identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
000CC239FF9AFFA7FF74A54E727E9B73.text	000CC239FF9AFFA7FF74A54E727E9B73.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cladomorphinae Bradley & Galil 1977	<div><p>Cladomorphinae Bradley &amp; Galil, 1977</p><p>Günther (1953: 557) established the subfamily Phibalosominae and included four tribes, namely Cladomorphini, Hesperophasmatini, Cranidiini and Cladoxerini . Bradley &amp; Galil (1977: 186) changed the subfamilar name to Cladomorphinae, consequently re-named Günther’ s Phibalosomini and Haplopodini into Cladomorphini and Hesperophasmatini, and generally took over this authors arrangement of the tribes. Both treated Cladomorphinae (= Phibalosominae) as a subfamily of Phasmatidae . The tribe Cladomorphini includes most of the subfamily’ s continental members and differs from the three other tribes of Cladomorphinae by the medioventral carina of the profemora strongly approaching the anteroventral carina instead of being midways on the ventral surface. Furthermore, it is characteristic for the specializations of the male poculum.</p><p>Presently the following genera are included in Cladomorphini: Cladomorphus Gray, 1835 (= Phibalosoma Gray, 1835), Jeremiodes, gen. nov., Hirtuleius Stål, 1875, Jeremia Redtenbacher, 1908, Otocrania Redtenbacher, 1908, Otocraniella Zompro, 2004 and Xylodus Saussure, 1859 . The here newly described genus is apparently closely related to Jeremia Redtenbacher (see differentiation and table 1 below).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/000CC239FF9AFFA7FF74A54E727E9B73	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hennemann, Frank H.;Conle, Oskar V.	Hennemann, Frank H., Conle, Oskar V. (2007): Studies on Neotropical Phasmatodea IV. Jeremiodes, gen. nov., a new genus of the subfamily Cladomorphinae, and the description of two new species. Spixiana 30 (1): 1-11, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16850906
000CC239FF9AFFA4FED6A6A274B39AAC.text	000CC239FF9AFFA4FED6A6A274B39AAC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Jeremiodes Hennemann & Conle 2007	<div><p>Jeremiodes, gen. nov.</p><p>Type-species: Jeremiodes guianensis, spec. nov., by present designation.</p><p>Bacteria Redtenbacher, 1908: 415 . (in part). – Giglio-Tos, 1910:42.(in part); Brock, 1998:48; Otte &amp; Brock, 2003: 74 ff. (in part); 2005: 61. (in part).</p><p>Description</p><p>Small to medium sized (body lengths: ♀♀ 104.0- 147.7 mm incl. subgenital plate, ♂♂ 60.0- 79.4 mm), moderately elongate and slender Cladomorphini . Ocelli lacking in ♀♀, reduced but visible in ♂♂. Body of ♀♀ slightly oval in cross-section, cylindrical in ♂♂. ♀♀ apterous, ♂♂ with fully developed alae (24.2- 39.4 mm) and scale-like tegmina. Complete surface of thorax densely granulose in ♀♀; more minutely and sparingly granulose in ♂♂. Abdomen smooth or very sparingly granulose. Head longer than pronotum, longer than wide, oval; vertex either flat or very gently rounded, unarmed. Antennae of ♀♀ longer than head, pro- and mesonotum combined, of ♂♂ longer than combined length of head and complete thorax. Scapus rectangular, about 1.5 × longer than wide and dorsoventrally compressed. Mesothorax elongate, at least 2 × longer than head and pronotum combined. Meso-, metasternum and sternites II-VII of ♂♂ with a more or less distinct, longitudinal median carina; simple in ♀♀. Median segment slightly longer (♀♀), or about 3 × longer than metanotum in ♂♂. Tegmina of ♂♂ oval, slightly convex and indistinctly longer than metanotum. Alae at least covering tergites II-IV; anal region transparent. Abdomen longer than head and complete thorax combined. Abdominal segments II-VII of both sexes distinctly longer than wide and parallel-sided. Sternite VII of ♀♀ lacking a praeopercular organ. Tergite IX of ♂♂ strongly elongated, of bone-like appearance and at least 2 × longer than anal segment. Anal segment of ♀♀ with a fine median carina; of ♂♂ strongly broadened towards the posterior, transverse. Cerci of ♀♀ very small, slender and distinctly tapered towards the apex. Cerci of ♂♂ prominent, dorsoventrally flattened, and broadened towards the apex which is obtuse and angled inward. Vomer elongate, roughly triangular and distinctly pointed apically. Poculum of ♂♂ prominent and strongly convex, posterior margin bi-dentate. Gonapophyses of ♀♀ filiform and projecting considerably over the anal segment. Subgenital plate of ♀♀ very elongate, lanceolate, pointed apically and projecting over the anal segment by at least the combined length of tergites VIII-X. Legs very slender, elongate and completely destitute of spines or teeth in ♂♂. In ♀♀ rather short and stout, with all carinae of the femora and tibiae distinct and more or less elevated or undulate. All carinae unarmed (at best minutely granulose) and 1 or 2 sub-apical teeth on the antero- and posterventral carinae of the meso- and metafemora. Profemora triangular in cross-section; medioventral carina very prominent, ledge-like and strongly approaching anteroventral carina. Meso- and metafemora and tibiae trapezoidal in cross-section, medioventral carina distinct. Basitarsi as long as following three tarsomeres (♀♀), or distinctly longer than remaining tarsomeres (♂♂) combined, simple. Dorsal carina of probasitarsus very slightly raised in ♀♀.</p><p>Eggs unknown.</p><p>Differentiatial diagnosis. Characterized amongst Cladomorphini by the densely granulose thorax of ♀♀, and prominent, distinctly hook-like and dorsoventrally flattened cerci of ♂♂.</p><p>Related to Jeremia Redtenbacher, 1908 (Type-species: Jeremia grossedentata Redtenbacher, 1908), but distinguished by: the more slender body; more elongate and less globose head; densely granulose thorax; lack of distinct spines on the meso- and metapleurae and sterna; lack of dorsal lobes on tergite VII; considerably longer, lanceolate subgenital plate and lack of distinct spines on the medioventral carinae of the meso- and metafemora and tibiae. From Hirtuleius Stål, 1875 (Type-species: Hirtuleius laeoiceps Stål, 1875) Jeremiodes gen. nov. differs by: the flat and elongate head; lack of tubercles on the meso- and metanotum; lack of lateral lobes on tergites VI and VII and apically pointed subgenital plate. For a more detailed differentiation between Jeremiodes gen. nov., Jeremia and Hirtuleius see table 1 below. As the males of both Jeremia and Hirtuleius are not known, the distinguishing characters define to females only.</p><p>Etymology. The generic name “ Jeremiodes ” mirrors the relation to Jeremia Redtenbacher, 1908 .</p><p>Distribution. So far recorded from French Guiana and the tropical lowland regions of eastern Peru and Bolivia, east of the Andes. Most certainly this genus is distributed in the complete Amazon basin.</p><p>Species included</p><p>1. Jeremiodes bolioianus, spec. nov.</p><p>Bolivia: Chapare Province</p><p>2. Bacteria pachycerca Redtenbacher, 1908: 415 . Peru: Marcapata</p><p>= Bacteria pichisina Giglio-Tos, 1910: 42, syn. nov. Peru: Rio Pichis</p><p>3. Jeremiodes guianensis, spec. nov.</p><p>French Guiana: Mont. de Kaw</p><p>Key to the species of Jeremiodes, gen. nov.</p><p>♂♂</p><p>1. Large (body length&gt; 70 mm)............................2.</p><p>– Small (body length 60 mm); Peru ....................... ................................... pachycercus (Redtenbacher)</p><p>2. Mesothorax 2.5 × longer than head and pronotum combined, smooth; alae reaching half way along tergite IV; tibiae reddish brown; Bolivia ............ .............................................. bolioianus, spec. nov.</p><p>– Mesothorax 2 × longer than head and pronotum combined, granulose; alae reaching posterior of tergite V; tibiae green; French Guiana ............... ............................................. guianensis, spec. nov.</p><p>♀♀</p><p>The ♀ of J. bolioianus spec. nov. is not known.</p><p>1. Small(bodylengthincl.subgenitalplate 104.0 mm); head granulose; posterior margin of mesonotum flat; Peru ................... pachycercus (Redtenbacher)</p><p>– Large(body length incl.subgenital plate 147.7 mm); head smooth; posterior margin of mesonotum strongly raised; French Guiana ........................... ............................................. guianensis, spec. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/000CC239FF9AFFA4FED6A6A274B39AAC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hennemann, Frank H.;Conle, Oskar V.	Hennemann, Frank H., Conle, Oskar V. (2007): Studies on Neotropical Phasmatodea IV. Jeremiodes, gen. nov., a new genus of the subfamily Cladomorphinae, and the description of two new species. Spixiana 30 (1): 1-11, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16850906
000CC239FF99FFA3FD1FA7FC71E59D59.text	000CC239FF99FFA3FD1FA7FC71E59D59.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Jeremiodes bolivianus Hennemann & Conle 2007	<div><p>Jeremiodes bolivianus, spec. nov.</p><p>Figs 1-3, 11</p><p>Types. Holotype: ♂, Bolivia – Region Chapare – 400 m – leg. Zischka 2. XI. 54 (ZSMC) . – Paratype: 1♂, Bolivia trop., Prov. Chapare, 400 m, leg. 15. XI. 1949 Zischka (ZSMC) .</p><p>Differentiatial diagnosis. Closely related to J.pachycercus (Redtenbacher) from Peru, but distinguished by: the distinctly larger size; shorter and more globose head; smooth and glabrous bluish green mesonotum and mesopleurae, the first having a fine, longitudinal, black median line; and relatively shorter alae which do not exceed the posterior margin of tergite IV. From J. guianensis, spec. nov. from French Guiana it differs by: the shorter and more globose head; relatively longer mesothorax; smooth and glabrous bluish green mesonotum and mesopleurae, the first of which has a fine, longitudinal, black median line; shorter tergite IX; shorter alae which do not reach tergite V and reddish brown instead of green tibiae.</p><p>Description</p><p>The PT appears to have been a just newly adult specimen when it was captured and has the typical colouration, especially of the mesothorax, less developed than the HT.</p><p>♂♂: Medium sized (body length 75.0-75. 8 mm), slender (maximum body width 2.5 mm) species with long, slender legs and shortened alae (24.2-24.4 mm). Head, prothorax, metasternum and abdomen plain yellowish or mid brown. The HT has the head with two very faint oval dark markings and another very faint dark marking close to lateral margin. Lateral margins of pronotum black. Mesonotum glabrous pale bluish green (greyish in the PT) with a very fine, black longitudinal median line and a slightly broader, dark brown longitudinal line about 0.5 mm off the lateral margins, each of which gradually widens to a broad dark brown marking in posterior section of mesonotum; these markings melted with another. Lateral margins of mesonotum marked by a distinct black line. Mesopleurae pale blueish green, posterior margin black. Mesosternum only blueish green in anterior section but soon becoming dark brown and with the median longitudinal keel black. Metapleurae greenish brown. Abdominal tergite IX with a pale anterolateral marking. Tegmina plain mid brown with anterior margin straw.Costal region of alae pale to mid brown with a bold rounded patch at the base, a slightly paler anterior margin and all longitudinal veins dark brown. Anal region very slightly brownish, transparent and with the veins brown.Ventral surfaces of all coxae black. Meso- and metafemora green to gryish green; all femora with apex black. Profemora and all tibiae and tarsi orange to reddish brown; apices of tibiae brown (HT) or black (PT). Antennae dark brown and almost black ventrally.</p><p>Head. Oval, subcylindrical, 2 × longer than wide, broadest slightly behind the eyes, smooth; vertex gently rounded. Between bases of the antennae with a distinct impression and a minute granule at the anterior margin of the head capsule. Between the eyes with two oval, very slightly raised areas. Eyes circular, strongly convex, projecting hemispherically. Antennae long, filiform and reaching to posterior margin of abdominal tergite VIII. Scapus oval in cross-section, 1.5 × longer than wide, parallel-sided. Pedicellus cylindrical, 2 / 3 the length of scapus. Antennomere III slightly longer than pedicellus but distinctly narrower. IV less than half the length of III.Following antennomeres increasing to about mid if antennae, then decreasing in length.</p><p>* after Redtenbacher (1908: 415) ** including median segment *** HT of Bacteria pichisina Giglio-Tos, 1910, after Giglio-Tos (1910: 42)</p><p>Thorax. Pronotum slightly shorter and considerably narrower than head, almost 2 × longer than wide and parallel-sided with anterior margin broadened. Lateral margins raised, transverse median depression very slightly curved and anterior half with an impressed median line. Otherwise smooth except for a very few minute granules. Mesothorax elongate, 2.2 × longer head and pronotum combined, slightly narrower than pronotum and of constant width except for being slightly widened at the posterior.Mesonotum with a very faint and lightly raised longitudinal median carina and and with a few minute, black granules; otherwise smooth. Mesopleurae with a longitudinal row of minute, black granules. Mesosternum with a distinct longitudinal median keel. Metanotum broader than mesonotum, 1.5 × longer than wide. Metapleurae and metasternum with a faint longitudinal median carina. Tegmina elongate, oval, narrowed towards the base and with a small, conical central hump; slightly projecting over posterior margin of metanotum. Alae reaching half way along tergite IV.</p><p>Abdomen. Median segment 2.5 × longer than metanotum, smooth, parallel-sided. Segments II-V of equal length, 4 × longer than wide and parallel-sided. VII and VII slightly shorter; VII slightly broadened at posterior margin. Tergites smooth except for a very minute granules which can only bee seen at 4 × magnification. Sternites II-VII with distinct, longitudinal median keel. Tergite VIII less than 2 / 3 the length of VII and strongly widened towards the posterior. IX 3 / 4 the length of VII strongly convex and prominently medially constricted. Anal segment half the length of IX but broader, transverse, laterally rounded and with a broad medial indention at posterioer margin. Cerci 2 / 3 the length of anal segment, very prominent, dorsoventrally flattened with apices truncate, angled inwards and strongly broadened. Vomer very elongate, gradually pointed towards a pointed tip which almost reaches the posterior margin of the anal segment, lateral margins raised. Subgenital plate convex, cup-like, slightly projecting over posterior margin of tergite IX and with two small medial teeth at posterior margin.</p><p>Legs. All long, rather slender and destitute of spines or teeth. Profemora longer than mesothorax, mesofemora about as long as mesothorax and hind legs projecting over apex of abdomen. Medioventral carina of femora distinct. Pro- and mesobasitarsus 1.5 × longer, metabasitarsus 2 × longer than remaining tarsomeres combined.</p><p>Etymology. The specific name “ bolioianus ” refers to the type-locality Bolivia.</p><p>Comments. ♀ and egg unknown.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/000CC239FF99FFA3FD1FA7FC71E59D59	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hennemann, Frank H.;Conle, Oskar V.	Hennemann, Frank H., Conle, Oskar V. (2007): Studies on Neotropical Phasmatodea IV. Jeremiodes, gen. nov., a new genus of the subfamily Cladomorphinae, and the description of two new species. Spixiana 30 (1): 1-11, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16850906
000CC239FF9EFFAEFF1BA08C71489BC1.text	000CC239FF9EFFAEFF1BA08C71489BC1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Jeremiodes guianensis Hennemann & Conle 2007	<div><p>Jeremiodes guianensis, spec. nov.</p><p>Figs 4-10, 12-13</p><p>Types. Holotype: ♂, Guyane Française, Montagnes de Kaw, Piste de Kaw, Roubaud rec. (MNHN) . – Paratypes: 1♀, Guyane Française, Montagnes de Kaw, Piste de Kaw, Roubaud rec. (MNHN) ; 1♀ (subadult nymph), Guyane Française, Montagnes de Kaw, Piste de Kaw, Cerdan leg., J. Solard, Roubaud Coll. (MNHN).</p><p>Differentiatial diagnosis. The ♂♂ are similar to J. pachycercus (Redtenbacher) from Peru but easily distinguished by: the distinctly larger size; relatively shorter mesothorax and granulose mesonotum; brown instead of yellowish brown abdomen; green instead of reddish brown meso- and metatibiae and the slightly longer alae which reach as far as to the posterior margin of tergite V. The ♀♀ are easily distinguished from J. pachycercus by: the distinctly larger size; slightly more elongate and completely smooth head; slightly broader meso- and metathorax; strongly raised posterior margin of the mesonotum and distinct sub-apical spine of the antero- and posteroventral carinae of the meso- and metafemora.</p><p>Description</p><p>The following descriptions of the ♀ and ♂ are based on the almost perfect HT &amp; PT in MNHN. The ♂ HT is complete except for the left mesotarsus, the left hind claw and the apical segments of the left antennae. The ♀ PT has the right hind leg regenerated and considerably shorter than the left.</p><p>♀♀. Medium-sized (body length 129.5 mm excluding subgenital plate) rather slender (maximum body width 6.6 mm) and apterous, with a long and lanceolate subgenital plate (30.9 mm); large for the genus. General colouration of body pale greyish brown with some lighter dots on the abdomen and a bold bright green lateral marking on the tergites II-V. Ventral surface of thorax greenish brown and with very indistinct, darker markings. Ventral surface of abdomen slightly whiteish and with white markings. Head creamish grey-brown with several darker brown longitudinal bands, especially the postocular one being very broad and distinct. Antennae greyish brown basally but becoming darker and almost black towards the apex. Profemora yellowish brown, protibiae slightly darker brown; meso- and metafemora as well as meso- and metatibiae green. Apices of all femora and tibiae brown. Tarsi and operculum dark brown. Fila ovipositoris brown and shiny black towards apex.</p><p>Head. Elongate, 1.3 × longer than wide, parallel-sided, oval in cross-section. Vertex almost flat and destitute of granules or tubercles. Eyes dark greyish brown, of moderate size, circular and strongly convex. Between the eyes with an almost circular, slightly raised and distinctly boardered area. Antennae slightly longer than head, pro- and mesonotum combined (42.4 mm), antennomeres very short and distinctly decreasing in length towards apices of antennae. Scapus dorsoventrally flattened, rectangular and about 1.5 × longer than wide. Pedicellus cylindrical, broader than following antennomeres and about 2 / 3 the length of scapus.</p><p>Thorax. Pronotum slightly shorter and narrower than head, less than 1.5 × longer than wide, constricted medially and smooth except for four central granules and some very minute granules along lateral margins.Anterior margin slightly raised and concave, posterior margin low and slightly convex.Transverse median depression very distinct, slightly curved and reaching lateral margins of segment. Median line very indistinct. Prosternum slightly trapezoidal and densely granulose. Mesothorax about 2 × longer than head and pronotum combined, constricted at anterior margin, widened afterwards and prominently broadened posteriorly; complete surface densely covered with rounded granules, those on the pleurae and sternum dark green. Mesonotum with posterior margin prominently raised and forming a transverse carina. Metathorax structured like mesothorax. Metanotum about 1.3 × longer than wide, medially constricted and with anterior margin broader than posterior margin.</p><p>Abdomen. Median segment more than 1.5 × longer than wide, longer than the metanotum, constricted medially and all over covered with minute rounded granules. Segments II-VI parallel-sided, smooth and increasing in length, II 1.3 × longer than wide, VI 2 × longer than wide. Tergite VII as long as VI but distinctly narrower and about 2.5 × longer than wide. VIII slightly more than half the length of VII, strongly convex and with a slight median keel; anterior half parallel-sided and as broad as VII, posterior half distinctly widened towards posterior margin. IX about 2 / 3 the length of VII slightly transverse and with a slight median keel. Anal segment slightly longer than IX, with a fine median carina, slightly tapered and with a rounded posterior margin. Supraanal plate very short, transverse, pointed towards the apex and slightly tectiform. Cerci small, oval in cross-section and tapered towards a distinctly pointed apex; clearly projecting over posterior margin of anal segment. Gonapophyses very elongate, filiform, up-curving at the apex and projecting over the anal segment by the combined length of tergites IX and X. Subgenital plate lanceolate and tapered towards a pointed tip, strongly keeled basally and projecting over anal segment by the combined length of tergites VII-IX.</p><p>Legs. All rather short and stout, profemora shorter than mesonotum, mesofemora as long as metanotum and median segment combined and hind legs reaching to posterior margin of abdominal tergite VII. All carinae undulate, destitute of teeth or spines but densely covered with minute tubercles. Antero- and posteroventral carinae of the meso- and metafemora with a distinct, black-sub-apical tooth (anteroventral carina of mesofemora with two black teeth). Medioventral carina of profemora elevated, ledge-like and unarmed. Medioventral carina of meso- and metafemora slightly raised and with a row of very minute granules. Basitarsi as long as following three tarsomeres combined, probasitarsus with a slightly raised dorsal carina.</p><p>♂♂. Medium-sized (body length 79.4 mm) and slender (maximum body width 2.9 mm) Cladomorhini with well developed alae (39.4 mm); large for the genus.Mesothorax,metapleurae and metasternum glabrous dark green, pronotum pale greyish with a longitudinal dark green marking on both sides of the median line. Head greyish brown with several darker brown longitudinal bands, which are identical to those in ♀♀, and an additional bold black marking between the eyes. Scapus and pedicellus blackish brown. Remaining part of antennae greyish brown and becoming black towards the apices. Abdomen plain brown with an irregular whitish anterior marking on tergite IX; sternite VIII almost entirely white. Ventral surfaces of all coxae glabrous black. Profemora yellowish brown, protibiae blackish brown, meso- and metafemora and meso- and metatibiae bright mid green. Apices of all femora and tibiae black. Tarsi yellowish to greenish brown. Tegmina and costal region of alae transparent yellowish brown with the veins dark brown and a bold white longitudinal band at the anterior margion. Costal region of alae with a further very fine longitudinal green line which begins at the base of the alae and covers almost 2 / 3 of its length. Anal region transparent.</p><p>Head. About 1.3 × longer than wide, oval, vertex slightly convex and entirely smooth. Eyes dark brown, circular, strongly convex and prominently projecting from head capsule. Between the eyes with a black, almost circular and distinctly marginated convex area. Antennae generally as in ♀♀ but relatively longer, reaching to posterior margin of abdominal tergite III.</p><p>Thorax. Pronotum generally as in ♀♀ but less distinctly medially constricted.Prosternum trapezoidal and covered with minute granules. Mesothorax very slender, elongate, more than 4 × longer than pronotum, parallel-sided; complete surface densely covered with small granules. Lateral margins of mesonotum raised and with a row of small, pointed tubercles. Mesosternum with a faint median keel. Metanotum prominently shorter than mesonotum and median segment, indistinctly longer than wide. Metapleurae and metasternum densely granulose; metasternum with a very faint median keel. Tegmina small, oval, tapered towards base and slightly convex; slightly longer than the metanotum. Alae reaching half way along tergite V.</p><p>Abdomen. Median segment about 4 × longer than metanotum, slightly narrowed towards the posterior and smooth. Segments II-VI very indistinctly granulose, parallel-sided and of equal width, II almost 4 × longer than wide, II-VI of equal length and about 3 × longer than wide. VII shorter than previous, less than 2.5 × longer than wide and medially constricted; of bone-like appearance. Sternites II-VII with a very faint median carina. Tergite VIII about 2 / 3 the length of VII and distinctly broadened medially. IX distinctly narrower than VIII, medially constricted and 2.5× longer than wide.Anal segment half the length of IX, strongly convex and prominently widened towards the posterior. Posterior margin raised and with a faint medial gap. Cerci very prominent, slightly dorsoventrally flattened with apices prominently broadened, truncate and angled inward. Vomer dark brown, elongate gradually narrowed and with a pointed tip. Subgenital plate large, rounded, strongly convex and reaching to posterior margin of tergite IX. Complete surface irregularely covered with ± distinct and pointed granules; posterior margin with a rounded median gap and a triangular tooth at each angle.</p><p>Legs. All long and slender, and less distinctly carinated than in ♀♀, completely destitute of spines or teeth. Profemora about as long as head, pro- and mesonotum combined, mesofemora slightly longer than mesonotum and metafemora projecting over posterior margin of tergite IV. All carinae covered with a row of very minute tubercles.All tarsi simple, basitarsi longer than remaining tarsomeres combined.</p><p>Nymph. The subadult ♀ nymph (PT) has the legs relatively broader, and the subgenital plate and gonapophyses shorter than the adult specimen. Due to a former preservation or killing in ethanol the colour has changed to dark yellow and pale brown on the abdomen. The specimen is believed to have been plain mid green when alive.</p><p>Etymology. The name refers to the type-locality French Guiana.</p><p>Comments. Egg unknown.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/000CC239FF9EFFAEFF1BA08C71489BC1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hennemann, Frank H.;Conle, Oskar V.	Hennemann, Frank H., Conle, Oskar V. (2007): Studies on Neotropical Phasmatodea IV. Jeremiodes, gen. nov., a new genus of the subfamily Cladomorphinae, and the description of two new species. Spixiana 30 (1): 1-11, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16850906
000CC239FF93FFACFFB9A116712D9C6F.text	000CC239FF93FFACFFB9A116712D9C6F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Jeremiodes pachycercus (Hennemann & Conle 2007) Hennemann & Conle 2007	<div><p>Jeremiodes pachycercus (Redtenbacher, 1908), comb. nov.</p><p>Fig 14</p><p>Bacteria pachycerca Redtenbacher, 1908: 415 . Holotypus: ♂, Marcapata, Peru, Staudinger; Collectio Br. v. W.; det. Redtenb. Bacteria pachycerca; 24.144 (NHMW, No. 801). – Brock, 1998: 48; Otte &amp; Brock, 2003: 80; 2005: 65.</p><p>Bacteria pichisina Giglio-Tos, 1910: 42 . Holotypus: ♀, Rio Pichis, Perù, 1903, Pesce Maineri; Holotypus, Bacteria pichisina, Giglio-Tos, 1910 ♀; Bacteria pichisina Giglio Tos ♀ tipo (MCSN). syn. nov. – Otte &amp; Brock, 2003: 80, 2005: 66.</p><p>Differentiatial diagnosis. The very small size and elongate head clearly distinguish this from the two other species in the genus. ♂♂ are very similar to J. bolioianus, spec. nov. but differ by: the much smaller size; plain brownish green mesothorax; more elongate and less globose head and relatively longer alae, which reach as far as to the posterior margin of tergite IV. From the type-species J. guianensis, spec. nov. ♂♂ are distinguished by: the distinctly smaller body and more elongate head of both sexes; relatively longer mesothorax; yellowish brown instead of brown abdomen and reddish brown instead of green tibiae which exhibit some irregular, transverse dark bands. ♀♀ differ from J. guianensis, spec. nov. by: the granulose head; slightly more slender meso- and metathorax; flat, not distinctly raised posterior margin of the mesonotum and lack of a distinct sub-apical spine on the antero- and posteroventral carinae of the meso- and metafemora.</p><p>Description</p><p>The following descriptions of the ♀ and ♂ are based on the type-specimens in MCSN and NHMW. The ♂ HT of B. pachycerca is complete except for the terminal four abdominal segments; both metatarsi and apical segments of the left antenna. The ♀ HT B. pichisina lacks the right mid and hind leg, right metatarsus as well as the apices of the antennae and has the gonapophyses broken.</p><p>♀♀. Small (body length 104.0 mm excluding subgenital plate) rather slender and apterous, with a very long and lanceolate subgenital plate (23.0 mm). General colouration of body and legs yellowish mid brown, the subgenital plate green. Certainly the specimen is discoloured due to a former preservation in ethanol and is believed to have been greenish when alive. Abdominal segments VI and VII darker brown (caused by preservation). Eyes dark reddish brown, antennae dark brown and becoming black towards apex.</p><p>Head. Ovoid, elongate, 1.6 × longer than wide, broadest at the eyes and gently narrowing towards the posterior. Vertex very slightly rounded and covered with several acute granules. Eyes of moderate size, circular and strongly convex. Between the eyes with a slightly raised area. Antennae at least as long as head, pro- and mesonotum combined (apices broken in the HT), antennomeres very short and distinctly decreasing in length towards apices of antennae. Scapus dorsoventrally flattened, about 1.5 × longer than wide and slightly narrowed towards the base. Pedicellus cylindrical, broader than following antennomeres and about 2 / 3 the length of scapus.</p><p>Thorax. Pronotum distinctly shorter and slightly narrower than head, about 1.3 × longer than wide, roughly rectangular densely granulose.Longitudinal median line and transverse median depression distinct, the latter slightly curved and almost reaching to lateral margins of segment. Prosternum slightly trapezoidal and densely granulose. Mesothorax elongate, slightly more than 2 × longer than head and pronotum combined, slightly constricted at anterior margin, parallel-sided medially and gently widened at posterior margin; complete surface densely granulose. Metathorax structured like mesothorax. Metanotum about 1.3x longer than wide and gradually narrowing towards posterior margin.</p><p>Abdomen. Median segment almost 2 × longer than wide, distinctly longer than metanotum, medially constricted and all over covered with minute rounded granules. Segments II-VII parallel-sided, very minutely granulose. II-VI slightly increasing in length (relations hard to define as the segments are laterally compressed in the HT). Tergite VII 2 / 3 the length of VI but distinctly narrower and about 2.5 × longer than wide. VIII about 3 / 4 the length of VII, strongly convex and with a slight median keel; slightly widened towards posterior margin. IX half the length of VIII quadrate and with a slight median keel. Anal segment about as long as IX, with a fine median carina, slightly tapered towards the posterior, with posterior margin rounded. Supraanal plate very short. Cerci small, oval in cross-section and tapered towards a pointed apex; clearly projecting over posterior margin of anal segment. Gonapophyses elongate, filiform and distinctly projecting over the anal segment (broken in the HT). Subgenital plate very elongate and lanceolate, tapered towards a pointed tip and projecting over anal segment by the combined length of tergites VII-X. Basal section strongly keeled.</p><p>Legs. All rather short and stout, profemora about as long as mesonotum, mesofemora as long as metanotum and median segment combined and metatibiae reaching 1 / 3 the way along abdominal tergite VI. All carinae undulate and destitute of teeth or spines but densely covered with minute tubercles. Antero- and posteroventral carinae of the meso- and metafemora with a very indistinct sub-apical tooth. Medioventral carina of profemora elevated and ledge-like, unarmed. Medioventral carina of meso- and metafemora slightly raised and with a row of very minute granules. Basitarsi slightly longer than following three tarsomeres combined, probasitarsus with a slightly raised dorsal carina.</p><p>♂♂. Very small (body length 60.0 mm, according to Redtenbacher, 1908: 415) and slender with well developed alae (27.0 mm). Mesonotum and bases of profemora pale bluish green, abdomen yellowish green. Mesonotum with a very fine, dark green longitudinal median line and a slightly broader, dark green longitudinal line about 0.5 mm off the lateral margins, each of which widens to a broad brownish green marking in posterior section of mesonotum; these markings melted with another. Lateral margins of mesonotum broadly whitish. Metapleurae pale green, meso- and metasternum brown. Head and pronotum mid brown. Tegmina pale brown basally and with a broad longitudinal pale yellowish marking along lateral margin Costal region of alae pale green with the main longitudinal veins broadly brown and a pale yellowish longitudinal stripe along anterior margin. Anal region transparent.Meso- and metafemora green. Profemora, all tibiae and tarsi orange brown, the tibiae with two distinct straw transverse bands (faint on protibiae). Apices of all femora, ventral surface of procoxae as well as meso- and metacoxae black. Antennae greyish but becoming very dark brown towards the apex. Scapus and pedicellus of same colour as head.</p><p>Head. About 1.6 × longer than wide, oval, vertex almost flat and smooth. Broadest at the eyes and gently narrowed towards the posterior. Eyes reddish brown, circular, very prominent and projecting hemispherically. Between the eyes with two slightly raised, oval areas. Antennae generally as in ♀♀ but relatively longer, extending as far back as to posterior margin of abdominal tergite V.</p><p>Thorax. Pronotum distinctly shorter and narrower than head, generally as in ♀♀. Transverse median depression distinct. Prosternum trapezoidal and minutely granulose. Mesothorax very slender, elongate, parallel-sided and about 2.3 × longer than head and pronotum combined. Surface smooth except for a few small, scattered granules. Mesosternum with a faint median keel. Metanotum prominently shorter than mesonotum and median segment, indistinctly longer than wide. Metapleurae and metasternum very minutely granulose; metasternum with a very indistinct median keel. Tegmina small, oval, tapered towards the base and slightly convex. Alae reaching 1 / 3 the way along tergite V.</p><p>Abdomen. Median segment distinctly longer than metanotum, unarmed (covered by alae in the HT). Segments II-VI very minutely granulose, parallel-sided and of uniform width, being about 3.5 × longer than wide. Segments VII-X lacking in the HT. Redtenbacher (1908: 415) described these segments as follows: “Segmentum anale globoso-convexum, apice truncatum. Cerci breves, crassi, obtusi, leviter incurvi.Lamina subgenitalis fornicata, apice bispinosa [Anal segment globose, convex and truncate apically. Cerci short, very prominent, broadened and in-curving. Subgenital plate convex with the apex bi-spinose]”.</p><p>Legs. All long and slender, less distinctly carinated than in ♀♀ and completely destitute of spines or teeth. Profemora about as long as head, pro- and mesonotum combined, mesofemora as long as mesonotum and metafemora reaching to posterior margin of tergite V. All carinae covered with a row of very minute tubercles. Tarsi simple, proasitarsus distinctly longer than remaining tarsomeres combined, mesobasitarsus as long as remaining tarsomeres combined. Metatarsi missing in the HT.</p><p>Comments. Redtenbacher (1908: 415) described Bacteria pachycerca from a single ♂ in NHMW which has since its description suffered from damage, having the four terminal abdominal segments broken off and missing, or destroyed by parasites. Redtenbacher’ s description of these segments however “Segmentum anale globoso-convexum, apice truncatum. Cerci breves, crassi, obtusi, leviter incurvi. Lamina subgenitalis fornicata, apice bispinosa” clearly places B. pachycerca in Jeremiodes, gen. nov. The data “ Peru, Marcapata” were not recorded by Redtenbacher, who erroneously stated the exact locality to be not known.</p><p>Bacteria pichisina Giglio-Tos, 1910 was described from a single ♀ in MCSN, collected along Rio Pichis in eastern Peru. Examination of the HT has shown this as well to be a member of the new genus Jeremiodes . Comparison with B. pachycerca Redtenbacher has proven B. pichisina Giglio-Tos to be the opposite sex of Redtenbacher’ s species, which is e.g. seen in the conspicuously small size; very elongate head and long mesothorax.</p><p>The type-localities in Peru, “Marcapata” and “Rio Pichis”, are both situated east of the Andes and are less than 500 kilometres away from each other. Marcapata lies some 70 km east of Cuzco in the eastern slopes of the Cordillera de Carabaya, and Rio Pichis is the most southern affluent of Rio Pachitea about 200 km south of Pucallpa. Both regions exhibit a very similar Phasmatodean fauna and are known to share several species.</p><p>Egg unknown.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/000CC239FF93FFACFFB9A116712D9C6F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hennemann, Frank H.;Conle, Oskar V.	Hennemann, Frank H., Conle, Oskar V. (2007): Studies on Neotropical Phasmatodea IV. Jeremiodes, gen. nov., a new genus of the subfamily Cladomorphinae, and the description of two new species. Spixiana 30 (1): 1-11, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16850906
