identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03B7D300FFA7054302B9FEB8FC0EFCF3.text	03B7D300FFA7054302B9FEB8FC0EFCF3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thecagaster charpentieri (Kolenati 1846)	<div><p>Thecagaster charpentieri (Kolenati, 1846)</p><p>Cordulegaster insignis nobilis Morton, 1916</p><p>Cordulegaster insignis lagodechica Bartenev, 1930</p><p>Cordulegaster nachitschevanica Skvortsov &amp; Snegovaya, 2015</p><p>Cordulegaster plagionyx Skvortsov &amp; Snegovaya, 2015</p><p>General: The exuviae of T. charpentieri exhibit the characteristic morphological features of Cordulegastridae larvae (Fig. 5). The pigmentation of the entire body is uniformly brown with no distinct darker colour patterns. The cuticle is covered by a layer of fine and sparsely distributed setae. These setae are distributed on the abdominal sternites and tergites as well as on the upper side of the thorax. Under the particle-covered surface there are faint darker colour patterns. In addition, longer setae and hairs are conspicuously distributed on the posterior edge of the thorax as well as on parts of the legs, the tergites, the anterior edges of the sternites and the appendages.</p><p>Head: In dorsal view, the head almost rectangular, but in the posterior region the lateral margins are gently rounded-converging (Fig. 6A), with a maximal width between 7.5–7.8 mm in males (N=2) and 8.5 mm in female (N=1), clypeus brown coloured, anterior margin of frons adorned with a series of short setae, compound eyes notably large, contributing to the formation of antero-lateral angles, while the internal regions of eyes dark brown, antennae consists of 7 segments.</p><p>The labium (Figs. 6B–6C, 6E) extend ventrally beyond the middle coxae in the resting position. Prementum length-to-width ratio = 1.0. Cranial edge of ligula is characterized by a densely packed row of very short setae, and medially with two slightly dissimilar humped protuberances (Fig. 6D). Along the lateral edges of the prementum, exists a series of more or less short, uniformly setae. The mesial margins of the palpal lobes are characterized by conspicuously irregular, pointed teeth typical of Cordulegastridae (Figs. 6B–6C, 6E), the tips of all teeth being strongly sclerotized, as evidenced by their strong brown coloration. Moveable hooks are described as long and robust, with a dark brown tip. From dorsal view the prementum features 5 long and 2–4 short setae on each side (Fig. 6E). The palpal lobes bear 5–6 palpal setae, and their outer margins are edged with two rows of dense setae (Fig. 6E).</p><p>Thorax: The pronotum is broad, reaching approximately to the vertical midline of the eyes, with a width ratio between the pronotum and head of approximately 1:1.2. On the lateral edges there are strong, thorn-like bristles pointing upwards. The wing sheaths of the forewings extend to the 4th abdominal segment. The tarsi are 3- segmented with a two-part claw, tarsal segments are covered with dense bristles, at the proximal ends, especially on their ventral area. Strong spines and long flexible bristles are present on the dorsal surfaces of the segments 2 and 3 of the hind tarsi (Fig. 7D).</p><p>Abdomen: all sternites of S1–10 are densely covered with marginal, hair-like spines. Short bristles are loosely distributed over the entire surface of the abdomen, both on the tergites and on the sternites. The tergites have long, hairy pubescence along their margins, with shorter, finer pubescence on the surfaces of the tergites. The female gonapophyses (ovipositor) extend to the caudal margins of segments S9 (Figs. 7C, 7G). In males, the projection of the epiproct has slightly conical lateral margins (Fig. 7E). The length of the male projection is about a third as long as the entire epiproct, rear edge slightly concave indented (Fig. 7E). The epiproct of the female forms a spiky caudal tapered tip on its half (Fig. 7F). The cerci of the male exuviae (Fig. 7E) are stouter in comparison to the female exuviae (Fig. 7F), the cerci reach one third of the length of the entire anal pyramid in both sexes (Figs. 7E–7F). In both sexes, the tips of the paraprocts and epiprocts point slightly downwards in the lateral view (Fig. 7G), mesial margins of the paraprocts seen ventrally with a dense bristle crest and with a cuticularly reinforced groin. The distal edges of the paraprocts have short, strong bristles. Lateral and dorsal spines are absent in both sexes (Figs. 7A, 7C).</p><p>Measurements: total length 37.5–40.5 mm males N=2, 41.7 mm female N=1 (approximate value); head width 7.5–7.8 mm males N=2, 8.5 mm female N=1 (approximate value); length of mentum 6.0– 6.3 mm males N=2, 7.0 mm female N=1; basal width and distal width of mentum: 2.2–2.3 / 5.9–6.2 mm males N=2, 2.5/ 7.2 mm female N=1; length of wing case of hindwing: 8.3–8.7 mm males N=3, 10.2 mm female N=1; length femur foreleg (without trochanter) 4.1–5.2 mm males N=2, 5.4 mm female N=1; length tibia foreleg 5.5 mm males N=2, 6.1 mm female N=1; length tarsus foreleg 2.7–2.9 mm males N=2; length tarsal segments (example male N=1) T1 0.8, T2 0.7, T3 1.3 mm, length abdomen: 25.7–27.4 mm males N=3, 23.0 mm females N=1; abdomen maximum width, 7.4–7.9 mm males N=3, 8.0 mm female N=1; lengths cerci 0.98–1.08 mm males (N=3), 1.2 mm female (N=1); cerci basal width 0.41–0.46 mm males (N=3), 0.5 mm females (N=1); lengths paraproct (inner margin in ventral view) 2.6–2.78 mm males (N=3), 3 mm female (N=1); lengths epiproct (in dorsal view): 2.3–2.9 mm males (N=3), 3.3 mm female (N=1); lengths male projection: 0.6–0.7 mm (N=3), female gynapophyses: 2.0 mm (N=1); length of antennae 3.2 mm (example male N=1).</p><p>Additional characteristics of the larvae in the F-6 stage.</p><p>The larvae are 6.0 and 6.2 mm long, the entire body is densely covered with bristles, faint pigmentation is visible on the abdomen (Fig. 8A), head widths 1.4 mm, antennae 6-segmented, shape of the mentum corresponds to that of the F-0-larvae (exuviae) (Figs. 8B, 8D), in contrast to the F-0-larvae, the small larvae have 2 prominently developed protuberances on the cranial margin of the ligula (Fig. 8C). The edges of the protuberances are serrated. Inside of the mentum there are 4 strong bristles on each side, distal margins of the palps with 12 bristles (Fig. 8B), paraprocts and the epiproct are comparable in shape to those of the F-0-larva (exuviae), the cerci are missing (Fig. 8A). The sex of these specimens cannot be determined morphologically.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B7D300FFA7054302B9FEB8FC0EFCF3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Müller, Ole;Brochard, Christophe;Ikemeyer, Dietmar;Snegovaya, Nataly;Lemke, Martin;Schneider, Thomas	Müller, Ole, Brochard, Christophe, Ikemeyer, Dietmar, Snegovaya, Nataly, Lemke, Martin, Schneider, Thomas (2025): Description of the larvae and exuviae of Thecagaster charpentieri (Kolenati, 1846) and Thecagaster brevistigma (Selys, 1854) with a re-description of the exuviae of Thecagaster coronata (Morton, 1916) (Odonata: Cordulegastridae). Zootaxa 5653 (2): 211-228, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5653.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5653.2.3
03B7D300FFAA054002B9F90CFB1CFA34.text	03B7D300FFAA054002B9F90CFB1CFA34.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thecagaster brevistigma (Selys 1854)	<div><p>Thecagaster brevistigma (Selys, 1854)</p><p>General: The exuviae of T. brevistigma display the typical morphological features of Cordulegastridae larvae (Fig. 9). The body is uniformly brown with faint, darker colour patterns on the abdomen. The cuticle is covered with fine, sparsely distributed setae, found on the sternites, the abdominal tergites, and the dorsal side of the thorax. Additionally, longer setae and hairs are prominent along the posterior margin of the thorax, parts of the legs, the abdominal tergites, the leading edges of the sternites, and the appendages.</p><p>Head: In dorsal view, the lateral margins of the head behind the eyes are not parallel, giving the head a nonrectangular shape (Fig. 10A). The occiput is irregularly hairy on the sides and posterior margin, with several strong lateral bristles pointing forwards and upwards (Fig. 10A). The maximum head width is 7.7 mm. The clypeus is brown, the anterior margin is lined with a row of short setae. The compound eyes are conspicuously large and form the antero-lateral corners of the head. The segments of the antennae are incomplete (Fig. 10A).</p><p>The labium shows a morphology typical for Cordulegastridae (Figs. 10B–10C, 10E). In the resting position, the labium protrudes slightly beyond the middle coxae. Prementum ratio of length to width is 1.0. The cranial margin of the ligula is characterized by a densely packed row of very short setae, and medially by two cusps, each with a narrow distal protuberance (Fig. 10D). Along the lateral edges of the prementum there is a row of more or less short, evenly spaced setae. The mesial margins of the palpal lobes are characterized by conspicuously irregular, pointed teeth, shown in Fig. 10B, the tips of all teeth being strongly sclerotized, as indicated by their strong brown coloration. The movable hooks are long and robust, with a dark brown tip. In dorsal view, the prementum has four long and three short setae on each side (Fig. 10E). The labial palpi bear four long bristles and the outer margins are lined with two rows of dense hairs (Fig. 10E).</p><p>Thorax: The pronotum is broad and extends approximately to the vertical midline of the eyes. The wing sheaths extend to the fourth abdominal segment (Fig. 9). The tarsi consist of three segments with a two-part claw (Fig. 11C). The segments are loosely covered with bristles, with strong spines at their proximal ends, especially on the ventral side.</p><p>Abdomen: All sternites are sparsely covered with bristles, whereby the density of bristles on the more caudal sternites decreases significantly. Each sternite and tergite has a dense row of short bristles along the posterior margin. Longer hairs are present on the sides of the abdominal segments, especially dense on the anterior segments (Fig. 9), the projection is about a third as long as the epiproct, distinctly notched in the middle, with parallel lateral margins and curved distal margins (Fig. 11D). The cerci are short and reach only up to one third of the length of the paraprocts (Fig. 11D). The paraprocts are just as long as the epiproct and form a pointed anal pyramid when closed. In lateral view, the epiproct and paraproct are strongly curved ventrally (Fig. 11E). The abdomen lacks lateral and dorsal spines (Figs. 11A–11B, 11E).</p><p>Measurements: (N=1, male): total length 36.8 (approximate value); head width 7.7 mm (approximate value); length of mentum 6.1 mm; basal width and distal width of mentum: 2.0 / 6.1 mm; length of wing case of hindwing: 10.0 mm; length femur foreleg (without trochanter) 4.3 mm; length tibia foreleg 5.2 mm; length tarsus foreleg 2.99 mm; length tarsal segments T1 0.6, T2 0.7, T3 1.7 mm; length abdomen: 24.5 mm; abdomen maximum width, 7.3; lengths cerci 1; cerci basal width 0.4; lengths paraproct (inner margin in ventral view) 2.9 mm males; lengths epiproct (in dorsal view): 3.2; lengths male projection: 0.7 mm; length of antennae not available.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B7D300FFAA054002B9F90CFB1CFA34	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Müller, Ole;Brochard, Christophe;Ikemeyer, Dietmar;Snegovaya, Nataly;Lemke, Martin;Schneider, Thomas	Müller, Ole, Brochard, Christophe, Ikemeyer, Dietmar, Snegovaya, Nataly, Lemke, Martin, Schneider, Thomas (2025): Description of the larvae and exuviae of Thecagaster charpentieri (Kolenati, 1846) and Thecagaster brevistigma (Selys, 1854) with a re-description of the exuviae of Thecagaster coronata (Morton, 1916) (Odonata: Cordulegastridae). Zootaxa 5653 (2): 211-228, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5653.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5653.2.3
03B7D300FFA9054402B9F987FE16FA51.text	03B7D300FFA9054402B9F987FE16FA51.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thecagaster coronata (Morton 1916)	<div><p>Thecagaster coronata (Morton, 1916)</p><p>General: The exuviae of T. coronata display the typical morphological characteristics of Cordulegastridae larvae (Fig. 12). Female exuviae range in total length from 42.2 to 48.6 mm (N=2), while male exuviae measure between 38.2 and 44.5 mm. The body is uniformly pigmented brown without distinct darker markings. The cuticle is covered with fine, sparsely distributed setae, which can be found on the abdominal sternites and tergites. Faint darker colour patterns are present on the upper side of the thorax. Additionally, longer setae and hairs are conspicuously found along the posterior edge of the thorax, parts of the legs, the tergites of the abdomen, the anterior edges of the sternites, and the appendages.</p><p>Head: From dorsal perspective, the lateral margins of the head are strongly roundet behind the eyes, resulting in the head not having a strictly rectangular shape, occiput irregularly haired on the sides and rear margin, with some strong lateral bristles pointing forward and upward (Fig. 13A). The clypeus is brown, and the front margin of it is lined with a row of short setae. The compound eyes are notably large, forming the antero-lateral corners of the head. The antennae consist of seven segments.</p><p>The labium exhibits the characteristic structure observed in Cordulegastridae, extends, in resting position, just past the middle coxae (Figs. 13B–13C, 13E). The prementum is elongated, with a length-to-width ratio of 0.97. The anterior margin of the ligula is bordered by a dense array of short setae and displays two slightly uneven, blunted projections at its centre (Fig. 13D). A series of evenly spaced, short setae extends along the lateral margins of the prementum. The mesial margins of the palpal lobes are irregular and bear sharply pointed teeth, which are heavily sclerotized and dark brown at their tips (Figs. 13B–13C, 13E). The movable hooks are elongated and robust, with dark brown apices. From a dorsal perspective, the prementum bears 3–5 long setae on each side and 2–3 shorter ones centrally (Fig. 13E). The palpal lobes possess 4–6 palpal setae, with their outer margins bordered by rows of densely arranged setae (Fig. 13E).</p><p>Thorax: The pronotum is broad and extends to approximately the vertical midline of the eyes. The epaulette measures over one-third the length of the pronotum (Fig. 12). It is gently curved backward, with only slight tapering toward the tip, and the posterior margins appear slightly thickened when viewed from the rear. The forewing sheaths extend to the fourth abdominal segment. The tarsi have three segments and a two-part claw. The segments are densely covered with bristles, with strong spines at the proximal ends, especially on the ventral side. In addition, dorsal sides of the segments 2 and 3 of hind tarsi are covered with long, flexible bristles (Fig. 14D).</p><p>Abdomen: All sternites are sparsely covered with bristles, with the bristle density significantly decreasing on the more caudally positioned sternites. Each sternite and each tergites has a dense row of short bristles along its posterior edge. Longer hairs are found along the sides of the abdominal segments (Fig. 12). The female gonapophyses (ovipositor) protrudes slightly beyond the posterior end of abdominal segment 9 (Fig. 14C, 14G). In males, the projection is about one quarter the length of the epiproct, clearly notched mesially, with parallel lateral margins and distal curved margins (Fig. 14E). The cerci are short, reaching only about one-third the length of the paraprocts. The male cerci are more robustly developed than the female cerci (Figs. 14E–14F). The paraprocts are as long as the epiproct and form a pointed anal pyramid when closed. Both sexes lack lateral and dorsal spines (Figs. 14A, 14C).</p><p>Measurements: total length 38.2–43.1 mm males N=3, 42.2–43.5 mm females N=4 (approximate value); head width 8.0 mm male N=1, 8.1 mm female N=1) (approximate value); length of mentum 6.0 mm male N=1, 6.7 mm female N=1; basal width and distal width of mentum: 2.1/ 6.2 mm male N=1, 2.3/ 6.9 mm female N=1; length of wing case of hindwing: 8.5 mm male N=1, 8.5 mm female N=1; length femur foreleg (without trochanter) 4.7 mm male N=1, 5.2 mm female N=1; length tibia foreleg 5.8 mm male N=1, 6.2 mm female N=1; length tarsus foreleg 2.6 mm male N=1, 3.1 mm female N=1; length tarsal segments (example male N=1) T1 0.7, T2 0.6, T3 1.4 mm; length abdomen: 27.5 mm male N=1, 29.9 mm female N=1; abdomen maximum width, 7.6 mm male N=1, 8.4 mm female N=1; lengths cerci 1.2 mm males (N=1), 1.2 mm females (N=1); cerci basal width 0.4 mm male (N=1), 0.4 mm female (N=1); lengths paraproct (inner margin in ventral view) 3.0 mm male (N=1), 3.4 mm female (N=1); lengths epiproct (in dorsal view): 3.5 mm male (N=1), 3.6 mm female (N=1); lengths male projection: 0.7 mm (N=1), female gynapophyses: 2.1 mm (N=1); length of antennae 2.8 mm (example male N=1).</p><p>Differential diagnosis</p><p>All exuviae and larvae of the three species described here show the typical morphological characteristics of Cordulegastridae . All measurements are summarized in Table 2 and important differential characters are highlighted in grey. All three species studied show the characteristics of the former “ bidentata group”, now assigned to the genus Thecagaster, the most important of which is the absence of lateral spines on all abdominal segments (especially on segments 8 or 9).</p><p>Thecagaster coronata differs from T. charpentieri and T. brevistigma by having relatively long and slender cerci. In contrast, specimens of T. charpentieri and T. brevistigma possess shorter and broader cerci. Thecagaster charpentieri can be distinguished from T. brevistigma by its shorter paraprocts and slightly longer cerci (Table 3, key).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B7D300FFA9054402B9F987FE16FA51	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Müller, Ole;Brochard, Christophe;Ikemeyer, Dietmar;Snegovaya, Nataly;Lemke, Martin;Schneider, Thomas	Müller, Ole, Brochard, Christophe, Ikemeyer, Dietmar, Snegovaya, Nataly, Lemke, Martin, Schneider, Thomas (2025): Description of the larvae and exuviae of Thecagaster charpentieri (Kolenati, 1846) and Thecagaster brevistigma (Selys, 1854) with a re-description of the exuviae of Thecagaster coronata (Morton, 1916) (Odonata: Cordulegastridae). Zootaxa 5653 (2): 211-228, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5653.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5653.2.3
