taxonID	type	description	language	source
057E87D5FFB8FF9CFFFF901DFC24FEA0.taxon	description	Markedly differing in male petals with entire margin (fringed or deeply lacer- ated in all known Trichosanthes species). ― Type: Luu Hong Truong, Huynh Nhan Tri & Ngo Van Cam 1150 (holo MW; iso L L. 3955619, SGN), Vietnam, Kon Tum Province, Kon Plong District, Ngok Tem Commune, N 14 ° 43 ' 43.3 " E 108 ° 20 ' 04.3 ", 1120 m elevation, 18 Apr. 2016, male fl. 1 Naturalis Biodiversity Center, section Botany, P. O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; corresponding author e-mail: b. dewilde-duyfjes @ naturalis. nl. 2 Joint Russian-Vietnamese Tropical Scientific and Technological Center, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam; e-mail: max. nuraliev @ gmail. com. 3 Faculty of Biology, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1, 12, Len- inskie Gory, 119234 Moscow, Russia. 4 A. N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky 33, Moscow, Russia. 5 Southern Institute of Ecology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 1 Mac Dinh Chi, District 1, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. 6 Faculty of Agriculture & Forestry, Tay Nguyen Technical School for Agriculture and Forestry, 438 Truong Chinh, Pleiku City, Gia Lai Province, Vietnam. 7 Tropical Research Centre, Forest Science Institute of Central Highlands and South of Central Vietnam, Chi Lang Ward, Pleiku City, Gia Lai Province, Vietnam. Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the crowded flowers in the male inflorescence (Latin: conferta = crowded). Trailing or climbing subherbaceous perennial (?) vine; stem between adult leaves c. 3 mm diam, grooved on drying, not reddish tinged; whole plant appearing as glabrous, but sparsely minutely (appressed) greyish-hairy, hairs less than 0.1 mm long, hairs more obvious in inflorescence; dioecious. Probract linear, 10 ‒ 12 mm long. Tendrils 2 - (or 3 -) branched, 10 ‒ 15 cm long, point of branching 1 ‒ 3 cm from the base, one branch much longer. Leaves dispersed when trailing, showing up as distichous when creeping (Fig. 1 a); petiole c. 2 cm long, c. 2 mm diam; lamina brown on drying, thinly coriaceous, entire, ovate-elliptic, (8 ‒) 10 ‒ 15 by 4.5 ‒ 9 cm, glands absent, cystoliths absent, base broadly rounded or shallowly cordate, near the insertion with the petiole with two inconspicuous lobes (not glandular), margin entire, smooth or with remote dents c. 0.5 mm long, apex acute-acuminate; veins ± 3 - or 5 - pli-nerved at base and 1 or 2 (or 3) pairs from the midrib, tertiary venation coarsely reticulate, raised below. Male raceme minutely grey or pale brown hairy, hairs c. 0.1 mm long; peduncle straight, c. 10 cm long, 1.5 ‒ 2 mm thick, at base co-axillary with or without a single flower-pedicel 6 – 8 cm long; rachis short, not thickened, 0.5 – 1.5 cm long, 8 – 10 - flowered, the flowers condensed, sub-umbellate; bracts persistent (?), narrowly elliptic (leaving sight on younger buds), 10 ‒ 20 by c. 2.5 mm, long-narrowed at base, margin entire, apex long-acute, glands minute (but see note 3). Male flowers finely grey-brown hairy; pedicel erecto-patent, persistent, 10 – 15 mm long, not distinctly articulated to the flower; receptacle tube very minutely hairy inside, long-cupshaped, c. 15 mm long, at throat c. 8 mm wide; sepals erect, (long-) triangular, entire, 2.5 ‒ 3 mm long, petals in bud outside finely brown hairy, ± valvate, the bud narrowed (not rounded) towards the apex; petals white, spreading, obovate-oblong, c. 20 mm long, broadest towards apex where irregularly lobed or undulate, without hair-like threads; stamens 3 (two 2 - thecous, one 1 - thecous, or occasionally 5, all 1 - thecous), inserted about halfway to the receptacle-tube, reaching to the throat of the receptacle tube, filaments free, glabrous (glandular hairy), widening to the anthers, anthers 3, tightly connivent into a broadly ellipsoid synandrium, at apex sterile, flat with some fleshy bulges, anthers two 2 - thecous, one 1 - thecous, thecae sigmoid, minutely hairy at their margins. Female flower, fruit, and seed not known. Distribution ― S Vietnam, known only from the type locality. Habitat & Ecology ― Climber on trees along road near river; 1120 m elevation; flowering in April. Notes ― 1. The here presented description of T. conferta is based on the herbarium collection Luu Hong Truong et al. 1150 and on photographs made by Luu Hong Truong in the field in 2016, as well as on those previously made by Nuraliev in 2015, on the same locality. Trichosanthes is night-flowering, the petals are white, apparently fading to purplish brown at the end of the night. 2. Trichosanthes conferta resembles most the rather widespread T. truncata C. B. Clarke. The latter species differs in lacking a probract, in longer petioles, shorter and broader male bracts, reflexed sepals, fringed petals, and a more elongate rachis in the male raceme. In T. conferta the probract is small and narrow and may be overlooked. The new species has conspicuously straight male peduncles bearing at apex the flowers close together, reminiscent of an umbel, one flower in anthesis each day. The lack of thread-like fringes on the petals is unique in the genus. 3. The male bracts are abaxially covered with numerous minute glands which in fresh leaves look like bright green convex warts, and when dry as pale discs, c. 0.1 mm diam. They are much smaller than the glands in other species, c. 1 mm diam or more.	en	Duyfjes, B. E. E., Nuraliev, M. S., Luu, H. T., Huynh, N. T., Ngo, V. C., Kuznetsov, A. N., Kuznetsova, S. P. (2016): Two new species and one new species record of Trichosanthes (Cucurbitaceae) from Vietnam. Blumea 61 (3): 267-271, DOI: 10.3767/000651916X694292, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651916x694292
057E87D5FFB9FF9EFCB09409FC0AF9E5.taxon	description	Distinct from Trichosanthes villosa Blume in the much deeper lobed lamina and 3 - branched tendril (4 – 7 - branched in T. villosa). — Type: Nuraliev 1222 (holo MW; iso L L. 3955617), S Vietnam, Kon Tum Province, Sa Thay District, Ro Koi Municipality, Chu Mom Ray National Park, 33 km WNW of Kon Tum, N 14 ° 29 ' 45 " E 107 ° 43 ' 35 ", 900 m elevation, 30 Mar. 2015, male fl. Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the bract shifted up along the floral pedicel (Greek: epi = upon). Stout perennial climber, c. 10 (?) m long; leafy stem ± grooved on drying, not reddish tinged, glabrous (glabrescent from minute hairs), c. 4 mm diam; dioecious. Probract absent, but a brown hairy wart c. 2 mm diam present (Fig. 2). Tendrils 3 - branched, one branch strongest, point of branching c. 2 cm from the base, brown hairy, hairs c. 0.5 mm long, glabrescent. Leaves: petiole stout, hairy, c. 8 cm long, c. 3 mm diam; lamina brown on drying, (sub) coriaceous, deeply 5 - lobed to 1 / 2 – 2 / 3 deep, outer lobes smaller, in outline subcircular, 14 – 17 cm diam, finely bullate and hairy on the veins above, densely hairy all over beneath, glands absent, cystoliths not obvious, base deeply cordate, margin entire, apex of lobes long acute-acuminate; veins and veinlets sunk above, distinctly raised beneath. Male raceme finely brown hairy, co-axillary at the node or slightly adnate to base of peduncle with a single pedicel c. 80 mm long, the flower not present in the material; peduncle 8 – 9 cm long, c. 3 mm thick, about halfway with 1 ‒ 3 sterile bracts up to 1.5 cm long; rachis not thickened, 6 – 12 cm long, 2.5 – 3 mm thick, c. 10 - flowered; bracts persistent, inserted on the pedicel 1 – 2 cm from the base, elliptic, 2 – 2.5 by 1 – 1.2 cm, margin subentire, glands numerous. Male flowers: brown hairy; pedicel 20 – 30 mm long, persistent, with bract inserted at c. 2 / 3 from the base; receptacle tube (25 –) 30 mm long, at throat c. 7 mm wide, bulging to 10 mm wide above the middle, at base slightly broadened where demarcated with the pedicel; sepals long-triangular to lanceolate, c. 7 mm long, entire, petals white, obovate or obovate-oblong, 40 – 50 mm long including threads c. 20 mm long; synandrium not seen. Female flower, fruit, and seed not known. Distribution ― S Vietnam, known only from the type locality. Habitat & Ecology ― Forest margin in logging area; 900 m elevation; flowering in March. Note ― Trichosanthes epibracteata keys out in the key for Trichosanthes in Indochina (De Wilde & Duyfjes 2012) beside T. villosa Blume, a species also with the male bract considerably shifted upwards on the pedicel. The latter species is readily distinct in an overall weaker appearance, and more precisely in e. g. indumentum of longer hairs, c. 1 mm long, leaves not or hardly lobed, tendril 4 ‒ 7 (‒ 9) - fid, and missing the hairy wart at the node.	en	Duyfjes, B. E. E., Nuraliev, M. S., Luu, H. T., Huynh, N. T., Ngo, V. C., Kuznetsov, A. N., Kuznetsova, S. P. (2016): Two new species and one new species record of Trichosanthes (Cucurbitaceae) from Vietnam. Blumea 61 (3): 267-271, DOI: 10.3767/000651916X694292, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651916x694292
057E87D5FFBBFF99FCB093C4FBEAFD28.taxon	distribution	Distribution ― SE China, Taiwan, S Vietnam (Kon Ka Kinh National Park). Habitat & Ecology (in Vietnam) ― Disturbed forest; 900 m elevation; flowers in May. Notes ― 1. Trichosanthes laceribractea is a new record for Vietnam, only known by the collection Nuraliev 1474 (Gia Lai Province, Mang Yang District, A Yun Municipality, Kon Ka Kinh National Park, 31 km WNW of K’Bang, N 14 ° 12 ' 31 " E 108 ° 19 ' 00 ", 900 m elevation, 13 May 2016; L, MW). 2. Trichosanthes laceribractea keys out in the key to the species of Indochina (De Wilde & Duyfjes 2012) beside T. fissibracteata C. Y. Wu ex C. Y. Cheng & C. H. Yueh and T. tricuspidata Lour. The first, T. fissibracteata differs in having a linear probract 20 ‒ 30 mm long, entire leaf margin and deeply laciniate male bracts; T. tricuspidata is distinct in having a smaller probract 5 (‒ 10) mm long and smaller blade glands, 0.5 ‒ 1 mm diam. 3. Trichosanthes laceribractea was described from Taiwan, and occurs rather widespread in SE China. The species was recorded for Vietnam by Jeffrey (1980) based on the collection Pételot 1084, but this collection was later on relegated to T. fissibracteata by De Wilde & Duyfjes (2012). As can be expected of a collection rather away from China, in the Vietnamese plant some differences can be noticed (seen on the colour photographs): reddish colour of young twigs, tendrils and veins on lamina below, and the presence of fleshy prolongations of the connectives (Fig. 4 d). Furthermore, it can be mentioned that the male bracts are longer, 4.5 ‒ 6 cm long vs 3 ‒ 4 cm long in China. The petals are pure white. 4. The flower shows up as glabrous, but on magnification (Fig. 4 d) it can be seen that the flower bud is minutely hairy outside throughout and that the tube inside is long hairy in the broadened part, the petals are long hairy near the throat and shorter hairy adaxially. 5. Flowering phenology (based on observations of the Vietnamese plant): The flower begins to open around 22.00 P. M., full flowering at least between 23.00 P. M. and 2.30 A. M., at 6.30 A. M. the flower is abscised. During the night the open flowers are visited by numerous small flies of the family Phoridae.	en	Duyfjes, B. E. E., Nuraliev, M. S., Luu, H. T., Huynh, N. T., Ngo, V. C., Kuznetsov, A. N., Kuznetsova, S. P. (2016): Two new species and one new species record of Trichosanthes (Cucurbitaceae) from Vietnam. Blumea 61 (3): 267-271, DOI: 10.3767/000651916X694292, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651916x694292
