identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03A8B71CFFA8FF8CD6A2F9A2FB34FC12.text	03A8B71CFFA8FF8CD6A2F9A2FB34FC12.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cynorkis Thouars 1809	<div><p>Cynorkis Thouars (1809: 317)</p><p>Cynorkis fastigiata Thouars (1822: tab. 13), nom. cons., Du Puy et al. (1999: 113), Hsu (2016: 369, photos), Lin (2019: 124, photos), Hermans &amp; Cribb (2021: 103, fig. 50).</p><p>(Fig. 1)</p><p>Type: — Sine loc., Thouars s.n. (lectotype, designated by Hermans &amp; Cribb (2021: 103): P P00102259 http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/ mnhn/p/p00102259).</p><p>= C. seychellarum Averyanov (1983: 1566, fig. 1), Averyanov &amp; Kudryavtzeva (1987: 77). Type: — SEYCHELLES. Praslin Island, on a wet clay cliff towards the highway in forest, 21 July 1981, N.N. Tzvelev 318 (holotype LE LE00011103 https://en.herbariumle. ru/?t=occ&amp;id=52372).</p><p>Habitat and phenology in Vietnam: —Terrestrial tuberiferous herb growing on wet lateritic soil in rather open places. Flowers in June.</p><p>Distribution: —The Comoros, Madagascar, the Seychelles, Reunion, Mauritius. Alien weed species in Vietnam (Lam Dong Province: near Dalat City), Taiwan (Hsu 2016, Lin 2019, Chang-Yang et al. 2022), Fiji (Vanua Levu, Viti Levu; Renz &amp; Vodonaivalu 1989) and Wallis and Futuna Islands (Morat &amp; Veillon 1985).</p><p>Conservation status in Vietnam: —Weed alien species that does not need any conservation actions.</p><p>Notes: — Cynorkis fastigiata was observed in a single location, wildly growing at and near the territory of a private orchid garden near Dalat City (Lam Dong Province in southern Vietnam). The appearance of this species in Vietnam is an unexpected introduction, apparently resulted from the import of this and various other living ornamental orchids from abroad. This is probably the only appropriately documented alien invasive orchid species in the flora of Vietnam recorded during the recent years. According to our personal observation that is in line with the notes provided by Lin (2019), this species can easily spread in suitable conditions by self-seeding and continues to grow stable as a weed in clumps with other cultivated plants.</p><p>A remarkable record of an alien orchid species in a natural habitat in Vietnam was made more than 30 years ago by Haager (1993), who has documented (by a photo only) Chamaeangis vesicata (Lindley 1843: 6) Schlechter (1918: 109) native to tropical Africa. As it is evident from the absence of subsequent reports, this species probably has not established an essential invasion in Vietnam.</p><p>Studied specimens:— FIJI. Viti Levu, northern portion of Evans Range, between Mt. Vatu-Yanitu and Mt. Natondra, elevation 700–900 m, terrestrial in tall grass, frequent but inconspicuous and scattered on reed-covered hillsides, 9–12 May 1947, Smith A.C. 4336 (LE LE01254630 https://en.herbariumle.ru/?t=occ&amp;id=218332). FIJI. Viti Levu, southwestern Pacific Ocean, 6 September 1971, A. Takhtajan s.n. (LE LE01254628 https://en.herbariumle.ru/?t=occ&amp;id=218330). VIETNAM. Weed terrestrial tuberiferous plant in private orchid garden in Lam Dong Province, near Dalat City, flowers light pink, 15 June 2023, Nguyen Van Canh, AL2468 (LE LE01253750 https://en.herbariumle. ru/?t=occ&amp;id=211950, photos LE LE01124740 https://en.herbariumle.ru/?t=occ&amp;id=208248).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A8B71CFFA8FF8CD6A2F9A2FB34FC12	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Averyanov, Leonid V.;Nguyen, Van Canh;Le, Tuan Anh;Vuong, Truong Ba;Nuraliev, Maxim S.;Maisak, Tatiana V.;Yudova, Daria A.;Nguyen, Cuong Huu;Nong, Duy Van	Averyanov, Leonid V., Nguyen, Van Canh, Le, Tuan Anh, Vuong, Truong Ba, Nuraliev, Maxim S., Maisak, Tatiana V., Yudova, Daria A., Nguyen, Cuong Huu, Nong, Duy Van (2024): New orchids in the flora of Vietnam IX (Orchidaceae: Orchidoideae, tribes Cranichideae and Orchideae). Phytotaxa 664 (4): 229-248, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.664.4.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.664.4.1
03A8B71CFFABFF8BD6A2F8EAFB16FB4E.text	03A8B71CFFABFF8BD6A2F8EAFB16FB4E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Diphylax Hooker 1889	<div><p>Diphylax Hooker (1889: t. 1865)</p><p>≡ Platanthera subgen. Platanthera sect. Diphylax (Hook.f.) Efimov (2016: 29) .</p><p>Diphylax urceolata (C.B.Clarke) Hooker (1889: t. 1865), Jain &amp; Mehrotra (1984: 52), Deva &amp; Naithani (1986: 119, Fig. 55), Chen &amp; Tsi (1998: 38), Bose et al. (1999: 220, drawing), Hynniewta et al. (2000: 159, fig. 48), Pearce &amp; Cribb (2002: 139), Chen et al. (2009a: 186, photo, 2009b: 118, Fig. 165 (10, 11)), Raskoti (2009: 111), Xu et al. (2010: 91).</p><p>(Fig. 2 &amp; 3)</p><p>≡ Habenaria urceolata Clarke (1889: 73, t. 30), Hooker (1890: 165), King &amp; Pantling (1898: 316, pl. 415), Banerji (1996: 25).</p><p>≡ Platanthera urceolata (C.B.Clarke) Bateman (2009: 439), Rokaya et al. (2013: 544), Jalal &amp; Jayanthi (2015: 48), Efimov (2016: 29, fig. 3C, 60A), Zhou et al. (2016: 116), Lidén &amp; Bharali (2019: 173), Aung et al. (2020: 99), Ormerod et al. (2021: 208), Prasad (2023: 44).</p><p>Type: — INDIA . Nagaland: Naga Hills, Jakpho, 9000 ft. [2743 m], 25 October 1885, C. B. Clarke 41272 (lectotype, designated by Efimov (2016: 133): K K000247409 (duplicate 41272c) photo! https://data.kew.org/records/occurrences/b9209d5c-c90c-4a8a-b8f0- fe481aef2437 ; isolectotypes: BM 000034631 (duplicate 41272b) photo! https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/5e2f826e-ea96-46be-9f5aae821a548a7f, CAL CAL0000000732 (duplicate 41272a) photo!). Citation of protologue: —“Jakpho, alt. 9000 feet [n. 41272]” .</p><p>Habitat and phenology in Vietnam: —Evergreen broad-leaved forests on granite at elevation of about 2500 m a.s.l., very rare. Flowers in August–September.</p><p>Distribution: — Vietnam (Lao Cai Province: Bat Xat District). Nepal, Bhutan, NE India, SW China (Tibet, Sichuan, Yunnan), N Myanmar.</p><p>Conservation status in Vietnam: — Diphylax urceolata is known in the country from a single location in the northern part of Lao Cai Province (Bat Xat District), without any records about the habitat of this population. In accordance with the scarcity of available data, we estimate the national conservation status of the species as Data Deficient (DD). Its conservation status outside Vietnam has never been evaluated.</p><p>Notes: — Efimov (2016) stated that two collections are mentioned in the protologue of Habenaria urceolata (Clarke 1889), Clarke 41272 and Clarke 10244. This statement was probably based on the treatment by Pearce &amp; Cribb (2002), who indicated these two gatherings as “ syntypes ”. However, the protologue actually cites a single gathering, Clarke 41272, without indication of a place of its deposition. Thus, Efimov’s choice between the two gatherings has no nomenclatural significance, but his treatment still provides a valid designation of a particular specimen among the duplicates of Clarke 41272 as a lectotype. In addition, Efimov (2016) erroneously indicated the duplicate 41272b to be housed at K, and this error was reproduced by Prasad (2023); this duplicate is confirmed here to be kept at BM.</p><p>Diphylax urceolata is reported here as a new record for the flora of Vietnam, representing the first record of the genus Diphylax in the country. The discovery of this highland species in Vietnam notably expands its known distribution area by more than 600 km in the southeast direction from the nearest locations of this species in northern Myanmar and western Yunnan (listed by Efimov 2016).</p><p>The flower structure of D. urceolata (which is a type species of the genus Diphylax) makes this species, along with the several others placed traditionally in this genus or listed under Platanthera sect. Diphylax (see Ormerod 2013, Efimov 2016), morphologically distinct from all the other genera of the subtribe Orchidinae, including Platanthera Richard (1817: 20) s.str. Diphylax is characterized by two unique features. The first feature is the lip divided into a proximal part (hypochile), which is rather thin, cymbiform, or even tubular due to the involute margins, and a distal part (epichile) in the form of a thick, solid body with a rough or obscurely grooved adaxial surface (in the rest of Orchidinae, the lip is never distinctly divided into hypochile and epichile). The second feature is the filiform erect auricles (staminodes) placed at each side of the column that are as long as or a little longer than the anther (in the rest of Orchidinae, the auricles are semiglobular, ovoid or absent). These characters are well documented for the species of Diphylax (e.g. Clarke 1889, Pearce &amp; Cribb 2002, Chen et al. 2009b, Efimov 2016). Thus, the morphological evidence, to our opinion, disagrees with the proposed merging of Diphylax with Platanthera (Bateman 2009, Efimov 2016), but rather supports recognition of Diphylax at the generic rank.</p><p>Simultaneously with the specimen of D. urceolata cited below, a gathering Nguyen Van Canh et al. AL2440a (LE LE01254640 https://en.herbariumle.ru/?t=occ&amp;id=218341) was collected, which somewhat resembles Platanthera anatina Ormerod (2013: 27, see also Efimov 2016: 135) in the plant habit. Platanthera anatina apparently belongs to the genus Diphylax, but a corresponding nomenclatural combination is not available for this species. Moreover, P. anatina does not show any sufficient differences from D. urceolata in floral morphology, and these two species are believed to differ from each other mainly in characteristics of the vegetative organs (Efimov 2016). Consequently, we argue that P. anatina is possibly conspecific with D. urceolata . We therefore currently maintain the species identity of the specimen Nguyen Van Canh et al. AL2440a as uncertain. At the same time, the Vietnamese specimen of D. urceolata (cited below) differs from the typical D. urceolata in having a very short, indistinct connective extension (vs. extension prominent, apiculate or acuminate) and a large, rather fleshy, bilobulate rostellum, scarious along the margin (vs. rostellum entire, very small and indistinct). Taking into consideration these morphological differences, we suppose that the Vietnamese specimen represents a separate variety well isolated geographically.</p><p>Studied specimen:— VIETNAM. Lao Cai Province: Bat Xat District, evergreen forest at elevation of about 2500 m a.s.l., living plants collected in October 2023 by Nguyen Van Canh, cultivated in private garden of Nguyen Van Canh, herbarium specimen made on 3 November 2023, Nguyen Van Canh, L. Averyanov, T. Maisak, AL2440 (LE LE01254626 https://en.herbariumle.ru/?t=occ&amp;id=217577, drawing LE LE01124835 https://en.herbariumle.ru/?t=occ&amp;id=220669, photos LE LE01124840 https://en.herbariumle.ru/?t=occ&amp;id=221927).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A8B71CFFABFF8BD6A2F8EAFB16FB4E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Averyanov, Leonid V.;Nguyen, Van Canh;Le, Tuan Anh;Vuong, Truong Ba;Nuraliev, Maxim S.;Maisak, Tatiana V.;Yudova, Daria A.;Nguyen, Cuong Huu;Nong, Duy Van	Averyanov, Leonid V., Nguyen, Van Canh, Le, Tuan Anh, Vuong, Truong Ba, Nuraliev, Maxim S., Maisak, Tatiana V., Yudova, Daria A., Nguyen, Cuong Huu, Nong, Duy Van (2024): New orchids in the flora of Vietnam IX (Orchidaceae: Orchidoideae, tribes Cranichideae and Orchideae). Phytotaxa 664 (4): 229-248, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.664.4.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.664.4.1
03A8B71CFFACFF88D6A2FB18FA3AFB06.text	03A8B71CFFACFF88D6A2FB18FA3AFB06.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Disperis Swartz 1800	<div><p>Disperis Swartz (1800: 218)</p><p>Disperis neilgherrensis Wight (1851: 15, tab. 1719), Hooker (1890: 169), Fischer (1928: 1478), Bose &amp; Bhattacharjee (1980: 244), Jain &amp; Mehrotra (1984: 52), Joseph (1987: 37, Pl. 16), Bose et al. (1999: 224, drawing), Kurzweil (2005: 145, fig. 1), Kurzweil &amp; Manning (2005: 174), Chen et al. (2009a: 188, photo, 2009b: 165, fig. 223 (1, 2), 224), Xu et al. (2010: 120, photo), Pedersen et al. (2011a: 56, fig. 28), Gao et al. (2013: 139, photo), Lin &amp; Wang (2014: 370, figs. A–C), Lin et al. (2016: 95), Zhou et al. (2016: 53), Kang et al. (2019: 98, fig. 1C, D), Aung et al. (2020: 83), Ormerod et al. (2021: 126), Jin et al. (2023: 117, figs. 1, 2).</p><p>(Fig. 4)</p><p>Lectotype (designated by Kurzweil (2005: 145):— INDIA . [Tamil Nadu State: Coimbatore, Nilgiri Hills,] R. Wight 3018 (K K000827269 photo! https://data.kew.org/records/occurrences/1fe176f5-0413-4d47-a8ff-ee4ab615b72d, K000827270; isolectotypes: C, GH 00098943 photo! https://kiki.huh.harvard.edu/databases/specimen_search.php?mode=details&amp;id=46057, GOET GOET008394 photo!, LE LE01254354! https://en.herbariumle.ru/?t=occ&amp;id=216684, M M0225994 photo!, P P00362244 photo! http://coldb. mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00362244, P00362245 photo! http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00362245, S S07- 1697 photo! https://herbarium.nrm.se/specimens/ S07-1697, W, ZT ZT-00014369 photo!). Citation of protologue: —“Neilgherries in woods on large mossy stones, and moist loose vegetable soil”.</p><p>= D. javanica Smith (1914: 19), Comber (1990: 71). Type: — INDONESIA. Java, Lawoe, near Djogorogo, ca. 900 m, February 1913, C.A. Backer 6765 (BO fide Kurzweil 2005).</p><p>= D. siamensis Rolfe ex Downie (1925: 422), Seidenfaden &amp; Smitinand (1959: 53), Seidenfaden (1969: 101, fig. 1, 1977: 139, fig. 89), Chen &amp; Tsi (1998: 41), Su (2000: 857), Yokota (2016: 225). Type: — THAILAND. [Chiang Mai Province:] Doi Suthep, deciduous jungle, flowers white with violet markings, 2200–3000 ft [660–900 m], 27 August 1911, A.F.G. Kerr 1987 (lectotype, designated by Seidenfaden (1969: 101): K K000827015 photo! https://data.kew.org/records/occurrences/a1d5f431-01ab-4de7-a202-bbcb4bedf560; isolectotype: C C10016216 photo!).</p><p>= D. lantauensis Hu (1972: 17), Chen &amp; Tsi (1998: 41), Chen et al. (1999: 194, photo, 2007: 194, photo, as “ nantauensis ”), Hu &amp; Kong (2011: 306). Type: — CHINA. Hong Kong: Lantau Island, Sunset Peak, 900 m, tiny plants buried in grasses, 30 July 1970, S.Y. Hu 10812 (holotype possibly A, indicated as “AA”).</p><p>Habitat and phenology in Vietnam: —Lowland evergreen broad-leaved forests at elevation of about 700 m a.s.l. Flowers in July–August.</p><p>Distribution: — Vietnam (Quang Tri Province: Huong Hoa District). India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Japan (the Ryukyu Islands), China (Yunnan, Hong Kong, Taiwan), Thailand, the Philippines, Java, Flores, the Maluku Islands, the Caroline Islands, New Guinea.</p><p>Conservation status in Vietnam: —Comprehensive conservation assessment of Disperis neilgherrensis is complicated by the scarcity of information about its single known Vietnamese population. We estimate the national conservation status of the species as Critically Endangered (CR) in accordance with the following formal IUCN criteria: B1a,b(i-v)+B2a,d(i-v), D1. Jin et al. (2023) assessed the status of this species as Near Threatened (NT) but have not provided any details or reasons for their decision.</p><p>Notes: —The protologue of Disperis siamensis (Downie 1925) cites a single gathering, Kerr 1987, without indication of a place of its deposition. Seidenfaden (1969) cited this gathering as “ Kerr 1987 C!, K, type ”. As follows from the other examples from the Seidenfaden’s paper (e.g. pp. 125, 127, 138), he put the word “ type ” directly after the acronym of the herbarium of the type deposition, designating a specimen in a particular herbarium (rather than the entire gathering) as a type. Seidenfaden’s study therefore fulfills the conditions of lectotypification (Art. 7.11 of ICN, Turland et al. 2018). Among the K collections, we have found a single specimen belonging to this gathering, K000827015.</p><p>Disperis neilgherrensis is reported here as a new record for the flora of Vietnam, representing the first record of the genus Disperis in the country. The discovery of this species in Vietnam was highly expectable, as the country lies within the outlines of the global area of the species occurrence. Although about a dozen of species of Disperis have been described from Asia and Australasia, Kurzweil (2005) demonstrated that they actually represent a single variable species. The rest of the species diversity of the genus is confined to the African region. The collection from Vietnam reported here is morphologically very close to the other known records from mainland Southeast Asia illustrated, for instance, by Pedersen et al. (2011a) and Jin et al. (2023).</p><p>Studied specimen:— VIETNAM. Quang Tri Province: Huong Hoa District, Huong Phung Commune, Chenh Venh Stream, 16°46’44.1’’N 106°35’02.0’’E, ca. 700 m a.s.l., 6 August 2023, Tuan Anh Le, LTA 993 (LE LE01253749 https://en.herbariumle.ru/?t=occ&amp;id=211949, photos LE LE01124302 https://en.herbariumle.ru/?t=occ&amp;id=186707).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A8B71CFFACFF88D6A2FB18FA3AFB06	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Averyanov, Leonid V.;Nguyen, Van Canh;Le, Tuan Anh;Vuong, Truong Ba;Nuraliev, Maxim S.;Maisak, Tatiana V.;Yudova, Daria A.;Nguyen, Cuong Huu;Nong, Duy Van	Averyanov, Leonid V., Nguyen, Van Canh, Le, Tuan Anh, Vuong, Truong Ba, Nuraliev, Maxim S., Maisak, Tatiana V., Yudova, Daria A., Nguyen, Cuong Huu, Nong, Duy Van (2024): New orchids in the flora of Vietnam IX (Orchidaceae: Orchidoideae, tribes Cranichideae and Orchideae). Phytotaxa 664 (4): 229-248, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.664.4.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.664.4.1
03A8B71CFFAFFF87D6A2FAC3FAEDFE48.text	03A8B71CFFAFFF87D6A2FAC3FAEDFE48.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Habenaria Willdenow 1805	<div><p>Habenaria Willdenow (1805: 44)</p><p>Habenaria siamensis Schlechter (1906: 82), Gagnepain &amp; Guillaumin (1934: 607), Seidenfaden &amp; Smitinand (1959: 30) pro parte, Seidenfaden (1977: 130, fig. 82), Chen et al. (2009b: 148, fig. 191 (4–6)), Kurzweil (2009: 87, 2011: 141, fig. 81), Zhou et al. (2016: 72).</p><p>(Fig. 5)</p><p>Type: — THAILAND. [Tak Province:] Wang-Djao [Wang Chao], 160 m, 5 October 1904, C.C. Hosseus 52 (lectotype, designated by Kurzweil (2009: 87): K K000364316 photo! https://data.kew.org/records/occurrences/b3d7c20d-c0c7-4ba5-9b27-e7787d81cf54; isolectotypes: AMES 00100091 photo! https://kiki.huh.harvard.edu/databases/specimen_search.php?barcode=00100091, BM 000033435 photo! https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/9f0deb6f-e533-4263-b8ba-3a7461ac76db, L L0061377 photo! https://bioportal. naturalis.nl/en/specimen/ L __0061377, M M0168795 photo! https://pictures.snsb.info/BSMvplantscoll/web/M-0168/M-0168795_ 20120402_122714.jpg, P P00439796 photo! http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/p/p00439796). Citation of protologue: — “Siam: Auf dem Gipfel des Porphyrhügels, Wang Djao, c. 160 m ü. d. M.- C. Hosseus no. 52, blühend am 5. Oktober 1904 ” .</p><p>Habitat and phenology in Vietnam: —Evergreen broad-leaved lowland forests and scrub on limestone at elevations of about 600–700 m a.s.l., very rare. Flowers in August.</p><p>Distribution: — Vietnam (Son La Province: Thuan Chau District). S China (Guizhou), N Thailand.</p><p>Conservation status in Vietnam: — Habenaria siamensis is known in the country by a single collection originated from a limestone area in Son La Province. This area is highly affected by agricultural activities.Taking into consideration the widescale land transformation for the crop fields, we preliminarily estimate the national conservation status of the species as Near Threatened (NT). Kurzweil (2009) assessed the status of this species as Endangered (EN).</p><p>Notes: — Habenaria siamensis is reported here as a new record for the flora of Vietnam. The Vietnamese population of H. siamensis is situated geographically almost between the known locations of the species in southern China and in northern and northeastern Thailand. Since H. siamensis is a rather unattractive ephemeroid that flowers in the rainy season, it is likely to be easily overlooked during botanical surveys. Hence, we suppose the distribution of this species to be significantly broader than currently documented.</p><p>Studied specimens:— VIETNAM. Son La Province, Thuan Chau District: forest near Chieng Pac Commune, terrestrial orchid in limestone area, 12August 2023, Truong Ba Vuong, BV1819 (LE LE01253840 https://en.herbariumle. ru/?t=occ&amp;id=213820, VNM 00060083, photos LE LE01124301 https://en.herbariumle.ru/?t=occ&amp;id=186706).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A8B71CFFAFFF87D6A2FAC3FAEDFE48	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Averyanov, Leonid V.;Nguyen, Van Canh;Le, Tuan Anh;Vuong, Truong Ba;Nuraliev, Maxim S.;Maisak, Tatiana V.;Yudova, Daria A.;Nguyen, Cuong Huu;Nong, Duy Van	Averyanov, Leonid V., Nguyen, Van Canh, Le, Tuan Anh, Vuong, Truong Ba, Nuraliev, Maxim S., Maisak, Tatiana V., Yudova, Daria A., Nguyen, Cuong Huu, Nong, Duy Van (2024): New orchids in the flora of Vietnam IX (Orchidaceae: Orchidoideae, tribes Cranichideae and Orchideae). Phytotaxa 664 (4): 229-248, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.664.4.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.664.4.1
03A8B71CFFA0FF82D6A2FDA4FBDAFB4E.text	03A8B71CFFA0FF82D6A2FDA4FBDAFB4E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bidoupia micrantha Aver., V. C. Nguyen & Duy 2024	<div><p>Bidoupia micrantha Aver., V.C.Nguyen &amp; Duy, sp. nov.</p><p>(Fig. 6 &amp; 7)</p><p>Diagnosis: —The new species differs from the morphologically closest Bidoupia phongii mainly in green, distinctly petiolate distantly arranged leaves, smaller floral bracts 6–10 × 1.8–3.5 mm, twice smaller flowers 7–9 mm across, glabrous ovary, concave stigma, straight triangular rostellum 0.5–0.6 mm long, the presence of auricles, and smaller pollinia 1.6–1.7 mm long.</p><p>Type: — VIETNAM. Lam Dong Province: the border of Lac Duong and Dam Rong districts, Bidoup Nui Ba National Park, mountain evergreen broad-leaved and mixed forest (with Pinus kesiya) at elevation of 1600–1800 m a.s.l., terrestrial creeping herb in shady place along rocky mountain stream, leaves dark velvety green with whitish median stripe, common, 21 February 2023, L. Averyanov, Nguyen Van Canh, Nong Van Duy, plant flowered under cultivation on 28 September 2023, L. Averyanov, T. Maisak, AL 2172 (holotype LE LE 01233987 https://en.herbariumle.ru/?t=occ&amp;id=196234, photos of plant used for preparation of the type herbarium specimen LE LE 01124365 https://en.herbariumle.ru/?t=occ&amp;id=193723).</p><p>Description: —Perennial sympodial terrestrial creeping herb with ascending erect floriferous stem. Stem brownish purple, terete, somewhat fleshy, (2.5)3–3.5(4) mm in diameter; plagiotropic part epigeous, leafless, rooting at nodes, (8)10–16(20) cm long, glabrous; ascending part with peduncle and inflorescence (20)25–30(35) cm tall, glabrous, leafy at lower third, with (2)3–4(5) distant, spirally arranged leaves, terminated by erect inflorescence. Leaves shortly sheathed, petiolate, glabrous; leaf sheath scarious, tubular, (4)5–9(11) mm long, (3.5)4–6(7) mm in diameter; petiole (0.8)1.2–2.8(3.2) cm long, 1.8–2.4 mm wide, reddish to white; leaf blade narrowly ovate to ovate, slightly oblique, acute to shortly acuminate, (3.5)4–7.5(8) cm long, (1.8)2–3(3.4) cm wide, with 1 main vein, adaxially dark velvety green with indistinct white median stripe, abaxially uniformly glossy light green. Inflorescence a lax spike with (6)7–12(14) spirally arranged flowers, flowers distant with internodes (1)1.5–2(3) cm. Peduncle and rachis erect, straight, pale yellowish pink to dull olive, more or less densely hairy with very short, stiff hairs; peduncle (8)10–12(14) cm long, with 2–3 sterile bracts; sterile bracts narrowly triangular, acute to acuminate, (8)10–15(17) mm long, (2)2.5– 3(4) mm wide (when flattened), glabrous, ciliate along the margin; rachis (6)8–10(12) cm long. Floral bracts dull purple brown, narrowly triangular ovate, acuminate, densely enveloping ovary, (6)7–9(10) mm long, (1.8)2.2–3(3.5) mm wide (when flattened), outside (abaxially) sparsely hairy, inside (adaxially) glabrous, finely ciliate along margin. Ovary fusiform, dull reddish brown to pale brown, (6)7–11(12) mm long, (2)2.2–2.4(2.6) mm in diameter, glabrous, narrowing towards apex that is bent downwards, twisted. Flowers sessile, widely opening, 7–9 mm in diameter; sepals pale brownish purple; petals pure white; lip white with reddish purple saccate part of hypochile (margin of hypochile white); column white, anther cap pale pink, auricles and stigma yellow, column wings pink. Sepals free, 1-veined, glabrous; median sepal narrowly ovate, concave, straight, erect, slightly cucullate at obtuse or shortly acuminate apex, (4.3)4.5–4.8(5) long, (2.2)2.4–2.6(2.8) mm wide; lateral sepals obliquely ovate rectangular, (5.2)5.4–5.6(5.8) long, (2.6)2.8–3.2(3.4) mm wide, slightly concave to almost flat, horizontally spreading, apiculate and obtuse at apex. Petals straight, strongly oblique, semicircular, narrowing to base and apex, as long as median sepal, (1.7)1.8–2.2(2.3) mm wide, glabrous, without distinct veins, connivent with the median sepal forming a broad hood. Lip asymmetrically bent to right or left side, distinctly divided into hypochile, mesochile (claw) and epichile, 5–5.2 mm long, 2–2.2 mm wide, glabrous. Hypochile concave, broadly saccate or hemispheric, 2.4–2.6 mm long, 2–2.2 mm wide, closed by short and broad incurved side lobes firmly appressed to each other, outside longitudinally shallowly grooved and slightly notched at apex, covered by concave bases of lateral sepals; hypochile outside, on each side near the base of side lobe with low fleshy, crenulate longitudinal keel; hypochile inside with low median longitudinal keel rising near apex of hypochile into prominent flat dent 0.8–0.9 mm tall, near base bearing 2 massive, fleshy, stalked, flat flabellate glands 0.7–0.8 mm tall and wide with finely erose apical margin. Mesochile (claw) with strongly involute margins in form of subterete tube, (1.6)1.7–1.8(2) mm long, (0.2)0.3(0.4) mm in diameter, adaxially grooved. Epichile in form of 2-lobuled plate; lobules spreading, narrowly rhomboid, curved, wing-shaped, (1.6)1.8–2(2.2) mm long, (0.35)0.4–0.5(0.55) mm wide, finely papillose, acute at apex, joined to each other by a small neck recurved to the abaxial side. Column short and broad, (1.9)2–2.2(2.3) mm tall, long and wide, glabrous, bearing near the base at front 2 flat subquadrate pink keels; keels 0.5–0.6 mm long and wide, placed parallel to each other, down directed; stigma large, yellow, as wide as column, placed at front of column, entire, concave with forward rising lateral sides; rostellum triangular, longitudinally concave, straight and forward directed, 0.5–0.6 mm long and wide; column at apex on each side of rostellum with yellow glossy convex auricle; anther cap semi-ovoid, 1.7–1.9 mm long and wide, with short, straight, triangular beak shorter than clinandrium; viscidium very small, lanceolate. Pollinarium 1, with 2 pollinia; pollinium white, stalked, broadly clavate, sectile, 1.6–1.7 mm long, 0.5–0.6 mm in diameter, consisting of 2 hemipollinia. Fruit unknown.</p><p>Etymology: —The species name refers to its small flowers in relation to those of its congeners.</p><p>Habitat and phenology: —Primary and secondary mountain evergreen broad-leaved and mixed forests (with Pinus kesiya) at elevation of 1600–1800 m a.s.l., usually in shady places along rocky streams, locally common. Flowers under cultivation in September–October.</p><p>Distribution: — Vietnam (Lam Dong Province: Bidoup Nui Ba National Park).</p><p>Conservation status: — Bidoupia micrantha is known from a single location within the territory of Bidoup Nui Ba National Park. The assessment of the population characteristics of this species is problematic, because B. micrantha when not flowering can hardly be distinguished from many other orchid species in the area, whereas it apparently rarely blossoms in nature. Formally, the species may tentatively be assessed as Vulnerable (VU) following the IUCN criterion D1, as the observed population contains surely less than 1000 mature individuals. However, additional field studies are necessary to comprehensively establish the status of the species.</p><p>Notes: —Prior to this study, the genus Bidoupia was known to comprise two species, B. khangii Aver. in Averyanov et al. (2016b: 320) and B. phongii Aver., Ormerod &amp; Duy in Averyanov et al. (2016a: 290). The newly discovered species almost completely fits the generic characters of Bidoupia reported in its protologue (Averyanov et al. 2016a). Morphologically, B. micrantha is very similar to B. phongii, the type species of the genus. Both species are known to be local endemics of Langbian plateau within the area known as the Central Highlands of Vietnam. The new species differs from B. phongii in a series of morphological characters, as outlined in Table 1.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A8B71CFFA0FF82D6A2FDA4FBDAFB4E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Averyanov, Leonid V.;Nguyen, Van Canh;Le, Tuan Anh;Vuong, Truong Ba;Nuraliev, Maxim S.;Maisak, Tatiana V.;Yudova, Daria A.;Nguyen, Cuong Huu;Nong, Duy Van	Averyanov, Leonid V., Nguyen, Van Canh, Le, Tuan Anh, Vuong, Truong Ba, Nuraliev, Maxim S., Maisak, Tatiana V., Yudova, Daria A., Nguyen, Cuong Huu, Nong, Duy Van (2024): New orchids in the flora of Vietnam IX (Orchidaceae: Orchidoideae, tribes Cranichideae and Orchideae). Phytotaxa 664 (4): 229-248, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.664.4.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.664.4.1
03A8B71CFFA4FF81D6A2FCC9FAEAF8F7.text	03A8B71CFFA4FF81D6A2FCC9FAEAF8F7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hylophila vietnamensis Aver. & V. C. Nguyen 2024	<div><p>Hylophila vietnamensis Aver. &amp; V.C.Nguyen, sp. nov.</p><p>(Fig. 8)</p><p>Diagnosis: —The new species differs from the morphologically most similar Hylophila mollis in distant leaves, ovary spreading almost horizontally or at an obtuse angle to the rachis, tubular (hardly opening) flowers twice longer than wide, narrowly ovate sepals 4.4–5.3 mm long, lip with semi-ovoid hypochile and forward directed epichile, disk of hypochile with glabrous longitudinal callosity, entire rostellum shorter than anther cap, and entire circular stigma.</p><p>Type: — VIETNAM. Dak Lak Province: Chu Yang Sin Mountains, lithophytic, creeping and ascending herb in mossy place along stream in evergreen broad-leaved forest, very rare, 07 August 2022, Nguyen Van Canh, AL 2459 (holotype LE LE 01254638 https:// en.herbariumle.ru/?t=occ&amp;id=218339, drawing LE LE01124836 https://en.herbariumle.ru/?t=occ&amp;id=220670).</p><p>Description: —Perennial sympodial terrestrial creeping herb with ascending erect floriferous stem; stem, peduncle, rachis, floral bracts (outside), pedicel, ovary, sepals (outside) and fruit densely covered with long multicellular glandular hairs. Floriferous stem terete, longitudinally finely ribbed, (14)16–24(26) cm tall, (3)3.2–3.8(4) mm in diameter, with 3–5(6) distant, spirally arranged leaves. Leaves sheathed, sessile or subsessile; leaf sheath scarious, tubular, (5)7– 12(14) mm long, (4.5)5–6(7) mm in diameter, shortly hairy outside; leaf blade oblong narrowly obovate, leathery, with 1 main vein, obtuse, (2.5)4–8(9) cm long, (1)1.1–1.5(1.6) cm wide, almost glabrous. Inflorescence a dense, slightly secund raceme with numerous spirally arranged flowers. Peduncle and rachis erect, straight; peduncle (4.5)5–7(8) cm long, with 2–3(4) sterile bracts; sterile bracts leaf-like, narrowly triangular, acute to acuminate, (1.2)1–1.5(1.7) cm long, (2)3–5(5.5) mm wide (when flattened), almost glabrous (except for sheath); rachis (4.5)5–8(10) cm long. Floral bracts narrowly ovate to narrowly triangular ovate, cymbiform, acuminate, (4.5)5–9(10) mm long, (1.2)1.5–2(2.2) mm wide (when flat), glandular ciliate along margin, inside (adaxially) almost glabrous. Pedicel terete, (1)1.2–1.7(1.8) mm long. Ovary spreading almost horizontally or at an obtuse angle to the rachis, fusiform, terete, slightly grooved, (2.2)2.5–3.5(3.8) mm long, (0.6)0.8–1.5(1.7) mm in diameter, twisted at 180°. Flowers hardly opening, tubular, (3.5)3.7–4(4.2) mm long, (1)1.2–1.6(1.7) mm in diameter. Sepals free, 1-veined, narrowly ovate, concave, straight, slightly cucullate at obtuse or shortly acuminate apex, (4.4)4.6–5.1(5.3) long, (1.6)1.7–2(2.1) mm wide, adaxially glabrous; lateral sepals slightly oblique at base, slightly larger than median sepal. Petals 1-veined, straight, strongly oblique, obscurely rhomboid, narrowing to apex, as long as median sepal, (1.15)1.2–1.4(1.45) mm wide, glabrous, fused together in apical half into a sympetalum connivent with the median sepal to form a narrow hood. Lip (4.9)5– 5.2(5.3) mm long, (2.5)2.6–3(3.1) mm wide, glabrous, distinctly divided into hypochile and epichile. Hypochile somewhat fleshy, deeply saccate, semi-ovoid, (2.4)2.6–2.8(3) mm long, (1.9)2(2.1) mm wide, with slightly involute margins, entirely enclosed by lateral sepals; disk adaxially with simple, elongate, glabrous longitudinal callosity at center. Epichile simple, slender, straight, forward directed, oblong narrowly triangular to subulate, cymbiform, obtuse, 1.5–1.6 mm long, about 0.3 mm wide. Column slender, shortly cylindrical, (2.2)2.4–2.6(2.8) mm tall, 0.3–0.35 mm in diameter, wingless, somewhat bent forward; stigma entire, circular, finely tuberculate, placed at front in apical part of column, as wide as column; rostellum entire, narrowly triangular to triangular, erect or somewhat bent forward, (0.5)0.6–0.8(0.9) mm long, (0.45)0.5–0.6(0.65) mm wide; anther broadly semi-ovoid, cordate at base, acute or shortly acuminate at apex, 1–1.2 mm long, as wide as rostellum. Fruit a narrowly ellipsoid capsule, (3.6)3.8–4(4.2) mm long, (1.8)2–2.2(2.4) mm in diameter.</p><p>Etymology: —The species name refers the country of the species origin.</p><p>Habitat and phenology: —Primary and secondary mountain evergreen broad-leaved forests, commonly in mossy places along streams, very rare. Flowers in July–August.</p><p>Distribution: — Vietnam (Dak Lak Province: Chu Yang Sin Mountains).</p><p>Conservation status: — Hylophila vietnamensis is known from a single location within the territory of the Chu Yang Sin Mountains in the limits of Dak Lak Province. This location is likely to be within the borders of the Chu Yang Sin National Park. Information on the size and geographical extension of the only known population is currently unavailable. Hence, we estimate the conservation status of H. vietnamensis as Data Deficient (DD). Additional field studies are necessary to comprehensively establish the status of the species.</p><p>Notes: —The finding reported here represents the first record of the genus Hylophila in the flora of Vietnam.</p><p>Prior to this study, the genus Hylophila included five species widely distributed in Southeast Asia and Australasia, from Thailand and Taiwan to the Philippines, Indonesia and the Pacific Islands (Pridgeon et al. 2003, Pedersen et al. 2011b, Lin &amp; Wang 2014, Rojchana-Umpawan et al. 2015). Four of them ( H. cheangii Holttum, H. lanceolata (Blume) Miq., H. nipponica (Fukuy.) T.P.Lin, and H. rubra Ames) were segregated by some taxonomists (Fukuyama 1936, Seidenfaden 1976, 1978, Dressler 1981, 1993) into a separate genus Dicerostylis Blume (1859: 116), or at least were discussed to belong to this genus. Dicerostylis was distinguished from Hylophila s.str. by its bilobed stigma, V-shaped or bearing at front a pair of conspicuous finger-like stigma lobes. The only remaining species ( H. mollis Lindley (1840: 490), the type species of Hylophila) is characterized by an entire stigma lacking any appendages or callosities.</p><p>Hylophila vietnamensis corresponds in its overall morphology, and particularly in the stigma structure, to Hylophila s.str. It differs from H. mollis in a series of significant morphological characters, as outlined in Table 2.</p><p>taken from its protologue and from Holttum (1964), Seidenfaden &amp; Wood (1992), Comber (2001) and Rojchana-Umpawan et al. (2015).</p><p>Both species of Hylophila s.str. ( H. mollis and H. vietnamensis) are very close in their general appearance to the genus Goodyera R.Br. in Aiton (1813: 197), but differ mainly in the hypochile that bears neither hairs nor glands. At the same time, the shape of the flower lip in H. vietnamensis is very similar to that of some species of Goodyera .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A8B71CFFA4FF81D6A2FCC9FAEAF8F7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Averyanov, Leonid V.;Nguyen, Van Canh;Le, Tuan Anh;Vuong, Truong Ba;Nuraliev, Maxim S.;Maisak, Tatiana V.;Yudova, Daria A.;Nguyen, Cuong Huu;Nong, Duy Van	Averyanov, Leonid V., Nguyen, Van Canh, Le, Tuan Anh, Vuong, Truong Ba, Nuraliev, Maxim S., Maisak, Tatiana V., Yudova, Daria A., Nguyen, Cuong Huu, Nong, Duy Van (2024): New orchids in the flora of Vietnam IX (Orchidaceae: Orchidoideae, tribes Cranichideae and Orchideae). Phytotaxa 664 (4): 229-248, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.664.4.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.664.4.1
