taxonID	type	description	language	source
03B5878DFFEAFF8AE1D86A9DE50E898A.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — SOUTH AFRICA, Western Cape Province, Ladismith (3321): ± 18 km on Buffelsdrif (R 62) road at Ladismith – Barrydale – Baviaanskraans road junction (– CA), 1 October 2006, Burgoyne 10731 (holotype PRE!).	en	Bello, Anifat O., Boatwright, James S., Bank, Michelle Van Der, Magee, Anthony R. (2020): Four new species of Pteronia (Astereae, Asteraceae) from South Africa. Phytotaxa 430 (1): 25-32, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.430.1.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.430.1.4
03B5878DFFEAFF8AE1D86A9DE50E898A.taxon	description	Evergreen perennial shrub ca. 0.3 m in height, much branched; branches erect, glabrous with short internodes (± 3 mm). Leaves decussate, free at the base, simple, narrowly ovate, 6 – 10 × 3 – 5 mm, flattened, coriaceous, glabrous, midrib occasionally sparsely setose on abaxial surface; apex acute or subacute with prominent setose cluster; margins setulose. Capitula 15 - to 20 - flowered, homogamous, discoid, terminal, solitary, shortly pedunculate (± 3 mm). Involucre narrowly campanulate, 15 – 25 × 6 – 12 mm, 4 - or 5 - seriate; involucral bracts glabrous with stereome on upper part; apex obtuse; margins narrowly membranous; outermost bracts orbicular, 3 – 4 mm long; middle bracts oblong, 8 – 10 mm long; innermost bracts oblong, 12 – 13 mm long. Florets bisexual; corolla yellow, tubular, 9 – 10 mm long; limb 5 - lobed, widening upward; tube glabrous, 4 - ribbed; anthers 3 – 4 mm long; apical appendages acute; filament not swollen distally; style branched, 10 – 11 mm long; branches flattened, ca. 3 mm long, stigmatic-papillate at tips. Pappus of barbellate bristles, biseriate, connate at base, 11 – 12 mm long, slightly longer than florets at fruiting stage, straight, straw-coloured. Cypselae ovate, 6 – 7 × ± 4 mm, dorsiventrally flattened, usually contracted into a neck at apex, sparsely glandular on lower part with short tufted hairs at base (Figure 1).	en	Bello, Anifat O., Boatwright, James S., Bank, Michelle Van Der, Magee, Anthony R. (2020): Four new species of Pteronia (Astereae, Asteraceae) from South Africa. Phytotaxa 430 (1): 25-32, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.430.1.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.430.1.4
03B5878DFFEAFF8AE1D86A9DE50E898A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnostic characters: — This species shares the glabrous branches, flattened leaves and basally hairy cypselae with Pteronia adenocarpa Harvey (1865: 109) and P. viscosa Thunberg (1800: 144) but can be readily distinguished by the narrowly ovate leaves with a prominent apical cluster of bristles (leaves oblanceolate to broadly ovate without an apical cluster of bristles in P. adenocarpa and P. viscosa) and ribbed corolla tube (corolla tubes not ribbed in P. adenocarpa and P. viscosa). Pteronia armatifolia has been previously confused with P. adenocarpa from which it can be further distinguished by the glabrous leaf lamina with the margins not revolute (lamina punctate with revolute margins in P. adenocarpa) and very sparsely glandular cypselae with straight pappus bristles (cypselae densely glandular, pappus bristles with a tortuous band near the base in P. adenocarpa, Figure 1 I).	en	Bello, Anifat O., Boatwright, James S., Bank, Michelle Van Der, Magee, Anthony R. (2020): Four new species of Pteronia (Astereae, Asteraceae) from South Africa. Phytotaxa 430 (1): 25-32, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.430.1.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.430.1.4
03B5878DFFEAFF8AE1D86A9DE50E898A.taxon	distribution	Distribution and Ecology: — This species is known only from a single collection around the Rooiberg near Ladismith in the Little Karoo, Western Cape (Figure 2). It favours rocky soil at ca. 326 m above sea level (a. s. l.). Flowering occurs in spring (October).	en	Bello, Anifat O., Boatwright, James S., Bank, Michelle Van Der, Magee, Anthony R. (2020): Four new species of Pteronia (Astereae, Asteraceae) from South Africa. Phytotaxa 430 (1): 25-32, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.430.1.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.430.1.4
03B5878DFFEAFF88E1D86E8DE6318DC0.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — SOUTH AFRICA, Western Cape Province, Montagu (3320): Wittepoort, Laingsburg (– BB), 23 September 1941, Compton 11851 (holotype NBG!).	en	Bello, Anifat O., Boatwright, James S., Bank, Michelle Van Der, Magee, Anthony R. (2020): Four new species of Pteronia (Astereae, Asteraceae) from South Africa. Phytotaxa 430 (1): 25-32, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.430.1.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.430.1.4
03B5878DFFEAFF88E1D86E8DE6318DC0.taxon	description	Evergreen perennial shrublet ca. 0.3 m in height, much branched; branches erect, glabrous. Leaves decussate, contiguous at base, viscid, simple, linear, 4 – 10 × 1 – 2 mm, flattened, coriaceous, tuberculate; apex obtuse; margins entire. Capitula 10 - to 12 - flowered, homogamous, discoid, apically constricted, decurrent, terminal, solitary, sometimes in clusters of 2 or 3, sessile. Involucre globose, shortly campanulate when opened, 7 – 10 × 4 – 7 mm, ca. 8 - seriate; involucral bracts glabrous; stereome prominent, slightly fleshy; margins finely ciliate, hyaline; outermost bracts lanceolate, 3 – 4 mm long; apex acute; middle bracts ovate, 5 – 6 mm long; apex subacute; innermost bracts oblong-ovate, 7 – 8 mm long; apex subacute to obtuse. Florets bisexual; corolla yellow, tubular, 7 – 9 mm long; limb 5 - lobed, gradually widening upward; tube pubescent on the middle; anthers 3 – 4 mm long; apical appendages acute; filament not swollen distally; style branched, 7 – 8 mm long; branches flattened, ca. 3 mm long, stigmatic-papillate. Pappus of barbellate bristles, biseriate, connate at base, 4 – 5 mm long, shorter than florets at fruiting stage, straight, straw-coloured. Cypselae ovate, 2 – 3 × 1 – 2 mm, dorsiventrally flattened, contracted into a neck at apex, glandular and villous (Figure 3).	en	Bello, Anifat O., Boatwright, James S., Bank, Michelle Van Der, Magee, Anthony R. (2020): Four new species of Pteronia (Astereae, Asteraceae) from South Africa. Phytotaxa 430 (1): 25-32, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.430.1.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.430.1.4
03B5878DFFEAFF88E1D86E8DE6318DC0.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnostic characters: — Pteronia decurrens shares the glabrous branches, linear leaves, apically constricted capitula, globose involucre and ovate, glandular-villous cypselae with Pteronia pallens Linnaeus (1782: 357). However, Pteronia decurrens can readily be distinguished by the smooth, unridged branches (fissured and ridged in P. pallens), shorter (4 – 10 mm long) tuberculate leaves (10 – 20 mm long and glabrous in P. pallens), decurrent capitula (excurrent in P. pallens) and unfringed bracts with a prominent stereome (prominently fringed and without a prominent stereome in P. pallens). R. H. Compton collected both Pteronia decurrens and P. pallens at Wittepoort, Laingsburg (Compton 11851 & 11852, NBG) and considered the two collections to represent different species (identifying Compton 11852 as P. pallens but unable to identify Compton 11851).	en	Bello, Anifat O., Boatwright, James S., Bank, Michelle Van Der, Magee, Anthony R. (2020): Four new species of Pteronia (Astereae, Asteraceae) from South Africa. Phytotaxa 430 (1): 25-32, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.430.1.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.430.1.4
03B5878DFFEAFF88E1D86E8DE6318DC0.taxon	distribution	Distribution and Ecology: — Pteronia decurrens occurs between Laingsburg and Uniondale in the Little Karoo (Figure 2). It favours stony or rocky soil from 250 – 701 m (a. s. l.). Flowering is from spring to early summer (September – December).	en	Bello, Anifat O., Boatwright, James S., Bank, Michelle Van Der, Magee, Anthony R. (2020): Four new species of Pteronia (Astereae, Asteraceae) from South Africa. Phytotaxa 430 (1): 25-32, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.430.1.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.430.1.4
03B5878DFFEAFF88E1D86E8DE6318DC0.taxon	materials_examined	Additional specimens examined: — SOUTH AFRICA. Western Cape: 3320 (Montagu): 14 miles [22.54 km] southeast of Laingsburg (– BB), Acocks 20760 (PRE). 3321 (Ladismith): Goedehoop, 10 km south of Calitzdorp (– DA), 29 September 2006, Bruyns 10536 (BOL). 3323 (Willowmore): Near Uniondale Road Station (– CA), Maguire 784 (NBG).	en	Bello, Anifat O., Boatwright, James S., Bank, Michelle Van Der, Magee, Anthony R. (2020): Four new species of Pteronia (Astereae, Asteraceae) from South Africa. Phytotaxa 430 (1): 25-32, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.430.1.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.430.1.4
03B5878DFFE8FF8EE1D86E8EE4498D50.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — SOUTH AFRICA, Northern Cape Province, Sutherland (3220): Roggeveld, Die Puts, survey Plot 305 (– BD), 20 September 2004, Rosch 258 (holotype NBG!).	en	Bello, Anifat O., Boatwright, James S., Bank, Michelle Van Der, Magee, Anthony R. (2020): Four new species of Pteronia (Astereae, Asteraceae) from South Africa. Phytotaxa 430 (1): 25-32, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.430.1.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.430.1.4
03B5878DFFE8FF8EE1D86E8EE4498D50.taxon	description	Evergreen perennial shrub ca. 0.6 m in height, much branched; branches erect, glabrous, greyish. Leaves decussate, slightly contiguous at base, crowded, simple, lanceolate, 3 – 4 × ± 2 mm, subterete, somewhat flattened on lower part, succulent, glabrous; apex obtuse; margins finely and shortly ciliate. Capitula 8 - to 10 - flowered, terminal, solitary, sessile. Involucre turbinate, 10 – 15 × 4 – 6 mm, 4 - to 6 - seriate; involucral bracts glabrous, lanceolate; apex subacute, dark-coloured; margins ciliate; outermost bracts 3 – 4 mm long; middle bracts 6 – 7 mm long; innermost bracts 10 – 11 mm long. Florets bisexual; corolla bright yellow, tubular, 10 – 11 mm long; limb 5 - lobed, widening upward; tube glabrous; anthers 3 – 4 mm long; apical appendages acute; filament not swollen distally; style branched, 10 – 11 mm long; branches somewhat flattened, ca. 3 mm long, stigmatic-papillate. Pappus of barbellate bristles, biseriate, connate at base, 7 – 9 mm long, shorter than florets at fruiting stage, straight, straw-coloured. Cypselae ovate, 3 – 4 × ± 2 mm, dorsiventrally flattened, contracted into a neck at apex, glandular and finely villous (Figure 4).	en	Bello, Anifat O., Boatwright, James S., Bank, Michelle Van Der, Magee, Anthony R. (2020): Four new species of Pteronia (Astereae, Asteraceae) from South Africa. Phytotaxa 430 (1): 25-32, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.430.1.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.430.1.4
03B5878DFFE8FF8EE1D86E8EE4498D50.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnostic characters: — Pteronia flava has been confused with P. glomerata Linnaeus (1782: 356) in the past. Both species share the glomerate, lanceolate, ciliate and succulent leaves, but P. flava can be distinguished by the greyish branches (greenish in P. glomerata) and the yellowish bracts with dark-coloured apices (bracts greenish with light-coloured apices in P. glomerata). Pteronia flava could also be confused with P. empetrifolia De Candolle (1836: 363) but is easily distinguished by the smooth greyish branches (coarse in P. empetrifolia) and ciliate leaf margins (entire in P. empetrifolia).	en	Bello, Anifat O., Boatwright, James S., Bank, Michelle Van Der, Magee, Anthony R. (2020): Four new species of Pteronia (Astereae, Asteraceae) from South Africa. Phytotaxa 430 (1): 25-32, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.430.1.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.430.1.4
03B5878DFFE8FF8EE1D86E8EE4498D50.taxon	distribution	Distribution and Ecology: — Pteronia flava occurs on the Roggeveld and Nieweveld mountains of the Northern Cape escarpment from near Calvinia to Loxton (Figure 5). It favours sandy soil from 980 to 1466 m (a. s. l.). Flowering occurs in spring and midsummer (September – January).	en	Bello, Anifat O., Boatwright, James S., Bank, Michelle Van Der, Magee, Anthony R. (2020): Four new species of Pteronia (Astereae, Asteraceae) from South Africa. Phytotaxa 430 (1): 25-32, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.430.1.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.430.1.4
03B5878DFFE8FF8EE1D86E8EE4498D50.taxon	materials_examined	Additional specimens examined: — SOUTH AFRICA. Northern Cape Province: 3119 (Calvinia): Bloukrans Pass. 23 km south of Calvinia (– DB), 15 October 1989, Greuter 21784 (PRE). 3122 (Loxton): 24.7 km west of Loxton on road to Victoria West (– BC), 11 October 2008, Potts s. n (BOL).	en	Bello, Anifat O., Boatwright, James S., Bank, Michelle Van Der, Magee, Anthony R. (2020): Four new species of Pteronia (Astereae, Asteraceae) from South Africa. Phytotaxa 430 (1): 25-32, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.430.1.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.430.1.4
03B5878DFFEEFF8DE1D86AF3E3608D50.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — SOUTH AFRICA, Northern Cape Province, Springbok (2917): Northwest of Steinkopf, southeast of Kosies (– BA), 25 August 2012, Koekemoer 4350 (holotype PRE!).	en	Bello, Anifat O., Boatwright, James S., Bank, Michelle Van Der, Magee, Anthony R. (2020): Four new species of Pteronia (Astereae, Asteraceae) from South Africa. Phytotaxa 430 (1): 25-32, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.430.1.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.430.1.4
03B5878DFFEEFF8DE1D86AF3E3608D50.taxon	description	Evergreen perennial shrub ca. 1.6 m in height, less branched; branches erect, grey-scaly, young branches setulose, older glabrous. Leaves decussate, free at the base, clustered, simple, narrowly to broadly obovate, leaves becoming broader towards inflorescence, 5 – 12 × 2 – 5 mm, flattened, young leaves somewhat succulent, older subcoriaceous, glandular with ruptured glands creating a viscous appearance in older leaves; apex subacute to obtuse, usually mucronate; margins glandular or entire; axillary fascicles often present. Capitula many-flowered (> 25), homogamous, discoid, terminal, solitary, subsessile. Involucre obconical, 10 – 21 × 8 – 15 mm, 4 - to 6 - seriate; involucral bracts glabrous, oblong; stereome slightly prominent; apex acute; margins hyaline-ciliate or jagged; outermost bracts 4 – 5 mm long; middle bracts 7 – 8 mm long; innermost bracts 10 – 12 mm long. Florets bisexual; corolla pale yellow, tubular, 10 – 12 mm long; limb 5 - lobed, widening upward; tube glabrous; anthers 4 – 5 mm long; apical appendages subacute; filament not swollen distally; style branched, 10 – 12 mm long; branches flattened, ca. 4 mm long, densely stigmatic-papillate at tips. Pappus of barbellate bristles, biseriate, connate at base, 7 – 8 mm long, shorter than florets at fruiting stage, straight, creamish. Cypselae oblong, 3 – 4 × ± 1 mm, dorsiventrally flattened, slightly contracted into a neck at apex, densely sericeous (Figure 6).	en	Bello, Anifat O., Boatwright, James S., Bank, Michelle Van Der, Magee, Anthony R. (2020): Four new species of Pteronia (Astereae, Asteraceae) from South Africa. Phytotaxa 430 (1): 25-32, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.430.1.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.430.1.4
03B5878DFFEEFF8DE1D86AF3E3608D50.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnostic characters: — Pteronia glandulosa shares the obconical, ca. 6 - seriate capitula with Pteronia leucoclada Turczaninow (1851: 65) but can readily be distinguished by the decussate, obovate, glandular leaves (alternate or spiral, linear or club-shaped and glabrous in P. leucoclada), non-spinous involucral bract apices (spinous in P. leucoclada), biseriate pappus (multiseriate in P. leucoclada) and sericeous cypselae (villous in P. leucoclada).	en	Bello, Anifat O., Boatwright, James S., Bank, Michelle Van Der, Magee, Anthony R. (2020): Four new species of Pteronia (Astereae, Asteraceae) from South Africa. Phytotaxa 430 (1): 25-32, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.430.1.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.430.1.4
03B5878DFFEEFF8DE1D86AF3E3608D50.taxon	distribution	Distribution and Ecology: — This species occurs on granite hills near Steinkopf in the Northern Cape Province (Figure 5). It favours stony or rocky soil at 578 m (a. s. l.). Flowering in spring (August).	en	Bello, Anifat O., Boatwright, James S., Bank, Michelle Van Der, Magee, Anthony R. (2020): Four new species of Pteronia (Astereae, Asteraceae) from South Africa. Phytotaxa 430 (1): 25-32, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.430.1.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.430.1.4
