taxonID	type	description	language	source
03B88793FFEEF03918151F2C4264FB1D.taxon	description	Beilschmiedia atra differs from B. madang in having smaller leaves (blades 8.5 – 10 by 3 – 5.5 cm vs 13 – 22 by 4.6 – 12 cm), with a cuneate vs usually rounded base. The petiole is generally shorter (9 – 15 mm vs 9.5 – 30 mm) and bracteoles are on averaged much shorter per specimen (0.7 – 1.7 mm long vs 0.6 – 7 mm long). — Type: Corner SFN 29423 (holotype K [K 001098083]; isotypes K [K 001098082], SING 2 sheets), Peninsular Malaysia, Johor, Mawai-Jemaluang Road. Trees. Twigs slender, 2.3 – 3 mm diam, round in cross-section, velutinous when young, some glabrescent, smooth; terminal leaf buds lanceolate, 3 – 4 mm long, velutinous; hairs short, curly, erect to appressed, reddish brown. Leaves alternate, blades elliptic to lanceolate, 8.5 – 10 by 3 – 5.5 cm, leathery; apex acute to acuminate, often with a distinct tip; base cuneate, often asymmetric; margins recurved; secondary veins 6 – 7 pairs, tertiary veins reticulate; upper surface glabrous, drying dark brown, midrib sunken, glabrous, secondary veins sunken, tertiary veins inconspicuous; lower surface sparsely hairy, midrib raised, velutinous, secondary veins raised, tertiary veins distinct. Petiole 9 – 15 mm long, slender, half terete, velutinous when young, sometimes glabrescent. Inflorescence 23 – 50 mm long, densely hairy, not enclosed at base by bracts; bracteoles lanceolate, 0.7 – 1.7 mm long, apex acute, persistent. Flowers: perianth tube not distinct; perianth lobes elliptic to orbicular, 1.3 – 1.6 by 0.8 – 1.5 mm, sparsely to densely hairy, margin not ciliate, apices acute. Stamens 9, 1 – 1.2 mm long, filaments slightly longer than anthers, not exceeding the perianth lobes; anthers glabrous, obtuse at apex. Ovary c. 1.5 mm diam, glabrous; style c. 0.5 mm long. Fruit unknown. Distribution — Endemic to Johor and Pahang (Peninsular Malaysia). Ecology — Growing at low altitudes, sometimes in swamps. IUCN Conservation Assessment — This species has been collected only four times, all between 1901 and 1936, at low altitude in Johor and Pahang States. An analysis of the EOO gives a conservation assessment of Vulnerable, but an analysis of the AOO gives the assessment of Endangered. Given the intensive logging and landscape modification that has occurred since 1936, the time that has elapsed since the last collection was made and the fact that it is only recorded from the lowlands, this species must be considered extinct. Phenology — Flowering: March to May (October); fruiting: times unknown. Notes — This species has not been described before nor its name validly published. Kostermans named specimens in various herbaria as Beilschmiedia atra, from at least 1962 on- wards. However, I could find no publication where he officially described this species, illustrating a common phenomenon with this author. The name has also been used by some other botanists and occurs in various databases. I therefore validate this name here. This species is morphologically similar to the Bornean endemic B. murutensis Kosterm., but the later has ovoid terminal leaf buds and shorter leaves. It also seems to be similar to B. brachystachys Kosterm., which differs in having terminal leaf buds which are narrowly ovoid with long erect hairs and leaves that are pubescent along the midrib on the upper surface (see Nishida 2008).	en	de kok, R. P. J. (2016): A revision of Beilschmiedia (Lauraceae) of Peninsular Malaysia. Blumea 61 (2): 147-164, DOI: 10.3767/000651916X693004, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651916x693004
03B88793FFE8F0391B5A1CEB47C5FB66.taxon	distribution	Distribution — Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo and Sumatra. Ecology — Lowland to mountain forest, sometimes on sandy, loamy soil, at 20 – 1100 m altitude. IUCN Conservation Assessment — Least Concern. Phenology — Flowering and fruiting all year round. Note — This is one of the few Beilschmiedia species that only has six stamens, a character that it shares with some collections of the Peninsular Malaysian species B. glauca and the two Borneo endemics B. crassa Sach. Nishida and B. kinabaluensis Kosterm. (Nishida 2008).	en	de kok, R. P. J. (2016): A revision of Beilschmiedia (Lauraceae) of Peninsular Malaysia. Blumea 61 (2): 147-164, DOI: 10.3767/000651916X693004, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651916x693004
03B88793FFE8F03B18151CCC41CBFBA0.taxon	description	Trees 6 – 35 m tall, dbh 12 – 30 cm; bark grey to (dark or red) brown, smooth to finely cracked; inner bark creamy to brownish, smelling slightly sour or nasty; sapwood hard, fawn to white. Twigs slender, 2 – 3 mm diam, glabrous, smooth; terminal leaf buds ovoid to lanceolate, 5 – 15 mm long, glabrous. Leaves (sub) opposite, blades elliptic to obovate or lanceolate, 5.3 – 19 (– 26) by 2.3 – 9.3 cm, leathery; apex acute with a distinct tip; base cuneate, slightly asymmetric; margins usually flat; secondary veins 6 – 10 pairs, tertiary veins reticulate; upper surface glabrous, drying light yellowish brown, midrib raised, glabrous, secondary veins raised, tertiary veins distinct; lower surface glabrous, midrib raised, secondary veins raised, tertiary veins distinct. Petiole 8.5 – 20 mm long, channelled, glabrous. Inflorescence 6 – 40 mm long, sparsely hairy, bracts at base orbicular, 2.3 – 3.3 mm long, glabrous, with margins entire; bracteoles 2.8 – 4 mm long, caducous. Flowers yellowish or pale green; perianth tube absent; perianth lobes 6, 2.5 – 3.5 by 1.1 – 1.5 mm, inside pubescent, outside sparsely hairy, apices acute. Stamens 9, 2.3 – 3.7 mm long, pubescent, filaments longer than anthers; anthers truncate at apex, glabrous, dark yellow. Ovary c. 0.7 mm diam, glabrous; style c. 1.5 mm long. Fruit (dried) ellipsoid, 15 – 88 by 8 – 39 mm, apex rounded to beaked, base slightly narrowed, surface smooth to warty, pale brown or pinkish. Stalk when mature swollen to 10 mm diam, not constricted at the apex. Distribution — Rare in Peninsular Malaysia, widespread in Borneo (Nishida 2008: 356). Ecology — Lowland and hill forest, including swamps, sometimes over sandstone or limestone, at (300 –) 600 – 900 (– 1300) m altitude. IUCN Conservation Assessment — Least Concern. Phenology — Flowering: July to November; fruiting: March to November. Notes — Since at least 1971, Kostermans named specimens of this species from Peninsular Malaysia housed in various herbaria as ‘ Beilschmiedia johorensis ’. However, I could find no publication where he officially described this species. Kochummen (1989: 144) placed one specimen of this taxon in Endiandra, as his undescribed species number 2. This is one of the few species of Beilschmiedia that is relatively easy to recognise, by its combination of (sub) opposite, glabrous leaves that often dry yellowish brown, glabrous terminal leaf buds and round bracts at the base of the inflorescence.	en	de kok, R. P. J. (2016): A revision of Beilschmiedia (Lauraceae) of Peninsular Malaysia. Blumea 61 (2): 147-164, DOI: 10.3767/000651916X693004, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651916x693004
03B88793FFEAF03B1B5A1C0E467BFD2B.taxon	description	Local name — Selepak (Sakai language). Distribution — South China to Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo, also reported from North Sumatra (Nishida 2008: 357). Ecology — Lowlands and montane forest, sometimes over sandstone, from 360 – 1375 m altitude. IUCN Conservation Assessment — Least Concern. Phenology — Flowering: March to September; fruiting: July to September. Notes — The name Beilschmiedia endiandrifolia was proposed by Kostermans (1957 b) to reflect the fact that the venation pattern is very similar to that seen in the genus Endiandra, since both have areolate reticulations. However, Kostermans’s name was never validly published although it does occur in the literature. The Malaysian material of this species belongs to the type variety, Beilschmiedia glauca var. glauca, as the axillary inflorescence is glabrous (see Li et al. 2008 a: 240).	en	de kok, R. P. J. (2016): A revision of Beilschmiedia (Lauraceae) of Peninsular Malaysia. Blumea 61 (2): 147-164, DOI: 10.3767/000651916X693004, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651916x693004
03B88793FFEAF03518151A824194FCA1.taxon	distribution	Distribution — Endemic to Peninsular Malaysia. Ecology — Primary and secondary forest from lowlands to mountains, at 30 – 350 (– 1860) m altitude. IUCN Conservation Assessment — Endangered (EN B 2 ab (ii, iii )). This species is known from 12 collections which were made between 1886 and 2009, and is reported to be scattered through the forests of various states (Kochummen 1989: 119). An analysis of the EOO gives a conservation assessment of Near Threatened, but an analysis of the AOO gives the assessment of Endangered. Given the small AOO and the intensive logging and landscape modification that has occurred in the last 50 years, it must be considered to be Endangered. Phenology — Flowering: February to April; fruiting: August and September. Note — In the original description, two collections were mentioned: Perak, Sept. 1886, King’s Collector 6615 (BM, K, SING) and Perak, Taiping, Feb. 1886, King’s Collector 8479 (K 2 sheets). The first collection has mature fruits, while the later one has mature flowers. As bracteoles are important in this genus, and they are more likely to be present in flowering specimens than fruiting, the later collection is chosen here as the lectotype.	en	de kok, R. P. J. (2016): A revision of Beilschmiedia (Lauraceae) of Peninsular Malaysia. Blumea 61 (2): 147-164, DOI: 10.3767/000651916X693004, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651916x693004
03B88793FFE4F0351B5A1B0F465EFE06.taxon	description	Small trees 12 – 15 m tall, dbh 15 – 45 cm; bark (grey-) brown, smooth to fissured; inner bark pink; sapwood whitish. Twigs slender, 0.2 – 0.9 mm diam, glabrous to sparsely hairy, slightly angled, pale brown; terminal leaf buds linear, 1.2 – 1.8 mm long, swollen at the base, glabrous to sparsely hairy; hairs short, curly, erect to appressed, dark brown. Leaves spirally arranged to rarely opposite, blades elliptic to narrowly obovate, 8 – 18.5 by 3 – 6.5 cm, sometimes thickly leathery; apex acute, often with a distinct point; base cuneate, often asymmetric; secondary veins 6 – 9 pairs, curving and joining near margins; tertiary veins reticulate; upper surface glabrous, midrib raised to sunken, secondary veins raised, tertiary veins prominent; lower surface glabrous, midrib raised, secondary veins raised, tertiary veins prominent. Petiole 11 – 25 mm long, channelled, glabrous. Inflorescence 100 – 200 mm long, glabrous to sparsely hairy, not enclosed at base by bracts; bracteoles unknown. Flowers unknown. Fruit (dried) obovoid, 20 – 37 by 10 – 23 mm, apex rounded, base rounded, surface glabrous, smooth, purplish to black when mature. Stalk when mature swollen to 4.3 mm diam, not constricted at apex. Distribution — Endemic to Peninsular Malaysia. Ecology — Growing scattered in montane forest and along road sides at 750 – 1500 m altitude. IUCN Conservation Assessment — Critically Endangered (CR B 2 ab (ii, iii )). This species is only known from three collections that were made between late 1972 and 1982, from parts of Peninsular Malaysia that have seen many modifications of the landscape over the last 20 years. An analysis of the EOO and AOO both gives the assessment of Critically Endangered. Therefore it is listed as Critically Endangered here. Phenology — Flowering time unknown; fruiting between August and January. Notes — This species was first mentioned in print by Kochummen (1989: 123), as Beilschmiedia sp. ‘ A’, based on the specimens: FRI 16580, 16612, 16641 and 29384. The specimen FRI 16612 is placed in B. roxburghiana in this revision, as it differs from B. kochummenii in having velutinous terminal leaf buds without a swelling at their base. In recognition of his discovery of this species and of his many other contributions to the Flora of Peninsular Malaysia, I name this species after K. M. Kochummen (1931 – 1999).	en	de kok, R. P. J. (2016): A revision of Beilschmiedia (Lauraceae) of Peninsular Malaysia. Blumea 61 (2): 147-164, DOI: 10.3767/000651916X693004, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651916x693004
03B88793FFE4F034181519EC4209FC9B.taxon	description	mm, apex acute to blunt, base attenuate, surface smooth to ribbed, red to brown when mature, shiny. Stalk when mature (slightly) swollen to 5 mm diam, bright red, with a constriction at the apex. Distribution — Peninsular Thailand to Borneo, and reported from Sumatra by Nishida (2008: 362). Ecology — Growing in primary and secondary forests, sometimes in swamp-forest or along streams, from 10 – 800 (– 1300) m altitude. IUCN Conservation Assessment — Least Concern. Phenology — Flowering: February to August; fruiting: March to September. Notes — The original description mentioned two collections: Perak, near Larut, 1884, King’s Collector 6854 (K) and Singapore, Bukit Timah, Bayliss 5885. As I could not find the second collection, I have chosen the first as the lectotype. This species is usually easily recognisable due to its big, glabrous leaves and stout twigs. However, the variation in twig thickness can be considerable even within one collection, and some specimens have slender twigs which then resemble B. maingayi, from which B. kunstleri differs in having a different leaf shape, texture and apex.	en	de kok, R. P. J. (2016): A revision of Beilschmiedia (Lauraceae) of Peninsular Malaysia. Blumea 61 (2): 147-164, DOI: 10.3767/000651916X693004, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651916x693004
03B88793FFE5F0371B5A1B5242A9FE43.taxon	description	Beilschmiedia gammieana King ex Hook. f. (1886) 124; Tetsana (2005) 33, f. 11, 12. — Syntypes: Hooker & Thomson 241 (K 2 sheets [K 000768653, K 000768654]), East Nepal, north slope of Phulloot; King 3063 (K [K 000 - 768652]), [India], Sikkim, Phămlĕt Pōt, syn. nov. Beilschmiedia praecox Koord. & Valeton (1904) 195; Kosterm. (1964) 145. — Type: Herb. Koorders s. n. (BO, L), [Indonesia], East Java.	en	de kok, R. P. J. (2016): A revision of Beilschmiedia (Lauraceae) of Peninsular Malaysia. Blumea 61 (2): 147-164, DOI: 10.3767/000651916X693004, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651916x693004
03B88793FFE5F0371B5A1B5242A9FE43.taxon	description	Trees 5 – 27 m tall, dbh 5 – 70 cm; bark greenish or grey to brown, smooth or scaly; inner bark pink to reddish; wood white, strongly aromatic. Twigs slender, 1.3 – 2 mm diam, round or slightly angled in cross-section, smooth, glabrous; terminal leaf buds ovoid to lanceolate, 5 – 10 mm long, glabrous. Leaves (sub) opposite, blades elliptic, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 8 – 16 by 2.7 – 8 cm, thinly leathery, shiny; apex acute; base cuneate; margins straight; secondary veins 6 – 11 pairs, curving and joining near margins, tertiary veins reticulate; upper surface glabrous, midrib raised, secondary veins raised, tertiary veins distinct; lower surface glabrous, midrib raised, secondary veins raised, tertiary veins distinct. Petiole 8 – 30 mm long, channelled, glabrous. Inflorescence 25 – 80 mm long, not enclosed at base with bracts, glabrous; bracteoles linear, c. 1.4 mm long, caducous. Flowers white to pale green, glabrous on the outside; perianth tube c. 1 mm long; perianth lobes ovate-elliptic, 1.7 – 3.5 by 1 – 1.2 mm, apices rounded to acute. Stamens 9, 1.2 – 2 mm long. Ovary 0.6 – 2.3 mm diam, glabrous; style 0.7 – 2.3 mm long. Fruit (dried) globose to obovoid, 20 – 40 by 14 – 55 mm, apex rounded, base tapering, surface striate, glabrous, glaucous, purplish black when mature. Stalk when mature swollen to 3 mm diam, dark brown to reddish, constricted at apex. Local names — Peninsular Malaysia: Lidak Sapi or Selabu. Distribution — Nepal, Bhutan, India (Sikkim), Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia (Kalimantan, Sumatra, Java, Bali) and the Philippines. Ecology — Primary and secondary forests, often in season- ally wet areas, sometimes over sandstone, limestone or on poor sandy soils, from 0 – 1400 (– 2150) m altitude. IUCN Conservation Assessment — Least Concern. Phenology — Flowering: August to February; fruiting: March to October. Note — Some specimens from lowland areas in parts of India, including West Bengal, Assam and Tamil Nadu, which used to be put under the name Beilschmiedia gammieana, belong, in my view, to a different species, as they have alternate leaves and a very different inflorescence.	en	de kok, R. P. J. (2016): A revision of Beilschmiedia (Lauraceae) of Peninsular Malaysia. Blumea 61 (2): 147-164, DOI: 10.3767/000651916X693004, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651916x693004
03B88793FFE6F0371B5A1A1446D5FB31.taxon	distribution	Distribution — Endemic to Peninsular Malaysia. Ecology — Growing in lowland and hill forests, sometimes on sandstone or near streams, at 150 – 200 m altitude. IUCN Conservation Assessment — Endangered (EN B 2 ab (ii, iii )). This species is recorded as uncommon (Kochummen 1989: 120) and is only known from six collections which were made between 1899 and 1967. The part of Peninsular Malaysia where this species occurs has seen many modifications of the landscape over the last 30 years. An analysis of the EOO and the AOO both gives the assessment of Endangered. Therefore, it is listed as Endangered here. Phenology — Flowering: February to August; fruiting: February to July. Notes — Beilschmiedia lumutensis appears to be closely related to the Bornean species B. microcarpa Sach. Nishida, B. gynotrochioides Kosterm. and B. glauciphylla Kosterm. It has in common with these species its opposite, elliptic leaves and its narrow, glabrous terminal leaf buds. The differences between these species are set out in Table 1. The Peninsular Malaysian species seems to be morphologically closest to B. microcarpa as it has flowers and fruits of similar size and shape. However, B. microcarpa is only found in the northern part of Sarawak, Sabah and the eastern part of Kalimantan, while B. gynotrochioides and B. glauciphylla are distributed in the central part of Sarawak (Nishida 2006: 92; 2008: 357, 367). So it seems that B. lumutensis is morphological closest to B. microcarpa, but it is geographically separated from it by B. gynotrochioides and B. glauciphylla. The morphological differences between B. lumutensis and B. microcarpa are small, the principal one being that the leaf is on average broader and its apex is acuminate in B. microcarpa vs narrower with a leaf apex which is rounded to acute in B. lumutensis.	en	de kok, R. P. J. (2016): A revision of Beilschmiedia (Lauraceae) of Peninsular Malaysia. Blumea 61 (2): 147-164, DOI: 10.3767/000651916X693004, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651916x693004
03B88793FFE6F03618151CFF46C7FB9D.taxon	description	Trees 1.2 – 30 m tall, dbh 5 – 40 cm, with short buttresses up to 1.5 m; bark smooth, grey white to (greyish) brown to black; inner bark reddish brown to deep red; sapwood yellow to yellowish brown or cream. Twigs slender to thick (2.5 – 7.5 mm diam), velutinous; hairs falling off in patches, reddish brown; terminal leaf buds lanceolate to ovate, 3 – 6.5 mm long, velutinous, hairs short, curly, erect, dark reddish brown. Leaves alternate to (sub) opposite, blades broadly elliptic to obovate, 8 – 25 by 3 – 12 cm, (thickly) leathery, light to dark green; apex rounded to acute, often with a clear point; base rounded to cuneate, sometimes unequal; margins flat to recurved; secondary veins 7 – 18 pairs, curving and joining near margins; tertiary veins reticulate to scalariform, upper surface glabrous to sparsely hairy at base, midrib sunken to raised, secondary veins sunken to raised, tertiary veins faint to distinct; lower surface glabrous to sparsely hairy, more densely so on veins, hairs reddish brown, midrib raised, secondary veins raised, tertiary veins distinct. Petiole 5 – 30 mm long, slender to slightly swollen, channelled to half terete, velutinous at base, becoming less hairy distally when older, hairs often reddish brown. Inflorescence 20 – 150 mm long, sparsely hairy to velutinous, becoming sparsely hairy more distally, not enclosed at base by bracts; bracteoles triangular to oblong, 0.6 – 7 mm long, persistent. Flowers pale yellow to pale yellowish brown, sparsely hairy to velutinous; perianth tube not distinct; perianth lobes elliptical, 1.2 – 3 by 1.2 – 1.5 mm, apices rounded to acute, margins not ciliate. Stamens 9, 1.1 – 2 mm long. Ovary 0.7 – 1 mm diam, glabrous; style 0.5 – 0.6 mm long. Fruit (dried) ellipsoid, 13 – 25 by 5 – 19 mm, apex rounded to pointed, base rounded to cuneate, surface smooth, glabrous to sparsely hairy (hairs long), shiny, turning dark blue or black when ripe. Stalk when mature, slender to slightly swollen to c. 1.8 mm diam, red when mature, sometimes constricted below apex. Distribution — Malaysia (including Sabah and Sarawak) and Singapore, Indonesia (Kalimantan, Sumatra and Java). Phenology — Flowering and fruiting all year round. Ecology — In primary and secondary lowlands, including swamps, to montane forests, sometimes on sandy or rocky soils, at 30 – 1000 m altitude. IUCN Conservation Assessment — Least Concern. Notes — In Nishida’s (2008) revision of the Bornean species of Beilschmiedia, she mentioned that most specimens of B. madang from Borneo differ from the type from Java in having reddish hairs, coriaceous leaves with an inrolled margin, and coarser venation that is sunken in the upper leaf surface, whereas the type has ochre hairs, chartaceous leaves with a flat margin, and finer venation that is slightly raised on the upper leaf surface (Nishida 2008: 365). In this study, I have seen specimens from Borneo, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra and Java, and I can confirm this general observation. The Peninsular Malaysian specimens closely resemble those from Borneo. A part of the variation that Nishida (2008) described used to be recognised in Peninsular Malaysia as B. perakensis (leaf with inrolled margins and raised veins on the upper surface). However, there is much overlap between these and the other characters mentioned by Nishida (2008) and I agree with her in keeping this complex taxon as one species. The Bornean species B. reticulata Kosterm. has been recorded as occurring in Peninsular Malaysia (Kostermans 1962 a: 158). This rare species is in fact only known with certainty from two specimens with young fruits, both from Sabah, and Nishida (2008: 308) listed it in her revision of the Bornean species among her imperfectly known taxa. The only specimen Kostermans recorded from Peninsular Malaysia (Ridley 15610) can, in my view, be best seen as a less hairy form of B. madang.	en	de kok, R. P. J. (2016): A revision of Beilschmiedia (Lauraceae) of Peninsular Malaysia. Blumea 61 (2): 147-164, DOI: 10.3767/000651916X693004, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651916x693004
03B88793FFE0F0311B5A18944390F7FB.taxon	distribution	Distribution — Malaysia (including Sabah and Sarawak), Indonesia (Kalimantan and Sumatra). Ecology — Growing in lowland to montane forests, sometimes over granite or sandy loam, at 100 – 1200 m altitude. IUCN Conservation Assessment — Least Concern. Phenology — Flowering: June to November; fruiting: April to September. Notes — The difference between this species and B. wallichiana has been discussed by various people. Kochummen (1989: 121) thought that the main difference was that B. maingayi is a big tree with glabrous leaves, while B. wallichiana is a small tree with hairy leaves. Nishida (2008: 365) stated that B. maingayi is distinguished from B. wallichiana by the former having appressed hairs on the terminal leaf buds and by having filaments shorter than the anthers, while the latter has erect to appressed hairs on the terminal leaf bud and filaments that are longer than the anthers. As defined in this present study, B. maingayi can vary from a small to a large tree but given the lack of specimens of B. wallichiana with good field notes, it is very difficult to say anything about its habit. The leaves of B. maingayi are clearly glabrous while those of B. wallichiana are sparsely hairy, in particular along the veins and the leaf margins. Both species can have appressed hairs on the terminal leaf buds. However, I found that main difference between these two species is that B. wallichiana has bracts at the base of the inflorescence whereas B. maingayi does not. This species is morphological closely related to the Indian and northern Thai species B. clarkei Hook. f. They differ by the latter having raised secondary veins on the upper surface, and anthers which are shorter than the filaments. There are two sheets of the type gathering at K. The specimen with the floral dissections in the envelope pinned to the sheet and with the detailed drawings on the sheet is chosen here as the lectotype.	en	de kok, R. P. J. (2016): A revision of Beilschmiedia (Lauraceae) of Peninsular Malaysia. Blumea 61 (2): 147-164, DOI: 10.3767/000651916X693004, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651916x693004
03B88793FFE0F03118151894401BFA23.taxon	description	Local names — Peninsular Malaysia: Medang tandok or Medang tanah. Distribution — Peninsular Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia. Ecology — Growing in evergreen forest, at 100 – 900 m altitude. IUCN Conservation Assessment — Critically Endangered (CR B 2 ab (ii, iii )). This species was collected three times between 1886 and 1929 in parts of Peninsular Thailand and Malaysia that have been much logging and modification of the landscape since that time. An analysis of the EOO and the AOO both gives the assessment of Critically Endangered. Therefore, it is listed as Critically Endangered here. Phenology — Flowering unknown; fruiting: July to September. Notes — There are two sheets of the type gathering of this species at K. The specimen with the fruit attached to the specimen is chosen here as the lectotype. This species is morphological closely related to B. glabra and B. wallichiana. The difference between them are set out in Table 2.	en	de kok, R. P. J. (2016): A revision of Beilschmiedia (Lauraceae) of Peninsular Malaysia. Blumea 61 (2): 147-164, DOI: 10.3767/000651916X693004, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651916x693004
03B88793FFE0F03018151F3542BCFA8E.taxon	description	Trees 10 – 30 m tall, dbh 5 – 30 cm; bark grey to brown or red-brown, smooth or flaking into irregular small flakes; inner bark red to yellow brown; sapwood (pale) yellow or cream. Twigs slender, 2.2 – 3 mm diam, brownish, velutinous; terminal leaf buds lanceolate, 5 – 9 mm long, velutinous; hairs short, straight, appressed, light brown. Leaves alternate to subopposite, blades elliptic to lanceolate, (6.5 –) 9 – 31 by (2 –) 3 – 13 cm, leathery, bright to dark green; apex blunt or acuminate; base cuneate; margins flat to recurved; secondary veins 9 – 13 pairs, curving and join near margins; tertiary veins reticulate to scalariform; upper surface glabrous, shiny, (dark) green when fresh, midrib sunken and velutinous, secondary veins sunken, tertiary veins distinct; lower surface sparsely to slightly hairy, pale green when fresh, drying brownish, midrib raised, densely hairy, secondary veins raised, tertiary veins distinct. Petiole 9 – 25 mm long, channelled to half terete, slender to swollen, sparsely hairy to velutinous. Inflorescence 35 – 160 mm long, not enclosed at base by bracts, velutinous, red; bracteoles linear, 0.5 – 5 mm long. Flowers hairy, green, cream or white to deep yellow; perianth tube c. 1 mm long, densely hairy; perianth lobes elliptic, 1.5 – 2 by 0.9 – 1.3 mm, apices rounded to acute, densely hairy. Stamens 9, 0.7 – 1.7 mm long, anthers about as long as filaments, yellow. Ovary c. 1 mm diam, glabrous; style c. 1 mm long. Fruit (dried) (sub) globose, 7 – 21 by 4.7 – 20 mm, apex rounded to pointed, base rounded, surface smooth, glabrous, brownish red to red, maturing black. Stalk when mature slightly swollen to 2.5 mm, 3 – 5.4 mm long, not constricted below apex. Local names — Kayu Mengkuching (Tesuan language). Distribution — Peninsular Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia, Indonesia: Sumatra. Ecology — Primary and secondary lowland to montane forest, often near streams or in peat swamps, often on clay soils, at 0 – 1400 m altitude. IUCN Conservation Assessment — Least Concern. Phenology — Flowering: (September) December to July; fruiting: November to April. Note — This species is morphologically very similar to Beilschmiedia atra, B. madang and B. scortechinii. The differences between them are given in Table 3.	en	de kok, R. P. J. (2016): A revision of Beilschmiedia (Lauraceae) of Peninsular Malaysia. Blumea 61 (2): 147-164, DOI: 10.3767/000651916X693004, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651916x693004
03B88793FFE1F0331B5A1D644116FA16.taxon	description	Local names — Peninsular Malaysia: Mědang ayer or Metiup. Distribution — Peninsular Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia. Ecology — Growing in lowland or hill forests, often near streams or along forest edges, sometimes over sandstone, at 100 – 700 m altitude. IUCN Conservation Assessment — Endangered (EN B 2 ab (ii, iii )). In Peninsular Malaysia, this species is only known from eight specimens, all collected between 1886 and 1971, though in Peninsular Thailand it has been collected more recently (five specimens between 1984 and 2005). The areas in Peninsular Malaysia have gone through a major period of logging since the collections were made there. An analysis of the EOO gives a conservation assessment of Least Concern, but an analysis of the AOO gives the assessment of Endangered. Given the amount of landscape modification in the region, it is listed here as Endangered. Phenology — Flowering: October to May; fruiting: January to July. Notes — The bracts at the base of the inflorescence are rather peculiar within the genus and are known only from a few other species (see also discussion under B. membranacea). When he first described this taxon, Ridley (1924: 86) thought that it might be closely related to B. tonkinensis (Lecomte) Ridl. (= Beilschmiedia roxburghiana), but see Table 1 for differences. According to Tetsana (2005: 73), B. penangiana differs from B. brevipes by the latter having glabrous, papery bracteoles. However, after studying the type material of B. brevipes at Kew, it was clear that the abundance of hairs on the bracteoles is more variable then she thought. This species is morphologically very similar to B. gemmiflora from Borneo, Sumatra and New Guinea. However, it differs from the latter by having terminal leaf buds which are ovoid in shape, leaves that are generally broader (3.5 – 8 cm wide), and mature fruit that are much bigger (c. 30 by 17 mm) (see Nishida 2008: 355). Kochummen (1989: 122) thought that the white twigs and blackish leaves when dried of this species were an indication that it might be better placed in Dehaasia than in Beilschmiedia. However, no known species of Dehaasia resembles this plant and in particular the inflorescence structure is very different from that of any known Dehaasia. I therefore agree with Kostermans (1973 a) in retaining this species in Beilschmiedia.	en	de kok, R. P. J. (2016): A revision of Beilschmiedia (Lauraceae) of Peninsular Malaysia. Blumea 61 (2): 147-164, DOI: 10.3767/000651916X693004, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651916x693004
03B88793FFE2F0331B5A1DDD47DBF953.taxon	description	Local names — Medang salah, Medang tandok, Penapoh, Medang punggok, Tampu rengat or Medang teraelak. Distribution — India (Assam and Andaman Islands), Bhutan, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, South China and Peninsular Malaysia. Ecology — Growing in dry evergreen, mixed deciduous and dry dipterocarp forests, often along rivers, sometimes over limestone, at 50 – 975 m altitude. IUCN Conservation Assessment — Least Concern. Phenology — Flowering: January to June; fruiting: February to November. Uses — The bark of this species is boiled, sometimes together with the bark of Vitex pubescens L. (= Vitex pinnata L.) or species of Mangifera or the leaves of a species of Justicia and a Zingerberaceae, and the decoction is drunk for curing stomach-ache or other digestive disorders and after childbirth. In Thailand, the bark is used in a remedy for tuberculosis (Tetsana 2005: 50). The leaves and roots are pounded together and applied over the stomach to cure what is called ‘ bisa hati’, a general digestive complaint in the region of the heart (Burkill 1966). Notes — The name Beilschmiedia roxburghiana was based on the collection Wallich 2605 of which several specimens are available for lectotypification. The specimen Wallich 2605 at K-W is selected here as the lectotype.	en	de kok, R. P. J. (2016): A revision of Beilschmiedia (Lauraceae) of Peninsular Malaysia. Blumea 61 (2): 147-164, DOI: 10.3767/000651916X693004, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651916x693004
03B88793FFE2F03218151F1A40BFFDD7.taxon	distribution	Distribution — Endemic to Peninsular Malaysia: Perak and Terengganu. Ecology — Growing in hill and montane forest, at 1200 – 1375 m altitude. IUCN Conservation Assessment — Endangered (EN B 2 ab (ii, iii )). This species is endemic to the northern part of Peninsular Malaysia and is known from only three collections, two from the 1880 s from Perak and one relatively recent one (1968) from Terengganu. Both areas have gone through a major period of logging and general modification of the landscape since these collections were made. An analysis of the EOO and the AOO both gives an assessment of Endangered. Therefore, it is proposed as Endangered here. Phenology — Flowering: April; fruiting time unknown. Notes — This species was recognised as distinct by Ridley (1924) and Kostermans (1964), but was placed into the synonymy of B. madang by Kochummen (1989: 120). It is superficially similar to B. madang, but differs by having narrower leaves (3 – 12 cm wide in B. madang vs 2.3 – 6.2 cm wide in B. scortechinii) and among the Peninsular Malaysian Beilschmiedia species it has the unique character of a hairy ovary. In the original description, two different Scortechini gatherings were mentioned: Scortechini 483 & 493, both from Perak, at Caulfield’s Hill (Gamble 1910: 148). I could not find any specimens of the later gathering, whereas there are two sheets of the first gathering at K, one at BM and two at P. One of these two K specimens is accompanied by a card with a number of dissected flowers glued to it and with some notes and drawings and a signature by Gamble. This specimen is selected here as the lectotype.	en	de kok, R. P. J. (2016): A revision of Beilschmiedia (Lauraceae) of Peninsular Malaysia. Blumea 61 (2): 147-164, DOI: 10.3767/000651916X693004, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651916x693004
03B88793FFE3F03218151A934652F7F7.taxon	distribution	Distribution — Peninsular Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia. Ecology — Growing in forests, sometimes among rocks or over shale, at 20 – 910 m altitude. IUCN Conservation Assessment — Endangered (EN B 2 ab (ii, iii )). This species is endemic to Peninsular Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia and is known from only five collections, all made between the 1820 s and 1971. The areas where this species was collected have gone through a major period of logging and general modification of the landscape since that time. An analysis of the EOO gives a conservation assessment of Near Threatened, but an analysis of the AOO gives the assessment of Endangered. Given the amount of landscape modification in the region, I consider it here to be Endangered. Phenology — Flowering: January and February; fruiting in September. Note — For a discussion of the differences between this species and B. maingayi, see under that species.	en	de kok, R. P. J. (2016): A revision of Beilschmiedia (Lauraceae) of Peninsular Malaysia. Blumea 61 (2): 147-164, DOI: 10.3767/000651916X693004, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651916x693004
