taxonID	type	description	language	source
03BA878261458B1DFF7BF8EEFD668D97.taxon	description	Figures 3 A, 4 A, and 5; Table 6.	en	Wang, Hao-Tian, Yu, Feng-Bin, Zheng, Pu-Yang, Zhang, Hao-Yu, Qi, Xu-Ming, Jiang, Zhao-Xuan, Li, Mao-Liang, Qi, Shuo, Song, Han-Ming, Yang, Hao-Cong, Huang, Ming-Hong, Li, Guo-Yi, Wang, Wei, Wang, Shi-Li, Mo, Yan-Ni, Xie, Feng, Li, Pi-Peng, Wang, Ying- Yong (2025): Descriptions of three new species of Hemiphyllodactylus Bleeker, 1860 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Hainan Island, China. Zootaxa 5633 (2): 201-243, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5633.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5633.2.1
03BA878261458B1DFF7BF8EEFD668D97.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. SYS r 002862, subadult male, from Mt. Diaoluo, Lingshui Li Autonomous County, Hainan Province, China (18.7096 ° N, 109.8410 ° E; 595 m a. s. l.) collected on 19 Apirl 2024 by Hao-Yu Zhang. Paratypes. SYS r 002863, adult female, data same as the holotype; adult female CIB DLS 20220629011 collected from Mt. Diaoluo (18.6959 ° N, 8800 ° E; 650 m a. s. l.), Lingshui Li Autonomous County, Hainan Province, China on 29 June 2022 by Pu-Yang Zheng. Referred specimen. SYS r 002787, juvenile, from Mt. Diaoluo, Lingshui County, Hainan Province, China (18.6771 ° N, 109.8815 ° E; 510 m a. s. l.) collected on 7 Apirl 2023 by Mao-Liang Li, only used in molecular analysis, not assigned as type.	en	Wang, Hao-Tian, Yu, Feng-Bin, Zheng, Pu-Yang, Zhang, Hao-Yu, Qi, Xu-Ming, Jiang, Zhao-Xuan, Li, Mao-Liang, Qi, Shuo, Song, Han-Ming, Yang, Hao-Cong, Huang, Ming-Hong, Li, Guo-Yi, Wang, Wei, Wang, Shi-Li, Mo, Yan-Ni, Xie, Feng, Li, Pi-Peng, Wang, Ying- Yong (2025): Descriptions of three new species of Hemiphyllodactylus Bleeker, 1860 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Hainan Island, China. Zootaxa 5633 (2): 201-243, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5633.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5633.2.1
03BA878261458B1DFF7BF8EEFD668D97.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet “ diaoluoshanensis ” is a toponym referring to the type locality of Mt. Diaoluo, Hainan Island, shan means mountain in Chinese. Common names. Diaoluoshan Slender Gecko in English; 吊 ḆƜ 半叶D Ẽ (diào luó shān bàn yѐ zhǐ hǔ) in Chinese.	en	Wang, Hao-Tian, Yu, Feng-Bin, Zheng, Pu-Yang, Zhang, Hao-Yu, Qi, Xu-Ming, Jiang, Zhao-Xuan, Li, Mao-Liang, Qi, Shuo, Song, Han-Ming, Yang, Hao-Cong, Huang, Ming-Hong, Li, Guo-Yi, Wang, Wei, Wang, Shi-Li, Mo, Yan-Ni, Xie, Feng, Li, Pi-Peng, Wang, Ying- Yong (2025): Descriptions of three new species of Hemiphyllodactylus Bleeker, 1860 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Hainan Island, China. Zootaxa 5633 (2): 201-243, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5633.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5633.2.1
03BA878261458B1DFF7BF8EEFD668D97.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Hemiphyllodactylus diaoluoshanensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from all other congeners by a combination of the following morphological characters: a maximum SVL of 30.4 mm; eight chin scales; distinctly enlarged postmentals; five circumnasal scales; three intersupranasals; nine or 10 supralabials; nine infralabials; 11 or 12 longitudinally arranged dorsal scales at midbody contained within one eye diameter and seven ventral scales; four subdigital lamellae on the first finger and toe; lamellar formulae of digits II – V, 3 - 3 - 3 - 3 on hands and 3 - 4 - 4 - 4 on feet; 15 continuous, pore-bearing, femoroprecloacal scales in the male; one cloacal spur on each side; no plate-like subcaudal scales; a weak dark-colored pre- and postorbital stripe extending to at least base of neck; dark short rod-like paravertebral markings on trunk; no dorsolateral light-colored spots on trunk; no dark-colored ventrolateral stripe on trunk; light-colored postsacral marking variably bearing anteriorly projecting arms absence; and caecum and gonads unpigmented.	en	Wang, Hao-Tian, Yu, Feng-Bin, Zheng, Pu-Yang, Zhang, Hao-Yu, Qi, Xu-Ming, Jiang, Zhao-Xuan, Li, Mao-Liang, Qi, Shuo, Song, Han-Ming, Yang, Hao-Cong, Huang, Ming-Hong, Li, Guo-Yi, Wang, Wei, Wang, Shi-Li, Mo, Yan-Ni, Xie, Feng, Li, Pi-Peng, Wang, Ying- Yong (2025): Descriptions of three new species of Hemiphyllodactylus Bleeker, 1860 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Hainan Island, China. Zootaxa 5633 (2): 201-243, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5633.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5633.2.1
03BA878261458B1DFF7BF8EEFD668D97.taxon	description	Description of holotype. Subadult male, SVL 23.0 mm; head triangular in dorsal view, moderate size (HL / SVL 0.26), length longer than width (HW / HL 0.67), depressed, distinct from neck; snout rounded anteriorly, moderate in length (SN / HL 0.40); lores slightly concave; prefrontal region flat; rostral regular rectangular, wider than mental, bordered posteriorly by first large supranasals; external nares oval, surrounded by rostral, first supralabial, supranasal and two postnasals posteriorly (five circumnasals collectively); three intersupranasals; eye large (ED / HL 0.20), pupil vertical, margins crenulated; ear opening elliptical, obliquely orientated; nine square supralabials tapering to below posterior margin of orbit; nine square infralabials tapering to below posterior margin of orbit; scales of rostrum and lores, raised; scales on top of head and occiput small, granular; superciliaries raised, rectangular; mental triangular, bordered laterally by first infralabials and posteriorly by two distinctly enlarged postmentals; eight chin scales contacting the medial edge of the infralabials and mental from the juncture of the second and third infralabials on both sides; gular scales triangular, small, granular. Body slender, elongate (AG / SVL 0.50), dorsoventrally compressed; dorsals smooth, round or oval, granular and juxtaposed, 11 scales contained within one eye diameter; ventrals distinctly larger than dorsal scales, flat, imbricate and largest in middle of belly, seven scales contained within one eye diameter; precloacal scales nont enlarged; pore-bearing precloacal scales continuous with pore-bearing femoral scales, totaling 15 pore-bearing femoroprecloacal scales. Fore- and hind-limbs short, dorsal surface covered with smooth, granular scales and slightly larger, flat, subimbricate scales on ventral surface; all digits except digit I well-developed, clawed and robustly dilated distally; digit I vestigial, clawless with transversely expanded lamellae, four on both first fingers and first toes; claws on digits II – V well developed, unsheathed; subdigital lamellae of digits II – V divided, angular and U-shaped; lamellae proximal to these transversely expanded, undivided; distal subdigital lamellar formula 3 - 3 - 3 - 3 (fingers II – V) and 3 - 4 - 4 - 4 (toes II – V); relative length fingers and toes I <II <III ≈ V <IV. Tail slightly swollen at base, oval in section; caudal scales not occurring in whorls; dorsal caudal scales larger than dorsal body scales, flat, subcycloid, subimbricate; subcaudals slightly larger than dorsal caudals, not plate-like; one enlarged cloacal spur on each side. Other raw mensural data and ratios are shown in Table 6. Coloration in life. The following description was taken from living specimens photographed in the morning, approximately 12 hours after the time of collection (the same for the species below). Ground color of top of head, body, and limbs dusky tan; a distinct dark-colored loreal and postorbital stripe extending to at least base of neck; pupil black; iris yellowish brown with dark brown irregular thin veins; two rows of short, dark, rod-like paravertebral markings on trunk; no dorsolateral light-colored spots on trunk; some dark-colored spots scattered on dorsal head and limbs; light-colored postsacral marking variably bearing anteriorly projecting arms absent; ventral surface of head, body and limbs pale white with tiny black spots; caecum and gonads unpigmented; the coloration of tail dorsum distinct from the body, yellowish beige in general with some black bands not encircling tail; median subcaudal region bright orange. Coloration in alcohol. In preservative, dorsal ground color of head, body, and limbs become darker; ventral surface grayish white; subcaudal faded to grayish white; dark spots on dorsal surface blurred. Comparisons. The molecular analyses indicated that Hemiphyllodactylus diaoluoshanensis sp. nov. is embedded within Clade 4. The new species is compared with other species within Clade 4 and H. khlonglanensis, which is sister to Clade 4 (Table 7). In terms of scalation, the new species differs from H. linnwayensis by having more chin scales (8 versus 4 – 6); from H. jinpingensis, H. linnwayensis, H. tonywhitteni and H. khlonglanensis by having different lamellar formulae (digits II – V) on hands (3 - 3 - 3 - 3 versus (3 or 4) - (4 or 5) - (4 or 5) - (3 or 4), 4 - 4 - 4 - 4, 4 - (4 or 5) - (4 or 5) - (4 or 5) and (3 or 4) - 4 - 4 - 4, respectively); from H. chiangmaiensis, H. linnwayensis, H. ywanganensis, H. uga, H. mengsongcunensis and H. khlonglanensis by lamellar formulae (digits II – V) on the feet (3 - 4 - 4 - 4 versus 3 - (3 or 4) - 3 - 3, 4 - 5 - (4 or 5) - 4, 3 - 3 - 3 - 3, 3 - 3 - 3 - 3, (4 or 5) - (4 – 6) - (4 – 6) - (4 or 5) and 4 - 4 - 4 - 4, respectively); from H. menglianensis by having fewer dorsal scales contained within one eye diameter (11 – 13 versus 16 – 18); and from H. montawaensis and H. ywanganensis by fewer total femoroprecloacal pores (15 versus 19 – 21 and 26, respectively). In body coloration and pattern, the new species differs from H. chiangmaiensis, H. linnwayensis, H. ngwelwini and H. tonywhitteni by the absence of dorsolateral light-colored spots on trunk (versus presence); from H. linnwayensis, H. montawaensis, H. ngwelwini, H. tonywhitteni, H. ywanganensis and H. uga by the presence of dark dorsal transverse blotches (versus absence); and differs from H. chiangmaiensis by having an unpigmented caecum and gonads (versus pigmented). In terms of body ratios, the new species differs from H. jinpingensis and H. simaoensis by having a narrower head (HW / HL), a shorter snout-eye length (SN / HL), a shorter nares-eye length (NE / HL) and smaller eyes (ED / HL); from H. mengsongcunensis by having a wider snout width (SW / HW) and from H. linnwayensis and H. ywanganensis by a greater axilla-groin length (AG / SVL). On Hainan Island, the new species differs from Hemiphyllodactylus typus by having fewer the number of lamellae on digits II – V of the fingers and toes (3 - 3 - 3 - 3 and 3 - 4 - 4 - 4 versus 3 - 4 - 4 - 4 and 4 - 5 - 5 - 4), one enlarged cloacal spur on each side (versus one or two small), the absence of dorsolateral light-colored spots on trunk (versus presence) and unpigmented caecum and gonads (versus pigmented).	en	Wang, Hao-Tian, Yu, Feng-Bin, Zheng, Pu-Yang, Zhang, Hao-Yu, Qi, Xu-Ming, Jiang, Zhao-Xuan, Li, Mao-Liang, Qi, Shuo, Song, Han-Ming, Yang, Hao-Cong, Huang, Ming-Hong, Li, Guo-Yi, Wang, Wei, Wang, Shi-Li, Mo, Yan-Ni, Xie, Feng, Li, Pi-Peng, Wang, Ying- Yong (2025): Descriptions of three new species of Hemiphyllodactylus Bleeker, 1860 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Hainan Island, China. Zootaxa 5633 (2): 201-243, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5633.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5633.2.1
03BA8782615A8B13FF7BFEEBFD5D8977.taxon	description	Figures 3 B, 4 B and 6, Table 6.	en	Wang, Hao-Tian, Yu, Feng-Bin, Zheng, Pu-Yang, Zhang, Hao-Yu, Qi, Xu-Ming, Jiang, Zhao-Xuan, Li, Mao-Liang, Qi, Shuo, Song, Han-Ming, Yang, Hao-Cong, Huang, Ming-Hong, Li, Guo-Yi, Wang, Wei, Wang, Shi-Li, Mo, Yan-Ni, Xie, Feng, Li, Pi-Peng, Wang, Ying- Yong (2025): Descriptions of three new species of Hemiphyllodactylus Bleeker, 1860 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Hainan Island, China. Zootaxa 5633 (2): 201-243, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5633.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5633.2.1
03BA8782615A8B13FF7BFEEBFD5D8977.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. SYS r 002682, adult male, from Mt. Jianfengling, Ledong Li Autonomous County, Hainan Province, China (18.7516 ° N, 108.9540 ° E; 510 m a. s. l.) collected on 18 July 2022 by Zhao-Xuan Jiang. Paratypes. SYS r 002932 and SYS r 002933, adult females, from Mt. Jianfengling, Ledong Li Autonomous County, Hainan Province, China (18.6904 ° N, 108.8618 ° E; 718 m a. s. l.), collected on 19 January 2025 by Zhong-Bin Yu, and on 27 January 2025 by Hao-Cong Yang, respectively.	en	Wang, Hao-Tian, Yu, Feng-Bin, Zheng, Pu-Yang, Zhang, Hao-Yu, Qi, Xu-Ming, Jiang, Zhao-Xuan, Li, Mao-Liang, Qi, Shuo, Song, Han-Ming, Yang, Hao-Cong, Huang, Ming-Hong, Li, Guo-Yi, Wang, Wei, Wang, Shi-Li, Mo, Yan-Ni, Xie, Feng, Li, Pi-Peng, Wang, Ying- Yong (2025): Descriptions of three new species of Hemiphyllodactylus Bleeker, 1860 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Hainan Island, China. Zootaxa 5633 (2): 201-243, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5633.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5633.2.1
03BA8782615A8B13FF7BFEEBFD5D8977.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet “ jianfenglingensis ” is a toponym referring to the type locality of Mt. Jianfengling, Hainan Island.	en	Wang, Hao-Tian, Yu, Feng-Bin, Zheng, Pu-Yang, Zhang, Hao-Yu, Qi, Xu-Ming, Jiang, Zhao-Xuan, Li, Mao-Liang, Qi, Shuo, Song, Han-Ming, Yang, Hao-Cong, Huang, Ming-Hong, Li, Guo-Yi, Wang, Wei, Wang, Shi-Li, Mo, Yan-Ni, Xie, Feng, Li, Pi-Peng, Wang, Ying- Yong (2025): Descriptions of three new species of Hemiphyllodactylus Bleeker, 1860 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Hainan Island, China. Zootaxa 5633 (2): 201-243, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5633.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5633.2.1
03BA8782615A8B13FF7BFEEBFD5D8977.taxon	vernacular_names	Common names. Jianfengling Slender Gecko in English; and “ 尖 ḏė 半叶D Ẽ (jiān fēng lǐng bàn yѐ zhǐ hǔ) ” in Chinese.	en	Wang, Hao-Tian, Yu, Feng-Bin, Zheng, Pu-Yang, Zhang, Hao-Yu, Qi, Xu-Ming, Jiang, Zhao-Xuan, Li, Mao-Liang, Qi, Shuo, Song, Han-Ming, Yang, Hao-Cong, Huang, Ming-Hong, Li, Guo-Yi, Wang, Wei, Wang, Shi-Li, Mo, Yan-Ni, Xie, Feng, Li, Pi-Peng, Wang, Ying- Yong (2025): Descriptions of three new species of Hemiphyllodactylus Bleeker, 1860 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Hainan Island, China. Zootaxa 5633 (2): 201-243, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5633.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5633.2.1
03BA8782615A8B13FF7BFEEBFD5D8977.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Hemiphyllodactylus jianfenglingensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from all other congeners by a combination of the following morphological characters: a maximum SVL of 33.8 mm; nine or 10 chin scales; distinctly enlarged postmentals; five circumnasal scales; two or three intersupranasals; nine or 10 supralabials; nine or infralabials; 12 – 14 longitudinally arranged dorsal scales at midbody contained within one eye diameter and six ventral scales; four subdigital lamellae on the first finger and toe; lamellar formulae (digits II – V) 3 - 3 - 3 - 3 on hands and 3 - 4 - 4 - 4 on feet; 21 continuous, pore-bearing, femoroprecloacal scales in the male; one cloacal spur on each side; no plate-like subcaudal scales; a weak, dark-colored pre- and postorbital stripe extending to at least base of neck; short, dark, rod-like paravertebral markings on trunk; no dorsolateral light-colored spots on trunk; no dark-colored ventrolateral stripe on trunk; light-colored postsacral marking variably bearing anteriorly projecting arms absence; and caecum and gonads unpigmented.	en	Wang, Hao-Tian, Yu, Feng-Bin, Zheng, Pu-Yang, Zhang, Hao-Yu, Qi, Xu-Ming, Jiang, Zhao-Xuan, Li, Mao-Liang, Qi, Shuo, Song, Han-Ming, Yang, Hao-Cong, Huang, Ming-Hong, Li, Guo-Yi, Wang, Wei, Wang, Shi-Li, Mo, Yan-Ni, Xie, Feng, Li, Pi-Peng, Wang, Ying- Yong (2025): Descriptions of three new species of Hemiphyllodactylus Bleeker, 1860 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Hainan Island, China. Zootaxa 5633 (2): 201-243, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5633.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5633.2.1
03BA8782615A8B13FF7BFEEBFD5D8977.taxon	description	Description of holotype. Adult male, SVL 29.5 mm; head triangular in dorsal view, moderate size (HL / SVL 0.23), length longer than width (HW / HL 0.74), depressed, distinct from neck; snout rounded anteriorly, moderate in length (SN / HL 0.43); lores slightly concave; prefrontal region flat; rostral regular rectangular, wider than mental, bordered posteriorly by first large supranasals; external nares oval, surrounded by rostral, first supralabial, supranasal and two postnasals posteriorly (five circumnasals collectively); three intersupranasals; eye large (ED / HL 0.23), pupil vertical, margins crenulated; ear opening elliptical, obliquely orientated; 10 square supralabials tapering to below posterior margin of orbit; 10 square infralabials tapering to below posterior margin of orbit; scales of rostrum and lores, raised; scales on top of head and occiput small, granular; superciliaries raised, rectangular; mental triangular, bordered laterally by first infralabials and posteriorly by two distinctly enlarged postmentals; 9 chin scales contacting the medial edge of the infralabials and mental from the juncture of the second and third infralabials on both sides; gular scales triangular, small, granular. Body slender, elongate (AG / SVL 0.56), dorsoventrally compressed; dorsals smooth, round or oval, granular and juxtaposed, 14 scales contained within one eye diameter; ventrals distinctly larger than dorsal scales, flat, imbricate and largest in middle of belly, six scales contained within one eye diameter; precloacal scales not enlarged; pore-bearing precloacal scales continuous with pore-bearing femoral scales, totaling 21 pore-bearing femoroprecloacal scales. Fore- and hind-limbs short, dorsal surface covered with smooth, granular scales and slightly larger, flat, subimbricate scales on ventral surface; all digits except digit I well-developed, clawed and robustly dilated distally; digit I vestigial, clawless with transversely expanded lamellae, four on both first fingers and first toes; claws on digits II – V well developed, unsheathed; subdigital lamellae of digits II – V divided, angular and U-shaped; lamellae proximal to these transversely expanded, undivided; distal subdigital lamellar formula 3 - 3 - 3 - 3 (fingers II – V) and 3 - 4 - 4 - 4 (toes II – V); relative length fingers and toes I <II <III ≈ V <IV. Tail slightly swollen at base, oval in section; caudal scales not occurring in whorls; dorsal caudal scales larger than dorsal body scales, flat, subcycloid, subimbricate; subcaudals slightly larger than dorsal caudals, not plate-like; one enlarged cloacal spur on each side. Other raw mensural data and ratios are shown in Table 6. Coloration in life. Ground color of top of head, body, and limbs dusky tan; a distinct dark-colored loreal and postorbital stripe extending to at least base of neck; pupil black; iris yellowish brown with dark brown irregular thin veins; two rows of short, dark, rod-like paravertebral markings on trunk; no dorsolateral light-colored spots on trunk; some dark-colored spots scattered on dorsal head and limbs; light-colored postsacral marking variably bearing anteriorly projecting arms absent; ventral surface of head, body and limbs pale white with tiny black spots; caecum and gonads unpigmented; the coloration of tail dorsum distinct from that of body, yellowish beige in general with some black bands not encircling tail; median subcaudal region bright orange. Coloration in alcohol. In preservative, dorsal ground color of head, body, and limbs become darker; ventral surface grayish white; subcaudal faded to grayish white; dark spots on dorsal surface blurred. Comparisons. The molecular analyses indicate that Hemiphyllodactylus jianfenglingensis sp. nov. is embedded within Clade 4. The new species is compared with other species within Clade 4 and with H. khlonglanensis, which is sister to Clade 4 (Table 7). In terms of scalation, the new species differs from H. linnwayensis and H. montawaensis by having more chin scales (9 or 10 versus 4 – 6 and 4 – 7, respectively); from H. menglianensis by having fewer dorsal scales contained within one eye diameter (12 – 14 versus 16 – 18); from H. jinpingensis, H. linnwayensis, H. mengsongcunensis, H. tonywhitteni and H. khlonglanensis by different digital formulas on hands (3 - 3 - 3 - 3 versus (3 or 4) - (4 or 5) - (4 or 5) - (3 or 4), 4 - 4 - 4 - 4, (3 or 4) - (4 – 6) - (4 – 7) - (4 or 5), 4 - (4 or 5) - (4 or 5) - (4 or 5) and (3 or 4) - 4 - 4 - 4, respectively); from H. chiangmaiensis, H. linnwayensis, H. mengsongcunensis, H. ywanganensis, H. uga and H. khlonglanensis by different lamellar formulae on feet (3 - 4 - 4 - 4 versus 3 - (3 or 4) - 3 - 3, 4 - 5 - (4 or 5) - 4, (4 or 5) - (4 – 6) - (4 – 6) - (4 or 5), 3 - 3 - 3 - 3, 3 - 3 - 3 - 3 and 4 - 4 - 4 - 4, respectively); and from H. mengsongcunensis and H. ywanganensis by having fewer total femoroprecloacal pores (21 versus 26 – 30 and 26, respectively). In body coloration and pattern, the new species differs from H. chiangmaiensis, H. ngwelwini and H. tonywhitteni by the absence of dorsolateral light-colored spots on trunk (versus presence); from H. linnwayensis, H. montawaensis, H. ngwelwini, H. tonywhitteni, H. ywanganensis and H. uga by the presence of dark dorsal transverse blotches (versus absence); and from H. chiangmaiensis by having unpigmented caecum and gonads (versus pigmented). In terms of body ratios, the new species differs from H. jinpingensis and H. simaoensis by having a narrower head (HW / HL), a shorter snout-eye length (SN / HL), a shorter nares-eye length (NE / HL) and smaller eyes (ED / HL); and differs from H. menglianensis by having a shorter and wider head (HL / SVL and HW / HL). On Hainan Island, the new species differs from Hemiphyllodactylus typus by having fewer ventral scales contained within one eye diameter (6 versus 8 – 10), fewer lamellae on digits II – V of the fingers and toes (3 - 3 - 3 - 3 and 3 - 4 - 4 - 4 versus 3 - 4 - 4 - 4 and 4 - 5 - 5 - 4), one enlarged cloacal spur on each side (versus one or two small), the absence of dorsolateral light-colored spots on trunk (versus presence) and unpigmented caecum and gonads (versus pigmented); and from H. diaoluoshanensis sp. nov. by more total femoroprecloacal pores (21 versus 15). Variation. Measurements and scale counts of seven individuals are shown in Table 6. The female individuals have prominently protruding endolymphatic sacs on both sides of the neck (Figure 4 B).	en	Wang, Hao-Tian, Yu, Feng-Bin, Zheng, Pu-Yang, Zhang, Hao-Yu, Qi, Xu-Ming, Jiang, Zhao-Xuan, Li, Mao-Liang, Qi, Shuo, Song, Han-Ming, Yang, Hao-Cong, Huang, Ming-Hong, Li, Guo-Yi, Wang, Wei, Wang, Shi-Li, Mo, Yan-Ni, Xie, Feng, Li, Pi-Peng, Wang, Ying- Yong (2025): Descriptions of three new species of Hemiphyllodactylus Bleeker, 1860 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Hainan Island, China. Zootaxa 5633 (2): 201-243, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5633.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5633.2.1
03BA878261548B2BFF7BFBB6FD0688A7.taxon	description	Figures 3 C, 4 C and 7, Table 6.	en	Wang, Hao-Tian, Yu, Feng-Bin, Zheng, Pu-Yang, Zhang, Hao-Yu, Qi, Xu-Ming, Jiang, Zhao-Xuan, Li, Mao-Liang, Qi, Shuo, Song, Han-Ming, Yang, Hao-Cong, Huang, Ming-Hong, Li, Guo-Yi, Wang, Wei, Wang, Shi-Li, Mo, Yan-Ni, Xie, Feng, Li, Pi-Peng, Wang, Ying- Yong (2025): Descriptions of three new species of Hemiphyllodactylus Bleeker, 1860 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Hainan Island, China. Zootaxa 5633 (2): 201-243, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5633.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5633.2.1
03BA878261548B2BFF7BFBB6FD0688A7.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. SYS r 002845, adult male, from Mt. Diaoluo, Lingshui Li Autonomous County, Hainan Province, China (18.7156 ° N, 109.8828 ° E; 515 m a. s. l.) collected on 13 February 2024 by Feng-Bin Yu.	en	Wang, Hao-Tian, Yu, Feng-Bin, Zheng, Pu-Yang, Zhang, Hao-Yu, Qi, Xu-Ming, Jiang, Zhao-Xuan, Li, Mao-Liang, Qi, Shuo, Song, Han-Ming, Yang, Hao-Cong, Huang, Ming-Hong, Li, Guo-Yi, Wang, Wei, Wang, Shi-Li, Mo, Yan-Ni, Xie, Feng, Li, Pi-Peng, Wang, Ying- Yong (2025): Descriptions of three new species of Hemiphyllodactylus Bleeker, 1860 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Hainan Island, China. Zootaxa 5633 (2): 201-243, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5633.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5633.2.1
03BA878261548B2BFF7BFBB6FD0688A7.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet “ lingshuiensis ” is a toponym referring to the type locality of Mt. Diaoluo, Lingshui Li Autonomous County, Hainan Island.	en	Wang, Hao-Tian, Yu, Feng-Bin, Zheng, Pu-Yang, Zhang, Hao-Yu, Qi, Xu-Ming, Jiang, Zhao-Xuan, Li, Mao-Liang, Qi, Shuo, Song, Han-Ming, Yang, Hao-Cong, Huang, Ming-Hong, Li, Guo-Yi, Wang, Wei, Wang, Shi-Li, Mo, Yan-Ni, Xie, Feng, Li, Pi-Peng, Wang, Ying- Yong (2025): Descriptions of three new species of Hemiphyllodactylus Bleeker, 1860 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Hainan Island, China. Zootaxa 5633 (2): 201-243, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5633.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5633.2.1
03BA878261548B2BFF7BFBB6FD0688A7.taxon	vernacular_names	Common names. Lingshui Slender Gecko in English; and “ kAE 半叶D Ẽ (líng shǔi bàn yѐ zhǐ hǔ) ” in Chinese.	en	Wang, Hao-Tian, Yu, Feng-Bin, Zheng, Pu-Yang, Zhang, Hao-Yu, Qi, Xu-Ming, Jiang, Zhao-Xuan, Li, Mao-Liang, Qi, Shuo, Song, Han-Ming, Yang, Hao-Cong, Huang, Ming-Hong, Li, Guo-Yi, Wang, Wei, Wang, Shi-Li, Mo, Yan-Ni, Xie, Feng, Li, Pi-Peng, Wang, Ying- Yong (2025): Descriptions of three new species of Hemiphyllodactylus Bleeker, 1860 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Hainan Island, China. Zootaxa 5633 (2): 201-243, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5633.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5633.2.1
03BA878261548B2BFF7BFBB6FD0688A7.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Hemiphyllodactylus lingshuiensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from all other congeners by a combination of the following morphological characters: a maximum SVL of 35.4 mm; six chin scales; enlarged postmentals; five circumnasal scales; two intersupranasals; eight or nine supralabials; nine or 10 infralabials; 18 longitudinally arranged dorsal scales at midbody contained within one eye diameter and 11 ventral scales; five or six subdigital lamellae on the first finger and five on the first toe; lamellar formulae (digits II – V) 4 - 5 - 5 - 5 on hands and 5 - 5 - 6 - 5 on feet; 23 continuous, pore-bearing, femoroprecloacal scales in the male; one cloacal spur on each side; no plate-like subcaudal scales; no dark-colored pre- and postorbital stripe extending to at least base of neck; dark reticulate pattern on dorsum; dorsolateral light-colored spots on trunk; no dark-colored ventrolateral stripe on trunk; light-colored postsacral marking variably bearing anteriorly projecting arms; and caecum and gonads unpigmented.	en	Wang, Hao-Tian, Yu, Feng-Bin, Zheng, Pu-Yang, Zhang, Hao-Yu, Qi, Xu-Ming, Jiang, Zhao-Xuan, Li, Mao-Liang, Qi, Shuo, Song, Han-Ming, Yang, Hao-Cong, Huang, Ming-Hong, Li, Guo-Yi, Wang, Wei, Wang, Shi-Li, Mo, Yan-Ni, Xie, Feng, Li, Pi-Peng, Wang, Ying- Yong (2025): Descriptions of three new species of Hemiphyllodactylus Bleeker, 1860 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Hainan Island, China. Zootaxa 5633 (2): 201-243, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5633.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5633.2.1
03BA878261548B2BFF7BFBB6FD0688A7.taxon	description	Description of holotype. Adult male, SVL 35.4 mm; head triangular in dorsal view, moderate size (HL / SVL 0.26), length longer than width (HW / HL 0.72), depressed, distinct from neck; snout rounded anteriorly, moderate in length (SN / HL 0.38); lores slightly concave; prefrontal region slightly convex; rostral regular rectangular, wider than mental, bordered posteriorly by first large supranasals; external nares oval, rounded by rostral, first supralabial, supranasal and two postnasal posteriorly (five circumnasals collectively); two intersupranasals; eye large (ED / HL 0.22), pupil vertical, margins crenulated; ear opening elliptical, obliquely orientated; eight or nine square supralabials tapering to below posterior margin of orbit; nine or 10 square infralabials tapering to below posterior margin of orbit; scales of rostrum and lores, raised; scales on top of head and occiput small, granular; superciliaries raised, rectangular; mental triangular, bordered laterally by first infralabials and posteriorly by two distinctly enlarged postmentals; 6 chin scales contacting the medial edge of the infralabials and mental from the juncture of the second and third infralabials on both sides; gular scales triangular, small, granular. Body slender, elongate (AG / SVL 0.49), dorsoventrally compressed; dorsals smooth, round or oval, granular and juxtaposed, 18 scales contained within one eye diameter; ventrals distinctly larger than dorsal scales, flat, imbricate and largest in middle of belly, 11 scales contained within one eye diameter; precloacal scales notenlarged; pore-bearing precloacal scales continuous with pore-bearing femoral scales, totaling 23 pore-bearing femoroprecloacal scales. Fore- and hind-limbs short, dorsal surface covered with smooth, granular scales and slightly larger, flat, subimbricate scales on ventral surface; all digits except digit I well-developed, clawed and robustly dilated distally; digit I vestigial, clawless with transversely expanded lamellae, five or six on first fingers and five on first toes; claws on digits II – V well developed, unsheathed; subdigital lamellae of digits II – V divided, angular and U-shaped; lamellae proximal to these transversely expanded, undivided; distal subdigital lamellar formula 4 - 5 - 5 - 5 (fingers II – V) and 5 - 5 - 6 - 5 (toes II – V); relative length fingers and toes I <II <III ≈ V <IV. Tail slightly swollen at base, oval in section; caudal scales not occurring in whorls; dorsal caudal scales larger than dorsal body scales, flat, subcycloid, subimbricate; subcaudals slightly larger than dorsal caudals, not plate-like; one cloacal spur on each side. Other raw mensural data and ratios are shown in Table 6. Coloration in life. Ground color of top of head, body, and limbs dusky tan; no dark-colored loreal and postorbital stripe extending to at least base of neck; pupil black; iris yellowish brown with dark brown irregular thin veins; dark reticulate pattern on dorsum; no dorsolateral light-colored spots on trunk; some dark-colored spots scattered on dorsal head and limbs; dorsolateral light-colored spots on trunk; light brownish postsacral marking variably bearing anteriorly projecting arms; ventral surface of head, body and limbs pale white with tiny black spots; caecum and gonads unpigmented; the coloration of tail dorsum distinct from body, yellowish beige in general with some light bands not encircling tail with irregular dark edges; median subcaudal region bright orange. Coloration in alcohol. In preservative, dorsal ground color of head, body, and limbs become darker; ventral surface grayish white; subcaudal faded to grayish white; dark spots on dorsal surface blurred.	en	Wang, Hao-Tian, Yu, Feng-Bin, Zheng, Pu-Yang, Zhang, Hao-Yu, Qi, Xu-Ming, Jiang, Zhao-Xuan, Li, Mao-Liang, Qi, Shuo, Song, Han-Ming, Yang, Hao-Cong, Huang, Ming-Hong, Li, Guo-Yi, Wang, Wei, Wang, Shi-Li, Mo, Yan-Ni, Xie, Feng, Li, Pi-Peng, Wang, Ying- Yong (2025): Descriptions of three new species of Hemiphyllodactylus Bleeker, 1860 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Hainan Island, China. Zootaxa 5633 (2): 201-243, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5633.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5633.2.1
03BA878261548B2BFF7BFBB6FD0688A7.taxon	discussion	Comparisons. The molecular analyses indicate that Hemiphyllodactylus lingshuiensis sp. nov. is embedded within the Indochina clade. The new species is compared with the other 15 species within this clade (Table 8). In terms of scalation, the new species differs from H. dupanglingensis, H. dushanensis, H. houaphanensis, H. huishuiensis, H. lungcuensis, H. nahangensis, H. pardalis, H. vanhonensis and H. yanshanensis by having fewer chin scales (6 versus> 6); from H. banaensis, H. bonkowskii, H. dupanglingensis, H. dushanensis, H. hongkongensis, H. huishuiensis, H. kiziriani, H. lungcuensis, H. nahangensis, H. ngocsonensis and H. serpispecus by having more circumnasal scales (5 versus <5); from H. banaensis, H. nahangensis, H. ngocsonensis and H. pardalis by having fewer intersupranasals (2 vs> 2); from H. dupanglingensis, H. dushanensis, H. hongkongensis, H. kiziriani, H. lungcuensis, H. nahangensis, H. ngocsonensis, H. pardalis and H. serpispecus by having fewer supralabials (8 or 9 versus> 9); from H. bonkowskii, H. pardalis and H. serpispecus by having fewer dorsal scales contained within one eye diameter (18 versus> 20); from H. dupanglingensis, H. dushanensis, H. huishuiensis, by having more dorsal scales contained within one eye diameter (18 versus <17); from H. bonkowskii, H. hongkongensis, H. houaphanensis, H. huishuiensis, H. kiziriani, H. nahangensis, H. ngocsonensis, H. pardalis, H. serpispecus and H. vanhonensis by different lamellar formula of digits II – V of the fingers (4 - 5 - 5 - 5 versus 3 - 4 - 4 - 4, 3 - (3 or 4) - 4 - 4, (3 or 4) - 4 - 4 - 4, (3 or 4) - 4 - (4 or 5) - 4, 3 - 4 - 4 - 4, 3 - 4 - 5 - 4, 3 - 4 - 4 - 4, 3 - 3 - 3 - 3, 3 - 4 - 4 - 4 and 4 - 4 - 4 - 4, respectively); from H. banaensis, H. bonkowskii, H. dupanglingensis, H. dushanensis, H. hongkongensis, H. houaphanensis, H. huishuiensis, H. kiziriani, H. lungcuensis, H. nahangensis, H. ngocsonensis, H. pardalis, H. serpispecus and H. vanhonensis by different lamellar formula of the toes (5 - 5 - 6 - 5 versus 4 - 5 - 5 - 5, 4 - 5 - 5 - 4, (4 or 5) - (5 or 6) - (5 or 6) - (4 or 5), (4 or 5) - (5 or 6) - (5 or 6) - 5, (3 or 4) - (4 or 5) - (4 or 5) - 4, (3 or 4) - 4 - 4 - 4, 4 - (4 or 5) - (4 or 5) - 4, 4 - (4 or 5) - (4 or 5) - 4, 4 - 5 - 5 - 5, 4 - 5 - 5 - 5, 4 - 5 - 5 - 4, 4 - 4 - 4 - 4, 3 - 4 - 4 - 5 and 4 - 5 - 5 - 5, respectively); and from H. banaensis, H. bonkowskii, H. huishuiensis, H. kiziriani, H. ngocsonensis, H. pardalis, H. serpispecus, H. vanhonensis and H. yanshanensis by having more total femoroprecloacal pores (23 versus <23). In body coloration and pattern, the new species differs from H. banaensis, H. bonkowskii, H. dupanglingensis, H. houaphanensis, H. huishuiensis, H. kiziriani, H. lungcuensis, H. ngocsonensis, H. pardalis, H. serpispecus, H. vanhonensis and H. yanshanensis by the absence of a dark postorbital stripe (versus presence); from H. banaensis, H H. huishuiensis, H. kiziriani, H. nahangensis, H. serpispecus and H. yanshanensis by the absence of dark dorsolateral stripe on trunk (versus present); from H. banaensis, H. dupanglingensis, H. houaphanensis, H. huishuiensis, H. kiziriani, H. vanhonensis and H. yanshanensis by the absence of dark dorsal transverse blotches (versus presence); from H. banaensis, H. dushanensis and H. pardalis by the presence of a postsacral marking bearing light-coloured anteriorly projecting arms (versus absence); from H. bonkowskii, H. dupanglingensis, H. ngocsonensis and H. pardalis by having unpigmented caecum (versus pigmented); and from H. dupanglingensis and H. pardalis by having unpigmented gonads (versus pigmented). In terms of body ratios, the new species differs from H. huishuiensis by having a longer head (HL / SVL); differs from H. bonkowskii and H. yanshanensis by having a smaller head width and head length ratio (HW / HL), differs from H. bonkowskii, H. dushanensis, H. kiziriani and H. yanshanensis by having a shorter snout (SN / HL); differs from H. bonkowskii, H. kiziriani, H. pardalis, H. serpispecus and H. yanshanensis by having a shorter nares-eye length (NE / HL); differs from H. bonkowskii, H. houaphanensis, H. kiziriani, H. ngocsonensis, and H. yanshanensis by having smaller eyes (ED / HL); and differs from H. bonkowskii, H. kiziriani, H. ngocsonensis, H. pardalis and H. yanshanensis by having a wider snout width (SW / HL). On Hainan Island, the new species differs from Hemiphyllodactylus typus by having fewer chin scales (6 versus 9 – 12), more dorsal scales contained within one eye diameter (18 versus 13 – 15), different lamellar formulae on digits II – V of hands and feet (4 - 5 - 5 - 5 and 5 - 5 - 6 - 5 versus 3 - 4 - 4 - 4 and 4 - 5 - 5 - 4), more total femoroprecloacal pores (23 versus 0 – 12), the absence of dark postorbital stripe (versus presence), absence of dark dorsal transverse blotches (versus presence) and unpigmented caecum and gonads (versus pigmented); differs from H. diaoluoshanensis sp. nov. by having fewer chin scales (6 versus 8), more dorsal and ventral scales contained within one eye diameter (18 and 11 versus 11 – 13 and seven or eight), more lamellae on digits II – V of the fingers and toes (4 - 5 - 5 - 5 and 5 - 5 - 6 - 5 versus 3 - 3 - 3 - 3 and 3 - 4 - 4 - 4), more total femoroprecloacal pores (23 versus 15), the absence of dark postorbital stripe and dark dorsal transverse blotches (versus presence) and the presence of postsacral marking bearing light-coloured anteriorly projecting arms (versus absence); and differs from H. jianfenglingensis sp. nov. by having fewer chin scales (6 versus 9 or 10), more dorsal and ventral scales contained within one eye diameter (18 and 11 versus 12 – 14 and 6), more lamellae on digits II – V of the fingers and toes (4 - 5 - 5 - 5 and 5 - 5 - 6 - 5 versus 3 - 3 - 3 - 3 and 3 - 4 - 4 - 4), more total femoroprecloacal pores (23 versus 21), the absence of dark postorbital stripe and dark dorsal transverse blotches (versus presence) and the presence of postsacral marking bearing light-coloured anteriorly projecting arms (versus absence).	en	Wang, Hao-Tian, Yu, Feng-Bin, Zheng, Pu-Yang, Zhang, Hao-Yu, Qi, Xu-Ming, Jiang, Zhao-Xuan, Li, Mao-Liang, Qi, Shuo, Song, Han-Ming, Yang, Hao-Cong, Huang, Ming-Hong, Li, Guo-Yi, Wang, Wei, Wang, Shi-Li, Mo, Yan-Ni, Xie, Feng, Li, Pi-Peng, Wang, Ying- Yong (2025): Descriptions of three new species of Hemiphyllodactylus Bleeker, 1860 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Hainan Island, China. Zootaxa 5633 (2): 201-243, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5633.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5633.2.1
03BA8782616C8B2EFF7BF9E6FA708F23.taxon	description	Figures 8 – 10, Table 6.	en	Wang, Hao-Tian, Yu, Feng-Bin, Zheng, Pu-Yang, Zhang, Hao-Yu, Qi, Xu-Ming, Jiang, Zhao-Xuan, Li, Mao-Liang, Qi, Shuo, Song, Han-Ming, Yang, Hao-Cong, Huang, Ming-Hong, Li, Guo-Yi, Wang, Wei, Wang, Shi-Li, Mo, Yan-Ni, Xie, Feng, Li, Pi-Peng, Wang, Ying- Yong (2025): Descriptions of three new species of Hemiphyllodactylus Bleeker, 1860 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Hainan Island, China. Zootaxa 5633 (2): 201-243, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5633.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5633.2.1
03BA8782616C8B2EFF7BF9E6FA708F23.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. BMNH 1946.8.30.83, an adult female, collected from Agam, Sumatra, Indonesia. Specimens examined. A juvenile and six adult female specimens. Female SYS r 002677 collected from Linchunling Park (18.2636 ° N, 109.5209 ° E; 100 m a. s. l.), Sanya City, Hainan Province, China on 20 July 2022 by Hao-Tian Wang, Shuo Qi, Yong-Heng Zhu and Pi-Peng Li; female SYS r 002678 – 2679 collected from the same locality on 19 July 2022 by Zhao-Xuan Jiang; juvenile SYS r 002810 collected from Mt. Aopenling (18.8097 ° N, 110.1989 ° E; 100 m a. s. l.), Wanning City, Hainan Province, China on April 2021 by Ming-Hong Huang, and only used in molecular analyses; female SYS r 002860 – 2861 collected from Mt. Diaoluo (18.7014 ° N, 109.8367 ° E; 530 m a. s. l.), Lingshui Li Autonomous County, Hainan Province, China on 19 April 2024 by Hao-Yu Zhang; female CIB DLS 20220701005 collected from Mt. Diaoluo (18.6959 ° N, 109.8811 ° E; 670 m a. s. l.), Lingshui Li Autonomous County, Hainan Province, China on 01 July 2022 by Pu-Yang Zheng.	en	Wang, Hao-Tian, Yu, Feng-Bin, Zheng, Pu-Yang, Zhang, Hao-Yu, Qi, Xu-Ming, Jiang, Zhao-Xuan, Li, Mao-Liang, Qi, Shuo, Song, Han-Ming, Yang, Hao-Cong, Huang, Ming-Hong, Li, Guo-Yi, Wang, Wei, Wang, Shi-Li, Mo, Yan-Ni, Xie, Feng, Li, Pi-Peng, Wang, Ying- Yong (2025): Descriptions of three new species of Hemiphyllodactylus Bleeker, 1860 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Hainan Island, China. Zootaxa 5633 (2): 201-243, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5633.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5633.2.1
03BA8782616C8B2EFF7BF9E6FA708F23.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Bleeker (1860) offered no explanation of his selection of the name typus. Zug (2010) assumed that Bleeker chose typus because this species represented the type species for his new genus Hemiphyllodactylus.	en	Wang, Hao-Tian, Yu, Feng-Bin, Zheng, Pu-Yang, Zhang, Hao-Yu, Qi, Xu-Ming, Jiang, Zhao-Xuan, Li, Mao-Liang, Qi, Shuo, Song, Han-Ming, Yang, Hao-Cong, Huang, Ming-Hong, Li, Guo-Yi, Wang, Wei, Wang, Shi-Li, Mo, Yan-Ni, Xie, Feng, Li, Pi-Peng, Wang, Ying- Yong (2025): Descriptions of three new species of Hemiphyllodactylus Bleeker, 1860 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Hainan Island, China. Zootaxa 5633 (2): 201-243, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5633.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5633.2.1
03BA8782616C8B2EFF7BF9E6FA708F23.taxon	vernacular_names	Common names. Indo-pacific Slender Gecko in English; 半叶D Ẽ (bàn yѐ zhǐ hǔ) in Chinese.	en	Wang, Hao-Tian, Yu, Feng-Bin, Zheng, Pu-Yang, Zhang, Hao-Yu, Qi, Xu-Ming, Jiang, Zhao-Xuan, Li, Mao-Liang, Qi, Shuo, Song, Han-Ming, Yang, Hao-Cong, Huang, Ming-Hong, Li, Guo-Yi, Wang, Wei, Wang, Shi-Li, Mo, Yan-Ni, Xie, Feng, Li, Pi-Peng, Wang, Ying- Yong (2025): Descriptions of three new species of Hemiphyllodactylus Bleeker, 1860 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Hainan Island, China. Zootaxa 5633 (2): 201-243, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5633.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5633.2.1
03BA8782616C8B2EFF7BF9E6FA708F23.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. All-female taxon; pigmented caecum and gonadal ducts; if present (uncommonly), femoral pore series separate from precloacal pore series; chin scales bordering mental and first infralabial not greatly enlarged; lamellae formulae of digits II – V 3 - 4 - 4 - 4 (hands) and 4 - 4 - 5 - 4 (feet); average adult SVL ~ 38 mm; series of white spots dorsolaterally on trunk and bright postsacral bar of white and dark brown (Zug 2010).	en	Wang, Hao-Tian, Yu, Feng-Bin, Zheng, Pu-Yang, Zhang, Hao-Yu, Qi, Xu-Ming, Jiang, Zhao-Xuan, Li, Mao-Liang, Qi, Shuo, Song, Han-Ming, Yang, Hao-Cong, Huang, Ming-Hong, Li, Guo-Yi, Wang, Wei, Wang, Shi-Li, Mo, Yan-Ni, Xie, Feng, Li, Pi-Peng, Wang, Ying- Yong (2025): Descriptions of three new species of Hemiphyllodactylus Bleeker, 1860 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Hainan Island, China. Zootaxa 5633 (2): 201-243, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5633.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5633.2.1
03BA8782616C8B2EFF7BF9E6FA708F23.taxon	description	Description of the six adult specimens from Hainan. All females, SVL 29.6 – 37.8 mm; head triangular in dorsal view, moderate size (HL / SVL 0.20 – 0.25), length longer than width (HW / HL 0.60 – 0.82), depressed, distinct from neck; snout rounded anteriorly, moderate in length (SN / HL 0.39 – 0.49); lores concave; prefrontal region weakly convex; rostral regular rectangular, wider than mental, bordered posteriorly by first large supranasals; external nares oval, surrounded by rostral, first supralabial, supranasal and one or two postnasals posteriorly (four or five circumnasals collectively); two or three intersupranasals; eye large (ED / HL 0.19 – 0.24), pupil vertical, margins crenulated; ear opening elliptical, obliquely orientated; 10 – 12 square supralabials tapering to below posterior margin of orbit; 9 – 11 square infralabials tapering to below posterior margin of orbit; scales of rostrum and lores, raised; scales on top of head and occiput small, granular; superciliaries raised, rectangular; mental triangular, bordered laterally by first infralabials and posteriorly by two slightly enlarged postmentals; 9 – 12 chin scales contacting the medial edge of the infralabials and mental from the juncture of the second and third infralabials on both sides; gular scales triangular, small, granular. Body slender, elongate (AG / SVL 0.51 – 0.61), dorsoventrally compressed; dorsals smooth, round or oval, granular and juxtaposed, 13 – 15 scales contained within one eye diameter; ventrals distinctly larger than dorsal scales, flat, imbricate and largest in middle of belly, 8 – 10 scales contained within one eye diameter; precloacal scales non-enlarged; most specimens with no pore-bearing femoral or precloacal scales, only SYS r 002861 has 12 continuous pore-bearing femoral and precloacal scales. Fore- and hind-limbs short, dorsal surface covered with smooth, granular scales and slightly larger, flat, subimbricate scales on ventral surface; all digits except digit I well-developed, clawed and robustly dilated distally; digit I vestigial, clawless with transversely expanded lamellae, four or five on first fingers and five or six on first toes; claws on digits II – V well developed, unsheathed; subdigital lamellae of digits II – V divided, angular and Ushaped; lamellae proximal to these transversely expanded, undivided; distal subdigital lamellar formula 3 - 4 - 4 - 4 (fingers II – V) and 4 - 5 - 5 - 4 (toes II – V); relative length fingers and toes I <II <III ≈ V <IV. Tail slightly swollen at base, oval in section; caudal scales not in whorls; dorsal caudal scales larger than dorsal body scales, flat, subcycloid, subimbricate; subcaudals slightly larger than dorsal caudals, not plate-like; one or two cloacal spurs on each side. Other raw mensural data and ratios are shown in Table 6. Coloration in life. The following description was made when the specimens were photographed the morning after capture, approximately 12 hours after the time of collection. Ground color of top of head, body, and limbs dusky tan to reddish brown; a distinct dark-colored loreal and postorbital stripe extending to at least base of neck; a trident-like marking on the occipital region; pupil black; iris yellowish brown with dark brown irresular thin veins; series of brightly pink to orange spots on the trunk, dorsal head and limbs, often darkly edged; series of dark spots interspersed with these on the trunk; light brownish postsacral marking variably bearing anteriorly projecting arms; ventral surface of head, body and limbs pale white; and caecum and gonads pigmented; the coloration of tail dorsum distinct from the body, yellowish beige in general with some lighter brown bands not encircling tail; median subcaudal region bright orange. Coloration in alcohol. In preservative, dorsal ground color of head, body, and limbs become darker; ventral surface grayish white; all light-colored spots and bands on the top of head, body, limbs and subcaudal faded to grayish white; dark spots on dorsal surface blurred. Variation. Measurements and scale counts of seven individuals are shown in Table 6. The newly collected adult specimens generally resemble other populations in appearance but display some distinct morphological differences, i. e. a series of bright pink or orange spots along the trunk, head dorsum, and limbs (versus white spots).	en	Wang, Hao-Tian, Yu, Feng-Bin, Zheng, Pu-Yang, Zhang, Hao-Yu, Qi, Xu-Ming, Jiang, Zhao-Xuan, Li, Mao-Liang, Qi, Shuo, Song, Han-Ming, Yang, Hao-Cong, Huang, Ming-Hong, Li, Guo-Yi, Wang, Wei, Wang, Shi-Li, Mo, Yan-Ni, Xie, Feng, Li, Pi-Peng, Wang, Ying- Yong (2025): Descriptions of three new species of Hemiphyllodactylus Bleeker, 1860 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Hainan Island, China. Zootaxa 5633 (2): 201-243, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5633.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5633.2.1
03BA8782616C8B2EFF7BF9E6FA708F23.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Two specimens of Hemiphyllodactylus typus (MVZ 42817 – 42818), collected from Hainan Island in March 1946 by S. F. Cook Jr, are housed at the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, USA. Unfortunately, the label lacks specific locality information (Figure 11). We also have viewed several online photos (iNaturalist, https: // www. inaturalist. org /) taken from Mt. Jianfengling and Mt. Qixianling, and the dorsal patterns indicate that these individuals might belong to H. typus. However, for the sake of greater accuracy, it remains uncertain whether this species occurs in these localities of Hainan until additional vouchers are obtained.	en	Wang, Hao-Tian, Yu, Feng-Bin, Zheng, Pu-Yang, Zhang, Hao-Yu, Qi, Xu-Ming, Jiang, Zhao-Xuan, Li, Mao-Liang, Qi, Shuo, Song, Han-Ming, Yang, Hao-Cong, Huang, Ming-Hong, Li, Guo-Yi, Wang, Wei, Wang, Shi-Li, Mo, Yan-Ni, Xie, Feng, Li, Pi-Peng, Wang, Ying- Yong (2025): Descriptions of three new species of Hemiphyllodactylus Bleeker, 1860 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Hainan Island, China. Zootaxa 5633 (2): 201-243, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5633.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5633.2.1
