identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03BFF8153014FF94EAE5FDA2FEC8685A.text	03BFF8153014FF94EAE5FDA2FEC8685A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pararhigognostis Baraniak & Agassiz 2024	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Pararhigognostis gen. nov.</p>
            <p> Type species:  Plutella stichocentra Meyrick, 1932 , here designated. </p>
            <p> The genus  Pararhigognostis comprises only one species. </p>
            <p> Diagnosis. Superficially, the forewing pattern of Pararhigonostis is composed of bands extending along the wing margin, similar to that of  Plutella spp. and  Rhigognostis spp. However, the male genitalia of Pararhigonostis are remarkably different from those of  Plutella ,  Plutelloptera (Baraniak 2007) ,  Eidophasia , and  Rhigognostis (Baraniak &amp; Sohn 2015; Baraniak &amp; Walczak 2015; Baraniak &amp; Sohn 2016; Sohn &amp; Baraniak 2016). They are characterized by a thick, straight, sclerotized aedeagus which is twice as long as the valva and a vesica that lacks cornuti. The valva is elongate and trapezoidal with a straight costa bearing a very small, hooked apex; and the ventral margin is straight with a distinct, sclerotized, sharp, tooth-like process. The saccus is long and triangular. In the female genitalia of species of  Rhigognostis (Kyrki 1989; Baraniak 2016a, b; Baraniak &amp; Larsen 2017; Baraniak et al. 2017), the antrum is elongate, terminating in a membranous part, whereas the remaining part is strongly sclerotized, with more or less rounded margins. Only  R. husmanniella has an elongate antrum, but it is broadest in the middle; other details are characteristic of the genus  Rhigognostis (Baraniak 2016a) . The bursa copulatrix of the genus  Rhigognostis is with or without signum, and the ductus seminalis opens in its upper part. In  Pararhigognostis the antrum is elongate (Fig. 7B), terminating in a membranous part, but its remaining part is broadest near the inception of ductus bursae. Other distinguishing features are summarized in Table 1. </p>
            <p>Description (Fig. 3). Head: frons white appressed scales, vertex with white-grey erect scales; ocellus present; chaetosema present; antenna 2/3 of length of forewing; sensory setae of antenna short, sexually dimorphic absent; scape and pedicel white; flagellomeres white, with tiny greyish-yellow bands. Labial palp 3-segmented; outer surface of first segment white, with a narrow of dark brown scales in its upper part; outer surface of second and third segments covered with 3-coloured scales, at the base mostly white ones whereas upper part grey, with scattered brownishyellow scales. Inner side of first and second segments covered mostly with white scales and scattered 3-coloured scales. Tuft on second segment rather small, formed by similarly coloured scales. Third segment longest, curved, pointed apically. Maxillary palp small, inconspicuous, dark grey. Thorax: in part coloured like wing background and white-grey scales erected. Forewing lanceolate, long, wing tip gently rounded (Fig. 4A); pterostigma small, clearly visible but narrow; subcostal vein (Sc) reaching costal margin halfway along its length; all free radial veins, R 1 -R 4 extend to costal margin, only R 5 to termen margin (directly below the apex); medial (M 1 -M 3) and cubital (Cu 1a and Cu 1b) veins free; postcubital vein poorly visible in middle part of its course; anal veins (A 1 and A 2) free only at base of wings, then fused and conspicuous. Hindwing veins (Fig. 4B) Sc+R 1 reaching costal margin at 2/3 of its length; Rs immediately before apex; middle M 1 to M 3, cubital Cu 1a and Cu 1b veins free, postcubital vein conspicuous; anal veins free, A 1 vein, visible only in a small part of its course.</p>
            <p>Abdomen: Male genitalia (prep. gen. no. YPO 19/2016) (Figs 5–6) with anal tube wide, socius long, membranous (Fig. 5C) conspicuously wider in apical part, terminating in 4 distinct, irregularly spaced, pointed outgrowths, covered with fine, scanty spinules (Fig. 5A); valva irregular, rhomboid in outline, broadest at 2/3 of its length, distal part constricted, forming a gently rounded apex near costal margin (Fig. 6A); valva longer than wide; in middle part with a conspicuous group of long, pointed, thin thorns, apically adhering to ventral margin, with two hairy areas; costal margin of valva from its basal margin to half its length straight, broadening into a small rounded outgrowth; from outgrowth to apex, costal margin gently rounded; ventral margin straight in proximal part, distal part slightly broader, forming a strongly sclerotized appendage, clearly separated from it, with sparse, minute spinules; appendage pointed apically; very short distal part of ventral margin at half its length with a poorly distinguished, sclerotized appendage; posterior margin oblique, slightly concave at 1/3 of its length, gently rounded to its apex; basal margin of valva short, oblique; processus basalis narrow, short, straight, apex with a conspicuous pointed appendage; apodema absent; vinculum narrow, saccus as long as valva, slightly constricted, with rounded apex. Aedeagus straight, thin, long, twice as long as valva, membranous, of even width, slightly widened basally (Fig. 5B); vesica with minute spinules in apical part, from base to 2/3 its length markedly sclerotized, with 3 short linear groups of gently rounded spines (Fig. 6B); bulbus ejaculatorius membranous, large, irregular (Fig. 6C).</p>
            characters Plutella Plutelloptera E. messingiella -group  E. syenitella — group  Rhigognostis Pararhigognostiscourse of R1 vein in forevingreaches the costal margin withinreaches the costal margin beyond pterostigmareaches the costal margin within the pterostigma (Fig. 4A)pterostigmacourse veins of M1 and M3 in hindvingstalked M1 and M2free (Fig. 4B)malevalva shapeelongate with rounded apexbroad, square or trapezoid outlinebroad, obovateelongate, rectangular in outlineelongate, gently rounded apex constricted at 2/3 of its lenghtelongate, trapezoid (Fig. 6A)costal margin of valvagently curvedstraightslightly bentstraightwith a gently rounded, broad apex, constricted at 2/3 of its lengthstraight with a very small, hooked top halfway along (Fig. 6A)posterior margin of valvadistinctly elongatedgently roundedrounded, at the ventral margingently roundeddistinctly elongatedstraight with a small recess oneventral margin of valvastraightslightly convex at 2/3 of its lenghtstraightgently roundedstraight, with a distinct, sclerotized tooth-shaped appendage immediately (Fig. 6A)posterior/ costal apexovalroundedovalrounded (Fig. 6A)posterior/ventral apexroundedraised, rounded with a group of small thornsroundedovaltriangular (Fig. 6A)sacculusfololded with distinct spinesabsentdeeply folded basally, which two complicated arms which bear stout spineslong, club-shaped, margins conspicuously denticulateabsentlength of aedeagus as compare to valveshorterslightly longershortertwice as longshape of aedeagusstraightcurvedstraight (Fig. 5B)base of aedeagusbroadened with a pairbroadenedslightly dilatedexpanded on one sideunilaterally extendedslightly, dilated (Fig. 6C)of lateral hooksapex of aedeagusneedle shapednarrowedslightly widergently taperingsharpenedone-sided sharpened (Fig. 6B)aedeagussclerotizedweaklymembranoussclerotizedweakly sclerotizedsclerotized (Fig. 5B)sclerotizedwith a clear concentration of third of the way through (Fig. 6A) raised thorns
            <p>......continued on the next page</p>
            <p>Female genitalia (prep. gen. no. YPO 20/2016) (Fig. 7A), with labii long, triangular, covered with very small, scanty, hair-like bristles; apophyses posteriores very thin, longer than anteriores; apophyses anteriores markedly wider; antrum narrow and elongate, with gently rounded margins, broadening terminally (Fig. 7B); ductus bursae short, membranous, narrow anterior of antrum, slightly broader and terminally constricted, to inception of ductus seminalis short section of ductus (Fig. 7A), to inception of bursa copulatrix, slightly dilated; bursa copulatrix small, oval, membranous, with very small sclerites with small teeth on walls of bursa; signum absent; ductus seminalis narrow, membranous.</p>
            <p> Etymology. The name of the new genus is derived from  Rhigognostis , proposed by Staudinger (1857), with the addition of the prefix “para.” </p>
            <p>Distribution. The newly described genus is represented by one species presently known from several localities in Africa.</p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BFF8153014FF94EAE5FDA2FEC8685A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Baraniak, Edward;Agassiz, David	Baraniak, Edward, Agassiz, David (2024): Pararhigognostis-a new genus for Plutella stichocentra Meyrick, 1932 (Lepidoptera, Plutellidae), with a redescription of its male and female genitalia. Zootaxa 5536 (2): 248-260, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5536.2.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5536.2.2
03BFF8153011FF9AEAE5FC6EFC5A683E.text	03BFF8153011FF9AEAE5FC6EFC5A683E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pararhigognostis stichocentra (Meyrick 1932)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Pararhigognostis stichocentra (Meyrick 1932)</p>
            <p> Plutella stichocentra Meyrick, 1932: 118 . </p>
            <p> Plutella stichocentra Meyrick, 1932 : Afromoths.net online data base. </p>
            <p> Plutella symmorpha Bradley, 1965: 113 ,  syn. nov.</p>
            <p> Plutella symmorpha Bradley, 1965 : Afromoths.net online data base. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis. Because the genus is monotypic, features detailed in the diagnosis of the genus above will serve to distinguish this species.</p>
            <p>Redescription (Fig.1). The forewing span 16–22mm. Forewing mostly grey-brown, with a small proportion of single white and brown scales; costal margin grey-brown, with a small proportion of white-yellowish scales apically; basal area grey-brown, near costal margin in central part with admixture of yellowish ones, and near dorsal margin with conspicuous, large proportion of white scales; inconspicuous dark band composed of black scales at wing base, interrupted, reaching 2/3 of dorsal margin length; a narrow band basal band extending from its base to the same point, composed of yellow scales; in central parts of wings, above this a bicoloured band, a narrow yellow band starts, extending to its outer margin; wing apex grey-brown, with scattered yellowish scales; cilia coloured similarly, with a markedly larger proportion of white scales; dorsal margin white-grey from its base to 2/3 its length, with single, irregularly scattered black scales at its margin.</p>
            <p>Hindwing lanceolate, mostly white-grey; cilia long, coloured similarly.</p>
            <p>Abdomen: white-grey, scales slightly shiny. Male genitalia as described from genus. Female genitalia as described for genus.</p>
            <p> Note. We designate  1♂ as a lectotype (marked by Meyrick as a type (red label), (Mt. Chilalo, moorland, ca 12000–13000 ft. 18.12.1926. H. Scott leg. Britt. Mus. 1927-127, labelled as type, preserved in the Natural History Museum, London, England) and all the others (4♂♂, 4♀♀) as paralectotypes.</p>
            <p> Type locality.  Mount Chilalo , Abyssinia (Meyrick 1932), is an isolated, volcanic mountain in south-eastern Ethiopia. The highest point (4036 m a.s.l.), in the Arsi Zone of the Oromia Region, is located on the border between the Hitosa and Tiyo districts. The volcano last erupted in the Pleistocene (Gashaw &amp; Didita 2015). Its Ethiopian afro-alpine and subafroalpine ecosystems are unique habitats (Schweiger et al. 2015; Uhlig &amp; Uhlig 1991). </p>
            <p>Additional material examined: 24♂♂, 21♀♀</p>
            <p>  NHMUK: 5♂♂, 4♀♀, Abyssinia:  Mt. Chilalo , moorland, ca 12000 –13000 ft. 18.12.1926. H. Scott leg.  ;   1♂, Kenya:  Aberdare Range , Mt. Kinango, 8000 ft. 10.1934. F.W. Edwards leg.  (Bradley (1965), as  Plutella symmorpha ). </p>
            <p> DA; Kenya: 3♀♀, 16.10.1998, 31.10.1998, 2.05.1999 ,   1♂, 13.05.1999, Rift Valley Prov.,  Turi , 8000ft., D.J.L. Agassiz leg.  ;  1♀, 31.10.1998 ,   1♀, 15.12.1999, Rift Valley,  Lake Elementeita , D.J.L. Agassiz leg.  ;   1♂, 02.05.2003, Rift Valley,  Lake Baringo , D.J.L.Agassiz leg.  ;   3♂♂, 20.10.1998, 02.10.2004, 05.12.2011, Rift Valley,  Lake Naivasha , D.J.L. Agassiz leg.  ;   1♂, 27.11.2005, Rift Valley,  Gilgil , D.J.L. Agassiz leg.  ;   1♀, 24.10.2013, Central,  Castle Forest Lodge , D.J.L. Agassiz leg.  ;   1 ♂, 27.10.2016,  Castle Forest Lodge , D.J.L. Agassiz leg.  ;   1♂, 30.11.2011, Central,  Naro Moru , D.J.L. Agassiz leg.  ;  1♀, female, 10.10.1999 ,  1♀, 10.05.2000, Western, Kericho 7000ft., D.J.L. Agassiz leg. ;   1♀, 01.11.2013, Eastern,  Lewa , D.J.L. Agassiz leg.  , </p>
            <p>  EB; Kenya: 1♀, 04.12.1998, Rift Valley,  Prov. Turi , 8000ft, D.J.L. Agassiz leg.  ;  1♀, 16.10.1998, ditto, D.J.L. Agassiz leg. ,   1♂, 06.07.1999, Rift Valley,  Turi , 8000 ft., D.J.L. Agassiz leg.  ;   1♂, 31.10.1998,  Western Pr. , Kericho, 7000ft., D.J.L. Agassiz leg. </p>
            <p> NHMO; Kenya: 1♀, 22– 24.11.2008, Rift Valley Province: Gilgil, 2110 m., L. Aarvik, D. Agassiz &amp; A. Kingston leg. ;  1♂ and 1♀, 27.11.2010, ditto, L. Aarvik &amp; T. Gilligan leg. ;   2♀♀, 17– 21.11.2006, Rift Valley Province:  Mt. Elgon Nat. Park , Chorlim Gate,  Rongai camp, 2206 m., L.O. Hansen &amp; K. Sund leg. </p>
            <p>  Uganda: 1♀, 10– 11.11.2007, Kabarole Distr.: Ruwenzori Mts.,  Nyakalengija , 1700 m., L. Aarvik &amp; M. Fibiger leg.  ;   1♀, 4− 7.11.2007, Kabale Distr.:  Ruhija , 2330 m., L. Aarvik &amp; M. Fibiger leg. </p>
            <p> MHB; South Africa: 2♂♂, 05− 06.11.2012, 2♂♂, 08− 13.11.2012, 2♂♂, 14.11.2012,  1♂, 22– 26.11.2013, Eastern Cape,  Graaff-Reinet ,  Asante Sana Game Farm , W. Mey leg. </p>
            <p> Biology. Larvae in November, on  Helichrysum citrispinum Delile, 1843 (  Asteraceae ), (Meyrick 1932) </p>
            <p> Distributional area. The species is known so far from Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda, and South Africa. The host plant of caterpillars,  Helichrysum citrispinum , occurs at high altitudes in mountains (Schweiger et al. 2015; Uhlig &amp; Uhlig 1991; Coe 1967) with a range which includes also Tanzania, Somalia, and Namibia (GBIF Secretariat 2019) and is more extensive than the currently confirmed distribution range of this lepidopteran. The moth was also recorded in South Africa, where  H. citrispinum is absent. Probably caterpillars develop there on other plant species of the genus  Helichrysum . </p>
            <p>The localities where the species has been recorded are mostly at altitude 2000−2500 m except at the higher latitude of South Africa, reflecting the distribution of its host plants.</p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BFF8153011FF9AEAE5FC6EFC5A683E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Baraniak, Edward;Agassiz, David	Baraniak, Edward, Agassiz, David (2024): Pararhigognostis-a new genus for Plutella stichocentra Meyrick, 1932 (Lepidoptera, Plutellidae), with a redescription of its male and female genitalia. Zootaxa 5536 (2): 248-260, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5536.2.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5536.2.2
