taxonID	type	description	language	source
03A58783FF85FFBBFF4EFF5E74767DD7.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: BFA 974 A 0 - 1 CA 9 - 4 CBE-A 148 - C 1 B 5 EDFB 8800	en	Melo, Gabriel A. R. (2016): Plectoplebeia, a new Neotropical genus of stingless bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Zoologia (e 20150153) 33 (1): 1-8, DOI: 10.1590/S1984-4689zool-20150153, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-4689zool-20150153
03A58783FF85FFBBFF4EFF5E74767DD7.taxon	type_taxon	Type species: Trigona nigrifacies Friese, 1900.	en	Melo, Gabriel A. R. (2016): Plectoplebeia, a new Neotropical genus of stingless bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Zoologia (e 20150153) 33 (1): 1-8, DOI: 10.1590/S1984-4689zool-20150153, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-4689zool-20150153
03A58783FF85FFBBFF4EFF5E74767DD7.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis and Comments. At a first glance, the type species of Plectoplebeia resembles just an enlarged Plebeia. The somewhat rounded head shape, a mostly smooth, shiny integument, a relatively short body pilosity and possession of a narrow depressed rim along the posterior margin of the inner surface of the hind tibia suggest a species of Plebeia. It differs from Plebeia by a larger body size, wider distance between the clypeus and the eye, coarser punctures on the head and mesosoma, a shorter, convex scutellum, a higher number of hamuli, and by an elongate metasoma, with an unusually long first tergum. While these features suggest Mourella and Schwarziana, Plectoplebeia lacks the long plumose body pilosity, the plumose sternal fimbria, and the modified hind tibia characteristic of these two genera. Unique features of Plectoplebeia include a shallow depression on the lower portion of the frons, the very short scutellum, the elongate propodeum and metapostnotum, the rectangular first segment of the metasoma, the elongate and sinuous hindtibia, and the long wings.	en	Melo, Gabriel A. R. (2016): Plectoplebeia, a new Neotropical genus of stingless bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Zoologia (e 20150153) 33 (1): 1-8, DOI: 10.1590/S1984-4689zool-20150153, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-4689zool-20150153
03A58783FF85FFBBFF4EFF5E74767DD7.taxon	discussion	The type species of Plectoplebeia, Trigona nigrifacies, has had a brief, but convoluted taxonomic history. It was described by FRIESE (1900) from a single worker collected in Peru (“ Callanga ”). Friese refers it to Schwarziana quadripunctata (Lepeletier, 1836), an indication that could have hinted on the identity of the taxon, but the brief and limited original description was not of much help in the subsequent recognition of the species. The taxon remained completely ignored for more than a century until its mention in CAMARGO & PEDRO (2007). Based on personal communication by Claus Rasmussen, who examined the type specimen (Fig. 1), CAMARGO & PEDRO (2007: 572) attributed it to Plebeina Moure, 1961, a stingless bee genus from the Afrotropical region, and excluded the taxon from the Neotropical fauna. Indeed, the type specimen bears a label from C. Eardley, dated from 2003, as “ Plebenia [sic] denoiti (Vachal) ” (Fig. 1). Despite having examined and labeled the type specimen, EARDLEY (2004) does not mention it in his revision of the African stingless bees. Probably trusting Eardley’s identification as correct, C. Rasmussen also added a label, dated from 2007, to warn of the supposedly wrong locality data (Fig. 1). This mistaken interpretation of Friese’s species was probably triggered by where the type specimen has been placed in the ZMB collection. It has been curated under the name “ Trigona beccarii v. nigrifacies ”, a homonymous taxon described by FRIESE (1912) from Africa (Fig. 2), and likely was placed under this name by a past curator when organizing Friese’s collection following its incorporation to the ZMB. Indeed, under the name “ nigrifacies ”, referring to a stingless bee, a drawer label and catalog card have been made only for the African taxon in the ZMB collection, with the older name from South America being completely ignored. Of course, the peculiar features of this species do not suggest other better known groups of the Neotropical region and could easily mislead someone when doing a quick inspection. A new label indicating the type status was added, as well as a barcode label currently used in the ZMB for digitalization of the collection (Fig. 1). The specimen has also been moved to a new position within the drawer. As established below, Trigona (Plebeia) intermedia, a name proposed by WILLE (1960) for three workers from Bolivia, is considered a junior synonym of Friese’s Trigona nigrifacies. This synonymy is based on direct comparisons between type specimens, here illustrated in Figs. 3 - 11.	en	Melo, Gabriel A. R. (2016): Plectoplebeia, a new Neotropical genus of stingless bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Zoologia (e 20150153) 33 (1): 1-8, DOI: 10.1590/S1984-4689zool-20150153, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-4689zool-20150153
03A58783FF85FFBBFF4EFF5E74767DD7.taxon	description	Description. Worker. a) Body length about 5.5 to 6.0 mm. b) integument between punctures mostly smooth and shiny, fine rugulosity present on parts of head and mesosoma; metapostnotum with fine transverse rugulosity along basal portion and on middle of dorsal area, remainder finely areolate to reticulate. c) Body dark brown to black except for vestiture and markings described below; mesoscutum black; wing membrane light brown infumated. d) Yellow markings obscured on head, with most of mandible, broad stripe on mid of clypeus, lower parocular area and supraclypeal area dark reddish brown; on mesosoma, yellow markings as follows: a transverse stripe on pronotum, a spot on the pronotal lobe, one stripe on each side of mesoscutum, axilla, distal margin of scutellum, apex of fore femur and basis of all tibiae. e) Vestiture: erect hairs on body uniformly pale-yellow to light brown, darker on inner surface of tarsi, mostly simple, except on pronotal lobe, tegula, anterior margin of mesoscutum and along anterior portion of mesepisternum; in addition, with a fine shorter pilosity, covering the face, gena, mesoscutum, lateral mesepisternum, metepisternum and propodeum laterally, mostly erect, except for gena, mostly simple on clypeus and mesoscutum, and finely branched on remainder; metapostnotum glabrous; labial palpi with long, curled, simple setae; setae on metasomal sterna simple. f) Head ca. 1.2 x wider than long, about as wide as mesosoma; maximum interorbital distance about 1.15 x greater than length of eye; inner orbit of eye slightly convergent below, upper interorbital distance ca. 1.2 x the lower distance; upper alveolar tangent at middle of face; vertex rounded, not forming post-ocellar carina; malar space moderate, approximately 5 / 8 of diameter of third flagellomere; preoccipital ridge indicated as a low carina on upper part of head, on lateral portion rounded; gena, at side view, about as wide as compound eye. g) Clypeus 2.0 x wider than long, convex; epistomal suture, between subantennal sutures a widely open V; supraclypeal area lacking modifications, not forming a flange at each side; mid portion of lower frons, adjacent to antennal sockets, slightly depressed and forming a shallow scapal basin. h) Labrum normal. i) Mandible bidentate. j) Scape slightly longer than alveolo-ocellar distance and slightly narrower than diameter of third flagellomere; pedicel and third flagellomere, respectively, as wide as long. k) Pronotum short, ca. 0.6 x length of scutellum; anterior margin normal, not emarginate, bordered by a short translucent lamella. l) Scutellum short, 1.9 x wider than long; posterior margin semicircular, when viewed from above leaving a narrow portion of the metanotum visible; surface weakly convex along its mid line; basal fovea lacking. m) Forewings longer than body length, ca. 3.0 x length of hind tibia; pterostigma ca. 4.2 x longer than wide, 1.4 x wider than diameter of third flagellomere; marginal cell ca. 3.8 x longer than wide, lanceolate, slightly open at apex; bifurcation between M and Cu coinciding with cu-anal vein; submarginal angle between Rs and Rs + M straight, ca. 90 °; angle between M and Rs + M obtuse, ca. 120 °; first abscissa of M ca. 0.9 x length of first abscissa of Cu; submarginal cells weakly veined, first r-m almost obsolete; hind wing with jugal lobe about as long as 0.44 x vanal lobe length; hamuli 6 to 7. n) Hind tibia very long, ca. 2.8 x longer than wide; anterior margin, in side view, forming a gentle curve; postero-distal edge slightly pointed; corbicula occupying distal half, gently depressed, more strongly concave at apex; corbicular setae simple, except for tuft on distal edge; internal surface with very wide keirotrichiate area, with a narrow posterior rim, glabrous, depressed, approximately 1 / 7 the greatest width of keirotrichiate area, depressed rim gradually becoming obsolete toward basis of tibia and lacking from basal quarter of tibia; tibial comb normal, penicillum covered externally by fine curled hairs. o) Hind basitarsus ca. 0.75 x as wide as tibial width and ca. 0.6 x its own length, apex 1.3 x basal width; posterior margin sinuous, postero-distal edge projecting slightly, rounded; internal surface without basal sericeous area, hairs irregularly distributed. p) Metapostnotum conspicuously protuberant, slanted dorsal portion about 1.5 x as long as posterior vertical portion in side view. q) Metasoma moderately elongate, approximately rectangular in dorsal view; tergum 1 about 0.75 x as long as its maximum width. r) Labium normal, approximately 0.75 x as long as head length; galea much shorter than length of hind tibia. s) Nest unknown.	en	Melo, Gabriel A. R. (2016): Plectoplebeia, a new Neotropical genus of stingless bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Zoologia (e 20150153) 33 (1): 1-8, DOI: 10.1590/S1984-4689zool-20150153, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-4689zool-20150153
03A58783FF85FFBBFF4EFF5E74767DD7.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The new genus is named as a combination of plecto, from Latin meaning “ weave, twine, twist ”, with Plebeia, the name of the stingless bee genus which it resembles.	en	Melo, Gabriel A. R. (2016): Plectoplebeia, a new Neotropical genus of stingless bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Zoologia (e 20150153) 33 (1): 1-8, DOI: 10.1590/S1984-4689zool-20150153, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-4689zool-20150153
03A58783FF80FFBAFF57FD6576A5796F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis and Comments. For species diagnosis, see above “ Diagnosis and Comments ” for the genus. The species is known from only five workers collected in three different localities: Callanga, Cusco, in Peru (FRIESE 1900), Yungas del Palmar, Chapare and Mapiri, Larecaja, in Bolivia (WILLE 1960, CAMARGO 1988). Based on information provided by GADE (1999), RASMUSSEN & VIVALLO (2014) have recently pointed out that Callanga, in Peru, refers to the zone in Cusco covering the watersheds of a river under the same name and tributary of the river Madre de Dios. All three localities are within the domain of the Bolivian Yungas, an ecoregion extending from west-central Bolivia to southeastern Peru.	en	Melo, Gabriel A. R. (2016): Plectoplebeia, a new Neotropical genus of stingless bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Zoologia (e 20150153) 33 (1): 1-8, DOI: 10.1590/S1984-4689zool-20150153, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-4689zool-20150153
03A58783FF80FFBAFF57FD6576A5796F.taxon	description	Redescription. Holotype worker. Approximate body length: 5.5 mm; maximum head width: 2.33 mm; length of forewing: 6.0 mm; maximum width of T 2: 2.0 mm. Color: head and mesosoma predominantly dark brown to black, with the following yellow maculae: a narrow band on each side of the pronotal collar and a small spot on anterior portion of pronotal lobe; a narrow stripe along each side of the mesoscutum; entire dorsal portion of axilla; a broad band along posterior margin of scutellum; a small spot on the apex of the fore femur; a small spot on the basis of all three tibia, more conspicuous on the fore tibia and almost entirely obscured on the hind tibia. Reddish brown are the entire mandible, except for dark brown basis and apical margin, most of the labrum, a broad band along the midline of the clypeus and on the lower parocular area, the entire supraclypeal area, most of the pronotal lobe, the fore tarsus and the last tarsomeres of the mid and hind legs, the inner surface of the hind tibia and of the hind basitarsus. Wing veins and pterostigma brown; wing membrane very lightly brown infumated. Metasoma mostly dark brown; most of T 1, a broad semicircular band on the basis of the T 2, a smaller band on T 3 and most of the sterna reddish brown. Pubescence: predominantly pale-yellow to light brown; tarsi with brown setae; erect pilosity well developed on head and mesosoma, mostly simple, except on pronotal lobe, tegula, anterior margin of mesoscutum and along anterior portion of mesepisternum. Clypeus densely covered with short pubescence, mostly simple on upper two-thirds and plumose on lower one-third; longer erect simple setae abundant, about 2 - 3 x longer than short hairs. Entire frons with a dense pile of short plumose pubescence and sparser intermingled simple and longer hairs, longest setae on upper frons and vertex about 0.24 - 0.28 mm in length; erect setae on scape short, longest ones on upper surface about as long as diameter of scape (0.12: 0.12); upper two-thirds of gena with a dense pile of short decumbent plumose pilosity. Mesoscutum with a dense pile of short simple pubescence and sparser intermingled longer hairs; setae along anterior margin mostly plumose, longest ones about 0.36 - 0.40 mm in length, those on remainder of sclerite simple and shorter (0.18 - 0.22 mm); longest setae on scutellum about 0.40 - 0.44 mm in length. Lateral portion of mesepisternum with conspicuously long erect setae, those near wing and along omaular region mostly plumose and those on remainder of sclerite simple; also with a stratum of finely plumose hairs, which are relatively short and not very dense, leaving the integument clearly visible; metepisternum and lateral portion of propodeum with similar vestiture, shorter plumose pilosity denser compared to mesepisternum. Metapostnotum entirely glabrous. Tergum 1 mostly glabrous, with only sparse minute hairs around basal depression and on lateral portion near the spiracle; T 2 with only sparse minute hairs along marginal zone, pubescence becoming denser on lateral portion of sclerite; T 3 - T 5 with pubescence restricted to marginal zone, forming a band of relatively short, mostly erect, simple setae, longest setae with 0.12 - 0.14 mm in length; pubescence of T 6 mostly similar to that of T 3 - T 5, its posterior margin, when seen from above, with a fringe of dense and short plumose hairs. Sterna with erect simple hairs, most of them with a gently curved apex; longest setae on S 2 with 0.34 - 0.38 mm in length. Integumental surface: clypeus and supraclypeal area finely reticulate-rugulose and somewhat dull, piligerous punctures not evident. Lower parocular area smooth and shiny, except for fine piligerous punctures. Frons with relatively coarse punctures; puncture density about 1 - 3 pd on mid portion and upper frons; mid portion of frons, above antennal alveoli, upper frons around ocelli and vertex finely rugulose and somewhat dull; integument around basis of longer setae on upper frons and vertex distinctly raised in relation to remainder of surface; punctures on gena about as coarse as those on frons, but denser (about 0.5 - 1 pd). Punctures on mesoscutum with size and density similar to those on frons, interspace between them mostly smooth and shiny, except for conspicuous reticulation along anterior margin and along lateral yellow stripe; punctures on scutellum slightly larger and sparser than those on mesoscutum, interspace smooth and shiny, except for finely rugulose and somewhat dull integument along posterior margin of sclerite. Mesepisternum laterally mostly shiny, surface sparsely punctate and with some irregular and weak reticulation, integument around basis of longer setae distinctly raised in relation to remainder of surface; metepisternum finely rugulose-reticulate, somewhat dull. Punctures on lateral portion of propodeum with size and density similar to those on gena, interspace between smooth to finely reticulated; surface of posterior portion mostly shiny and finely reticulated. Metapostnotum finely rugulose-striate and mostly dull along anterior margin, remainder finely reticulate and mostly shiny. Outer surface of hind tibia finely reticulated and somewhat dull on basal one-third, reticulation gradually becoming weaker on remainder of surface, apical one-third entirely smooth and shiny. Terga mostly shiny, with fine reticulation visible along marginal zone of T 1, on posterior half of T 2 and on visible portions of T 3 - T 6. Structure (measurements in mm): head about 1.2 x wider than long (2.33: 1.90); inner orbits slightly converging below (upper to lower interorbital distance, 1.55: 1.27); clypeus 2.0 x wider than long (1.13: 0.57); F 2 wider than long (0.15: 0.125), and F 3 as long as wide (0.15: 0.15); minimum distance between clypeus and eye about 0.83 x the width of F 2 (0.125: 0.15); malar space about 0.67 x as long as F 2 width (0.10: 0.15); eye about 2.8 x longer than its maximum width (1.48: 0.53), in side view about as wide as gena (0.43: 0.43). Intertegular distance subequal to mesoscutum length (1.50: 1.43); scutellum about 1.9 x wider than long (0.97: 0.50), relatively short and not completely hiding the mid portion of metanotum in dorsal view, basal fovea lacking, but with a shallow emargination on the center of the slanted anterior margin. Hind wings with 6 hamuli. Corbicular depression occupying about distal half of hind tibia; anterior border of apex of tibia not raised in relation to remainder of surface; anterior margin of hind tibia following a gentle curve in side view.	en	Melo, Gabriel A. R. (2016): Plectoplebeia, a new Neotropical genus of stingless bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Zoologia (e 20150153) 33 (1): 1-8, DOI: 10.1590/S1984-4689zool-20150153, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-4689zool-20150153
03A58783FF80FFBAFF57FD6576A5796F.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined. Holotype worker of Trigona nigrifacies (ZMB), “ Peru \ Callanga \ 98 ” “ Trigona [worker symbol] \ nigrifacies \ 1900 Friese det. \ Fr. ”, “ Type ” (plus additional labels, as shown in Fig. 1). The specimen is in good condition, except for lacking the right hind leg; the left mid leg is also broken between the femur and trochanter and has been glued back. Paratype worker of Trigona (Plebeia) intermedia (DZUP), “ Yungas del Pal- \ mar Boliva [sic] VI \ 10 - 1950 Zischka ” “ KU ” “ Paratype \ Trigona intermedia \ A. Wille ”.	en	Melo, Gabriel A. R. (2016): Plectoplebeia, a new Neotropical genus of stingless bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Zoologia (e 20150153) 33 (1): 1-8, DOI: 10.1590/S1984-4689zool-20150153, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-4689zool-20150153
03A58783FF80FFBAFF57FD6576A5796F.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Northern portion of the Yungas, in Bolivia (Chapare, Larecaja) and Peru (Cusco).	en	Melo, Gabriel A. R. (2016): Plectoplebeia, a new Neotropical genus of stingless bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Zoologia (e 20150153) 33 (1): 1-8, DOI: 10.1590/S1984-4689zool-20150153, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-4689zool-20150153
