taxonID	type	description	language	source
03BD0F44FFA8A003FF53FFFEFB3C1E47.taxon	type_taxon	Type species: Acanthophorella barjadzei Antić & Makarov, 2016, by original designation.	en	Antić, Dragan, Margalitadze, Ana, Šević, Mirko (2025): Four new cavernicolous species of the genus Acanthophorella Antić & Makarov, 2016 (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Anthroleucosomatidae) from Georgia, Caucasus. Zootaxa 5609 (1): 41-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5609.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5609.1.3
03BD0F44FFA8A006FF53FCEEFAED1DCB.taxon	description	Figs 1 – 3, 16 E, 17	en	Antić, Dragan, Margalitadze, Ana, Šević, Mirko (2025): Four new cavernicolous species of the genus Acanthophorella Antić & Makarov, 2016 (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Anthroleucosomatidae) from Georgia, Caucasus. Zootaxa 5609 (1): 41-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5609.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5609.1.3
03BD0F44FFA8A006FF53FCEEFAED1DCB.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Troglobiotic species, which differs from the epigean, pigmented A. aurita, A. chegemi and A. irystoni by the depigmented body. The new species differs from the troglobiotic A. gaumarjos sp. nov., A. valerii and A. spinicoxa sp. nov. by the presence of pale brownish or transparent ommatidia (vs. black ommatidia in A. gaumarjos sp. nov., A. valerii and A. spinicoxa sp. nov.). A. didi sp. nov. differs from the other troglobiotic species by the presence of small mesal lobes on coxae 7 (vs. presence of small, acuminate, mesal teeth in A. barjadzei or the complete absence of mesal lobes in A. eto sp. nov. and A. devi). The new species is most similar to A. barjadzei, but besides the structures of coxae 7, it differs in the presence of strongly developed, rounded lobes on coxae 10 (vs. coxae 10 with subtriangular protrusions in A. barjadzei) or medial parts of anterior gonopod angiocoxites distally rounded (vs. medial parts of anterior gonopod angiocoxites distally subquadrangular in A. barjadzei). Name. In Georgian, didi (დიდი) means large, big, which indicates that it is the largest Acanthophorella species to date, measuring up to 26 mm, and one of the largest troglobiotic arthropod species in the caves where it occurs. Noun in apposition.	en	Antić, Dragan, Margalitadze, Ana, Šević, Mirko (2025): Four new cavernicolous species of the genus Acanthophorella Antić & Makarov, 2016 (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Anthroleucosomatidae) from Georgia, Caucasus. Zootaxa 5609 (1): 41-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5609.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5609.1.3
03BD0F44FFA8A006FF53FCEEFAED1DCB.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Holotype: GEORGIA ● ♂; Ambrolauri Municipality, Racha karst massif, Nikortsminda village, Nikortsminda Sakinule Cave; 42 ° 27 ’ 48 ” N 43 ° 04 ’ 02 ” E; 1195 m a. s. l.; 24 July 2022; D. Antić, E. Kiria, L. Shavadze and Sh. Barjadze leg.; IZB. Paratypes: GEORGIA ● 1 ♀, 1 juvenile; same collection data as for holotype; IZB ● 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; NHMW-MY 10367 ● 1 ♂; same collection data as for holotype; IZISU ● 2 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀, 1 juvenile; same cave as for preceding; 14 June 2019; H. Reip, J. Hentschel, L. Binz and E. Göbel leg.; SMNG ● 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 1 juvenile; same cave as for preceding; 21 June 2023; D. Antić, A. Faille, A. Margalitadze, L. Shavadze, E. Maghradze and Sh. Barjadze leg.; SMNS ● 5 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀, 1 juvenile; same collection data as for preceding; IZISU ● 1 juvenile; same collection data as for preceding; IZB. Additional material: GEORGIA ● 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, 3 juveniles; Ambrolauri Municipality, Racha karst massif, Muradi Cave; 42 ° 23 ’ 45 ” N 42 ° 58 ’ 43 ” E; 1500 m a. s. l.; 24 July 2022; D. Antić, E. Kiria, L. Shavadze and Sh. Barjadze leg.; IZB ● 2 ♀♀, 2 juveniles; same cave as for preceding; 18 October 2021; J. Grego and R. Straub leg.; IZISU ● 2 ♂♂, 1 juvenile; Ambrolauri Municipality, Racha karst massif, Tskhrajvari Cave; 42 ° 23 ’ 17 ” N 42 ° 59 ’ 04 ” E; 1496 m a. s. l.; 22 June 2023; D. Antić, A. Margalitadze, L. Shavadze and A. Faille leg.; IZB ● 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 4 juveniles; same collection data as for preceding; SMNS ● 1 ♀, 1 juvenile; same collection data as for preceding; IZISU. Note. Antić et al. (2023) misidentified this new species with the very similar A. barjadzei, which inhabits the same region. Remarks, localities and ecology for A. barjadzei in Antić et al. (2023) refer mostly to the new species we describe here, while all figures labelled as A. barjadzei [except fig. 21 B from Antić et al. (2023)] refer exclusively to the new species. Below we give a detailed description of the new species with additional figures, while the others can be seen in Antić et al. (2023: figs 1 A – D, 17 – 20).	en	Antić, Dragan, Margalitadze, Ana, Šević, Mirko (2025): Four new cavernicolous species of the genus Acanthophorella Antić & Makarov, 2016 (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Anthroleucosomatidae) from Georgia, Caucasus. Zootaxa 5609 (1): 41-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5609.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5609.1.3
03BD0F44FFA8A006FF53FCEEFAED1DCB.taxon	description	Description Number of body segments and size. Body with 31 segments (including collum and telson). Holotype male 20 mm long, vertical diameter of the largest segment 1.4 mm. Paratype and non-type males 19 – 23.5 mm long, vertical diameter of the largest segment 1.4 – 1.5 mm. Paratype and non-type females 17.5 – 26 mm long, vertical diameter of the largest segment 1.4 – 1.7. Coloration (Fig. 1; see also Antić et al. (2023: fig. 1 A – D )). Living animals white. Head (Fig. 1 C, D; see also Antić et al. (2023: figs 17 B, D, 18 A – D). Densely setose, roundly convex in females, in males with labral and frontal surfaces flat with a convexity between and with a pair of lateral lobes, each below antennal sockets. Labrum with three medial teeth and 3 + 3 labral and 2 + 2 supralabral setae. Promentum subtriangular, without setae. Lamellae linguales with 10 + 10 setae in two rows. Stipites with ca 35 setae each. Antennae 3.2 mm long in holotype male. Length of antennomeres (in mm): I (0.15), II (0.26), III (0.90), IV (0.45), V (0.85), VI (0.28), VII (0.25) and VIII (0.06). Length / breadth ratios of antennomeres I – VII: I (1.0), II (1.6), III (7.0), IV (3.0), V (5.7), VI (1.4) and VII (1.7). Antennomeres II, IV, V, VI and VII with one, three, one, four and one long sensillum trichoideum, respectively. Antennomere 6 with a distal corolla of longer sensilla basiconica. Antennomere 7 with one rather bacilliform sensillum (sensillum basiconicum?) curved distad, located below sensillum trichodeum. Lateral to antennal sockets, a group of papilliform outgrowths present. Number of ommatidia 5 – 10, in 2 – 3 rows, arranged in elongated triangles; ommatidia pale brownish or completely transparent in adults. Collum. Narrower than head, with six macrochaetae as all body segments. Anterior edge semi-circular, posterior margin gently concave. Body segments (Fig. 1; see also Antić et al. (2023: figs 17 A, C, E, 18 E – G). With well-developed lateral keels, anterior margins rounded in dorsal view. Macrochaetae long and trichoid. Telson. Epiproct with a pair of spinnerets and 3 + 3 setae (1 + 1 paramedian, 2 + 2 marginal). Hypoproct with 1 + 1 distal setae. Paraprocts with 3 + 3 marginal setae in distal part. Leg pairs 1 and 2. In both sexes with tarsal combs; femora, postfemora and tibiae with long and robust setae. Male sexual characters (Figs 1, 2 A – H). Gonopores mesally on coxae 2 (Fig. 2 A). Leg-pairs 3 – 7 enlarged, especially leg-pairs 3, 4 and 7 (Fig. 1). Leg-pairs 3 and 4 very thick (Figs 1, 2 B – D), each with a proximal lateral protrusion on prefemora; prefemora and femora strong, rectangular; tarsi shorter and thicker compared to other legs; femora, postfemora and tibiae each with a distoventral pad. Leg-pair 5 with a proximal, anterior, triangular, coxal protrusion (Fig. 2 E). Leg-pair 6 with proximal lateral protrusion on prefemora; without other peculiarities (Fig. 2 F). Leg-pair 7 robust; coxae with wide, well-developed, flattened and bilobed posterior processes, covered with long setae anteriomesally; lateral lobes strongly developed, mesal ones much smaller (Fig. 2 G). Leg-pair 10 with coxal glands and strongly developed, rounded coxal lobes (Fig. 2 H). Leg-pair 11 with coxal glands, no other peculiarities. Anterior gonopods (Figs 2 I, 3 A – C, 16 E; see also Antić et al. (2023: fig. 19 A – F). Gonopodal sternum (s) wide, medially with a poorly developed and fimbriate lamella (sl) on anterior side. Angiocoxites (a) consisting of a medial part (mp), lateral lamellae (ll) and a synangiocoxal base (sa) with anterior processes (ap). Medial parts well developed, high, divided, but appressed to each other, shieldlike, distally rounded, distomesal margins expressed and denticulate posteriorly; angiocoxites posteroproximally with a pair of tufts (tf) including lobes with long and short hairlike outgrowths and spiculiform outgrowths, distally with an opening. Lateral lamellae very low, denticulate distally. Synangiocoxal base with a pair of anterior, mesal lobes (lo); anterior processes somewhat sigmoid, tapering distad, acuminate, slightly shorter than and partially covered by medial parts. Coxal vesicles (cv) present posteriorly. Posterior gonopods (Figs 2 J, 3 D). Gonopodal sternum (s) wide, well developed. Angiocoxites (a) positioned posteriorly, well developed, wide, curved anterolaterad, distally with small tubercles; of the same height as colpocoxites (c). Colpocoxites subtriangular, fused with basal halves of angiocoxites. Telopodites (t) small, rounded, placed posteriolaterally. Leg pair 2 in females. With well-developed distomesal protrusions on coxae covered with small tubercles and setae. Vulvae (see Antić et al. (2023: figs 19 G – I, 20 )). Anterior part as wide as vulval length. Operculum well developed, bilobed, with 6 + 6 setae (5 + 5 lateral shorter setae and 1 + 1 mesal longer setae). Bursa with strongly thickened anteroproximal lips on which the operculum rests. Lateral valve with eight setae, mesal valve with nine setae. Posteriorly, bursa with wrinkled lateral lobe. Locality and ecology. Antić et al. (2023) already gave some information about the Muradi and Nikortsminda Sakinule caves. The Tskhrajvari cave is also located in Ambrolauri Municipality, in the Racha karst massif, on the Racha ridge, near the Nakerala Pass. The total length of the cave is 470 metres. At the beginning of the cave there is a giant mixture of limestone boulders. The cave consists of two intersecting sections. The first section — the “ Entrance hall ” (length 100 metres) — is connected by a narrow and low hole to a relatively wide and high hall, which is 15 – 25 metres wide and 15 – 20 metres high. The air temperature at the entrance is 17 ° C, at the end of the first half, 12 ° C at the connecting hole and 6.5 – 7 ° C in some parts of the cave and at the end of the “ Big hall ” (Tatashidze et al. 2009). The cave is also known as the site where the cave bear was found (Chichinadze 2022). It is interesting to note that the cave is characterised by the presence of cave hygropetric habitats. The specimens were found in dark and humid parts of the “ Entrance hall ” and in the main hall, where they mainly crawled on the rocks. In addition to the new species, another troglobiotic millipede was found in the cave, the hygropetricolous Leucogeorgia longipes Verhoeff, 1930 (Fig. 1 E). Besides these two troglobites, one more cave-dwelling species was recently described from this cave, the leech Dina kobakhidzei Grosser, Maghradze & Barjadze, 2025 (Grosser et al. 2025).	en	Antić, Dragan, Margalitadze, Ana, Šević, Mirko (2025): Four new cavernicolous species of the genus Acanthophorella Antić & Makarov, 2016 (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Anthroleucosomatidae) from Georgia, Caucasus. Zootaxa 5609 (1): 41-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5609.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5609.1.3
03BD0F44FFA8A006FF53FCEEFAED1DCB.taxon	distribution	Distribution. A Georgian endemic, known so far from three caves in the Racha karst massif (Fig. 17).	en	Antić, Dragan, Margalitadze, Ana, Šević, Mirko (2025): Four new cavernicolous species of the genus Acanthophorella Antić & Makarov, 2016 (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Anthroleucosomatidae) from Georgia, Caucasus. Zootaxa 5609 (1): 41-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5609.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5609.1.3
03BD0F44FFADA00DFF53FC3BFEE81ED7.taxon	description	Figs 4 – 6, 16 F, 17	en	Antić, Dragan, Margalitadze, Ana, Šević, Mirko (2025): Four new cavernicolous species of the genus Acanthophorella Antić & Makarov, 2016 (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Anthroleucosomatidae) from Georgia, Caucasus. Zootaxa 5609 (1): 41-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5609.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5609.1.3
03BD0F44FFADA00DFF53FC3BFEE81ED7.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Troglobiotic species, which differs from the epigean, pigmented A. aurita, A. chegemi and A. irystoni by the depigmented body. The new species differs from the troglobiotic A. gaumarjos sp. nov., A. valerii and A. spinicoxa sp. nov. by the presence of transparent ommatidia (vs. black ommatidia in A. gaumarjos sp. nov., A. valerii and A. spinicoxa sp. nov.). A. eto sp. nov. differs from the other troglobiotic species by the presence of subquadrangular processes on coxae 7 without teeth or lobes (vs. presence of small, acuminate, mesal teeth in A. barjadzei, the presence of small, mesal lobes in A. didi sp. nov. or the presence of subtriangular processes in A. devi). Name. The new species is named in honour of a friend and colleague Eter (Eto) Maghradze, a Georgian biospeleologist and the first collector of this new species. Noun in apposition.	en	Antić, Dragan, Margalitadze, Ana, Šević, Mirko (2025): Four new cavernicolous species of the genus Acanthophorella Antić & Makarov, 2016 (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Anthroleucosomatidae) from Georgia, Caucasus. Zootaxa 5609 (1): 41-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5609.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5609.1.3
03BD0F44FFADA00DFF53FC3BFEE81ED7.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Holotype: GEORGIA ● ♂; Tskaltubo Municipality, Sataplia-Tskaltubo karst massif, Melouri Cave; 42 ° 23 ’ 14 ” N 42 ° 37 ’ 41 ” E; 418 m a. s. l.; 12 November 2022; E. Maghradze leg.; NHMW-MY 10636. Paratypes: GEORGIA ● 2 ♀♀, 2 juveniles; same data as for holotype; NHMW-MY 10637 ● 1 juvenile; same locality and collector but 13 May 2018; IZISU ● 2 ♂♂ (one fragmented with only posterior gonopods); same locality and collector but 12 May 2019; IZB ● 1 ♀, 2 juveniles; same locality and collector but 1 February 2020; IZB ● 1 juvenile; same locality and collector but 3 March 2020; IZISU ● 2 ♂♂; same locality but 22 July 2024; N. Modebadze, L. Shavadze and A. Margalitadze leg.; IZISU. Additional material: GEORGIA ● 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀; Tskaltubo Municipality, Sataplia-Tskaltubo karst massif, Imereti, Prometheus Cave; 42 ° 22 ’ 36 ” N 42 ° 36 ’ 01 ” E; 178 m a. s. l.; 16 March 2018; E. Maghradze leg.; IZB ● 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, 3 juveniles; same collection data as for preceding; IZISU ● 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same locality and collector but 13 May 2018; IZISU.	en	Antić, Dragan, Margalitadze, Ana, Šević, Mirko (2025): Four new cavernicolous species of the genus Acanthophorella Antić & Makarov, 2016 (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Anthroleucosomatidae) from Georgia, Caucasus. Zootaxa 5609 (1): 41-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5609.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5609.1.3
03BD0F44FFADA00DFF53FC3BFEE81ED7.taxon	description	Description Number of body segments and size. Body with 31 segments (including collum and telson). Holotype male 14.3 mm long, vertical diameter of the largest segment 1.1 mm. Paratype males 14.2 – 14.9 mm long, vertical diameter of the largest segment 1.1 mm. Paratype females 15.8 – 16.9 mm long, vertical diameter of the largest segment 1.2 – 1.3 mm, respectively. Non-type males 15 – 15.6 mm vertical diameter of the largest segment 1.2 mm. Non-type females 14.5 – 16.5 mm long, vertical diameter of the largest segment 1.1 – 1.3 mm, respectively. Coloration (Fig. 4). Living animals white. Head (Fig. 4 C, D). Densely setose, roundly convex in females, in males with labral and frontal surfaces flat with a convexity between and with a pair of lateral lobes, each below antennal sockets. Labrum with three medial teeth and 5 + 5 labral and 2 + 2 supralabral setae. Promentum triangular, with one distal setae. Lamellae linguales with 9 + 8 setae. Stipites with ca 30 setae each. Antennae 2.7 mm long in holotype male. Length of antennomeres (in mm): I (0.14), II (0.26), III (0.75), IV (0.36), V (0.70), VI (0.22), VII (0.20) and VIII (0.07). Length / breadth ratios of antennomeres I – VII: I (1), II (1.7), III (6.3), IV (3.0), V (5.8), VI (1.4) and VII (1.4). Antennomeres II, IV, V, VI and VII with one, three, one, four and one long sensillum trichoideum, respectively. Antennomere 6 with a distal corolla of longer sensilla basiconica. Antennomere 7 with one rather bacilliform sensillum (sensillum basiconicum?) curved distad, located below sensillum trichodeum. Lateral to antennal sockets, a group of papilliform outgrowths present. Ommatidia apparently absent, but there are 2 – 4 small, transparent and faintly visible corneas. Collum. Narrower than head, with six macrochaetae as all body segments. Anterior edge semi-circular, posterior margin gently concave. Body segments (Fig. 4). With well-developed lateral keels, anterior margins rounded in dorsal view. Macrochaetae very long and rather trichoid. Telson. Epiproct with a pair of spinnerets and 3 + 3 setae (1 + 1 paramedian, 2 + 2 marginal). Hypoproct with 1 + 1 distal setae. Paraprocts with 3 + 3 marginal setae in distal part. Leg pairs 1 and 2. In both sexes with tarsal combs; femora, postfemora and tibiae with long and robust setae. Male sexual characters (Figs 4 A, C, 5 A – G). Gonopores mesally on coxae 2 (Fig. 5 A). Leg-pairs 3 – 7 enlarged, especially leg-pairs 3, 4 and 7 (Fig. 4 A, C). Leg-pairs 3 and 4 very thick (Fig. 5 B, C), each with a proximal lateral protrusion on prefemora; prefemora and femora strong, rectangular; tarsi shorter and thicker compared to other legs; femora, postfemora and tibiae each with a distoventral pad. Leg-pair 5 with a proximal, anterior, triangular, coxal protrusion (Fig. 5 D). Leg-pair 6 with a small proximal lateral protrusion on prefemora; without other peculiarities (Fig. 5 E). Leg-pair 7 robust; coxae with wide, well-developed, flattened and rectangular posterior processes, covered with long setae anteriomesally (Fig. 5 F). Leg-pair 10 with coxal glands and small, subtriangular coxal processes oriented posteriad; prefemora with distoventral thickening (Fig. 5 G). Leg-pair 11 with coxal glands, no other peculiarities. Anterior gonopods (Figs 5 H, 6 A – C, 16 F). Gonopodal sternum (s) wide, medially with a moderately developed and fimbriate lamella (sl) with medial lobe, on anterior side. Angiocoxites (a) consisting of a medial part (mp), lateral lamellae (ll) and a synangiocoxal base (sa) with anterior processes (ap). Medial parts well developed, divided, but appressed to each other in proximal half, shieldlike, distally subquadrangular, lateral margins folded posteriad; angiocoxites posteroproximally with a pair of tufts (tf) including lobes with spiculiform outgrowths and long hairs. Lateral lamellae well developed, high, curved laterad, and oblong in lateral view. Synangiocoxal base with a pair of anterior, mesal lobes (lo); anterior processes somewhat sigmoid, tapering distad, acuminate, as high as medial parts and completely visible in anterior view. Syncoxal vesicle (cv) present posteriorly. Posterior gonopods (Figs 5 I, 6 D). Gonopodal sternum (s) wide, well developed. Angiocoxites (a) positioned posteriorly, slender, tapering, curved slightly anterolaterad, slightly longer than colpocoxites (c). Colpocoxites in anterior and posterior views oblong, almost the same width throughout their height; fused with basal half of angiocoxites. Telopodites (t) small, rounded, placed posteriolaterally. Leg pair 2 in females. Coxae with poorly developed protrusions covered with few nipple like tubercles and setae that also spread onto the first podomere. Vulvae (Fig. 6 E – G). As wide as long. Operculum (o) well developed, bilobed with 5 + 4 and 1 + 1 setae in two rows, anterior (1 + 1) setae longer. Bursa (b) with wide lip, anteriorly covering most of the bursa. Valves asymmetric but comparable in size, with groups of 14 setae on mesal and seven setae on lateral valve. Posteriorly with a somewhat wrinkeled lateral lobe. Locality and ecology. The Melouri Cave is located in the Tskaltubo Municipality, north of the village of Kumistavi, in the Melouri area. The entrance opens at the bottom of a karst funnel located in a mixed coniferous forest. The investigated length of the cave is about 5 km, the air temperature varies between 12 and 13 ° C and there is a watercourse (Tatashidze et al. 2009). The specimens were found about 400 metres from the entrance, under rocks and on walls near the water. A dozen troglophilic and troglobiotic arthropods are described or known in the cave. Only in the last five years have several interesting species been described or recorded from this cave, including four troglobionts: Leucogeorgia prometheus Antić & Reip, 2020 (Diplopoda), Plusiocampa imereti Sendra & Barjadze, 2021 (Diplura), Nemaspela melouri Martens, Maghradze & Barjadze, 2021 (Opiliones) and Centromerus georgicus Deltshev in Deltshev et al., 2023 (Araneae) (see Martens et al. 2021; Sendra et al. 2021; Deltshev et al. 2023). For a complete list of species from Melouri Cave, see Barjadze et al. (2019) (https: // cbg. iliauni. edu. ge / en / caves / show / 148 / melouri-cave). Prometheus Cave is one of the most famous Georgian caves and one of the largest show caves in the region. The cave is 2900 metres in length (Tatashidze et al. 2009), with a tourist section of about 1.2 km (Tsikarishvili and Bolashvili 2013). It is also one of the richest caves in the Caucasus in terms of fauna. More than 40 invertebrate species are known from the cave (Grosser et al. 2023). The specimens were collected in the Climbers’ hall, on the walls, dead trees and in the traps. In addition to the new species, the cave is inhabited by two other troglobiotic millipedes, Leucogeorgia prometheus and Trachysphaera fragilis Golovatch, 1976. Besides L. prometheus, five new true cave-dwelling species have been described or reported from the cave in the last five years: Caucasogeyeria ignidona Grego & Palatov in Grego et al., 2020 and Imeretiopsis prometheus Grego & Palatov in Grego et al., 2020 (both Mollusca), Niphargus amirani Marin, 2020 (Amphipoda), Nemaspela prometheus Martens, Maghradze & Barjadze, 2021 (Opiliones) and Dina imeretiensis Grosser, Barjadze & Maghradze in Grosser et al., 2023 (Hirudinea) (see Antić and Reip 2020; Grego et al. 2020; Marin 2020; Martens et al. 2021; Grosser et al. 2023). For a complete list of species from Prometheus Cave, see Barjadze et al. (2019) (https: // cbg. iliauni. edu. ge / en / caves / show / 74 / prometheus-cave)	en	Antić, Dragan, Margalitadze, Ana, Šević, Mirko (2025): Four new cavernicolous species of the genus Acanthophorella Antić & Makarov, 2016 (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Anthroleucosomatidae) from Georgia, Caucasus. Zootaxa 5609 (1): 41-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5609.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5609.1.3
03BD0F44FFADA00DFF53FC3BFEE81ED7.taxon	distribution	Distribution. A Georgian endemic, known so far only from the Melouri and Prometheus caves in the Sataplia-Tskaltubo karst massif (Fig. 17), and most probably from the nearby Satsurblia cave, where a juvenile was observed by DA in 2022.	en	Antić, Dragan, Margalitadze, Ana, Šević, Mirko (2025): Four new cavernicolous species of the genus Acanthophorella Antić & Makarov, 2016 (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Anthroleucosomatidae) from Georgia, Caucasus. Zootaxa 5609 (1): 41-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5609.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5609.1.3
03BD0F44FFA6A010FF53FD03FD8D1AE3.taxon	description	Figs 7 – 10, 16 G, 17	en	Antić, Dragan, Margalitadze, Ana, Šević, Mirko (2025): Four new cavernicolous species of the genus Acanthophorella Antić & Makarov, 2016 (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Anthroleucosomatidae) from Georgia, Caucasus. Zootaxa 5609 (1): 41-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5609.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5609.1.3
03BD0F44FFA6A010FF53FD03FD8D1AE3.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Troglobiotic species, which differs from the epigean, pigmented A. aurita, A. chegemi and A. irystoni by the depigmented body. The new species differs from the troglobiotic A. didi sp. nov., A. barjadzei, A. eto sp. nov. and A. devi by the presence of black ommatidia (vs. pale brownish or transparent ommatidia in A. didi sp. nov., A. barjadzei, A. eto sp. nov. and A. devi). From the troglobiotic A. spinicoxa sp. nov., the new species differs in the absence of lateral projections and distal pairs of processes on the medial parts of the anterior gonopods, by the presence of axelike processes on the coxae 7 or by the presence of subtriangular processes on the coxae 10 (vs. presence of lateral projections and distal pairs of processes on the medial parts of the anterior gonopod, the presence of bilobed processes on the coxae 7 or the presence of spinelike processes on the coxae 10 in A. spinicoxa sp. nov.). From the last troglobiotic species, A. valerii, A. gaumarjos sp. nov. differs by the presence of axelike processes on coxae 7 or by the presence of long angiocoxites on the posterior gonopods, which are only slightly shorter than the colpocoxites and positioned posteriorly (vs. processes on coxae 7 bilobed, angiocoxites on posterior gonopods very short and positioned posterolaterally in A. valerii). Name. The new species is named after the Georgian word for toast, gaumarjos (გაუმარჯოს). This word was used quite frequently during DA’s stay in Georgia and AM’s stay in Serbia. Noun in apposition.	en	Antić, Dragan, Margalitadze, Ana, Šević, Mirko (2025): Four new cavernicolous species of the genus Acanthophorella Antić & Makarov, 2016 (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Anthroleucosomatidae) from Georgia, Caucasus. Zootaxa 5609 (1): 41-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5609.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5609.1.3
03BD0F44FFA6A010FF53FD03FD8D1AE3.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Holotype: GEORGIA ● ♂; Ambrolauri Municipality, Racha karst massif, a cave by the roadside near the Shaori Reservoir; 42 ° 22 ’ 46 ” N 43 ° 02 ’ 28 ” E; 1193 m a. s. l.; 22 June 2023; D. Antić and A. Margalitadze leg.; NHMW-MY 10638. Paratypes: GEORGIA ● 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, 4 juveniles; same data as for holotype; IZB ● 2 ♀♀; same data as for holotype; IZISU ● 2 ♀♀; same data as for holotype; NHMW-MY 10639.	en	Antić, Dragan, Margalitadze, Ana, Šević, Mirko (2025): Four new cavernicolous species of the genus Acanthophorella Antić & Makarov, 2016 (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Anthroleucosomatidae) from Georgia, Caucasus. Zootaxa 5609 (1): 41-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5609.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5609.1.3
03BD0F44FFA6A010FF53FD03FD8D1AE3.taxon	description	Description Number of body segments and size. Body with 31 segments (including collum and telson). Holotype male 15.5 mm long, vertical diameter of the largest segment 1.2 mm. Paratype male 18.5 mm long, vertical diameter of the largest segment 1.3 mm. Paratype females 14.5 – 18.5 mm long, vertical diameter of the largest segment 1.2 – 1.3 mm. Coloration (Figs 7, 8 A, B). Living animals almost completely depigmented. Only head, anterior segments and telson light brownish. Ommatidia blackish. Head (Fig. 8 C, D). Densely setose, roundly convex in females, in males with labral and frontal surfaces flat with a convexity between and with a pair of lateral lobes, each below antennal sockets. Labrum with three medial teeth and 4 + 4 labral and 2 + 2 supralabral setae. Promentum triangular, without setae. Lamellae linguales with 7 + 9 setae. Stipites with ca 40 setae each. Antennae 2.4 mm long in holotype male. Length of antennomeres (in mm): I (0.10), II (0.20), III (0.66), IV (0.34), V (0.60), VI (0.25), VII (0.20) and VIII (0.05). Length / breadth ratios of antennomeres I – VII: I (1), II (1.3), III (6.0), IV (2.6), V (4.3), VI (1.5) and VII (1.7). Antennomeres II, IV, V, VI and VII with one, three, one, four and one long sensillum trichoideum, respectively. Antennomere 6 with a distal corolla of longer sensilla basiconica. Antennomere 7 with one rather bacilliform sensillum (sensillum basiconicum?) curved distad, located below sensillum trichodeum. Lateral to antennal sockets, a group of papilliform outgrowths present. In males 9 – 11 ommatidia in 3 – 4 rows, in females 6 – 13 ommatidia in 3 – 4 rows. Collum. Narrower than head, with six macrochaetae as all body segments. Anterior edge semi-circular, posterior margin gently concave. Body segments (Fig. 8 E, F). With well-developed lateral keels, anterior margins rounded in dorsal view. Macrochaetae long and rather trichoid. Telson. Epiproct with a pair of spinnerets and 3 + 3 setae (1 + 1 paramedian, 2 + 2 marginal). Hypoproct with 1 + 1 distal setae. Paraprocts with 3 + 3 marginal setae in distal part. Leg pairs 1 and 2. In both sexes with tarsal combs; femora, postfemora and tibiae with long and robust setae. Male sexual characters (Figs 7 C, D, 8 A, C, 9 A – G). Gonopores mesally on coxae 2 (Fig. 9 A). Leg-pairs 3 – 7 enlarged, especially leg-pairs 3, 4 and 7 (Figs 7 C, D, 8 A, C). Leg-pairs 3 and 4 very thick (Fig. 9 B, C), each with a proximal lateral protrusion on prefemora; prefemora and femora strong, rectangular; tarsi shorter and thicker compared to other legs; femora, postfemora and tibiae each with a distoventral pad. Leg-pair 5 with a proximal, anterior, triangular, coxal protrusion (Fig. 9 D). Leg-pair 6 with a small proximal lateral protrusion on prefemora; without other peculiarities (Fig. 9 E). Leg-pair 7 robust; coxae with wide, well-developed, flattened and axelike posterior processes, covered with long setae anteriorlly (Fig. 9 F). Leg-pair 10 with coxal glands and well-developed, subtriangular, coxal processes oriented posteriad (Fig. 9 G). Leg-pair 11 with coxal glands, no other peculiarities. Anterior gonopods (Figs 9 H, 10 A – C, 16 G). Gonopodal sternum (s) wide, medially with a poorly developed and fimbriate lamella (sl) on anterior side. Angiocoxites (a) consisting of a medial part (mp), lateral lamellae (ll) and a synangiocoxal base (sa) with anterior processes (ap). Medial parts well developed, divided, shieldlike, heart shaped, mesal margins posteriorly with well-developed acuminate projections; angiocoxites posteroproximally with a pair of tufts (tf) including lobes with spiculiform outgrowths and long hairs. Lateral lamellae well developed with denticulate margin, oblong in lateral view, strongly curved posterior. Anterior processes long, tapering distad, subacuminate, as high as medial parts, sigmoid in lateral view, almost completely hidden behind medial parts. Syncoxal vesicle (cv) present posteriorly. Posterior gonopods (Figs 9 I, 10 D). Gonopodal sternum (s) wide, well developed. Angiocoxites (a) positioned posteriorly, slender, the same width throughout their height, curved slightly anterolaterad, slightly shorter than colpocoxites (c). Colpocoxites in anterior and posterior views rather lanceolate; fused with basal halves of angiocoxites. Telopodites (t) medium sized, rounded, placed posteriolaterally. Leg pair 2 in females. Coxae and first podomere covered with tubecules and numerous setae. Vulvae (Fig. 10 E – G). Operculum (o) well developed, bilobed, with 12 (6 + 6) setae, esal pair of setae setae very long, as long as vulval width. Bursa (b) with pronounced anteroproximal lips. Lateral valve with seven setae, mesal valve with 13 – 14 setae. Posteriorly, bursa with wrinkled lateral lobe. Locality and ecology. A cave by the roadside near the Shaori Reservoir is located on the Kutaisi-Tkibuli-Ambrolauri highway near Lake Shaori in the Racha karst massif. According to the information available, the cave entrance was opened during the road construction works in 2011. There is no speleological description of this cave and no species have been described or recorded prior to this study. The cave is dry and rather small, but with a dark zone and high humidity. The specimens of the new species were found in the dark zone of the cave, where they walked on the wet walls or on the rocks. Specimens of Carabidae and Pseudoscorpiones have also been recorded in the cave.	en	Antić, Dragan, Margalitadze, Ana, Šević, Mirko (2025): Four new cavernicolous species of the genus Acanthophorella Antić & Makarov, 2016 (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Anthroleucosomatidae) from Georgia, Caucasus. Zootaxa 5609 (1): 41-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5609.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5609.1.3
03BD0F44FFA6A010FF53FD03FD8D1AE3.taxon	distribution	Distribution. A Georgian endemic, known so far only from a cave by the roadside near the Shaori Reservoir in the Racha karst massif (Fig. 17).	en	Antić, Dragan, Margalitadze, Ana, Šević, Mirko (2025): Four new cavernicolous species of the genus Acanthophorella Antić & Makarov, 2016 (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Anthroleucosomatidae) from Georgia, Caucasus. Zootaxa 5609 (1): 41-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5609.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5609.1.3
03BD0F44FFBBA014FF53F913FEF41876.taxon	description	Figs 11 – 14, 16 J, 17	en	Antić, Dragan, Margalitadze, Ana, Šević, Mirko (2025): Four new cavernicolous species of the genus Acanthophorella Antić & Makarov, 2016 (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Anthroleucosomatidae) from Georgia, Caucasus. Zootaxa 5609 (1): 41-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5609.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5609.1.3
03BD0F44FFBBA014FF53F913FEF41876.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Troglobiotic species, which differs from the epigean, pigmented A. aurita, A. chegemi and A. irystoni by the depigmented body. The new species differs from the troglobiotic A. didi sp. nov., A. barjadzei, A. eto sp. nov. and A. devi by the presence of black ommatidia (vs. pale brownish or transparent ommatidia in A. didi sp. nov., A. barjadzei, A. eto sp. nov. and A. devi). A. spinicoxa sp. nov. differs easily from troglobiotic A. gaumarjos sp. nov. and A. valerii by well-developed, lateral, triangular projections and distal pairs of processes strongly curved proximo-posteriad on medial parts of anterior gonopod angiocoxites and by the presence of spinelike processes on coxae 10 (vs. absence of triangular projections and distal pairs of processes on medial parts of anterior gonopods and absence of spinelike processes on coxae 10 in A. gaumarjos sp. nov. and A. valerii). Name. The new species is named after the presence of a well-developed, thornlike process on the coxa of leg pair 10. Noun in apposition.	en	Antić, Dragan, Margalitadze, Ana, Šević, Mirko (2025): Four new cavernicolous species of the genus Acanthophorella Antić & Makarov, 2016 (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Anthroleucosomatidae) from Georgia, Caucasus. Zootaxa 5609 (1): 41-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5609.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5609.1.3
03BD0F44FFBBA014FF53F913FEF41876.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Holotype: GEORGIA ● ♂; Kharagauli municipality, Zemo Imereti plateau, Kozmani Cave; 42 ° 06 ’ 03 ” N 43 ° 17 ’ 18 ” E; 652 m a. s. l.; 18 June 2023; D. Antić, A. Faille and E. Maghradze leg.; NHMW-MY 10640. Paratypes: GEORGIA ● 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 2 juveniles; same data as for holotype; IZB ● 1 ♀; same data as for holotype; NHMW-MY 10641 ● 1 ♀; same data as for holotype; SMNS. Additional material: GEORGIA ● 1 ♀, 7 juveniles; Chiatura Municipality, Zemo Imereti plateau, Kotia Cave; 42 ° 12 ’ 38 ” N 43 ° 19 ’ 20 ” E; 749 m a. s. l.; 26 July 2022; D. Antić, L. Shavadze, E. Kiria and S. Barjadze leg.; IZB ● 4 juveniles; same locality but 24 June 2023; A. Faille and D. Antić leg.; IZB.	en	Antić, Dragan, Margalitadze, Ana, Šević, Mirko (2025): Four new cavernicolous species of the genus Acanthophorella Antić & Makarov, 2016 (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Anthroleucosomatidae) from Georgia, Caucasus. Zootaxa 5609 (1): 41-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5609.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5609.1.3
03BD0F44FFBBA014FF53F913FEF41876.taxon	description	Description Number of body segments and size. Body with 31 segments (including collum and telson). Holotype male 12.8 mm long, vertical diameter of the largest segment 0.95 mm. Paratype male 11.5 mm long, vertical diameter of the largest segment 0.95 mm. Paratype females 10.5 – 11.5 mm long, vertical diameter of the largest segment 1.0 mm. Coloration (Fig. 11). Depigmented, dirty white, with some pigment remnants on head and anterior segments. Ommatidia blackish. Head (Fig. 11 C). Setose, roundly convex in females, in males with labral and frontal surfaces flat with a convexity between and with a pair of poorly developed lateral lobes, each below antennal sockets. Labrum with three medial teeth and 4 + 4 labral and 2 + 2 supralabral setae. Promentum triangular, without setae. Lamellae linguales with 7 + 7 setae. Stipites with ca 25 setae each. Antennae 2.05 mm long in holotype male. Length of antennomeres (in mm): I (0.07), II (0.21), III (0.56), IV (0.30), V (0.54), VI (0.18), VII (0.15) and VIII (0.04). Length / breadth ratios of antennomeres I – VII: I (1), II (1.7), III (5.6), IV (3.0), V (4.0), VI (1.1) and VII (1.2). Antennomeres II, IV, V, VI and VII with one, three, one, four and one long sensillum trichoideum, respectively. Antennomere 6 with a distal corolla of longer sensilla basiconica. Antennomere 7 with one rather bacilliform sensillum (sensillum basiconicum?) curved distad, located below sensillum trichodeum. Lateral to antennal sockets, a group of papilliform outgrowths present. Number of ommatidia 13 in 4 rows in both holotype and paratype. Collum. Narrower than head, with six macrochaetae as all body segments. Anterior edge semi-circular, posterior margin gently concave. Body segments (Fig. 11 A, B, D – G). With well-developed lateral keels, almost rectangular in dorsal view. Macrochaetae long and rather trichoid. Telson. Epiproct with a pair of spinnerets and 3 + 3 setae (1 + 1 paramedian, 2 + 2 marginal). Hypoproct with 1 + 1 distal setae. Paraprocts with 3 + 3 marginal setae in distal part. Leg pairs 1 and 2. In both sexes with tarsal combs; femora, postfemora and tibiae with long and robust setae. Male sexual characters (Figs 11 F, 12). Gonopores mesally on coxae 2 (Fig. 12 A). Leg-pairs 3 – 7 enlarged, especially leg-pairs 3, 4 and 7 (Fig. 11 F). Leg-pairs 3 and 4 very thick (Fig. 12 B, C), each with a proximal lateral protrusion on prefemora; prefemora and femora strong, rectangular; tarsi shorter and thicker compared to other legs; femora, postfemora and tibiae each with a distoventral pad. Leg-pair 5 with a proximal, anterior, triangular, coxal protrusion (Fig. 12 D). Leg-pair 6 with a small proximal lateral protrusion on prefemora; without other peculiarities (Fig. 12 E). Leg-pair 7 robust; coxae with wide, well-developed, flattened bilobed posterior processes, covered with long setae anteriorlly; mesal lobe strongly developed, lateral ones small (Fig. 12 F). Leg-pair 10 with coxal glands and well-developed, thornlike coxal processes oriented posteriad (Fig. 12 G). Leg-pair 11 with coxal glands, no other peculiarities. Anterior gonopods (Figs 13 A, C, 14 A – C). Gonopodal sternum (s) wide, medially with a poorly developed and fimbriate lamella (sl) on anterior side. Angiocoxites (a) consisting of a medial part (mp), lateral lamellae (ll) and a synangiocoxal base (sa) with anterior processes (ap). Medial parts well developed, divided, but appressed to each other, shieldlike, with well-developed, lateral, triangular projections that covers subdistal parts of anterior processes in anterior view, distally with a pair of processes strongly curved proximoposteriad; angiocoxites posteroproximally with a pair of tufts (tf) including lobes with spiculiform outgrowths and short and long hairs. Lateral lamellae well developed and rather lanceolate in lateral view. Anterior processeses strongly developed, daggerlike, with two minute distal teeth, shorther than medial parts, slightly curved posteriad. Syncoxal vesicle (cv) present posteriorly. Posterior gonopods (Figs 13 B, D, 14 D). Gonopodal sternum (s) wide, well developed. Angiocoxites (a) positioned posteriorly, poorly developed, considerably shorter than colpocoxites (c), mainly fused with c, free parts in form of small knobs. Colpocoxites well developed, in anterior and posterior views oblong, parallel or divergent to each other. Telopodites (t) strongly reduced, placed posteriolaterally. Leg pair 2 in females. Coxae without setae or tubercules, with somewhat pronounced distal ridge. Vulvae (Fig. 14 E – G). As long as wide. Operculum (o) well developed, strongly bilobed, with six (3 + 3) setae. Bursa (b) with wide, well-developed lips. Valves comparable in size, mesal valve with 14 setae, mesal side with numerous tubercules. Lateral valve with somewhat pronounced bulge; with eight setae.	en	Antić, Dragan, Margalitadze, Ana, Šević, Mirko (2025): Four new cavernicolous species of the genus Acanthophorella Antić & Makarov, 2016 (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Anthroleucosomatidae) from Georgia, Caucasus. Zootaxa 5609 (1): 41-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5609.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5609.1.3
03BD0F44FFBBA014FF53F913FEF41876.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Antić et al. (2023) already wrote about the new Acanthophorella species from Kotia Cave. The observation was made on the basis of the gonopod pictures of a male that is considered lost in the IZISU collection. After comparing the pictures of the anterior and posterior gonopods of a male from Kotia Cave with the holotype from Kozmani Cave (see Fig. 13), it seems to us that we are dealing with a conspecific taxon. Locality and ecology. The Kotia and Kozmani caves are located in the Imereti region, Chiatura Municipality, Zemo Imereti plateau. The Kozmani Cave consists of three halls of different sizes, which are connected by small passages. The total length of the cave is 200 metres. It is a dry cave (Tatashidze et al. 2009). The new species were found in dark and humid parts of the cave, crawling on the rocks or under stones. So far, only two species, both collembolans, have been described from this cave, Deuteraphorura kozmani Parimuchová, Barjadze & Kováč in Parimuchová et al., 2023 and Plutomurus kharagauliensis Barjadze, Kováč & Parimuchová in Barjadze et al., 2022 (see Barjadze et al. 2022; Parimuchová et al. 2023). The Kotia Cave was formed in Cretaceous limestones and is mostly dry, except for a small underground stream at the end, and is 280 metres long (Tatashidze et al. 2009). In addition to the new species, two other troglobiotic millipedes are known from the cave, Leucogeorgia gioi Antić & Reip, 2020 and the hygropetricolous Leucogeorgia longipes (Antić and Reip 2020). Only recently an opilion species Nemaspela kotia Martens, Maghradze & Barjadze, 2023 was described (Martens et al. 2023).	en	Antić, Dragan, Margalitadze, Ana, Šević, Mirko (2025): Four new cavernicolous species of the genus Acanthophorella Antić & Makarov, 2016 (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Anthroleucosomatidae) from Georgia, Caucasus. Zootaxa 5609 (1): 41-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5609.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5609.1.3
03BD0F44FFBBA014FF53F913FEF41876.taxon	distribution	Distribution. A Georgian endemic, known so far only from the Kozmani and Kotia caves in the Zemo Imereti plateau (Fig. 17).	en	Antić, Dragan, Margalitadze, Ana, Šević, Mirko (2025): Four new cavernicolous species of the genus Acanthophorella Antić & Makarov, 2016 (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Anthroleucosomatidae) from Georgia, Caucasus. Zootaxa 5609 (1): 41-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5609.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5609.1.3
03BD0F44FFBDA016FF53FFF9FC161C38.taxon	description	Figs 15, 16 B, 17	en	Antić, Dragan, Margalitadze, Ana, Šević, Mirko (2025): Four new cavernicolous species of the genus Acanthophorella Antić & Makarov, 2016 (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Anthroleucosomatidae) from Georgia, Caucasus. Zootaxa 5609 (1): 41-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5609.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5609.1.3
03BD0F44FFBDA016FF53FFF9FC161C38.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Paratype: GEORGIA ● 1 ♀; Ambrolauri Municipality, Racha karst massif, 1 km from village Velevi, Dolabistavi Cave, dark zone; 1170 m a. s. l.; 13 October 2014; Sh. Barjadze leg.; IZB.	en	Antić, Dragan, Margalitadze, Ana, Šević, Mirko (2025): Four new cavernicolous species of the genus Acanthophorella Antić & Makarov, 2016 (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Anthroleucosomatidae) from Georgia, Caucasus. Zootaxa 5609 (1): 41-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5609.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5609.1.3
03BD0F44FFBDA016FF53FFF9FC161C38.taxon	description	Description Leg pair 2 in females. Coxae with somewhat developed protrusions covered with few nipple like tubercles and setae. Vulvae (Fig. 15). Almost as wide as long. Operculum (o) well developed, bilobed, with 10 setae (5 + 5) seate, mesal 1 + 1 setae longest. Bursa (b) with wide lip, anteriorly covering much of bursa. Valves asymmetric but comparable in size, with 10 setae on mesal and seven setae on lateral valve. Posteriorly with a ear-like lateral lobe. Note. As already mentioned, Antić et al. (2023) misidentified specimens from Muradi and Nikortsminda Sakinule caves as A. barjadzei and only their figure 21 B corresponds to this species. Acanthophorella barjadzei is so far only known from its type locality, the Dolabistavi Cave (Fig. 17).	en	Antić, Dragan, Margalitadze, Ana, Šević, Mirko (2025): Four new cavernicolous species of the genus Acanthophorella Antić & Makarov, 2016 (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Anthroleucosomatidae) from Georgia, Caucasus. Zootaxa 5609 (1): 41-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5609.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5609.1.3
03BD0F44FFB2A019FF53FFB6FA941ECA.taxon	description	Figs 16 I, 17	en	Antić, Dragan, Margalitadze, Ana, Šević, Mirko (2025): Four new cavernicolous species of the genus Acanthophorella Antić & Makarov, 2016 (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Anthroleucosomatidae) from Georgia, Caucasus. Zootaxa 5609 (1): 41-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5609.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5609.1.3
03BD0F44FFB2A019FF53FFB6FA941ECA.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Topotypes: GEORGIA ● 1 ♀, 7 juveniles; Oni Municipality, Racha karst massif, Usholta village, Usholta Cave; 1772 m a. s. l.; 23 June 2023; D. Antić, Ľ. Kováč, A. Faille and E. Maghradze leg.; IZB ● 1 ♂, 4 juveniles; same collection data as for preceding; SMNS ● 5 juveniles; same collection data as for preceding; IZISU.	en	Antić, Dragan, Margalitadze, Ana, Šević, Mirko (2025): Four new cavernicolous species of the genus Acanthophorella Antić & Makarov, 2016 (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Anthroleucosomatidae) from Georgia, Caucasus. Zootaxa 5609 (1): 41-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5609.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5609.1.3
