identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03B387A62201FFBE9C00F8A6FDEC5449.text	03B387A62201FFBE9C00F8A6FDEC5449.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amnihyla Richards, Mahony & Donnellan 2025	<div><p>Amnihyla Richards, Mahony &amp; Donnellan, gen. nov.</p><p>(Figs 9, 10)</p><p>ZooBank LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 4A0ADBA7-AE39- 43FC-A114-78063102556E Type species: Hyla (Litoria) arfakiana (Peters &amp; Doria, 1878) .</p><p>Content: 24 species— Amnihyla amnicola * (Richards, Tjaturadi, Krey &amp; Donnellan, 2021) comb. nov., Amnihyla angiana* (Boulenger, 1915) comb. nov., Amnihyla arfakiana * (Peters &amp; Doria, 1878) comb. nov., Amnihyla becki * (Loveridge, 1945) comb. nov., Amnihyla brongersmai (Loveridge, 1945) comb. nov., Amnihyla bulmeri * (Tyler, 1968a) comb. nov., Amnihyla dorsivena * (Tyler, 1968a) comb. nov., Amnihyla fuscula (Oliver &amp; Richards, 2007) comb. nov., Amnihyla lakekamu (Richards &amp; Bickford, 2023) comb. nov., Amnihyla leucova * (Tyler, 1968a) comb. nov., Amnihyla longicrus (Boulenger, 1911) comb. nov., Amnihyla macki (Richards, 2001) comb. nov., Amnihyla megalops (Richards &amp; Iskander, 2006) comb. nov., Amnihyla micromembrana * (Tyler, 1963a) comb. nov., Amnihyla modica * (Tyler, 1968a) comb. nov., Amnihyla napaea (Tyler, 1968a) comb. nov., Amnihyla oenicolen * (Menzies &amp; Zweifel, 1974) comb. nov., Amnihyla pratti * (Boulenger, 1911) comb. nov., Amnihyla rara (Günther &amp; Richards, 2005) comb. nov., Amnihyla rivicola * (Günther &amp; Richards, 2005) comb. nov., Amnihyla scabra (Günther &amp; Richards, 2005) comb. nov., Amnihyla spartacus * (Richards and Oliver, 2006b) comb. nov., Amnihyla spinifera *(Tyler, 1968a) comb. nov., Amnihyla wollastoni * (Boulenger, 1914) comb. nov.</p><p>Diagnosis: All Amnihyla can be diagnosed from Exochohyla, Nasutibatrachus, and Teretistes by the absence of a rostral spike; all except A. amnicola from Carichyla, Drymomantis, Exedrobatrachus, and Papuahyla by large pale vs. small pigmented ova ( A. amnicola can be diagnosed from Exedrobatrachus by toe and finger discs equal in size vs. smaller; and from Carichyla, Drymomantis, and Papuahyla by the presence of tubercles on the hindlimb vs. absence); from Drymomantis and Papuahyla by a Type 3 vs. Type 1 tadpole oral disc, and Type 6 or 7 vs. Type 1 overall tadpole morphology; from Hyalotos by pigmented vs. transparent tympanum; from Ischnohyla by Type 6 or 7 vs. Type 2A overall tadpole morphology; from Lathrana by frequency modulated vs. unmodulated calls, by medium duration vs. long duration calls, and by calls with few vs. medium number of notes; from Papuahyla by fusiform, oval, rectangular, spike, or teardrop vs. a right triangular call envelope shape; from Viridihyla by a highly variable dorsal pattern vs. a uniform green dorsum. Amnihyla, except A. amnicola, can be diagnosed from Kallistobatrachus by large unpigmented eggs vs. small or medium pigmented eggs. Amnihyla amnicola can be diagnosed from Kallistobatrachus by lacking bright colours ventrally and/or in axilla and groin. Refer to Tables 1 and 2.</p><p>Distribution and ecology: New Guinea and surrounding islands, lowland forests to alpine meadows. Arboreal or semi-aquatic frogs that breed in clear-flowing, often torrential, streams. All species for which eggs are known, with the exception of A. amnicola, have large unpigmented eggs. Tadpoles are known or presumed to have large, ventrally oriented suctorial mouthparts. Calls often with narrow frequency bands to enhance detection above the sound of running water.</p><p>Etymology: From the Latin amnis (a river) and Hyla Laurenti, 1768, the earliest generic name for a tree frog, itself derived from Υλας ( Hylas), companion of Hercules in Greek mythology. While the original Hylas was a boy, and Copland (1962) treated the generic name derived from Hylas as masculine (incorrectly emending numerous adjectival species epithets to match), the generic name is feminine in its original formation (Myers and Stothers 2006) and remains so as the root for Amnihyla . The name alludes to the riverine habitat of the species in the genus.</p><p>Remarks: Amnihyla is the equivalent of the Litoria angiana, Litoria arfakiana, Litoria becki, Litoria bulmeri, Litoria dorsivena, Litoria leucova, and Litoria napaea Groups of Tyler and Davies (1978). Small to large New Guinea stream-dwelling frogs. The following nine species are all closely associated with clear-flowing streams and are included in Amnihyla in the absence of genetic data pending genetic material becoming available. Hyla brongersmai was not treated by Tyler and Davies (1978) but Menzies (2006) noted that its ‘habitat and morphology indicate that this species is correctly placed among the torrent breeders’. Oliver and Richards (2007) argued that based on its morphology and ecology Litoria fuscula is allied to the L. dorsivena species group. Richards and Bickford (2023) noted that the ecology of L. lakekamu ‘suggests that it is more likely to be related to the clade of torrent dwelling frogs including L. leucova ’. Litoria macki was described by Richards (2001) as a torrent dwelling species most similar to L. spinifera, a species within Amnihyla . Richards and Iskandar (2006) considered Litoria megalops to be most similar to L. micromembrana and L. modica, both within Amnihyla . Günther and Richards (2005) demonstrated that L. rara is closely related to L. rivicola within Amnihyla based on mitochondrial 12S rDNA nucleotide sequences, and that L. scabra is morphologically most similar to L. rivicola . Hyla napaea has large unpigmented eggs and was considered probably a ‘stream-breeding species’ (Tyler and Davies 1978). Tyler and Davies (1978) placed Hylella longicrus Boulenger, 1911 in their Litoria bicolor Group. With unpigmented eggs, a truncate vs. rounded snout and close association with clear-flowing streams it is clearly not in the Litoria bicolor Group, and we assign it tentatively to Amnihyla pending further studies.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B387A62201FFBE9C00F8A6FDEC5449	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Donnellan, Stephen C.;Mahony, Michael J.;Esquerré, Damien;Brennan, Ian G.;Price, Luke C.;Lemmon, Alan;Lemmon, Emily Moriarty;Günther, Rainer;Monis, Paul;Bertozzi, Terry;Keogh, J. Scott;Shea, Glenn M.;Richards, Stephen J.	Donnellan, Stephen C., Mahony, Michael J., Esquerré, Damien, Brennan, Ian G., Price, Luke C., Lemmon, Alan, Lemmon, Emily Moriarty, Günther, Rainer, Monis, Paul, Bertozzi, Terry, Keogh, J. Scott, Shea, Glenn M., Richards, Stephen J. (2025): Phylogenomics informs a generic revision of the Australo-Papuan treefrogs (Anura: Pelodryadidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 204, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15302843
03B387A62206FFBE9FFFFB7BFBB753B1.text	03B387A62206FFBE9FFFFB7BFBB753B1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Carichyla Mahony, Donnellan & Richards 2025	<div><p>Carichyla Mahony, Donnellan &amp; Richards, gen. nov.</p><p>(Fig. 11)</p><p>ZooBank LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 565D5CC3-9C17- 4BB6-8C76-D7DA56C0D 699 Type species: Eucnemis bicolor Gray, 1842 .</p><p>Content: Two species— Carichyla bicolor * (Gray, 1842) comb. nov., Carichyla viranula (Menzies, Richards &amp; Tyler, 2008) comb. nov.</p><p>Diagnosis: Carichyla can be diagnosed from members of the Drymomantis Sub-clade as follows: from Amnihyla except A. amnicola by pigmented vs. unpigmented eggs. It can be diagnosed from A. amnicola by the absence vs. presence of prominent tubercles on the hindlimb. It can be diagnosed from Exochohyla by a Type 1 vs. Type 1A tadpole oral disc and Type 1 vs. Type 6 overall tadpole morphology; from Exedrobatrachus by unornamented vs. tubercules on hindlimb, and toe disc equal to finger discs vs. smaller; from Hyalotos by a pigmented vs. transparent tympanum, small vs. medium or large eggs, absent vs. crenulated hindlimbs and spike, and fusiform vs. teardrop call envelope shape, a note rate change across the call vs. none; from Ischnohyla by a Type 1 vs. Type 3 tadpole oral disc, Type 1 vs. Type 2A overall tadpole morphology, and by spike-fusiform vs. left triangular, or left teardrop or oval call envelope shape, a note rate change across the call vs. none; from Kallistobatrachus by a Type 1 vs. Type 1B tadpole oral disc, Type 1 vs. Type 7 overall tadpole morphology, unornamented vs. tubercles or crenulations on the hindlimbs, and presence vs. absence of the alary process of the hyoid; from Lathrana by unornamented vs. tubercules on hindlimb, small vs. medium eggs, toe disc equal to finger discs vs. smaller, and presence vs. absence of the alary process of the hyoid, and spike-fusiform vs. oval call envelope shape, a note rate change across the call vs. none; from Nasutibatrachus and Teretistes by the absence of a rostral spike; further from Teretistes by small vs. large eggs, toe webbing reduced or fully webbed vs. minimally webbed, small vs. large egg size, a Type 1 vs. Type 3 tadpole oral disc, and spike-fusiform vs. triangular call envelope shape; from Viridihyla by small vs. large egg size, ossified vs. cartilaginous intercalary structure and presence vs. absence of the alary process of the hyoid. Carichyla can be diagnosed from Drymomantis by the presence vs. the absence of an unbroken lateral white stripe from the under the eye to the groin (Figs 11, 15), by a spike-fusiform vs. fusiform-spike call envelope shape (Table 2) and by 31 sites in the mitochondrial ND4 alignment (Table 3). Carichyla can be diagnosed from Papuahyla by presence vs.absence of the alary process of the hyoid, and a spike-fusiform vs. right triangular call envelope shape (Table 2) and by 13 sites in the mitochondrial ND4 alignment (Table 3). Refer to Tables 1, 2, and 3. Diagnosis of Carichyla from all other genera in the Drymomantis Sub-clade is supported by 189 sites distributed across eight AHE loci (Supporting Information, AHE loci diagnostic sites).</p><p>Distribution and ecology: Northern and eastern Australia and southern New Guinea. Arboreal frogs that are found in open permanent or seasonal grassy, sedge, or sago swamps in natural or altered lowland habitats, usually not in closed forests (Menzies 2006, Anstis 2017).</p><p>Etymology: The generic name for sedges, Carex (Latin) refers to a common name for the group ‘sedge frogs’. The stem for combining with other nouns is caric - (the study of sedges is caricology). See etymology for Amnihyla above for the derivation of Hyla .</p><p>Remarks: Carichyla is the equivalent to part of the Litoria bicolor Group of Tyler and Davies (1978). In the absence of genetic data for Litoria viranula, conservatively we have included it in Carichyla on the basis that Menzies et al. (2008) found it closest to L. bicolor in their multivariate analysis of morphometric variables. We also note that James' (1997) analysis of genetic data showed that C. bicolor is an unresolved species complex which is also consistent with the diversity for this taxon in our ND4 data (Fig. 1).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B387A62206FFBE9FFFFB7BFBB753B1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Donnellan, Stephen C.;Mahony, Michael J.;Esquerré, Damien;Brennan, Ian G.;Price, Luke C.;Lemmon, Alan;Lemmon, Emily Moriarty;Günther, Rainer;Monis, Paul;Bertozzi, Terry;Keogh, J. Scott;Shea, Glenn M.;Richards, Stephen J.	Donnellan, Stephen C., Mahony, Michael J., Esquerré, Damien, Brennan, Ian G., Price, Luke C., Lemmon, Alan, Lemmon, Emily Moriarty, Günther, Rainer, Monis, Paul, Bertozzi, Terry, Keogh, J. Scott, Shea, Glenn M., Richards, Stephen J. (2025): Phylogenomics informs a generic revision of the Australo-Papuan treefrogs (Anura: Pelodryadidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 204, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15302843
03B387A62206FFBC9C2EFD59FE795636.text	03B387A62206FFBC9C2EFD59FE795636.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chlorohyla Mahony, Donnellan & Richards 2025	<div><p>Chlorohyla Mahony, Donnellan &amp; Richards, gen. nov.</p><p>(Fig. 11)</p><p>ZooBank LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 395E8CA0-986F-4F81- 913B-3239EBB0B7DE Type species: Hyla gracilenta Peters, 1869 .</p><p>Content: 12 species— Chlorohyla aruensis (Horst, 1883) comb. nov., Chlorohyla auae * (Menzies &amp; Tyler, 2004) comb. nov., Chlorohyla bella * (McDonald, Rowley, Richards &amp; Frankham, 2016) comb. nov., Chlorohyla callista (Kraus, 2013b) comb. nov., Chlorohyla chloris * (Boulenger, 1892) comb. nov., Chlorohyla elkeae *(Günther&amp;Richards,2000) comb.nov., Chlorohylaeschata (Kraus and Allison, 2009) comb. nov., Chlorohyla gracilenta * (Peters, 1869) comb. nov., Chlorohyla kumae (Menzies &amp; Tyler, 2004) comb. nov., Chlorohyla robinsonae (Oliver, Stuart-Fox &amp; Richards, 2008) comb. nov., Chlorohyla vagabunda (Peters &amp; Doria, 1878) comb. nov., Chlorohyla xanthomera * (Davies, McDonald &amp; Adams, 1986) comb. nov.</p><p>Diagnosis: Chlorohyla can be diagnosed from the sister taxon Pelodryas by overall tadpole morphology Type 4 vs. Type 1,</p><p>and by frequency modulated vs. non-modulated calls. Refer to Tables 1 and 2.</p><p>Distribution and ecology: Arboreal frogs that breed in ponds, found in forest and savannah habitats and modified landscapes in eastern Australia and New Guinea and surrounding islands.</p><p>Etymology: Refers to the bright green colour (Greek chlorós) of frogs (Greek Hyla) in this lineage. The gender is feminine.</p><p>Remarks: Chlorohyla corresponds in part to the Litoria aruensis Group ( C. aruensis, C. chloris and C. gracilenta) of Tyler and Davies (1978). We have conservatively placed Hyla vagabunda Peters &amp; Doria, 1878 in Chlorohyla based on Menzies’ (2006) discussion of its affinities. Menzies (2006) suggested affinity with Litoria gracilenta based on a pale canthal stripe, but also indicated that the hands are unwebbed (S.J.R. observations also confirm reduced toe webbing), whereas Chlorohyla have finger webbing. It is known only from two specimens from Seram, Maluku Province, and Sorong, Southwest Papua Province, Indonesia. Tyler and Davies (1978) placed it in their monotypic Litoria vagabunda Group. A confident understanding of the affinities of H. vagabunda awaits the availability of further material. Five additional species lacking genetic data are included within Chlorohyla: C. aruensis, C. callista, C. eschata, C. kumae, and C. robinsonae . Hyla aruensis was considered a member of the Litoria gracilenta group by Menzies (2006). All of the others are moderately small green frogs with a pale canthal stripe that were assigned to the L. gracilenta group or considered related to that species in their original descriptions (Menzies and Tyler 2004, Oliver et al. 2008, Kraus and Allison 2009, Kraus 2013b).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B387A62206FFBC9C2EFD59FE795636	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Donnellan, Stephen C.;Mahony, Michael J.;Esquerré, Damien;Brennan, Ian G.;Price, Luke C.;Lemmon, Alan;Lemmon, Emily Moriarty;Günther, Rainer;Monis, Paul;Bertozzi, Terry;Keogh, J. Scott;Shea, Glenn M.;Richards, Stephen J.	Donnellan, Stephen C., Mahony, Michael J., Esquerré, Damien, Brennan, Ian G., Price, Luke C., Lemmon, Alan, Lemmon, Emily Moriarty, Günther, Rainer, Monis, Paul, Bertozzi, Terry, Keogh, J. Scott, Shea, Glenn M., Richards, Stephen J. (2025): Phylogenomics informs a generic revision of the Australo-Papuan treefrogs (Anura: Pelodryadidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 204, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15302843
03B387A62204FFBC9FBCF9C2FE0E533B.text	03B387A62204FFBC9FBCF9C2FE0E533B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coggerdonia Wells & Wellington 1985	<div><p>Coggerdonia Wells &amp; Wellington, 1985: 4</p><p>(Fig. 12)</p><p>Type species: Hyla adelaidensis Gray, 1841, by original designation.</p><p>Content: One species— Coggerdonia adelaidensis * (Gray, 1841) .</p><p>Diagnosis: Coggerdonia can be diagnosed from Mahonabatrachus by medium vs. small size; from Litoria and Mahonabatrachus by reduced finger webbing vs. none; and from Litoria by the absence vs. presence of an alary process of hyoid. Refer to Tables 1 and 2.</p><p>Distribution and ecology: Arboreal frogs that call from emergent reeds in permanent ponds or slow-moving water, found in forests and woodlands and modified landscapes in south-western Australia.</p><p>Etymology: According to Wells and Wellington (1985), named for Harold Cogger, in recognition of his contributions to Australian herpetology. The gender is feminine.</p><p>Remarks: Coggerdonia is the equivalent of the Litoria adelaidensis Group of Tyler and Davies (1978).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B387A62204FFBC9FBCF9C2FE0E533B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Donnellan, Stephen C.;Mahony, Michael J.;Esquerré, Damien;Brennan, Ian G.;Price, Luke C.;Lemmon, Alan;Lemmon, Emily Moriarty;Günther, Rainer;Monis, Paul;Bertozzi, Terry;Keogh, J. Scott;Shea, Glenn M.;Richards, Stephen J.	Donnellan, Stephen C., Mahony, Michael J., Esquerré, Damien, Brennan, Ian G., Price, Luke C., Lemmon, Alan, Lemmon, Emily Moriarty, Günther, Rainer, Monis, Paul, Bertozzi, Terry, Keogh, J. Scott, Shea, Glenn M., Richards, Stephen J. (2025): Phylogenomics informs a generic revision of the Australo-Papuan treefrogs (Anura: Pelodryadidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 204, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15302843
03B387A62204FFBC9FACFCD0FC87547D.text	03B387A62204FFBC9FACFCD0FC87547D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Colleeneremia Wells and Wellington 1985	<div><p>Colleeneremia Wells and Wellington, 1985: 4</p><p>(Fig. 12)</p><p>Type species: Hyla rubella Gray, 1842, by original designation.</p><p>Content: 12 species— Colleeneremia balatus * (Rowley, Mahony, Hines, Myers, Price, Shea &amp; Donnellan, 2021) comb. nov., Colleeneremia capitula * (Tyler, 1968) comb. nov., Colleeneremia congenita * (Peters &amp; Doria, 1878) comb. nov., Colleeneremia dentata * (Keferstein, 1868) comb. nov., Colleeneremia electrica * (Ingram &amp; Corben, 1990) comb. nov., Colleeneremia pygmaea * (Meyer, 1874) comb. nov., Colleeneremia quadrilineata (Tyler &amp; Parker, 1974) comb. nov., Colleeneremia quiritatus * (Rowley, Mahony, Hines, Myers, Price, Shea &amp; Donnellan, 2021) comb. nov., Colleeneremia rubella * (Gray, 1842), Colleeneremia rueppelli * (Boettger, 1895) comb. nov., Colleeneremia umbonata (Tyler &amp; Davies, 1983) comb. nov., Colleeneremia wisselensis (Tyler, 1968a) comb. nov.</p><p>Diagnosis: Colleeneremia can be diagnosed from the sister taxon Pengilleyia by small to medium vs. large size and calls with a densely pulsatile structure in which the notes are not fully amplitude modulated compared with note repetition in which the notes are fully amplitude modulated. Refer to Tables 1 and 2.</p><p>Distribution and ecology: Arboreal frogs that breed in ephemeral ponds and are found in forests, woodlands, arid shrublands, and modified landscapes in the northern two-thirds of Australia, New Guinea and surrounding islands, and the province of East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia.</p><p>Etymology: According to Wells and Wellington (1985), named for Miss Colleen Montgomery of Sydney in appreciation for her interest in wildlife conservation. The gender is feminine.</p><p>Remarks: Colleeneremia is the equivalent of the Litoria rubella and L. quadrilineata Groups ofTyler and Davies (1978). Three species lacking genetic data are included in Colleeneremia: C. quadrilineata, C. umbonata, and C. wisselensis . Tyler and Davies (1978) included L. wisselensis in the Litoria rubella Group (= Colleeneremia) and L. quadrilineata in a separate, monotypic group. Tyler and Davies (1983) subsequently placed L. umbonata and L. wisselensis in a separate group. However, based on their very short legs Menzies (2006) included all three species in the Litoria rubella ‘complex’ and we follow this arrangement pending availability of genetic data.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B387A62204FFBC9FACFCD0FC87547D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Donnellan, Stephen C.;Mahony, Michael J.;Esquerré, Damien;Brennan, Ian G.;Price, Luke C.;Lemmon, Alan;Lemmon, Emily Moriarty;Günther, Rainer;Monis, Paul;Bertozzi, Terry;Keogh, J. Scott;Shea, Glenn M.;Richards, Stephen J.	Donnellan, Stephen C., Mahony, Michael J., Esquerré, Damien, Brennan, Ian G., Price, Luke C., Lemmon, Alan, Lemmon, Emily Moriarty, Günther, Rainer, Monis, Paul, Bertozzi, Terry, Keogh, J. Scott, Shea, Glenn M., Richards, Stephen J. (2025): Phylogenomics informs a generic revision of the Australo-Papuan treefrogs (Anura: Pelodryadidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 204, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15302843
03B387A62208FFB09E7CFAAAFB1B53AD.text	03B387A62208FFB09E7CFAAAFB1B53AD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Drymomantis Peters 1882	<div><p>Drymomantis Peters, 1882: 8</p><p>(Fig. 15)</p><p>Synonymy</p><p>Hylomantis Peters 1880: 224, based on fallax, is preoccupied by Hylomantis Peters, 1873: 293 (type species, Hylomantis aspera Peters, 1873 from Bahia).</p><p>Drymomantis Peters 1882: 8 is a replacement name for Hylomantis Peters, 1880 .</p><p>Duellman et al. (2016) mis-spelt Drymomantis as Dryomiantis.</p><p>Type species: Hylomantis fallax Peters, 1880 .</p><p>Content: Three species— Drymomantis cooloolensis * (Liem, 1974), Drymomantis fallax * (Peters, 1880), Drymomantis olongburensis * (Liem &amp; Ingram, 1977) .</p><p>Diagnosis: Drymomantis can be diagnosed from the other members of the Drymomantis Sub-clade as follows: from Amnihyla except A. amnicola by pigmented vs. unpigmented eggs, by a Type 1 vs. Type 3 tadpole oral disc, and Type 1 vs. Type 6 or 7 overall tadpole morphology. It can be diagnosed from A. amnicola by the unornamented vs. prominent tubercles on the hindlimb. It can be diagnosed from Exedrobatrachus by small vs. medium body size, presence vs. absence of vomerine teeth, unornamented vs. tubercules on hindlimb, toe disc equal to finger discs vs. smaller, and unornamented vs. tubercules on the hindlimb; from Exochohyla by absent vs. present rostral spike, unornamented vs. tubercules or crenulations on hindlimb, small vs. large egg size, and a Type 1 vs. Type 1A tadpole oral disc, and Type 1 vs. Type 6 overall tadpole morphology; from Hyalotos by a pigmented vs. transparent tympanum, small vs. medium or large egg size, unornamented vs. tubercules and crenulations on the hindlimb, and fusiform-spike vs. teardrop call envelope shape, a note rate change across the call vs. none; from Ischnohyla by a Type 1 vs. Type 3 tadpole oral disc, Type 1 vs. Type 2A overall tadpole morphology, and fusiform-spike vs. left triangular, left teardrop, or oval call envelope shape, a note rate change across the call vs. none; from Kallistobatrachus by unornamented vs. tubercules or crenulations on the hindlimb, a Type 1 vs. Type 1B tadpole oral disc, and Type 1 vs. Type 7 overall tadpole morphology; from Lathrana by small vs. medium body size, unornamented vs. tubercules on hindlimb, toe disc equal to finger discs vs. smaller, small vs. medium eggs, and fusiform-spike vs. oval call envelope shape, a note rate change across the call vs. none; from Nasutibatrachus and Teretistes by the absence of a rostral spike; further from Teretistes by reduced vs. no finger webbing, full or reduced vs. minimal toe webbing, small vs. large eggs, by a Type 1 vs. Type 3 tadpole oral disc, and fusiform-spike vs. triangular call envelope shape; from Viridihyla by ossified vs. cartilaginous intercalary structures, small vs. large eggs. Drymomantis can be diagnosed from Carichyla by the absence vs. the presence of an unbroken lateral white stripe from the under the eye to the groin (Figs 11, 15) by a fusiform-spike vs. spike-fusiform call envelope shape (Table 2), and by 31 sites in the mitochondrial ND4 alignment (Table 3). Drymomantis can be diagnosed from Papuahyla by a fusiform-spike vs. right triangular call envelope shape (Table 2) and by 16 sites in the mitochondrial ND4 alignment (Table 3). Refer to Tables 1, 2, and 3. Diagnosis of Drymomantis from all other genera in the Drymomantis Sub-clade is supported by 18 sites distributed across eight AHE loci (Supporting Information, AHE loci diagnostic sites).</p><p>Distribution and ecology: Eastern Australia. Arboreal frogs that are found in lowland open permanent or seasonal grassy or reedy swamps in natural or altered habitats, usually not in closed forests (Menzies 2006, Anstis 2017).</p><p>Etymology: Not stated by Peters, but presumably from the combination of the Greek ΔΡυμός (drymos, forest) and μᾰ́ντῐς (mantis, the green tree frog, Hyla arborea, of Ancient Greece). Mantis is masculine.</p><p>Remarks: Drymomantis is the equivalent to part of the Litoria bicolor Group of Tyler and Davies (1978).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B387A62208FFB09E7CFAAAFB1B53AD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Donnellan, Stephen C.;Mahony, Michael J.;Esquerré, Damien;Brennan, Ian G.;Price, Luke C.;Lemmon, Alan;Lemmon, Emily Moriarty;Günther, Rainer;Monis, Paul;Bertozzi, Terry;Keogh, J. Scott;Shea, Glenn M.;Richards, Stephen J.	Donnellan, Stephen C., Mahony, Michael J., Esquerré, Damien, Brennan, Ian G., Price, Luke C., Lemmon, Alan, Lemmon, Emily Moriarty, Günther, Rainer, Monis, Paul, Bertozzi, Terry, Keogh, J. Scott, Shea, Glenn M., Richards, Stephen J. (2025): Phylogenomics informs a generic revision of the Australo-Papuan treefrogs (Anura: Pelodryadidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 204, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15302843
03B387A62208FFB69CABFD69FF1A514B.text	03B387A62208FFB69CABFD69FF1A514B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dryopsophus Fitzinger 1843	<div><p>Dryopsophus Fitzinger 1843: 30</p><p>(Fig. 15)</p><p>Type species: ‘ Hyla citropa Péron’ (= Hyla citripoda Péron, 1807 = Hyla citropa Duméril &amp; Bibron 1841), by original designation.</p><p>Content: 10 species— Dryopsophus barringtonensis * (Copland, 1957), Dryopsophus citropa * (Péron, 1807), Dryopsophus daviesae * (Mahony, Knowles, Foster &amp; Donnellan, 2001), Dryopsophus kroombitensis * (Hoskin, Hines, Meyer, Clarke &amp; Cunningham, 2013) comb. nov., Dryopsophus nudidigitus * (Copland, 1963), Dryopsophus pearsoniana * (Copland, 1961), Dryopsophus phyllochrous * (Günther, 1863), Dryopsophus piperata (Tyler &amp; Davies, 1985), Dryopsophus spenceri * (Dubois, 1984), Dryopsophus subglandulosus * (Tyler &amp; Anstis, 1983) .</p><p>Diagnosis: Dryopsophus can be diagnosed from the other members of the Cyclorana – Eremnoculus Clade as follows: from Chlorohyla by the absence of the AMES vs. presence, by overall tadpole morphology Type 5 or 6 vs. 4; from Cyclorana by presence of the intercalary structure vs. absent except for C. alboguttata, small vs. large inner metatarsal tubercle, expanded vs. and unexpanded finger and toe discs, overall tadpole morphology Type 5 or 6 vs. Type 3; from Eremnoculus by medium vs. large ED/SVL, absent vs. well-developed palpebral reticulum, tadpole oral disc Type 1, 4, or 5 vs. Type 6, overall tadpole morphology Type 5 or 6 vs. Type 7; from Leptobatrachus by overall tadpole morphology Type 5 or 6 vs. Type 4; from Megatestis by medium vs. small ED/ SVL, minimally or reduced vs. fully webbed toes, developed vs. undeveloped finger discs, absence of the AMES vs. presence, a multi-divided vs. reduced m. palmaris longus, a high vs. low call dominant frequency; from Melvillihyla by a multiple note vs. single note call, by a complex call in seven of the 10 species vs. a simple call; from Mosleyia by granular vs. spinous nuptial pads, small or medium pigmented eggs vs. large unpigmented eggs, tadpole oral disc Type 1, 4, or 5 vs. Type 6, overall tadpole morphology Type 5 or 6 vs. Type 7; from Pelodryas by overall tadpole morphology Type 5 or 6 vs. Type 1 or 1A, absence vs. presence of the m. extensor brevis medius digiti IV, by a complex call in seven of the 10 species vs. a simple call; Ranoidea by the production of short higher pitched calls with fully amplitude modulated notes compared to relatively long low pitched calls of densely pulsatile notes, overall tadpole morphology Type 5 or 6 vs. Type 1, note repetition vs. densely pulsatile call, a high vs. low call dominant frequency; from Rhyaconastes by presence vs. absence of a vocal sac, absence of the AMES vs. presence, tadpole oral disc Type 1, 4, or 5 vs. Type 3; from Spicicalyx by unornamented hindlimb vs. crenulations on hindlimb, absence vs. presence of a heel spike, overall tadpole morphology Type 5 or 6 vs. Type 4, by a complex call in seven of the 10 species vs. a simple call. Refer to Tables 1 and 2.</p><p>Distribution and ecology: Forests in eastern Australia. Arboreal frogs found in lower riparian vegetation along flowing streams where they breed.</p><p>Etymology: Not stated by Fitzinger (1843), but presumably from the Greek ΔΡῦς (drys, oak tree) and ψόφος (psophos, a sound not produced by the human voice), so a sound calling from the trees. Both the original Greek noun and the Latinized version psophus are masculine (Article 30.1.3).</p><p>Remarks: Dryopsophus is the equivalent of the Litoria citropa and the Litoria maculata ( D. spenceri) Groups of Tyler and Davies (1978).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B387A62208FFB69CABFD69FF1A514B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Donnellan, Stephen C.;Mahony, Michael J.;Esquerré, Damien;Brennan, Ian G.;Price, Luke C.;Lemmon, Alan;Lemmon, Emily Moriarty;Günther, Rainer;Monis, Paul;Bertozzi, Terry;Keogh, J. Scott;Shea, Glenn M.;Richards, Stephen J.	Donnellan, Stephen C., Mahony, Michael J., Esquerré, Damien, Brennan, Ian G., Price, Luke C., Lemmon, Alan, Lemmon, Emily Moriarty, Günther, Rainer, Monis, Paul, Bertozzi, Terry, Keogh, J. Scott, Shea, Glenn M., Richards, Stephen J. (2025): Phylogenomics informs a generic revision of the Australo-Papuan treefrogs (Anura: Pelodryadidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 204, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15302843
03B387A6220EFFB69FE9FE15FB8F551D.text	03B387A6220EFFB69FE9FE15FB8F551D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eremnoculus Mahony, Richards & Donnellan 2025	<div><p>Eremnoculus Mahony, Richards &amp; Donnellan, gen. nov.</p><p>(Fig. 16)</p><p>ZooBank LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 3FD4893D-79A5- 4DE5-B308-E9C6EB520849 Type species: Hyla dayi Günther, 1897 .</p><p>Content: One species— Eremnoculus dayi * (Günther, 1897) comb. nov.</p><p>Diagnosis: Eremnoculus can be diagnosed from its sister lineage, Mosleyia, by presence of a vocal sac, presence of a well-developed palpebral reticulum, granular nuptial pads, and the presence of the AMES. Refer toTables 1 and 2.</p><p>Distribution and ecology: Australian Wet Tropics in north-eastern Queensland. Semi-aquatic frogs that breed in streams in tropical rainforest. Large unpigmented eggs laid under or glued to rocks; tadpoles with large, ventrally located suctorial oral discs.</p><p>Etymology: From the Greek ἐΡεμνός (eremnos, = black) and Latin oculus (eye), referring to large dark eye in the species. The gender of oculus is masculine.</p><p>Remarks: A monotypic lineage on a long branch associated with the torrent frogs, Mosleyia, also from the Australian Wet Tropics in north-eastern Queensland.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B387A6220EFFB69FE9FE15FB8F551D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Donnellan, Stephen C.;Mahony, Michael J.;Esquerré, Damien;Brennan, Ian G.;Price, Luke C.;Lemmon, Alan;Lemmon, Emily Moriarty;Günther, Rainer;Monis, Paul;Bertozzi, Terry;Keogh, J. Scott;Shea, Glenn M.;Richards, Stephen J.	Donnellan, Stephen C., Mahony, Michael J., Esquerré, Damien, Brennan, Ian G., Price, Luke C., Lemmon, Alan, Lemmon, Emily Moriarty, Günther, Rainer, Monis, Paul, Bertozzi, Terry, Keogh, J. Scott, Shea, Glenn M., Richards, Stephen J. (2025): Phylogenomics informs a generic revision of the Australo-Papuan treefrogs (Anura: Pelodryadidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 204, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15302843
03B387A6220EFFB69C48FA25FB8E51A9.text	03B387A6220EFFB69C48FA25FB8E51A9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Exedrobatrachus Richards, Mahony & Donnellan 2025	<div><p>Exedrobatrachus Richards, Mahony &amp; Donnellan, gen. nov.</p><p>(Fig. 16)</p><p>ZooBank LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 71F5CD28-163F-474F-97BF-66ADD805188E Type species: Litoria biakensis Günther, 2006 .</p><p>Content: One species— Exedrobatrachus biakensis * (Günther, 2006) comb. nov.</p><p>Diagnosis: Exedrobatrachus can be diagnosed from Papuahyla by tubercules on the hindlimb vs. an unornamented hindlimb, by a fusiform vs. right triangular call envelope shape, and 13 sites in the mitochondrial ND4 alignment (Table 3). Exedrobatrachus can be diagnosed from Exochohyla by the absence vs. presence of a rostral spike, the occurrence of small pigmented vs. large unpigmented ova; and from each species of Ischnohyla by species specific combination of each of the four following characters: by small vs. medium ( I. nigropunctata and I. umarensis) or large ( I. daraiensis and I. gracilis) eggs; pigmented vs. unpigmented ( I.gracilis) eggs; absence vs. presence ( I. gracilis and I. nigropunctata) of the vomerine teeth; toe discs smaller than finger disc vs. equal ( I. gracilis, I. nigropunctata, I. umarensis, and I. vocivincens). Refer to Tables 1 and 2.</p><p>Distribution and ecology: Arboreal frogs that are found in swamps with thickets of trees and brush on Biak Island, Papua Province, Indonesia (Günther 2006b).</p><p>Etymology: From the Greek ἔξεΔΡος (exedros, away from home) and βάτΡαΧος (batrachos, frog). Both the original batrachos and the Latinized batrachus are masculine (Article 30.1.3). The name alludes to the biogeographically and phylogenetically isolated nature of the lineage.</p><p>Remarks: A monotypic genus with a distribution confined to Biak Island, a continental island which harbours a number of endemic vertebrates (Bergmans and Sarbini 1985, Groves and Flannery 1994, Jacobs 2002).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B387A6220EFFB69C48FA25FB8E51A9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Donnellan, Stephen C.;Mahony, Michael J.;Esquerré, Damien;Brennan, Ian G.;Price, Luke C.;Lemmon, Alan;Lemmon, Emily Moriarty;Günther, Rainer;Monis, Paul;Bertozzi, Terry;Keogh, J. Scott;Shea, Glenn M.;Richards, Stephen J.	Donnellan, Stephen C., Mahony, Michael J., Esquerré, Damien, Brennan, Ian G., Price, Luke C., Lemmon, Alan, Lemmon, Emily Moriarty, Günther, Rainer, Monis, Paul, Bertozzi, Terry, Keogh, J. Scott, Shea, Glenn M., Richards, Stephen J. (2025): Phylogenomics informs a generic revision of the Australo-Papuan treefrogs (Anura: Pelodryadidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 204, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15302843
03B387A6220EFFB49C2AFF5BFEDF5566.text	03B387A6220EFFB49C2AFF5BFEDF5566.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Exochohyla Richards, Mahony & Donnellan 2025	<div><p>Exochohyla Richards, Mahony &amp; Donnellan, gen. nov.</p><p>(Fig. 16)</p><p>ZooBank LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 68B6B5AB-2585-4ED0- 8EC2-4A22D7174157 Type species: Hyla prora (Menzies, 1969) .</p><p>Content: Four species— Exochohyla chrisdahli * (Richards, 2007a) comb. nov., Exochohyla hilli (Hiaso &amp; Richards, 2006) comb. nov., Exochohyla humboldtorum * (Günther, 2006c) comb. nov., Exochohyla prora * (Menzies, 1969) comb. nov.</p><p>Diagnosis: Exochohyla can be diagnosed from other pelodryadids by a combination of rostral spike present in both sexes and enlarged tubercles or crenulated ornamentation of the hindlimbs. It can be further diagnosed from Ischnohyla by tadpole oral disc Type 1A vs. 3, and overall tadpole body morphology Type 6 vs. Type 2, a note rate change across the call vs. none. Refer to Tables 1 and 2.</p><p>Distribution and ecology: New Guinea and surrounding islands. Arboreal frogs that breed in small forest pools where eggs are known or expected to be glued to leaves overhanging the water until free-swimming tadpoles drop into water to complete development.</p><p>Etymology: From the Greek έξοΧος (exochos, projecting or jutting out) and Hyla (the frog genus). The name is feminine.</p><p>Remarks: Exochohyla is the equivalent of the Litoria prora Group of Tyler and Davies (1978). A rostral spike is present in both sexes, a unique character among pelodryadids. Litoria rostandi Kraus, 2007 is a junior synonym of Litoria hilli (IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group 2020). Genetic data for L. hilli are not available but its similarity to E. prora was noted in the original description and to E. humboldtorum in Kraus (2007).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B387A6220EFFB49C2AFF5BFEDF5566	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Donnellan, Stephen C.;Mahony, Michael J.;Esquerré, Damien;Brennan, Ian G.;Price, Luke C.;Lemmon, Alan;Lemmon, Emily Moriarty;Günther, Rainer;Monis, Paul;Bertozzi, Terry;Keogh, J. Scott;Shea, Glenn M.;Richards, Stephen J.	Donnellan, Stephen C., Mahony, Michael J., Esquerré, Damien, Brennan, Ian G., Price, Luke C., Lemmon, Alan, Lemmon, Emily Moriarty, Günther, Rainer, Monis, Paul, Bertozzi, Terry, Keogh, J. Scott, Shea, Glenn M., Richards, Stephen J. (2025): Phylogenomics informs a generic revision of the Australo-Papuan treefrogs (Anura: Pelodryadidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 204, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15302843
03B387A6220CFFB49FC3FA15FDCD52A2.text	03B387A6220CFFB49FC3FA15FDCD52A2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hyalotos Richards, Mahony & Donnellan 2025	<div><p>Hyalotos Richards, Mahony &amp; Donnellan, gen. nov.</p><p>(Fig. 17)</p><p>ZooBank LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 7C1C360B-D81D-4985-A93C-D065C201ED 53 Type species: Litoria richardsi Dennis &amp; Cunningham, 2006 .</p><p>Content: Three species— Hyalotos naispela * (Richards, Donnellan &amp; Oliver, 2023) comb. nov., Hyalotos richardsi * (Dennis &amp; Cunningham, 2006) comb.nov., Hyalotos singadanae * (Richards, 2005) comb. nov.</p><p>Diagnosis: Hyalotos can be diagnosed from other pelodryadids by a combination of a wholly or substantially transparent tympanum, crenulated ornamentation of the hindlimb, and medium to large, pigmented eggs, high dominant call frequency, absence of call frequency modulation, tear drop call envelope shape, none vs. a note rate change across the call. Refer to Tables 1 and 2.</p><p>Distribution and ecology: New Guinea lowlands to lower montane species. Arboreal frogs known or expected to lay eggs on tree trunks over tree-holes (Richards et al. 2023).</p><p>Etymology: From the Greek ὕαΛος (hyalos, glass) and Ωτός (otos, ear), alluding to the transparent tympanum. The name, based on otos, is neuter.</p><p>Remarks: The tympanum is predominantly transparent, a character unique among pelodryadids (Richards 2005, Denis and Cunningham 2006, Richards et al. 2023).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B387A6220CFFB49FC3FA15FDCD52A2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Donnellan, Stephen C.;Mahony, Michael J.;Esquerré, Damien;Brennan, Ian G.;Price, Luke C.;Lemmon, Alan;Lemmon, Emily Moriarty;Günther, Rainer;Monis, Paul;Bertozzi, Terry;Keogh, J. Scott;Shea, Glenn M.;Richards, Stephen J.	Donnellan, Stephen C., Mahony, Michael J., Esquerré, Damien, Brennan, Ian G., Price, Luke C., Lemmon, Alan, Lemmon, Emily Moriarty, Günther, Rainer, Monis, Paul, Bertozzi, Terry, Keogh, J. Scott, Shea, Glenn M., Richards, Stephen J. (2025): Phylogenomics informs a generic revision of the Australo-Papuan treefrogs (Anura: Pelodryadidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 204, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15302843
03B387A6220CFFA99FF6FE4EFD7E5231.text	03B387A6220CFFA99FF6FE4EFD7E5231.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ischnohyla Richards, Mahony & Donnellan 2025	<div><p>Ischnohyla Richards, Mahony &amp; Donnellan, gen. nov.</p><p>(Fig. 17)</p><p>ZooBank LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 7E77AC9B-CD9C-40B3-B7CD-1F1CBC5F492E Type species: Litoria nigropunctata (Meyer, 1874) .</p><p>Content: Five species— Ischnohyla daraiensis * (Richards, Donnellan &amp; Oliver, 2023) comb. nov., Ischnohyla gracilis * (Richards, Donnellan &amp; Oliver, 2023) comb. nov., Ischnohyla nigropunctata * (Meyer, 1874) comb. nov., Ischnohyla umarensis (Günther, 2004a) comb. nov., Ischnohyla vocivincens (Menzies, 1972) comb. nov.</p><p>Diagnosis: Ischnohyla can be diagnosed from its sister taxon Exochohyla by the absence of a heel and rostral spikes, the occurrence of large unpigmented ova vs. either the presence of small pigmented ova (one species) or medium-sized pigmented ova (two species) or large unpigmented ova (two species), no note rate change across the call vs. present. Refer to Tables 1 and 2.</p><p>Distribution and ecology: New Guinea and surrounding islands. Arboreal frogs that are found in forests, predominantly in lowland and foothill habitats.At least one species( gracilis) glues unpigmented eggs to leaves above forest pools or pools within slow-flowing streams, and one ( vocivincens) lays small, pigmented eggs in water.</p><p>Etymology: From the Greek ισΧνός (ischnos, weak, thin, or meagre) and the frog genus name Hyla, alluding to the slender body form of this genus. The gender, based on Hyla, is feminine.</p><p>Remarks: Ischnohyla is the equivalent in part ( I. nigropunctata and I. vocivincens) to the Litoria nigropunctata Group of Tyler and Davies (1978). Litoria obtusirostris Meyer, 1874 was described from Ansus, Yapen Island, the same type locality as I. nigropunctata . It is the same size as that species, and with the exception of being reported to have exceptionally long legs—possibly in error—and poorly developed vomerine teeth there is little to distinguish the two taxa (colour variation in nigropunctata is more extensive than previously recognized). Given that the holotype (and only known) specimen was destroyed during the Second World War, and that extensive collections of pelodryadids on Yapen Island in recent decades have failed to detect a species distinct from nigropunctata (D. Price, personal communication, R. Günther, personal observations), we tentatively place this species in the synonymy of I. nigropunctata .</p><p>We placed I. vocivincens in Ischnohyla because of Menzies’ (1972) diagnosis of a Litoria nigropunctata group that included both I. nigropunctata and I. vocivincens, the only two species of Ischnohyla described at that time. We also placed L. umarensis in Ischnohyla following Menzies’ (2006) placement of this species in the L. nigropunctata ‘complex’. A robust determination of these species’ relationships requires molecular genetic evidence.</p><p>Kallistobatrachus Richards, Mahony &amp; Donnellan, gen. nov.</p><p>(Fig. 18)</p><p>ZooBank LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:07817ADB-A3E8-4B1FB97F-86293 EBFA 986 Type species: Hyla iris Tyler, 1962 . 1897 .</p><p>Content: Eight species— Kallistobatrachus aplini * (Richards &amp; Donnellan, 2020) comb. nov., Kallistobatrachus beryllinus * (Richards &amp; Donnellan, 2023) comb. nov., Kallistobatrachus chloronotus * (Boulenger, 1911) comb. nov., Kallistobatrachus haematogaster * (Richards, Donnellan &amp; Oliver, 2023) comb. nov., Kallistobatrachus iris * (Tyler, 1962) comb. nov., Kallistobatrachus lisae * (Richards, Donnellan &amp; Oliver, 2023) comb. nov., Kallistobatrachus majikthise * (Johnston &amp; Richards, 1994) comb. nov., Kallistobatrachus ollauro (Menzies, 1993) comb. nov.</p><p>Diagnosis: Kallistobatrachus can be diagnosed from Lathrana by medium vs. short call duration and by variable vs. constant pulse rate; from Nasutibatrachus and Teretistes by the absence of a rostral spike vs. the presence in males only; and further from Teretistes by medium vs. high call dominant, fusiform or teardrop or spike vs. triangular call envelope shape and from Viridihyla by small to medium vs. large eggs, variable dorsal pattern (all species except K. beryllinus) vs. uniform green dorsum (Figs 18, 33). Refer to Tables 1 and 2.</p><p>Distribution and ecology: New Guinea lowland to montane arboreal frogs that are found in association with ponds. Some,</p><p>and probably all, lay eggs on leaves over water (Richards et al. 2023).</p><p>Etymology: From the Greek κάλλιστος (kallistos, very beautiful) and βάτΡαΧος (batrachus, frog), alluding to the beautiful coloration of the species. Both the original batrachos and the Latinized batrachus are masculine (Article 30.1.3).</p><p>Remarks: Kallistobatrachus is the equivalent in part ( K. chloronota) to the Litoria bicolor Group and in part ( K. iris) to the L. nigropunctata Group of Tyler and Davies (1978).</p><p>We here emend the specific epithet chloronota to chloronotus . The name refers to the green dorsum of the species, using the Greek notos (back) for the name. While it could be considered the name is being treated as a noun, the Greek noun ‘back’ is noton (neuter) or notos (masculine). There is no feminine form (nota is the plural of both noton and notos). Hence, by using the term nota in combination with the original feminine Hylella, Boulenger (1911) was using gender agreement to change the original source word into a Latinized feminine form, so it could be argued that he was using it as an adjective (green-backed).</p><p>We have conservatively placed Hylella chloronota Boulenger in Kallistobatrachus despite its sister relationship with Teretistes in the nuclear phylogenetic analysis (Fig. 2), which together are the sister to the other species of Kallistobatrachus . Kallistobatrachus chloronotus lacks a rostral spike, the presence of which is diagnostic for Teretistes, but we are unable on the available data to diagnose it from the remainder of Kallistobatrachus . Resolution of the generic allocation for Kallistobatrachus chloronotus awaits more comprehensive phenotypic dataandtheinclusionof Lathrana (thesisterlineageof Teretistes inour mitochondrial phylogeny, Fig. 1) in the nuclear gene phylogenomic analysis. Although genetic data are not available for L. ollauro that species is placed in Kallistobatrachus on the basis of its overall morphology,likely breeding strategy (eggs fixed to leaves over water), and its proposed relationship to L. iris byMenzies (2006).</p><p>While as a general principal we have used the first named species to be the type species for genera erected herein, we depart from this practice for Kallistobatrachus in view of the uncertainty for the relationships of Hylella chloronota Boulenger 1911 and instead instate Hyla iris Tyler 1962 as the type species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B387A6220CFFA99FF6FE4EFD7E5231	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Donnellan, Stephen C.;Mahony, Michael J.;Esquerré, Damien;Brennan, Ian G.;Price, Luke C.;Lemmon, Alan;Lemmon, Emily Moriarty;Günther, Rainer;Monis, Paul;Bertozzi, Terry;Keogh, J. Scott;Shea, Glenn M.;Richards, Stephen J.	Donnellan, Stephen C., Mahony, Michael J., Esquerré, Damien, Brennan, Ian G., Price, Luke C., Lemmon, Alan, Lemmon, Emily Moriarty, Günther, Rainer, Monis, Paul, Bertozzi, Terry, Keogh, J. Scott, Shea, Glenn M., Richards, Stephen J. (2025): Phylogenomics informs a generic revision of the Australo-Papuan treefrogs (Anura: Pelodryadidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 204, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15302843
03B387A62211FFA99FCFFDC3FC6356E5.text	03B387A62211FFA99FCFFDC3FC6356E5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lathrana Richards, Mahony & Donnellan 2025	<div><p>Lathrana Richards, Mahony &amp; Donnellan, gen. nov.</p><p>(Fig. 19)</p><p>ZooBank LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 47A793B5-4B74-45A4- A2AC-824365227066 Type species: Litoria verae Günther, 2004 .</p><p>Content: One species— Lathrana verae * (Günther, 2004) comb. nov.</p><p>Diagnosis: Lathrana can be diagnosed from Teretistes by the absence of a rostral spike, the presence of tubercle ornamentations on hindlimb, reduced vs. no webbing between the fingers, and medium vs. large egg size, medium vs. high call dominant frequency, oval vs. triangular call envelope shape, no note rate change across the call vs. present. Refer to Tables 1 and 2.</p><p>Distribution and ecology: Wondiwoi Mountains, Wandammen Peninsula in western Cenderawasih Bay, Papua Province, Indonesia (Günther 2004a). Arboreal frogs that breed in small swamps close to periodically flowing mountain streams.</p><p>Etymology: Based on the Greek ΛάθΡιος (lathrios, hidden or concealed, referring to the ‘hidden, unexpected’ divergence of this species) and Latin Rana (frog). The latter word is feminine.</p><p>Remarks: A monotypic lineage on a long branch associated with another monotypic and distinctive genus, Teretistes on another long branch.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B387A62211FFA99FCFFDC3FC6356E5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Donnellan, Stephen C.;Mahony, Michael J.;Esquerré, Damien;Brennan, Ian G.;Price, Luke C.;Lemmon, Alan;Lemmon, Emily Moriarty;Günther, Rainer;Monis, Paul;Bertozzi, Terry;Keogh, J. Scott;Shea, Glenn M.;Richards, Stephen J.	Donnellan, Stephen C., Mahony, Michael J., Esquerré, Damien, Brennan, Ian G., Price, Luke C., Lemmon, Alan, Lemmon, Emily Moriarty, Günther, Rainer, Monis, Paul, Bertozzi, Terry, Keogh, J. Scott, Shea, Glenn M., Richards, Stephen J. (2025): Phylogenomics informs a generic revision of the Australo-Papuan treefrogs (Anura: Pelodryadidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 204, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15302843
03B387A62211FFA99C21F98EFA1A519B.text	03B387A62211FFA99C21F98EFA1A519B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leptobatrachus Richards, Donnellan & Mahony 2025	<div><p>Leptobatrachus Richards, Donnellan &amp; Mahony, gen. nov.</p><p>(Fig. 19)</p><p>ZooBank LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: E426591D-82ED-443F-B500-DF10DF135A0F Type species: Hyla impura Peters &amp; Doria, 1878 .</p><p>Content: Five species— Leptobatrachus flavescens (Kraus and Allison, 2004a) comb. nov., Leptobatrachus impurus * (Peters &amp; Doria, 1878) comb. nov., Leptobatrachus insularis * (Richards and Oliver, 2023) comb.nov., Leptobatrachus luteus * (Boulenger, 1887) comb. nov., Leptobatrachus thesaurensis * (Peters, 1877) comb. nov.</p><p>Diagnosis: Leptobatrachus can be diagnosed from Cyclorana and Megatestis by the multi-divided state of the m. palmaris longus vs. a reduced state, overall tadpole morphology Type 4 vs. Type 3, and further from Megatestis by long vs. medium legs; from Cyclorana by long vs. short or medium length legs, small vs. large inner metatarsal tubercles, and presence vs. absence (in 12 of 13 species of Cyclorana) of intercalary structures. Refer to Tables 1 and 2.</p><p>Distribution and ecology: Arboreal frogs that are found in New Guinea and surrounding islands, Bismarck Archipelago, Solomon Islands. Leptobatrachus luteus is known to lay its eggs over tree hollows and bamboo stems (Zug and Fisher 2018; S. Richards, personal observations). Other species known or expected to lay eggs in small, slow-flowing streams or forest pools.</p><p>Etymology: From the Greek Λεπτός(leptos, slender) and βάτΡαΧος (batrachos, frog), in reference to the slender body form of the species. The gender is masculine.</p><p>Remarks: Leptobatrachus is the equivalent of the Litoria thesaurensis Group of Tyler and Davies (1978). Leptobatrachus luteus and L. thesaurensis are unusual in pelodryadids in that they have green pigmented bones that can be seen in life through the ventral skin. The bones of both L. flavescens and L. impurus lack the green coloration (Kraus and Allison 2004a, Menzies 2006). Genetic data are not available for Litoria flavescens, but it was placed in the Litoria thesaurensis group in the original description (Kraus and Allison 2004a) and in the Litoria thesaurensis complex by Menzies (2006).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B387A62211FFA99C21F98EFA1A519B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Donnellan, Stephen C.;Mahony, Michael J.;Esquerré, Damien;Brennan, Ian G.;Price, Luke C.;Lemmon, Alan;Lemmon, Emily Moriarty;Günther, Rainer;Monis, Paul;Bertozzi, Terry;Keogh, J. Scott;Shea, Glenn M.;Richards, Stephen J.	Donnellan, Stephen C., Mahony, Michael J., Esquerré, Damien, Brennan, Ian G., Price, Luke C., Lemmon, Alan, Lemmon, Emily Moriarty, Günther, Rainer, Monis, Paul, Bertozzi, Terry, Keogh, J. Scott, Shea, Glenn M., Richards, Stephen J. (2025): Phylogenomics informs a generic revision of the Australo-Papuan treefrogs (Anura: Pelodryadidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 204, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15302843
03B387A62211FFAE9C9FFEA3FF1A5401.text	03B387A62211FFAE9C9FFEA3FF1A5401.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Litoria Tschudi 1838	<div><p>Litoria Tschudi 1838: 77</p><p>(Fig. 20)</p><p>Synonymy</p><p>Lepthyla Duméril and Bibron 1841: 504 (manuscript name listed in synonymy of Litoria by Duméril and Bibron, abandoned by them due to the priority of Tschudi’s Litoria).</p><p>Pelobius Fitzinger 1843: 31 (type species also freycineti).</p><p>Type species: Litoria freycineti Tschudi, 1838, by monotypy.</p><p>Content: 13 species— Litoria axillaris * Doughty, 2011, Litoria coplandi * (Tyler, 1968b), Litoria freycineti * Tschudi, 1838, Litoria inermis * (Peters, 1867), Litoria latopalmata * (Günther, 1867), Litoria nasuta * (Gray, 1842), Litoria nigrofrenata * (Günther, 1867), Litoria pallida * Davies, Martin &amp; Watson, 1983, Litoria personata * Tyler, Davies &amp; Martin, 1978, Litoria spaldingi * (Hosmer, 1964), Litoria staccato * Doughty &amp; Anstis, 2007, Litoria tornieri * (Nieden, 1923), Litoria watjulumensis * (Copland, 1957) .</p><p>Diagnosis: Litoria can be diagnosed from the sister taxon Coggerdonia by the absence of finger webbing, minimal vs. reduced toe webbing, the presence of an alary process of the hyoid, overall tadpole morphology Type 2, 2A or 6 vs. Type 1, and defined vs. non-defined call duration (nine of 13 species). Refer to Tables 1 and 2.</p><p>Distribution and ecology: Terrestrial frogs that breed in ponds, streams, and flooded areas, found in grasslands, forests, woodlands, and heaths or rocky habitats in ranges in eastern and northern Australia and southern New Guinean mainland.</p><p>Etymology: Tschudi (1838) did not provide an etymology, and Duméril and Bibron (1841) were also unclear of its meaning, suggesting that it was either derived from the Greek Λῐθος (lithos, which they translate as ‘terre légère’, or thin soil) or Latin litos meaning is or is on the shore (presumably meaning the Latin litus / litoris, which has that meaning). According to Duellman et al. (2016), ‘the generic name is the Latin noun ‘ litoris ’ meaning shore. Inasmuch as Tschudi’s (1838) description was based on material he observed in Paris that was plundered from a British ship leaving Australia, he may have assumed that the frog lived near the shore’. Meagher (2013) also notes the potential for a derivation from the coastline [stating the formation of litoris as being from Greek, as with all other Tschudi generic names: Λῑτός (litos, which he translated as shore, although it actually means simple) and ὅΡος (oros, boundary)], but also suggests potential for the name being derived from the Greek ‘simple’ in allusion to the appearance of the frog. However, it is also possible that Duméril and Bibron were partially correct with their first suggestion, with a derivation from the Greek for stone potentially relating to the mottled brown coloration and rough skin texture of the species. Whatever the origin, assuming a derivation from Greek [either lithos or litos, Latinized with the addition of the suffix – ia, determines the gender as feminine (Article 30.1.3)].</p><p>Remarks: Litoria comprises the Litoria coplandi, L. freycineti, L. latopalmata, and L. nigrofrenata Groups of Tyler and Davies (1978).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B387A62211FFAE9C9FFEA3FF1A5401	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Donnellan, Stephen C.;Mahony, Michael J.;Esquerré, Damien;Brennan, Ian G.;Price, Luke C.;Lemmon, Alan;Lemmon, Emily Moriarty;Günther, Rainer;Monis, Paul;Bertozzi, Terry;Keogh, J. Scott;Shea, Glenn M.;Richards, Stephen J.	Donnellan, Stephen C., Mahony, Michael J., Esquerré, Damien, Brennan, Ian G., Price, Luke C., Lemmon, Alan, Lemmon, Emily Moriarty, Günther, Rainer, Monis, Paul, Bertozzi, Terry, Keogh, J. Scott, Shea, Glenn M., Richards, Stephen J. (2025): Phylogenomics informs a generic revision of the Australo-Papuan treefrogs (Anura: Pelodryadidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 204, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15302843
03B387A62216FFAE9FA1FB32FC315377.text	03B387A62216FFAE9FA1FB32FC315377.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mahonabatrachus Wells & Wellington 1985	<div><p>Mahonabatrachus Wells &amp; Wellington, 1985: 5</p><p>(Fig. 21)</p><p>Synonymy</p><p>Llewellynura Wells and Wellington, 1985: 5 .</p><p>Type species: Hyla meiriana Tyler, 1969, by original designation.</p><p>Content: Six species— Mahonabatrachus aurifer * (Anstis, Tyler, Roberts, Price &amp; Doughty, 2010) comb. nov., Mahonabatrachus dorsalis * (Macleay, 1878) comb. nov., Mahonabatrachus longirostris * (Tyler &amp; Davies, 1977) comb. nov., Mahonabatrachus meirianus * (Tyler, 1969), Mahonabatrachus microbelos * (Cogger, 1966) comb. nov., Mahonabatrachus timidus * (Tyler &amp; Parker, 1972) comb. nov.</p><p>Diagnosis: Mahonabatrachus can be diagnosed from Coggerdonia by small vs. medium body size, medium vs. small ED/SVL, overall tadpole morphology Type 2, 5, or 6 vs. Type 1, and none vs. reduced finger webbing. Mahonabatrachus can be diagnosed from Litoria by small vs. medium body size, defined vs. non-defined call duration (nine of 13 species). All Mahonabatrachus except M. microbelos can be diagnosed from Amnihyla by the presence vs. absence of an alary process of the hyoid. Mahonabatrachus microbelos can be diagnosed from Amnihyla by an oral dics Type 1 vs. Type 3 or 6B and by an overall tadpole morphology Type 2 vs. Type 6 or 7. It can be diagnosed from the other members of the Drymomantis Sub-clade as follows: from Carichyla, Drymomantis, and Papuahyla by overall tadpole morphology Type 2, 5, or 6 vs. Type 1; from Exochohyla, Nasutibatrachus, and Teretistes by the absence of a rostral spike vs. presence; from Exedrobatrachus and Viridihyla by small vs. medium body size, by no vs. reduced or fully webbed fingers, further from Exedrobatrachus by toe discs equal to finger discs in size vs. smaller; from Hyalotos by pigmented vs. transparent tympanum, small pigmented vs. medium to large pigmented eggs; from Ischnohyla by overall tadpole morphology Type 2, 5, or 6 vs. Type 2A, by no vs. reduced or fully webbed fingers; from Kallistobatrachus by small vs. medium body size, overall tadpole morphology Type 2, 5, or 6 vs. Type 7; from Lathrana by small vs. medium body size, no vs. reduced finger webbing, toe discs equal to finger discs in size vs. smaller, and small vs. medium eggs. Refer to Tables 1 and 2.</p><p>Distribution and ecology: Terrestrial and saxicoline frogs that breed in ephemeral and permanent streams and still water in grasslands, forests, and savannah woodlands, and rocky terrains in northern Australia and the southern New Guinean mainland.</p><p>Etymology: According to Wells and Wellington (1985), named for Michael Mahony in recognition of his research on Australia’s amphibians. The gender, based on batrachus (frog), is masculine.</p><p>Remarks: Mahonabatrachus is the equivalent of the Litoria dorsalis and L. meiriana Groups of Tyler and Davies (1978).</p><p>For Litoria aurifera Anstis, Tyler, Roberts, Price and Doughty 2010, the specific epithet is feminine, but becomes aurifer (masculine) in combination with a generic name based on batrachus.</p><p>Information on the derivation of the specific epithet was not provided in the original description of Litoria meiriana Tyler 1969 . Our investigations would indicate that it is derived from meiri = waterhole as listed in Baldwin Spencer’s book ‘Native Tribes of the Northern Territory of Australia’ (Spencer, 1914: 460). As such meiriana is an adjective and becomes meirianus in a masculine genus.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B387A62216FFAE9FA1FB32FC315377	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Donnellan, Stephen C.;Mahony, Michael J.;Esquerré, Damien;Brennan, Ian G.;Price, Luke C.;Lemmon, Alan;Lemmon, Emily Moriarty;Günther, Rainer;Monis, Paul;Bertozzi, Terry;Keogh, J. Scott;Shea, Glenn M.;Richards, Stephen J.	Donnellan, Stephen C., Mahony, Michael J., Esquerré, Damien, Brennan, Ian G., Price, Luke C., Lemmon, Alan, Lemmon, Emily Moriarty, Günther, Rainer, Monis, Paul, Bertozzi, Terry, Keogh, J. Scott, Shea, Glenn M., Richards, Stephen J. (2025): Phylogenomics informs a generic revision of the Australo-Papuan treefrogs (Anura: Pelodryadidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 204, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15302843
03B387A62216FFAD9C33FC05FBD9518F.text	03B387A62216FFAD9C33FC05FBD9518F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Megatestis Donnellan, Mahony & Richards 2025	<div><p>Megatestis Donnellan, Mahony &amp; Richards, gen. nov.</p><p>(Fig. 22)</p><p>ZooBank LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: F90744D2-FE44-49F8- 8765-81A1D77F863D Type species: Chiroleptes dahlii Boulenger, 1896 .</p><p>Content: One species— Megatestis dahlii * (Boulenger, 1896) comb. nov.</p><p>Diagnosis: Megatestis can be diagnosed from the sister taxon Leptobatrachus by medium vs. long legs, undeveloped vs. expanded finger discs, and the reduced state of the m. palmaris longus vs. a multi-divided state; from Cyclorana by fully vs. minimal toe webbing, small vs. large inner metatarsal tubercles, presence vs. absence (in 13 of 14 species of Cyclorana) of intercalary structures, and by defined vs. non-defined call duration. Refer to Tables 1 and 2.</p><p>Distribution and ecology: Semi-aquatic frogs that breed in large permanent waterbodies in grasslands and savannah forest in northern Australia.</p><p>Etymology: From the Greek μέγᾰ́ς (megas, large, mighty, marvellous) and Latin testis (the organ, itself based on the Latin noun meaning witness, in reference to the Roman legal system which permitted only males to testify; Field and Harrison 1968), referring to the spectacularly large testis to body mass ratio exhibited by this species, among the largest in the animal kingdom. The gender is masculine.</p><p>Remarks: Megatestis was included in the Litoria aurea Group of Tyler and Davies (1978). Males of Megatestis can have one of the largest relative testis masses of any animal, with values of 7.3–12.6% (Donnellan et al., unpublished data). While our data are not in accord with published values, 0.102% for M. dahlii in Byrne et al. (2002), in the absence of specimen voucher numbers in Byrne et al. (2002) we are unable to evaluate the reasons for the different observations. Currently monotypic but molecular genetic analyses indicate that Megatestis dahlii is a species complex (Donnellan and Mahony unpublished data).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B387A62216FFAD9C33FC05FBD9518F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Donnellan, Stephen C.;Mahony, Michael J.;Esquerré, Damien;Brennan, Ian G.;Price, Luke C.;Lemmon, Alan;Lemmon, Emily Moriarty;Günther, Rainer;Monis, Paul;Bertozzi, Terry;Keogh, J. Scott;Shea, Glenn M.;Richards, Stephen J.	Donnellan, Stephen C., Mahony, Michael J., Esquerré, Damien, Brennan, Ian G., Price, Luke C., Lemmon, Alan, Lemmon, Emily Moriarty, Günther, Rainer, Monis, Paul, Bertozzi, Terry, Keogh, J. Scott, Shea, Glenn M., Richards, Stephen J. (2025): Phylogenomics informs a generic revision of the Australo-Papuan treefrogs (Anura: Pelodryadidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 204, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15302843
03B387A62215FFA39C3BFF4EFE9C562C.text	03B387A62215FFA39C3BFF4EFE9C562C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Melvillihyla Richards, Donnellan & Mahony 2025	<div><p>Melvillihyla Richards, Donnellan &amp; Mahony, gen. nov.</p><p>(Fig. 22)</p><p>ZooBank LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 30C05CFB-255B-4889-A162-FEC1C99BAF 73 Type species: Litoria andiirrmalin McDonald , 1997.</p><p>Content: One species— Melvillihyla andiirrmalin * (McDonald, 1997) comb. nov.</p><p>Diagnosis: Melvillihyla can be diagnosed from Rhyaconastes by its large vs. medium size, ossified vs. cartilaginous intercalary structures, tadpole oral disc Type 1 vs. Type 3, overall tadpole morphology Type 5 vs. Type 6, and single vs. multiple notes per reproductive call. Refer to Tables 1 and 2.</p><p>Distribution and ecology: Terrestrial boulder dwelling frogs that breed in streams within rainforest in Cape Melville in north-eastern Australia.</p><p>Etymology: Named for Cape Melville, north Queensland which contains the species’ entire distribution. The gender, based on the frog generic name Hyla, is feminine.</p><p>Remarks: A monotypic genus with a distribution restricted to Cape Melville which has a unique combination of geology, rainforest and sclerophyll forest communities, and climate (McDonald 1997).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B387A62215FFA39C3BFF4EFE9C562C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Donnellan, Stephen C.;Mahony, Michael J.;Esquerré, Damien;Brennan, Ian G.;Price, Luke C.;Lemmon, Alan;Lemmon, Emily Moriarty;Günther, Rainer;Monis, Paul;Bertozzi, Terry;Keogh, J. Scott;Shea, Glenn M.;Richards, Stephen J.	Donnellan, Stephen C., Mahony, Michael J., Esquerré, Damien, Brennan, Ian G., Price, Luke C., Lemmon, Alan, Lemmon, Emily Moriarty, Günther, Rainer, Monis, Paul, Bertozzi, Terry, Keogh, J. Scott, Shea, Glenn M., Richards, Stephen J. (2025): Phylogenomics informs a generic revision of the Australo-Papuan treefrogs (Anura: Pelodryadidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 204, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15302843
03B387A6221BFFA39E62F9DCFF315166.text	03B387A6221BFFA39E62F9DCFF315166.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mosleyia Wells & Wellington 1985	<div><p>Mosleyia Wells &amp; Wellington, 1985: 5</p><p>(Fig. 22)</p><p>Type species: Hyla nannotis Andersson, 1916, by original designation.</p><p>Content: Four species— Mosleyia lorica * (Davies &amp; McDonald, 1979) comb. nov., Mosleyia nannotis * (Andersson, 1916), Mosleyia nyakalensis * (Liem 1974b), Mosleyia rheocola * (Liem 1974b) .</p><p>Diagnosis: Mosleyia can be diagnosed from its sister taxon, Eremnoculus, by absence of a vocal sac, absence of a well-developed palpebral reticulum, spinous nuptial pads, fully vs. minimal webbed toes, and the absence vs. presence of the AMES. Refer to Tables 1 and 2.</p><p>Distribution and ecology: Semi-aquatic frogs that are found along and breed in fast-flowing rocky streams in rainforests in north-eastern Australia. Large unpigmented eggs laid under or glued to rocks; tadpoles with large, ventrally located suctorial oral discs.</p><p>Etymology: According to Wells and Wellington (1985), named for Geoff Mosley, director of the Australian Conservation Foundation. Wells and Wellington did not specify a gender for the genus and did not include species with an adjectival specific epithet that would establish gender. In this circumstance, the generic name is considered feminine, following Article 30.2.4.</p><p>Remarks: Mosleyia is the equivalent of the Litoria nannotis Group of Tyler and Davies (1978). Eremnoculus and Mosleyia have suctorial tadpoles (Anstis 2017) that have a large adrostral cartilage (Haas and Richards 1998). In Eremnoculus dayi the adrostral cartilage is flexibly and synchondrotically connected to the pars alaris, whereas, in M. nannotis and M. rheocola, it is connected by ligaments.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B387A6221BFFA39E62F9DCFF315166	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Donnellan, Stephen C.;Mahony, Michael J.;Esquerré, Damien;Brennan, Ian G.;Price, Luke C.;Lemmon, Alan;Lemmon, Emily Moriarty;Günther, Rainer;Monis, Paul;Bertozzi, Terry;Keogh, J. Scott;Shea, Glenn M.;Richards, Stephen J.	Donnellan, Stephen C., Mahony, Michael J., Esquerré, Damien, Brennan, Ian G., Price, Luke C., Lemmon, Alan, Lemmon, Emily Moriarty, Günther, Rainer, Monis, Paul, Bertozzi, Terry, Keogh, J. Scott, Shea, Glenn M., Richards, Stephen J. (2025): Phylogenomics informs a generic revision of the Australo-Papuan treefrogs (Anura: Pelodryadidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 204, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15302843
03B387A6221BFFA39FE7FE18FBFA54AD.text	03B387A6221BFFA39FE7FE18FBFA54AD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nasutibatrachus Richards, Mahony & Donnellan 2025	<div><p>Nasutibatrachus Richards, Mahony &amp; Donnellan, gen. nov.</p><p>(Fig. 23)</p><p>ZooBank LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 7DF4855C-6953- 4D04-B969-C15F8D8B2013 Type species: Litoria mucro (Menzies, 1993) .</p><p>Content: Five species— Nasutibatrachus mareku (Günther, 2008) comb. nov., Nasutibatrachus mucro * (Menzies, 1993) comb. nov., Nasutibatrachus pinocchio (Oliver et al., 2019) comb. nov., Nasutibatrachus pronimius * (Menzies, 1993) comb. nov.,</p><p>Nasutibatrachus vivissimia* (Oliver, Richards &amp; Donnellan, 2019) comb. nov.</p><p>Diagnosis: Nasutibatrachus can be diagnosed from members of the Drymomantis Sub-clade except Exochohyla and Teretistes, by the presence of a rostral spike. It can be diagnosed from Exochohyla by the absence of the rostral spike in females vs. presence in both genders, short vs. medium mean call duration; from Teretistes by reduced vs. no finger webbing and reduced vs. minimal toe webbing. Refer to Tables 1 and 2.</p><p>Distribution and ecology: New Guinea mainland, near sea level up to at least 2200 m a.s.l. Arboreal frogs that breed in ponds and ditches but eggs and tadpoles unknown. Males call from foliage adjacent to lentic waterbodies in forest.</p><p>Etymology: From the adjectival form of the Latin nasus (nose) and the Greek βάτΡαΧος (batrachos, frog), alluding to the rostral projection. As with other generic names based on batrachus, the gender is masculine.</p><p>Remarks: Menzies (2006) considered havina, mucro, and pronimia to belong to the Litoria (= Kallistobatrachus) iris group. Description of the tadpole of K. pronimia by Menzies may refer to Teretistes havina . Genetic data are unavailable for Nasutibatrachus mareku and N. pinocchio but these are small, slender species in which the male has a rostral spike and Oliver et al. (2019) placed them in a phenetic group containing both N. mucro and N. pronimia .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B387A6221BFFA39FE7FE18FBFA54AD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Donnellan, Stephen C.;Mahony, Michael J.;Esquerré, Damien;Brennan, Ian G.;Price, Luke C.;Lemmon, Alan;Lemmon, Emily Moriarty;Günther, Rainer;Monis, Paul;Bertozzi, Terry;Keogh, J. Scott;Shea, Glenn M.;Richards, Stephen J.	Donnellan, Stephen C., Mahony, Michael J., Esquerré, Damien, Brennan, Ian G., Price, Luke C., Lemmon, Alan, Lemmon, Emily Moriarty, Günther, Rainer, Monis, Paul, Bertozzi, Terry, Keogh, J. Scott, Shea, Glenn M., Richards, Stephen J. (2025): Phylogenomics informs a generic revision of the Australo-Papuan treefrogs (Anura: Pelodryadidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 204, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15302843
03B387A6221BFFA19CBEFC6CFCB550EB.text	03B387A6221BFFA19CBEFC6CFCB550EB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nyctimystes Stejneger 1916	<div><p>Nyctimystes Stejneger 1916: 85</p><p>(Figs 24, 25)</p><p>Type species: Nyctimantis papua Boulenger, 1897, by monotypy.</p><p>Content: 32 species— Nyctimystes avocalis Zweifel, 1958, Nyctimystes bivocalis Kraus, 2012a, Nyctimystes calcaratus Menzies, 2014, Nyctimystes cheesmani * Tyler, 1964a, Nyctimystes cryptochrysos Kraus, 2012b, Nyctimystes daymani Zweifel, 1958, Nyctimystes disruptus * Tyler, 1963b, Nyctimystes eucavatus Menzies, 2014, Nyctimystes fluviatilis * Zweifel, 1958, Nyctimystes foricula * Tyler, 1963b, Nyctimystes granti (Boulenger, 1914), Nyctimystes gularis Parker, 1936, Nyctimystes humeralis * (Boulenger, 1912), Nyctimystes intercastellus * Kraus, 2012a, Nyctimystes kubori * Zweifel, 1958, Nyctimystes kuduki Richards, 2007b, Nyctimystes latratus Menzies, 2014, Nyctimystes montanus (Peters &amp; Doria, 1878), Nyctimystes myolae Menzies, 2014b, Nyctimystes narinosus Zweifel, 1958, N. obsoletus (Lönnberg, 1900), Nyctimystes ocreptus Menzies, 2014b, Nyctimystes oktediensis * Richards &amp; Johnston, 1993, Nyctimystes papua * (Boulenger, 1897a), Nyctimystes perimetri Zweifel, 1958, Nyctimystes persimilis Zweifel, 1958, Nyctimystes pulcher * (Wandolleck, 1911), Nyctimystes semipalmatus * Parker, 1936, Nyctimystes trachydermis Zweifel, 1983, Nyctimystes traunae Menzies, 2014, Nyctimystes tyleri Zweifel, 1983, Nyctimystes zweifeli * Tyler, 1967 .</p><p>Diagnosis: Nyctimystes can be diagnosed from all other pelodryadids by a combination of a vertical pupil, patterning on the palpebral membrane, and large unpigmented eggs. It can be diagnosed further from Sandyrana by the absence vs. presence of the m. extensor brevis medius digiti IV; from Sylvagemma by tadpole oral disc Type 6A (oral disc reported for only two species of Nyctimystes) vs. Type 1A. Refer to Tables 1 and 2.</p><p>Distribution and ecology: Arboreal frogs that are found in New Guinea and surrounding islands. These frogs are found across a wide elevational range from near sea level to 3200 m a.s.l. and have the highest species diversity in lower montane habitats (Menzies 2006). All species for which reproduction is known produce large unpigmented eggs that are laid in clear-flowing, often torrential, rocky streams. Tadpoles of only two species have been documented (Table 1); these have large, ventrally oriented suctorial mouthparts; all species in the genus are expected to exhibit this character.</p><p>Etymology: From the Greek νυκτός (nyktos), the genitive singular of νύξ (nyx, the night) and μῠ́στης (mystes, a mystic, one who has been initiated). The name is a parallel to the genus Nyctimantis, from which Stejneger separated the species (Meagher 2013). However, Stejneger assumed that mantis was from the Greek word meaning seer or prophet, instead of the alternate meaning of a tree frog, though linked to the first meaning through the belief that the tree frog was able to predict the weather (Liddell and Scott 1897). The gender is masculine.</p><p>Remarks: Nyctimystes is found only on the main island of New Guinea and the high islands of the D’Entrecasteaux group and the Louisiade Archipelago in the south-east. Few species have been recorded from the western half of New Guinea to date but whether the difference in species diversity with the eastern half of the island reflects a biogeographic pattern or sampling opportunities remains to be determined (Menzies 2014a). Nyctimystes oktediensis was synonymized with N. disruptus by Menzies (2014b) but it differs from that species in aspects of size and colour pattern (unspotted vs. spotted), and the two species are deeply divergent genetically (Fig. 1). Numerous species remain to be described (Menzies 2006; S. Richards, personal observations).</p><p>Species included in Nyctimystes in the absence of genetic data are placed in this genus on the basis of having a vertical pupil, a palpebral reticulum and, where known, large, unpigmented eggs.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B387A6221BFFA19CBEFC6CFCB550EB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Donnellan, Stephen C.;Mahony, Michael J.;Esquerré, Damien;Brennan, Ian G.;Price, Luke C.;Lemmon, Alan;Lemmon, Emily Moriarty;Günther, Rainer;Monis, Paul;Bertozzi, Terry;Keogh, J. Scott;Shea, Glenn M.;Richards, Stephen J.	Donnellan, Stephen C., Mahony, Michael J., Esquerré, Damien, Brennan, Ian G., Price, Luke C., Lemmon, Alan, Lemmon, Emily Moriarty, Günther, Rainer, Monis, Paul, Bertozzi, Terry, Keogh, J. Scott, Shea, Glenn M., Richards, Stephen J. (2025): Phylogenomics informs a generic revision of the Australo-Papuan treefrogs (Anura: Pelodryadidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 204, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15302843
03B387A62218FFA69FF6FE41FB385449.text	03B387A62218FFA69FF6FE41FB385449.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Papuahyla Donnellan, Mahony & Richards 2025	<div><p>Papuahyla Donnellan, Mahony &amp; Richards, gen. nov.</p><p>(Fig. 26)</p><p>ZooBank LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: D17E72ED-A24F-49F0-B9FE-45A99516009D Type species: Litoria chloristona Menzies, Richards &amp; Tyler, 2008 .</p><p>Content: Nine species— Papuahyla albolabris (Wandolleck, 1911) comb. nov., Papuahyla bibonius * (Kraus and Allison, 2004a) comb. nov., Papuahyla chloristona * (Menzies, Richards &amp; Tyler, 2008) comb. nov., Papuahyla contrastens (Tyler, 1968a) comb. nov., Papuahyla eurynastes (Menzies, Richards &amp; Tyler, 2008) comb. nov., Papuahyla lodesdema * (Menzies, Richards &amp; Tyler, 2008) comb. nov., Papuahyla louisiadensis * (Tyler, 1968a) comb. nov., Papuahyla mystax (Van Kampen, 1906) comb. nov., Papuahyla rubrops * (Kraus and Allison, 2004b) comb. nov.</p><p>Diagnosis: Papuahyla can be diagnosed from the other members of the Drymomantis Sub-clade as follows: from Amnihyla by a Type 1 vs. Type 3 tadpole oral disc, Type 1 vs. Type 6 or 7 overall tadpole morphology; and by a right triangular vs. fusiform, oval, rectangular, spike, or teardrop call envelope shape. It can be diagnosed further from A. amnicola by unornamented vs. prominent tubercles on the hindlimb. It can be diagnosed from Exedrobatrachus by unornamented vs. tubercules on hindlimb, by a right triangular vs. fusiform call envelope shape, and 13 sites in the mitochondrial ND4 alignment (Table 3); from Exochohyla by absence of the rostral spike, unornamented vs. tubercles or crenulations on hindlimb, small vs. large egg size, a Type 1 vs. Type 1A tadpole oral disc, and Type 1 vs. Type 6 overall tadpole morphology; from Hyalotos by a pigmented vs. transparent tympanum, unornamented vs. crenulations on hindlimb, small vs. medium or large eggs, and by a right triangular vs. teardrop call envelope shape; from Ischnohyla by a Type 1 vs. Type 3 tadpole oral disc, Type 1 vs. Type 2A overall tadpole morphology, and by a right triangular vs. left triangular, left teardrop, or oval call envelope shape; from Kallistobatrachus by unornamented vs. tubercles or crenulations on hindlimb, a Type 1 vs. Type 1B tadpole oral disc, Type 1 vs. Type 7 overall tadpole morphology, and by a right triangular vs. fusiform, spike, or teardrop call envelope shape; from Lathrana by unornamented vs. tubercules on hindlimb, small vs. medium eggs, and by a right triangular vs. oval call envelope shape, and a note rate change across the call vs. none; from Nasutibatrachus and Teretistes by the absence of a rostral spike; further from Teretistes by full or reduced vs. minimal toe webbing, small vs. large eggs, and a Type 1 vs. Type 3 tadpole oral disc; from Viridihyla by ossified vs. cartilaginous intercalary structures, small vs. large eggs, and by a right triangular vs. fusiform, left teardrop, or rectangular call envelope shape. Papuahyla can be diagnosed by a right triangular call envelope shape vs. a spike-fusiform in Carichyla and fusiform-spike in Drymomantis, respectively (Table 2), and from Carichyla and Drymomantis by 13 and 16 sites, respectively, in the mitochondrial ND4 alignment (Table 3). Refer to Tables 1, 2, and 3. Diagnosis of Papuahyla from all other genera in the Drymomantis Sub-clade is supported by 94 sites distributed across eight AHE loci (Supporting Information, AHE loci diagnostic sites).</p><p>Distribution and ecology: New Guinea and surrounding islands, Bismarck and Admiralty Archipelagos, and the Maluku and East Nusa Tenggara provinces of Indonesia. Arboreal frogs that are found in open permanent or seasonal grassy, reedy, or sago swamps in natural or altered habitats, usually not in closed forests (Menzies 2006, Anstis 2017), with most species in lowlands, except for D. contrastens which is a New Guinean highland species.</p><p>Etymology: Papua is a non-Latin non-Greek place name, a noun in apposition to a second noun ( Hyla), without any need to modify either word. See etymology for Amnihyla above for the derivation of Hyla .</p><p>Remarks: Papuahyla is the equivalent to part of the Litoria bicolor Group and to the Litoria albolabris Group of Tyler and Davies (1978).</p><p>In the absence of molecular genetic data and clear evidence of affinity from morphology for Hyla mystax Van Kampen, 1906 and Hyla albolabris Wandolleck, 1911, we placed these two taxa conservatively in Papuahyla .</p><p>For Hyla mystax, Menzies (2006) discussed its relationships with the Litoria bicolor assemblage. Tyler (1968a) compared it with other green in life New Guinean species within or near to the size range of H. mystax which served to distinguish it from these species without providing direction for its affinities. Tyler and Davies (1978) placed it, without discussion, in the Litoria bicolor Group. Richards and Donnellan (2023) demonstrated that H. mystax is morphologically similar to Kallistobatrachus beryllinus .</p><p>Hyla albolabris Wandolleck, 1911 is a small green species with spotted ventral surfaces and a SVL of 20–22mm (Menzies 2006). Most of the original specimens are lost and the remaining two are in such poor condition being extremely dehydrated, distorted, and brittle that comparison with other species is not achievable (Menzies 2006). Tyler (1968a) discussed the original series in detail and concluded it may have been composite as there appears to have been at least two size classes represented. Tyler and Davies (1978) placed it in their Litoria albolabris Group.</p><p>Two species, Hyla contrastens and Litoria eurynastes, that lack genetic data presently are conservatively included in Papuahyla because they were considered to be closely related to L. bicolor in their original descriptions (Tyler 1968a, Menzies et al. 2008) and these associations have not been refuted subsequently, and because they are more geographically allied with Papuahyla being remote from Drymomantis that is exclusively Australian and do not share distribution with Carichyla which in New Guinea only occurs in the Trans-Fly region. Papuahyla eurynastes is likely to be a species complex (Menzies et al. 2008).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B387A62218FFA69FF6FE41FB385449	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Donnellan, Stephen C.;Mahony, Michael J.;Esquerré, Damien;Brennan, Ian G.;Price, Luke C.;Lemmon, Alan;Lemmon, Emily Moriarty;Günther, Rainer;Monis, Paul;Bertozzi, Terry;Keogh, J. Scott;Shea, Glenn M.;Richards, Stephen J.	Donnellan, Stephen C., Mahony, Michael J., Esquerré, Damien, Brennan, Ian G., Price, Luke C., Lemmon, Alan, Lemmon, Emily Moriarty, Günther, Rainer, Monis, Paul, Bertozzi, Terry, Keogh, J. Scott, Shea, Glenn M., Richards, Stephen J. (2025): Phylogenomics informs a generic revision of the Australo-Papuan treefrogs (Anura: Pelodryadidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 204, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15302843
03B387A6223DFFB99CD9FD6FFA775795.text	03B387A6223DFFB99CD9FD6FFA775795.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pelodryadidae Gunther 1859	<div><p>Family Pelodryadidae Günther, 1859</p><p>Duellman et al. (2006) provided a definition for the family. Faivovich et al. (2010) discussed the lack of formal evidence for the monophyly of the pelodryadine frogs based on the limited range of species represented in molecular phylogenetic studies to that time and the absence of a morphological diagnosis. Elias-Costa et al. (2021) discussed the evolution of submandibular musculature in Anura and provided morphological synapomorphies for the Pelodryadidae, for which Faivovich et al. (2011) had previously defined the homology of structures for these muscles. Bossuyt and Roelants (2009) considered that the pelodryadine frogs should be regarded as a distinct family based on the age of their divergence from their sister lineage the Phyllomedusidae, while Dubois et al. (2021) argued for sub-family status on the basis of fitting a rank-based classification to a hypothesis of phylogenetic relationships, generated largely from mitochondrial DNA nucleotide sequences. Our comprehensive molecular phylogenetic analyses demonstrate the monophyly of the pelodryadine frogs and Hime et al.</p><p>719 TTCTTTTCC</p><p>711 CCCCGCCCC</p><p>701 AATATTATA</p><p>T</p><p>/</p><p>678 CCTTTTCCC</p><p>675 AAAAAAAGA</p><p>641 TTTTTTTCC</p><p>639 AAAAAAATA</p><p>616 TCTTCCTAT</p><p>615 AAAGAATAA</p><p>614 AATTGTCTG</p><p>611 CCCCTACCG</p><p>552 AAAAAAAAA</p><p>T /</p><p>551 AATAAAAAC</p><p>G /</p><p>548 AGGATAAGA</p><p>543 AAAAAGAGG</p><p>530 CTTTTTATT</p><p>494 AAAAAAAAA</p><p>G /</p><p>491 AAAGAAAAA</p><p>472 TTTCTCCTC</p><p>pronimius vivissimia</p><p>.</p><p>3</p><p>Table</p><p>Continued</p><p>Nasutibatrachus Nasutibatrachus Teretistes havina gasconi Viridihyla multiplica Viridihyla Viridihyla spectabilis adelaidensis Coggerdonia Litoria personata spaldingi Litoria</p><p>(2021) provide robust phylogenomic evidence of the relationships of the Pelodryadidae with other hyloid families.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B387A6223DFFB99CD9FD6FFA775795	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Donnellan, Stephen C.;Mahony, Michael J.;Esquerré, Damien;Brennan, Ian G.;Price, Luke C.;Lemmon, Alan;Lemmon, Emily Moriarty;Günther, Rainer;Monis, Paul;Bertozzi, Terry;Keogh, J. Scott;Shea, Glenn M.;Richards, Stephen J.	Donnellan, Stephen C., Mahony, Michael J., Esquerré, Damien, Brennan, Ian G., Price, Luke C., Lemmon, Alan, Lemmon, Emily Moriarty, Günther, Rainer, Monis, Paul, Bertozzi, Terry, Keogh, J. Scott, Shea, Glenn M., Richards, Stephen J. (2025): Phylogenomics informs a generic revision of the Australo-Papuan treefrogs (Anura: Pelodryadidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 204, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15302843
03B387A6221EFFA69CB0FB7BFB9D51A7.text	03B387A6221EFFA69CB0FB7BFB9D51A7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pelodryas Gunther 1859	<div><p>Pelodryas Günther, 1859: 119</p><p>(Fig. 27)</p><p>Type species: Rana caerulea White, 1790, by monotypy.</p><p>Content: Five species— Pelodryas caerulea * (White, 1790), Pelodryas cavernicola * (Tyler and Davies 1979b), Pelodryas gilleni * (Spencer, 1896), Pelodryas mira * (Oliver et al. 2021b) comb. nov., Pelodryas splendida * (Tyler, Davies &amp; Martin, 1977) .</p><p>Diagnosis: Pelodryas can be diagnosed from the sister taxon Chlorohyla by medium to very large vs. small to medium body size, medium vs. long TL/SVL, overall tadpole morphology Type 1 vs. Type 4, and non-modulated vs. frequency modulated calls. Refer to Tables 1 and 2.</p><p>Distribution and ecology: Arboreal and saxicoline frogs that breed in still or slowly flowing waters in streams, permanent and ephemeral waterbodies in arid and semi-arid woodlands and grasslands, forests, and tropical savannah in central, eastern, and northern Australia, southern and northern mainland New Guinea.</p><p>Etymology: Günther (1859) did not provide an etymology for the name, but it is presumably from the Greek πέλΩΡος (peloros, huge or immense) and ΔΡύας (dryas, a nymph or spirit of the woods), alluding to the large size of these tree frogs. Dryas is feminine. Duellman et al. (2016) incorrectly gave the derivation as from the Greek pelo meaning clay or mud and dryos meaning tree, and unsurprisingly were unable to identify the allusion.</p><p>Remarks: Pelodryas is the equivalent of the Litoria caerulea Group of Tyler and Davies (1978).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B387A6221EFFA69CB0FB7BFB9D51A7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Donnellan, Stephen C.;Mahony, Michael J.;Esquerré, Damien;Brennan, Ian G.;Price, Luke C.;Lemmon, Alan;Lemmon, Emily Moriarty;Günther, Rainer;Monis, Paul;Bertozzi, Terry;Keogh, J. Scott;Shea, Glenn M.;Richards, Stephen J.	Donnellan, Stephen C., Mahony, Michael J., Esquerré, Damien, Brennan, Ian G., Price, Luke C., Lemmon, Alan, Lemmon, Emily Moriarty, Günther, Rainer, Monis, Paul, Bertozzi, Terry, Keogh, J. Scott, Shea, Glenn M., Richards, Stephen J. (2025): Phylogenomics informs a generic revision of the Australo-Papuan treefrogs (Anura: Pelodryadidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 204, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15302843
03B387A6221EFFDB9CC1FF54FE44567D.text	03B387A6221EFFDB9CC1FF54FE44567D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pengilleyia Wells & Wellington 1985	<div><p>Pengilleyia Wells &amp; Wellington, 1985: 5</p><p>(Fig. 28)</p><p>Type species: Litoria tyleri Martin, Watson, Gartside, Littlejohn &amp; Loftus-Hills, 1979, by original designation.</p><p>Content: Six species— Pengilleyia amboinensis * (Horst, 1883) comb. nov., Pengilleyia darlingtoni * (Loveridge, 1945) comb. nov., Pengilleyia everetti * (Boulenger 1897b) comb. nov., Pengilleyia peronii * (Tschudi, 1938), Pengilleyia rothii * (De Vis, 1884), Pengilleyia tyleri * (Martin, Watson, Gartside, Littlejohn &amp; Loftus-Hill, 1979) .</p><p>Diagnosis: Pengilleyia can be diagnosed from Colleeneremia by large vs. small or medium body size, three vs. two slips of the m. extensor digitorum communis, a call type that has note repetition vs. densely pulsatile, and a call that is fully amplitude modulated vs. without full amplitude modulation. Refer to Tables 1 and 2.</p><p>Distribution and ecology: Arboreal frogs that breed in permanent ponds and flooded areas in forests, woodlands, and savannahs in eastern and northern Australia, New Guinea, and the Indonesian provinces of East Nusa Tenggara and Maluku.</p><p>Etymology: According to Wells and Wellington (1985), named for David Pengilley, in recognition of his interest in the effects of urbanization on herpetofauna. By their original inclusion of the feminine adjectival specific epithet serrata in the genus, Wells and Wellington treated the name as feminine (Article 30.2.3).</p><p>Remarks: Pengilleyia is the equivalent of the Litoria peronii Group of Tyler and Davies (1978).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B387A6221EFFDB9CC1FF54FE44567D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Donnellan, Stephen C.;Mahony, Michael J.;Esquerré, Damien;Brennan, Ian G.;Price, Luke C.;Lemmon, Alan;Lemmon, Emily Moriarty;Günther, Rainer;Monis, Paul;Bertozzi, Terry;Keogh, J. Scott;Shea, Glenn M.;Richards, Stephen J.	Donnellan, Stephen C., Mahony, Michael J., Esquerré, Damien, Brennan, Ian G., Price, Luke C., Lemmon, Alan, Lemmon, Emily Moriarty, Günther, Rainer, Monis, Paul, Bertozzi, Terry, Keogh, J. Scott, Shea, Glenn M., Richards, Stephen J. (2025): Phylogenomics informs a generic revision of the Australo-Papuan treefrogs (Anura: Pelodryadidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 204, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15302843
03B387A62263FFDA9E50F903FE67517C.text	03B387A62263FFDA9E50F903FE67517C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ranoidea Tschudi 1838	<div><p>Ranoidea Tschudi, 1838: 76</p><p>(Fig. 29)</p><p>Synonymy Polyphone Gistel, 1848:xi (replacement name for Ranoidea, created because Gistel did not like Ranoidea, not for any nomenclatural invalidity of Ranoidea).</p><p>Ranhyla M’Coy, 1867: 182 (type species aurea, although M’Coy’s use of the name aurea would have been a misidentification of raniformis).</p><p>Chirodryas Keferstein, 1867: 358 (type species raniformis).</p><p>Fanchonia Werner, 1893: 82 (type species elegans [ = aurea]).</p><p>Type species: Ranoidea jacksoniensis Tschudi, 1838, by monotypy. Ranoidea jacksoniensis is a synonym of Rana aurea Lesson, 1829 (Cogger et al. 1983).</p><p>Content: Five species— Ranoidea aurea * (Lesson, 1829), Ranoidea castanea * (Steindachner, 1867) comb. nov., Ranoidea cyclorhyncha * (Boulenger, 1882), Ranoidea moorei * (Copland, 1957), Ranoidea raniformis * (Keferstein, 1867) .</p><p>Diagnosis: Ranoidea can be diagnosed from members of its sister clade comprising Cyclorana, Leptobatrachus, and Megatestis as follows: from Cyclorana by small vs. large inner metatarsal tubercles; by ossified intercalary structures vs. their absence in Cyclorana (13 species) and vs. cartilaginous in Leptobatrachus; by the presence of a vocal sac vs. absence in Megatestis; by overall tadpole morphology Type 1 vs. Type 3 or 4 in Cyclorana, Leptobatrachus, and Megatestis; by a tonal call type vs. pulsatile in Cyclorana and pulse repetition in Megatestis . Ranoidea can be diagnosed further from Leptobatrachus and Megatestis by the presence of the m. extensor brevis medius digiti IV vs. absence. Refer to Tables 1 and 2.</p><p>Distribution and ecology: Terrestrial frogs that breed in still or slowly flowing water in ephemeral and permanent waterbodies in grasslands, riverine billabongs, and forests in south-western and south-eastern Australia.</p><p>Etymology: Tschudi (1838) did not give an explicit etymology but referred to the superficial similarity of his species jacksoniensis to the true frogs ( Rana), and the name presumably means Rana -like. The suffix – oidea is neo-Latin, and the neuter plural of – oideus. However, as the Code only includes ancient and medieval Latin in its definition of Latin, the gender must be determined by Article 30.2. With the only included species having a gender that could be either masculine or feminine, but not neuter, Article 30.2.4 must be invoked to consider the gender feminine.</p><p>Remarks: Ranoidea is in part the equivalent of the Litoria aurea Group of Tyler and Davies (1978) in which M. dahlii and C. alboguttata also were included.</p><p>For Hyla aurea var. cyclorhynchus Boulenger, 1882, the specific epithet ends in the neuter Greek term rhynchos (= nose, a noun), but Boulenger used it with the masculine ending rhynchus. Subsequently, the epithet has been treated consistently as an adjective, becoming cyclorhyncha in Litoria, which we have retained for its association with Ranoidea .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B387A62263FFDA9E50F903FE67517C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Donnellan, Stephen C.;Mahony, Michael J.;Esquerré, Damien;Brennan, Ian G.;Price, Luke C.;Lemmon, Alan;Lemmon, Emily Moriarty;Günther, Rainer;Monis, Paul;Bertozzi, Terry;Keogh, J. Scott;Shea, Glenn M.;Richards, Stephen J.	Donnellan, Stephen C., Mahony, Michael J., Esquerré, Damien, Brennan, Ian G., Price, Luke C., Lemmon, Alan, Lemmon, Emily Moriarty, Günther, Rainer, Monis, Paul, Bertozzi, Terry, Keogh, J. Scott, Shea, Glenn M., Richards, Stephen J. (2025): Phylogenomics informs a generic revision of the Australo-Papuan treefrogs (Anura: Pelodryadidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 204, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15302843
03B387A62262FFDA9F83FE0FFB5654F3.text	03B387A62262FFDA9F83FE0FFB5654F3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rawlinsonia Wells & Wellington 1985	<div><p>Rawlinsonia Wells &amp; Wellington, 1985: 5</p><p>(Fig. 30)</p><p>Type species: Hyla ewingii Duméril &amp; Bibron, 1841, by original designation.</p><p>Content: Eight species— Rawlinsonia corbeni * (Wells &amp; Wellington, 1985), Rawlinsonia ewingii* (Duméril &amp; Bibron, 1841), Rawlinsonia jervisiensis * (Duméril &amp; Bibron, 1841), Rawlinsonia littlejohni * (White et al., 1994), Rawlinsonia paraewingi * (Watson, Loftus-Hills &amp; Littlejohn, 1971) comb. nov., Rawlinsonia revelata * (Ingram, Corben &amp; Hosmer, 1982), Rawlinsonia verreauxii * (Duméril, 1853), Rawlinsonia watsoni * (Mahony, Moses, Mahony, Lemckert &amp; Donnellan, 2020) comb. nov.</p><p>Diagnosis: Rawlinsonia can be diagnosed from Colleeneremia by three vs. two slips of the m. extensor digitorum communis, by a call type that is only pulse repetition vs. a combined pulse repetition and pulsatile call type; from Pengilleyia by ossified vs. cartilaginous intercalary structures; from Saganura by small to medium vs. large eggs, and by a pulse repetition vs. tonal call type. Refer to Tables 1 and 2.</p><p>Distribution and ecology: Arboreal frogs that breed in permanent ponds and slow flowing water in streams in forests, woodlands, heaths, grasslands, and modified habitats in eastern Australia.</p><p>Etymology: According to Wells and Wellington (1985), named for Peter Rawlinson in recognition of his contributions to Australian herpetology. By their inclusion of the feminine adjectival species epithets alpina, dentata, and revelata in their genus, the gender is to be treated as feminine (Article 30.2.3).</p><p>Remarks: Rawlinsonia is the equivalent of the Litoria ewingii Group of Tyler and Davies (1978).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B387A62262FFDA9F83FE0FFB5654F3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Donnellan, Stephen C.;Mahony, Michael J.;Esquerré, Damien;Brennan, Ian G.;Price, Luke C.;Lemmon, Alan;Lemmon, Emily Moriarty;Günther, Rainer;Monis, Paul;Bertozzi, Terry;Keogh, J. Scott;Shea, Glenn M.;Richards, Stephen J.	Donnellan, Stephen C., Mahony, Michael J., Esquerré, Damien, Brennan, Ian G., Price, Luke C., Lemmon, Alan, Lemmon, Emily Moriarty, Günther, Rainer, Monis, Paul, Bertozzi, Terry, Keogh, J. Scott, Shea, Glenn M., Richards, Stephen J. (2025): Phylogenomics informs a generic revision of the Australo-Papuan treefrogs (Anura: Pelodryadidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 204, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15302843
03B387A62262FFD89C23FB80FE965207.text	03B387A62262FFD89C23FB80FE965207.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhyaconastes Mahony, Donnellan & Richards 2025	<div><p>Rhyaconastes Mahony, Donnellan &amp; Richards, gen. nov.</p><p>(Fig. 31)</p><p>ZooBank LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 82FC7DE1-19E8- 4EB4-B16C-A27134640EA8</p><p>Synonymy</p><p>Euscelis Fitzinger 1843: 31 (type species lesueurii). Unavailable as its preoccupied by Euscelis Brullé 1832: 109 .</p><p>Type species: Hyla lesueurii Duméril &amp; Bibron 1841 .</p><p>Content: Four species— Rhyaconastes booroolongensis * (Moore, 1961) comb. nov., Rhyaconastes jungguy * (Donnellan &amp; Mahony, 2004) comb. nov., Rhyaconastes lesueurii * (Duméril &amp; Bibron, 1841) comb. nov., Rhyaconastes wilcoxii * (Günther, 1864) comb. nov.</p><p>Diagnosis: Rhyaconastes can be diagnosed from Melvillihyla by its medium to large vs. very large body size, cartilaginous vs. ossified intercalary structures, tadpole oral disc Type 3 vs. Type 1, and overall tadpole morphology Type 6 vs. Type 5, and multiple vs. single notes per reproductive call. Refer to Tables 1 and 2.</p><p>Distribution and ecology: Terrestrial frogs that breed in streams and rivers in forests and woodlands in eastern Australia. All species lack a vocal sac but produce a low amplitude call.</p><p>Etymology: From the Greek ῥύακος (rhyakos, a stream or torrent) and ναστής (nastes, inhabitant), alluding to the stream-breeding habits of the species in the genus. The name, based on nastes, is masculine.</p><p>68 • Donnellan et al.</p><p>Remarks: Rhyaconastes is the equivalent of the Litoria booroolongensis and L. lesueurii Groups of Tyler and Davies (1978). All Rhyaconastes species lack a vocal sac which distinguishes them from other ground-dwelling genera such as Cyclorana and Litoria .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B387A62262FFD89C23FB80FE965207	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Donnellan, Stephen C.;Mahony, Michael J.;Esquerré, Damien;Brennan, Ian G.;Price, Luke C.;Lemmon, Alan;Lemmon, Emily Moriarty;Günther, Rainer;Monis, Paul;Bertozzi, Terry;Keogh, J. Scott;Shea, Glenn M.;Richards, Stephen J.	Donnellan, Stephen C., Mahony, Michael J., Esquerré, Damien, Brennan, Ian G., Price, Luke C., Lemmon, Alan, Lemmon, Emily Moriarty, Günther, Rainer, Monis, Paul, Bertozzi, Terry, Keogh, J. Scott, Shea, Glenn M., Richards, Stephen J. (2025): Phylogenomics informs a generic revision of the Australo-Papuan treefrogs (Anura: Pelodryadidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 204, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15302843
03B387A62260FFD89F84FDC1FAB1529F.text	03B387A62260FFD89F84FDC1FAB1529F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Saganura Wells and Wellington 1985	<div><p>Saganura Wells and Wellington 1985: 6</p><p>(Fig. 33)</p><p>Type species: Hyla burrowsi Scott, 1942, by original designation.</p><p>Content: One species— Saganura burrowsae * (Scott, 1942) .</p><p>Diagnosis: Saganura can be diagnosed from Rawlinsonia by large vs. small to medium eggs, and by a tonal vs. pulse repetition call type. Refer to Tables 1 and 2.</p><p>Distribution and ecology: An arboreal frog that breeds in static or slow-flowing ephemeral or permanent waterbodies in moorlands, sedgelands, and forests in Tasmania.</p><p>Etymology: According to Wells and Wellington (1985), named for Carl Sagan of Cornell University. The ‘ ura ’ component of the name is not explained but could be considered to be derived from the Greek οὐΡᾱ́ (oura, tail, feminine, often Latinized as ‘ ura ’). While this makes little sense in itself, it is likely a play on words, derived from the ordinal name for frogs, Anura, the first two letters of which are shared with the last two letters of Sagan’s name, the name thereby meaning Sagan’s frog. The gender is therefore to be treated as feminine.</p><p>Remarks: Saganura is the equivalent in part to the Litoria maculata [ = spenceri] Group of Tyler and Davies (1978).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B387A62260FFD89F84FDC1FAB1529F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Donnellan, Stephen C.;Mahony, Michael J.;Esquerré, Damien;Brennan, Ian G.;Price, Luke C.;Lemmon, Alan;Lemmon, Emily Moriarty;Günther, Rainer;Monis, Paul;Bertozzi, Terry;Keogh, J. Scott;Shea, Glenn M.;Richards, Stephen J.	Donnellan, Stephen C., Mahony, Michael J., Esquerré, Damien, Brennan, Ian G., Price, Luke C., Lemmon, Alan, Lemmon, Emily Moriarty, Günther, Rainer, Monis, Paul, Bertozzi, Terry, Keogh, J. Scott, Shea, Glenn M., Richards, Stephen J. (2025): Phylogenomics informs a generic revision of the Australo-Papuan treefrogs (Anura: Pelodryadidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 204, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15302843
03B387A62260FFDD9CF4FDADFDB1512A.text	03B387A62260FFDD9CF4FDADFDB1512A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sandyrana Wells and Wellington 1985	<div><p>Sandyrana Wells and Wellington, 1985: 6</p><p>(Fig. 32)</p><p>Type species: Hyla infrafrenata Günther, 1867, by original designation.</p><p>Content: 14 species— Sandyrana azuroscelis * (Günther, Richards, Hamidy, Trilaksono, Sulaeman &amp; Oliver, 2023) comb. nov., Sandyrana dux * (Richards and Oliver 2006a) comb. nov., Sandyrana graminea * (Boulenger, 1905) comb. nov., Sandyrana hunti * (Richards et al., 2006) comb. nov., Sandyrana infrafrenata * (Günther, 1867), Sandyrana lubisi (Oliver et al., 2021a) comb. nov., Sandyrana multicolor * (Günther, 2004b) comb. nov., Sandyrana nullicedens (Kraus, 2018) comb. nov., Sandyrana pallidofemora * (Kraus, 2018) comb. nov., Sandyrana pterodactyla * (Oliver, Richards &amp; Donnellan, 2019) comb. nov., Sandyrana purpureolata * (Oliver et al., 2007) comb. nov., Sandyrana sanguinolenta * (Van Kampen, 1909) comb. nov., Sandyrana sauroni * (Richards and Oliver, 2006a) comb. nov., Sandyrana tenuigranulata * (Boettger, 1895) comb. nov.</p><p>Diagnosis: Sandyrana can be diagnosed from Nyctimystes by small to medum pigmented vs. large unpigmented eggs, tadpole oral disc Type 1 vs. Type 6A, overall tadpole morphology Type 1 vs. Type 6, by the presence of the m. extensor brevis medius digiti IV vs. absence, by non-vertical vs. vertical pupil; and from Sylvagemma by long vs. medium TL/SVL, reduced to fully vs. no finger webbing, reduced or fully vs. minimally webbed toes, cartilaginous vs. ossified intercalary structures, tadpole oral disc Type 1 vs. 1A. Refer to Tables 1 and 2.</p><p>Distribution and ecology: Arboreal frogs that are found in north-eastern Australia, New Guinea and surrounding islands, the Bismarck and Admiralty Archipelagos, the Indonesian provinces of East Nusa Tenggara and Maluku, and introduced into Java. Sandyrana display two contrasting lifestyles: dwelling and calling high in the canopy (Günther et al. 2023) and in some species observations of parachuting (Kraus 2018) or calling close to ponds and other water bodies on the ground (Günther et al. 2023).</p><p>Etymology: According to Wells and Wellington (1985), named for Sandy Ingleby, Sydney. The gender, based on Rana, is feminine.</p><p>Remarks: Sandyrana is the equivalent ( S. infrafrenata) of the Litoria infrafrenata Group and in part ( S. graminea) of the L. aruensis Group of Tyler and Davies (1978). The diploid chromosome number of 2 n = 24 for Sandyrana infrafrenata is unique amongst pelodryadids which otherwise have a 2 n = 26 karyotype among the 21 genera for which data are presently available (Supporting Information, Table S3; Stephenson and Stephenson 1970, Menzies and Tippet 1976, Tyler et al. 1978, King et al. 1979, 1990, King 1980, 1981, Kuramoto and Allison 1991, Donnellan and Mahony 2004, Kakampuy et al. 2013, Mollard 2018, Mollard et al. 2018, 2024, Schmid et al. 2018).</p><p>Shea and Kraus (2007) emended the name hunti to huntorum on the basis that it was named in recognition of the Hunt family (by implication, more than one person). However, Frost (2023) considered this to be an unjustified emendation. We retain hunti here while acknowledging that not all authors of this paper agree with this interpretation.</p><p>Sulaeman et al. (2021) include colour images in life of Sandyrana tenuigranulata (which they mis-spelt as tennuigranulata) from Ternate and Halmahera in the North Moluccas, Indonesia.</p><p>Genetic data for Litoria lubisi and L. nullicedens were not available. They are placed in Sandyrana on the basis of their very large size, green coloration, extensively webbed fingers, and canopy-dwelling habit (Kraus 2018, Oliver et al. 2021a).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B387A62260FFDD9CF4FDADFDB1512A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Donnellan, Stephen C.;Mahony, Michael J.;Esquerré, Damien;Brennan, Ian G.;Price, Luke C.;Lemmon, Alan;Lemmon, Emily Moriarty;Günther, Rainer;Monis, Paul;Bertozzi, Terry;Keogh, J. Scott;Shea, Glenn M.;Richards, Stephen J.	Donnellan, Stephen C., Mahony, Michael J., Esquerré, Damien, Brennan, Ian G., Price, Luke C., Lemmon, Alan, Lemmon, Emily Moriarty, Günther, Rainer, Monis, Paul, Bertozzi, Terry, Keogh, J. Scott, Shea, Glenn M., Richards, Stephen J. (2025): Phylogenomics informs a generic revision of the Australo-Papuan treefrogs (Anura: Pelodryadidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 204, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15302843
03B387A62265FFDD9FCBFED6FB4654F3.text	03B387A62265FFDD9FCBFED6FB4654F3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Spicicalyx Donnellan, Mahony & Richards 2025	<div><p>Spicicalyx Donnellan, Mahony &amp; Richards, gen. nov.</p><p>(Fig. 27)</p><p>ZooBank LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: CC448528-5A9C-4851-9371-13AA9D2CECCB Type species: Hyla genimaculata Horst, 1883 .</p><p>Content: Five species— Spicicalyx eucnemis * (Lönnberg, 1900) comb. nov., Spicicalyx exophthalmia * (Tyler, Davies &amp; Aplin 1986) comb. nov., Spicicalyx genimaculata * (Horst, 1883) comb. nov., Spicicalyx myola * (Hoskin, 2007) comb. nov., Spicicalyx serrata * (Andersson, 1916) comb. nov.</p><p>Diagnosis: Spicicalyx can be diagnosed from members of the sister clade as follows: from Melvillihyla and Rhyaconastes by the presence vs. absence of a vocal sac, presence vs. absence of crenulated ornamentation of the hindlimbs, presence vs. absence of a heel spike, reduced or fully webbed vs. no finger webbing, and further from Melvillihyla by cartilaginous vs. ossified intercalary structures, overall tadpole morphology Type 4 vs. Type 5, large vs. small eggs, and further from Rhyaconastes by overall tadpole morphology Type 4 vs. Type 6, and oral disc Type 1 vs. Type 3. Refer to Tables 1 and 2.</p><p>Distribution and ecology: Arboreal frogs that breed in slow-flowing permanent streams in rainforest in north-eastern Australia and New Guinea and surrounding islands.</p><p>Etymology: From the Latin spica (point or spear) and calx (heel), referring to the spike on the heel that is generally present in members of this genus. We emended calx to the more euphonious calyx for use in the name. Calx is feminine.</p><p>Remarks: Spicicalyx is the equivalent of the Litoria eucnemis Group of Tyler and Davies (1978).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B387A62265FFDD9FCBFED6FB4654F3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Donnellan, Stephen C.;Mahony, Michael J.;Esquerré, Damien;Brennan, Ian G.;Price, Luke C.;Lemmon, Alan;Lemmon, Emily Moriarty;Günther, Rainer;Monis, Paul;Bertozzi, Terry;Keogh, J. Scott;Shea, Glenn M.;Richards, Stephen J.	Donnellan, Stephen C., Mahony, Michael J., Esquerré, Damien, Brennan, Ian G., Price, Luke C., Lemmon, Alan, Lemmon, Emily Moriarty, Günther, Rainer, Monis, Paul, Bertozzi, Terry, Keogh, J. Scott, Shea, Glenn M., Richards, Stephen J. (2025): Phylogenomics informs a generic revision of the Australo-Papuan treefrogs (Anura: Pelodryadidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 204, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15302843
03B387A62265FFDC9C37FB80FE3A5795.text	03B387A62265FFDC9C37FB80FE3A5795.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sylvagemma Mahony, Donnellan & Richards 2025	<div><p>Sylvagemma Mahony, Donnellan &amp; Richards, gen. nov.</p><p>(Fig. 33)</p><p>ZooBank LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 4BC89999-3291-4843- 8D1C-40BEA3201B 86 Type species: Litoria brevipalmata Tyler, Martin &amp; Watson, 1972 .</p><p>Content: One species— Sylvagemma brevipalmata * (Tyler, Martin &amp; Watson, 1972) comb. nov.</p><p>Diagnosis: Sylvagemma can be diagnosed from Nyctimystes by a non-vertical vs. vertical pupil, absence vs. presence of crenulated ornamentation on the hindlimbs, absence vs. presence of patterning of the palpebral membrane, by medium-sized pigmented vs. large sized unpigmented eggs, tadpole oral disc Type 1A vs. Type 6A (oral disc reported for only two species of Nyctimystes); from Sandyrana by medium vs. long TL/SVL, no webbing vs. reduced to fully webbed fingers, minimally webbed vs. reduced or fully webbed toes, ossified vs. cartilaginous intercalary structures, tadpole oral disc Type 1A vs. Type 1. Refer to Tables 1 and 2.</p><p>Distribution and ecology: Terrestrial frogs that breed in static ephemeral pools in forests, heathlands, grasslands, and modified landscapes in mid-eastern Australia.</p><p>Etymology: From the Latin sylva (forest) and gemma (a jewel), referring to the conspicuously coloured nature of this inhabitant of wet sclerophyll forests. The gender, based on gemma, is feminine.</p><p>Remarks: Sylvagemma is the equivalent of the Litoria brevipalmata Group of Tyler and Davies (1978). Sylvagemma brevipalmata is the only Australian pelodryadid in which the vent of the tadpoles has a medial position (Anstis 2017).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B387A62265FFDC9C37FB80FE3A5795	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Donnellan, Stephen C.;Mahony, Michael J.;Esquerré, Damien;Brennan, Ian G.;Price, Luke C.;Lemmon, Alan;Lemmon, Emily Moriarty;Günther, Rainer;Monis, Paul;Bertozzi, Terry;Keogh, J. Scott;Shea, Glenn M.;Richards, Stephen J.	Donnellan, Stephen C., Mahony, Michael J., Esquerré, Damien, Brennan, Ian G., Price, Luke C., Lemmon, Alan, Lemmon, Emily Moriarty, Günther, Rainer, Monis, Paul, Bertozzi, Terry, Keogh, J. Scott, Shea, Glenn M., Richards, Stephen J. (2025): Phylogenomics informs a generic revision of the Australo-Papuan treefrogs (Anura: Pelodryadidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 204, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15302843
03B387A62264FFDC9FFDF8A6FECF5383.text	03B387A62264FFDC9FFDF8A6FECF5383.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Teretistes Richards, Mahony & Donnellan 2025	<div><p>Teretistes Richards, Mahony &amp; Donnellan, gen. nov.</p><p>(Fig. 33)</p><p>ZooBank LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 1C8072BD-3776- 4D70-BBA2-8 ACE 4E1A3495 Type species: Litoria havina Menzies, 1993 .</p><p>Content: One species— Teretistes havina * (Menzies, 1993) comb. nov.</p><p>Diagnosis: Teretistes can be diagnosed from other members of the Drymomantis Sub-clade by a combination of rostral spike only present in males, expanded finger and toe discs, large pigmented eggs, a Type 3 tadpole oral disc, high call dominant frequency, call frequency modulation, and triangular call envelope shape. Refer to Tables 1 and 2.</p><p>Distribution and ecology: Arboreal frogs that breed in small ponds in rainforest on mainland New Guinea. Eggs are deposited on leaves above water and following development free-swimming tadpoles drop into water below (Richards 2002). Tadpoles have striking black and gold pattern (Richards 2002).</p><p>Etymology: From the Greek τεΡέτισμα (teretisma, a whistling), with the masculine suffix -ῐστής (- istes, an agent, one who), alluding to the whistling call that also provides the specific epithet.</p><p>Remarks: A rostral spike is present only in males. While presently conceived as a monotypic lineage, a wide geographic survey of mitochondrial DNA sequence variation in Teretistes havina indicates that it is a species complex (Richards and Donnellan, unpublished data).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B387A62264FFDC9FFDF8A6FECF5383	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Donnellan, Stephen C.;Mahony, Michael J.;Esquerré, Damien;Brennan, Ian G.;Price, Luke C.;Lemmon, Alan;Lemmon, Emily Moriarty;Günther, Rainer;Monis, Paul;Bertozzi, Terry;Keogh, J. Scott;Shea, Glenn M.;Richards, Stephen J.	Donnellan, Stephen C., Mahony, Michael J., Esquerré, Damien, Brennan, Ian G., Price, Luke C., Lemmon, Alan, Lemmon, Emily Moriarty, Günther, Rainer, Monis, Paul, Bertozzi, Terry, Keogh, J. Scott, Shea, Glenn M., Richards, Stephen J. (2025): Phylogenomics informs a generic revision of the Australo-Papuan treefrogs (Anura: Pelodryadidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 204, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15302843
03B387A62264FFDC9FFAFCB1FACE53D0.text	03B387A62264FFDC9FFAFCB1FACE53D0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Viridihyla Richards, Mahony & Donnellan 2025	<div><p>Viridihyla Richards, Mahony &amp; Donnellan, gen. nov.</p><p>(Fig. 33)</p><p>ZooBank LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 7E5988C6-9AAC-43DB-A5B8-B3BEE7281448 Type species: Hyla multiplica (Tyler, 1964b) .</p><p>Content: Five species— Viridihyla christianbergmanni (Günther, 2008) comb. nov., Viridihyla gasconi * (Richards et al., 2009) comb. nov., Viridihyla multiplica * (Tyler, 1964b) comb. nov., Viridihyla spectabilis * (Richards &amp; Donnellan, 2023) comb. nov., Viridihyla wapogaensis (Richards &amp; Iskander, 2001) comb. nov.</p><p>Diagnosis: Viridihyla can be diagnosed from Nasutibatrachus and Teretistes by the absence of a rostral spike; from Kallistobatrachus by cartilaginous vs. ossified intercalary structures, large vs. small or medium egg size, by having dorsum uniform green with small scattered white-yellow or green spots vs. bright green or occasionally yellow-green with brown markings or brown with green markings, peppered or vermiculated black occasionally with white spots, or scattered pale brown spots, or immaculate green or yellowish green mottled all over with darker green or sparse minute yellow spots; and from Lathrana by finger and toe discs of equal size vs. smaller toe discs, cartilaginous vs. ossified intercalary structures, large vs. medium egg size, fusiform or left teardrop, or rectangular vs. oval call envelope shape. Refer to Tables 1 and 2.</p><p>Distribution and ecology: Arboreal frogs that are found typically along or near small clear-flowing streams in mainland New Guinea. The tadpole of V. multiplica is boldly marked with black (Anstis and Richards 2014).</p><p>Etymology: From the Latin viridis (green) and Hyla . The gender is feminine.</p><p>Remarks: Viridihyla corresponds in part ( V. multiplica) to the Litoria aruensis Group of Tyler and Davies (1978). Genetic data were not available for Litoria christianbergmanni and L. wapogaensis and they are placed tentatively in Viridihyla based on the morphologically diagnostic characters outlined above. However, adult males of these two species have distinct brown nuptial pads (vs. absent in the remaining three species) so molecular genetic studies may require a reassessment of their relationships.</p><p>Incertae sedis</p><p>‘ Hyla jeudii ’ Werner, 1901 is known only from the holotype and lacks a precise type locality (= ‘German New Guinea’, now the northern part of Papua New Guinea). This species exhibits an unusual combination of characters including an elongate head, extremely short limbs, and reduced webbing between the toes, summarized in Tyler (1968a) and Menzies (2006). Tyler and Davies (1978) placed it in the Litoria jeudii Group, but its relationships remain obscure, and it was considered incertae sedis within Pelodryadidae by Duellman et al. (2016).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B387A62264FFDC9FFAFCB1FACE53D0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Donnellan, Stephen C.;Mahony, Michael J.;Esquerré, Damien;Brennan, Ian G.;Price, Luke C.;Lemmon, Alan;Lemmon, Emily Moriarty;Günther, Rainer;Monis, Paul;Bertozzi, Terry;Keogh, J. Scott;Shea, Glenn M.;Richards, Stephen J.	Donnellan, Stephen C., Mahony, Michael J., Esquerré, Damien, Brennan, Ian G., Price, Luke C., Lemmon, Alan, Lemmon, Emily Moriarty, Günther, Rainer, Monis, Paul, Bertozzi, Terry, Keogh, J. Scott, Shea, Glenn M., Richards, Stephen J. (2025): Phylogenomics informs a generic revision of the Australo-Papuan treefrogs (Anura: Pelodryadidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 204, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15302843
