FFDBFFF5FF61F214C5BFF993.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. BULGARIA: Liljanovo (10 km E of Sandenski) reg. Blagoevgrad, 28 May 1990, on Scabiosa sp., J. Holman leg., 4 apt, 21840 A (apt. 1 – 4), IECA; CZECH REPUBLIC: Luka p. Medníkem, 30 Sep- tember 1964, on S. canescens, J. Holman leg., 7 ♀, 8851 (♀ 9 – 15), IECA; POLAND: Augustów, 05 July 1967, on S. ochroleuca, S. Huculak leg., 1 apt, 1248, R 838; ZMPA; Warszawa-Bielany, 30 September 1965, on S. ochloreuca, H. Szelegiewicz leg., 5 apt, 2991, R 839, ZMPA; 2 apt, 2 ♀, 1 ♂, 2991, R 839, 363, ZMPA; UKRAINE: Čatyrdag, Krimea, 21 July 1960, on S. gramuntia (= S. trandria), J. Holman leg., 2 al, 3898 (al. 1 – 2), IECA.	en	Kanturski, Mariusz, Bezděk, Aleš (2019): The Knautia feeding species of Aphis (Insecta: Hemiptera: Aphididae) with notes on Aphis knautiae Holman nomen nudum. Bonn zoological Bulletin 68 (2): 189-203, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2019.68.2.189, URL: https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/2ffd22f5-95bb-359b-88b7-b8eec088ba17/
03A687E8FFDBFFF5FF61F214C5BFF993.taxon	biology_ecology	Host plants. Knautia arvensis, Scabiosa sp., S. argentea, S. atropurpurea, S. canescens, S. columbaria, S. comosa (= S. lachnophylla), S. ochroleuca, S. triandra (Holman, 2009), Pycnocomon rutifolium (Blackman & Eastop 2019). Biology. Aphis thomasi is a monoecious and holocyclic species with sexual phase in the end of September. The aphids live on basal parts on the host plants.	en	Kanturski, Mariusz, Bezděk, Aleš (2019): The Knautia feeding species of Aphis (Insecta: Hemiptera: Aphididae) with notes on Aphis knautiae Holman nomen nudum. Bonn zoological Bulletin 68 (2): 189-203, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2019.68.2.189, URL: https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/2ffd22f5-95bb-359b-88b7-b8eec088ba17/
03A687E8FFDBFFF5FF61F214C5BFF993.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Germany, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland, Ukraine, probably Hungary (de Jong et al. 2014).	en	Kanturski, Mariusz, Bezděk, Aleš (2019): The Knautia feeding species of Aphis (Insecta: Hemiptera: Aphididae) with notes on Aphis knautiae Holman nomen nudum. Bonn zoological Bulletin 68 (2): 189-203, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2019.68.2.189, URL: https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/2ffd22f5-95bb-359b-88b7-b8eec088ba17/
