identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03A520641B68057C6AA48BDDFF7FF17E.text	03A520641B68057C6AA48BDDFF7FF17E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rheocricotopus emeiensis Wang & Zheng 1989	<div><p>Rheocricotopus emeiensis Wang &amp; Zheng, 1989</p><p>(Figs 1A; 2; 3)</p><p>Examined material. 2 larvae (SHOU &amp; BOLD sample ID: CHLA517, CHLA557): China, Sichuan, Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Huidong, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=102.584&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.485" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 102.584/lat 26.485)">Canyuhezhen</a>, 26.485°N, 102.584°E, 1406 m a.s.l., hand net, 24.X.2019, leg. Xin-Yu Ge; 1 Larva (SHOU &amp; BOLD sample ID: CHLA549): China, Sichuan, Yibin, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.958&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.932" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.958/lat 26.932)">Pingshan</a>, 26.932°N, 99.958°E, 1783 m a.s.l., hand net, 19.X.2019, leg. Xin-Yu Ge; 1 Larva (SHOU &amp; BOLD sample ID: CHLA1007): China, Hainan, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.524&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.346" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.524/lat 18.346)">Sanya</a>, 18.346°N, 109.524°E, 21 m a.s.l., hand net, 25.IV.2022, leg. Hong-Ying Sun; 1 Larva (SHOU &amp; BOLD sample ID: CHLA1021): China, Hainan, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.451&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.388" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.451/lat 18.388)">Sanya</a>, 18.388°N, 109.451°E, 169 m a.s.l., hand net, 16. VI.2022, leg. Hong-Ying Sun; 1 Larva (SHOU &amp; BOLD sample ID: XL2803): China, Guizhou, Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=108.06&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.444" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 108.06/lat 26.444)">Leishan</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=108.06&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.444" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 108.06/lat 26.444)">Leigongshan Natural Reserve</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=108.06&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.444" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 108.06/lat 26.444)">Guluncun</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=108.06&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.444" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 108.06/lat 26.444)">Yegongzhai</a>, 26.444°N, 108.060°E, 786 m a.s.l., hand net, 22.VIII.2019, leg. Hai-Jun Yu; 1 Larva (SHOU &amp; BOLD sample ID: ZJ921): China, Zhejiang, Wenzhou, Yueqing, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=120.991455&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.299883" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 120.991455/lat 28.299883)">Furong</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=120.991455&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.299883" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 120.991455/lat 28.299883)">Benjue</a> temple, 28.299883°N, 120.991455°E, 64 m a.s.l., hand net, 31.III.2019, leg. Xiao-Long Lin; 5 larvae (SHOU &amp; BOLD sample ID: NLCH796, NLCH804, NLCH812, NLCH813, NLCH814): China, Jiangxi, Ganzhou, Longnan, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=114.446&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 114.446/lat 24.583)">Jiulianshan National Nature Reserve</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=114.446&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 114.446/lat 24.583)">Daqiutian</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=114.446&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 114.446/lat 24.583)">Qiu River</a>, 24.583°N, 114.446°E, 400 m a.s.l., hand net, 21.VIII.2020, leg. Xiao-Long Lin. 2 larvae (SHOU &amp; BOLD sample ID: HJR230, HJR246): China, Hubei, Shiyan, Zhushan, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=110.297&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 110.297/lat 32.335)">Loutai</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=110.297&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 110.297/lat 32.335)">Qinyu River</a>, 32.335°N, 110.297°E, 400 m a.s.l., hand net, 19.VII.2020, leg. Zhen-Yuan Liu. 1 Larva (SHOU &amp; BOLD sample ID: HJR298): China, Shaanxi, Shangluo, Shangzhou, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.844&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.681" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.844/lat 33.681)">Yancun</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.844&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.681" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.844/lat 33.681)">Jinqian River</a>, 33.681°N, 109.844°E, 978 m a.s.l., hand net, 19.VII.15, leg. Zhen-Yuan Liu.</p><p>Description. Fourth instar larva (n = 8).</p><p>Total length 3.3−5.6, 4.3 mm. Body yellow with brown thoracic striations.</p><p>Head Capsule (Fig. 2A). Length 353−435, 388 μm, width 250–311, 281 μm, length/width 1.24−1.46, 1.33; mental and mandibular teeth dark brown.</p><p>Antenna (Figs 2B, 3A). Composed of one basal segment bearing five antennal segments. Segment 1 demonstrates significant elongation and an increased diameter compared to segment 2, with segment 2 exceeding the length of segments 3−5. Segment 5 marginally surpasses segment 4 in linear extension. Blade length 21−27, 24 μm. Lauterborn organ clearly visible on segment 3. Antennal segment length (in μm): 47−61, 54; 17−23, 19; 3−7, 5; 4−6, 5; 4−7, 6. AR: 1.30–1.83, 1.54. AAR: 0.34−0.58, 0.42. LOR: 0.22−0.33, 0.27.</p><p>Mandible (Figs 2C, 3B). The mandible has one apical tooth and three inner teeth, and the length of the apical tooth is slightly less than the total width of the three inner teeth. Seta interna 5–6 branches, simple. Mandible 91−117, 102 μm long and 24−28, 26 μm wide. Seta subdentalis 8−10, 9 μm.</p><p>Labrum. Pecten epipharyngis has three teeth; the middle tooth is straight, while the teeth on both sides are more curved. The three teeth are of comparable length, but the teeth on both sides are wider than the middle teeth. SI is bifurcated and other sensory bristles are simple. Premandible (Fig 3C) is single, and it only has one apical tooth without clear seta interna or inner teeth. Premandible length 49−60, 55 μm. premandibular apical tooth length 13−19, 15 μm.</p><p>Mentum (Figs 2D, 3D). The mentum exhibits a bilaterally symmetrical structure comprising two median teeth, two accessory teeth, and five paired lateral teeth.The ventromental plate demonstrates prominent developmental characteristics, featuring a rounded basal configuration that collectively forms a distinct tear-shaped morphology. Mental setae present as robust chaetae, predominantly distributed along the mental extension. Submental setae are positioned in a ventral orientation relative to the mentum. Mentum median teeth 21−24, 22 μm long. VMp distance ventromental plate 32−45, 41 μm. VMp/MMT 1.51−2.86, 1.95. Mentum 77−92, 85 μm long. Postmentum 114−143, 125 μm long.</p><p>Body. Procercus 18−22, 20 μm wide and 26−30, 28 μm long. Anal tubules are shorter than posterior parapods and the average length is around 127 μm. The average length of claws is 51 μm.</p><p>Remarks. The larva of R. emeiensis can be distinguished from other related species by AR: 1.30−1.83, AAR: 0.34−0.58, LOR: 0.22−0.33, short antennal lobe, SI bifurcated, the mentum with two median teeth, large mental accessory teeth, and light postmentum color.</p><p>Distribution. China (Guangdong, Guizhou, Hubei, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang), Thailand, Vietnam.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A520641B68057C6AA48BDDFF7FF17E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Chen, Jia-Yu;Zhang, Zhi-Chao;Lin, Xiao-Long	Chen, Jia-Yu, Zhang, Zhi-Chao, Lin, Xiao-Long (2025): Description of the larval morphology of Rheocricotopus emeiensis and R. taiwanensis (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa 5647 (4): 387-394, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5647.4.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5647.4.6
03A520641B6C057E6AA48CC2FC12F1B2.text	03A520641B6C057E6AA48CC2FC12F1B2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rheocricotopus taiwanensis Wang, Yan & Maa 2004	<div><p>Rheocricotopus taiwanensis Wang, Yan &amp; Maa, 2004</p><p>(Figs 1B; 4; 5)</p><p>Examined material. 1 Larva (SHOU &amp; BOLD sample ID: HJR297): China, Shaanxi, Shangluo, Shangzhou, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.844&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.681" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.844/lat 33.681)">Yancun</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.844&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.681" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.844/lat 33.681)">Jinqian River</a>, 33.681°N, 109.844°E, 978 m a.s.l., hand net, 15.VII.2019, leg. Zhen-Yuan Liu.</p><p>Description. Fourth instar larva (n = 1).</p><p>Total length 4.4 mm. Body yellow with brown thoracic striations.</p><p>Head Capsule (Fig. 4A). Length 370 μm, width 308 μm, length/width 1.20; mental and mandibular teeth dark brown.</p><p>Antenna (Fig. 5A). Composed of one basal segment bearing five antennal segments. Segment 5 is slightly longer than segment 4. Segment 1 significantly longer and thicker than segment 2. Lauterborn organ clearly visible, shorter than segment 3. Blade length 25 μm. Ring organ located at basal segment margin. Antennal segment length (in μm): 15; 63; 22; 6; 9; 4. AR: 1.55. AAR: 0.25. LOR: 0.16.</p><p>Mandible (Figs 4B, 5B). Apical tooth with three inner teeth, apical tooth length slightly less than combined inner teeth width. Seta interna with five branches. Mandible length 125 μm; width 28 μm; seta subdentalis length 8 μm.</p><p>Labrum. Pecten epipharyngis with three teeth: median tooth straight, lateral teeth distinctly curved. All teeth are comparable in length, lateral teeth broader than median teeth. SI bifurcated and other sensory bristles single. Premandible (Figs 4C, 5C) single-toothed apically, lacking seta interna or inner teeth. Premandible length 55 μm; premandible teeth 25 μm.</p><p>Mentum (Figs 4D, 5D). 2 median teeth, 2 accessory teeth, 5 lateral tooth pairs. Ventromental plate well-developed with rounded base (teardrop-shaped). Mental setae robust, primarily on mental extension. Setae submenti submental. Median teeth length 38 μm; VMp width 56 μm; VMp/MMT: 1.46; mentum length 117 μm; postmentum 110 μm.</p><p>Remarks. The larva of R. taiwanensis can be distinguished from other related species by AR: 1.55, AAR: 0.25, LOR: 0.16, the small accessory teeth of the mentum, short antennal lobe, and the dark colored postmentum.</p><p>Distribution. China (Guizhou, Hubei, Shaanxi, Taiwan, Zhejiang).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A520641B6C057E6AA48CC2FC12F1B2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Chen, Jia-Yu;Zhang, Zhi-Chao;Lin, Xiao-Long	Chen, Jia-Yu, Zhang, Zhi-Chao, Lin, Xiao-Long (2025): Description of the larval morphology of Rheocricotopus emeiensis and R. taiwanensis (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa 5647 (4): 387-394, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5647.4.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5647.4.6
