taxonID	type	description	language	source
0441AE08062DE108FFF4B48612493D6D.taxon	description	Miquelia Arn. & Nees in Nees (1841) 45; (1843: 177), non Blume (June 1838, nom. rej.), nec Meisn. (Sept. 1838, nom. cons.). — Berghausia Endl. (1843) 57. — Lectotype: Miquelia courtallensis Arn. & Nees [= Berghausia courtallensis (Arn. & Nees) Endl. = Garnotia courtallensis (Arn. & Nees) Thwaites], designated by Santos (1950: 23). Garnotia Brongn. subsect. Longiaristatae Santos (1950) 25,27, nom. inval. — ‘ Type’: Garnotia longiaristata Santos. Garnotia Brongn. sect. Deflexae Santos (1950) 26, nom. inval. — Type: Not indicated. Garnotia Brongn. subsect. Asiaticae Santos (1950) 26, 37, nom. inval. — Garnotia Brongn. rankless Scabridae Santos (1950) 26, 39, nom. inval. — ‘ Type’: Garnotia asiatica Santos. Garnotia Brongn. subsect. Zelanicae Santos (1950) 26, 37, nom. inval. — ‘ Type’: Garnotia zelanica Santos. Garnotia Brongn. subsect. Geniculatae Santos (1950) 27, 46, nom. inval. — ‘ Type’: Garnotia geniculata Santos.	en	Veldkamp, J. F., Teerawatananon, A., Sungkaew, S. (2015): A revision of Garnotia (Gramineae) in Malesia and Thailand. Blumea 59 (3): 229-237, DOI: 10.3767/000651915X689587, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651915x689587
0441AE08062DE108FFF4B48612493D6D.taxon	description	Garnotia Brongn. rankless Patulae Santos (1950) 25, nom. inval. — ‘ Type’: Garnotia patula (Munro) Benth. Garnotia Brongn. rankless Tortuosae Santos (1950) 25, nom. inval. — ‘ Type’: Garnotia tortuosa Santos. Garnotia Brongn. rankless Laeves Santos (1950) 26,44, nom. inval. — ‘ Type’: Garnotia laevis Santos. Ligule a membranous collar. Inflorescence paniculate, axes spicate, ending in spikelets, persistent. Spikelets pedicellate, paired (or ternate), falling with the glumes, 1 - flowered, callus usually puberulous, rachilla process absent. At least one glume as long as the spikelet, 3 - nerved. Lemmas not indurated, glabrous, 1 – 3 - nerved, muticous or awned from the sometimes bilobed apex. Stamens 3. Styles free to base, exserted laterally. Hilum punctiform. x = 10,? 16. Distribution — Approximately 30 spp from Oman (see under G. tenella), the Seychelles, India to Hawaii, eight taxa in Malesia, six in Thailand. Anatomy — Kranz MS. Karyology — 2 n = usually 20 (Gould 1972: 519; Rice et al. 2014), but for ‘ G. stricta ’ from India there are reports of 20 + 0 – 2 B, 30 (Rice et al. 2014), 38 (Muniyama & Narayan 1975), 40 (Sindhe & Narayan 1976), n = 20 + 1 B (Mehra & Sood 1974), 30 (Mehra & Sharma 1975). 2 n = 32 was counted for G. tenella (Arn. ex Miq.) Janowski by Gosavi & Yadav (2011). Notes — For the species of sect. Garnotia to which the Thai and Malesian taxa belong it is stated by Bor (1960) followed by Prakash & Jain (1979) and Sunil et al. (2014) that the leaves would articulate between sheath and blade, but we have only seen this occasionally in G. spadicea Ohwi. Muticous and awned lemmas may occur within the same species, e. g. G. courtallensis (Arn. & Nees) Thwaites and G. micrantha Thwaites (both awned, but sometimes with muticous lemmas in the same inflorescence) and var. nana Stapf (muticous), G. patula (Munro) Benth. var. patula and var. mutica, G. stricta Brongn. var. stricta (muticous) and the awned var. acutigluma (Steud.) Veldk. and var. longiseta Hack., etc. Hooker f. (1896) already had awned, with or without a tortuous column (!), and muticous specimens within his concept of G. stricta which is perhaps one reason for the misapplication of the specific combination to a diverse range of taxa in Asia.	en	Veldkamp, J. F., Teerawatananon, A., Sungkaew, S. (2015): A revision of Garnotia (Gramineae) in Malesia and Thailand. Blumea 59 (3): 229-237, DOI: 10.3767/000651915X689587, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651915x689587
0441AE08062EE10BFFF4B694131B3AA5.taxon	description	Plants perennial. Culms erect, simple to branched at base, 0.6 – 1.65 m long. Nodes puberulous to pilose. Sheath mouth glabrous to densely hairy. Ligule 0.3 – 0.5 mm long. Blades linear, flat, 15 – 29 (– 60) cm by 4 – 15 mm, glabrous to pilose, sometimes with bulbous-based hairs, base narrowly attenuate. Panicle 20 – 45 (– 60) cm long, common axis longer than the lowest branches, branches solitary or fascicled, at maturity to stiffly reflexed, scaberulous. Spikelets 3 – 6.3 mm long (excl. awn), callus hairs 0.2 – 1.2 mm long. First glume 3 – 6.3 mm long, shorter than to subequal to the second glume, obtuse to mucronate. Second glume 3 – 6.3 mm long, apex acute to aristate, arista 0 – 8 mm long. Lemma awn apical, imperfect, column absent, arista straight, 6 – 12 (– 17) mm long. Anthers 1.2 – 2 mm long. Distribution — Thailand (North-eastern: Loei), Malay Peninsula (Pahang); N Vietnam, S China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan). Habitat — Along streams, rocky cliffs, sandy soil, borders of woods, oak forest, 0 – 1500 m altitude. Notes — The occurrence in Thailand is an extension of the known range. There is a muticous form, var. mutica (Munro) Rendle, that has been reported for Burma, N Vietnam and S China, but has not yet been seen in Thailand.	en	Veldkamp, J. F., Teerawatananon, A., Sungkaew, S. (2015): A revision of Garnotia (Gramineae) in Malesia and Thailand. Blumea 59 (3): 229-237, DOI: 10.3767/000651915X689587, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651915x689587
0441AE08062EE10BFCBBB22D14FD3E54.taxon	description	Garnotia spadicea Ohwi (1947) 9. — Type: Van Steenis 8479, p. p. (holo BO, L, fragm.; K 000290153). Plants perennial. Culms stiffly erect, branched at base and along the culm, 0.2 – 0.75 m long. Nodes glabrous to puberulous. Sheath mouth sparsely to densely hairy. Ligule 0.3 – 0.8 mm long. Blades linear, flat to folded, 9 – 17 cm by 4 – 9 mm, glabrous to pilose, base narrowly attenuate. Panicle 5 – 11.5 cm long, common axis longer than the lowest branches, branches fascicled, at maturity appressed, smooth. Spikelets 5 – 6 mm long (excl. awn), callus hairs 0.7 – 1 mm long. First glume 5 – 6 mm long, subequal to the second glume, acuminate to mucronate. Second glume 5 – 6 mm long, apex acuminate to mucronate, arista 0 – 2 mm long. Lemma awn apical, imperfect, column absent, arista straight, 2.5 – 8 mm long. Anthers 1.5 – 2 mm long. Distribution — Sumatra, Aceh (Leuser). Habitat — Locally not rare in open grasslands, heaths, edge of thicket, 2200 – 2800 m altitude. Collector’s notes — Small, dense to loose tussocks, stiff, brittle herb. Grey hairy. Inflorescence purplish greenish. Note — The leaves in several collections are blackish sug- gestive of fire. The lemmas conspicuously castaneous, hence the epithet.	en	Veldkamp, J. F., Teerawatananon, A., Sungkaew, S. (2015): A revision of Garnotia (Gramineae) in Malesia and Thailand. Blumea 59 (3): 229-237, DOI: 10.3767/000651915X689587, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651915x689587
0441AE08062EE10BFCBBB73C130E3EF3.taxon	description	Garnotia stricta Brongn. (1831) t. 21; (1832) 133. — Type: Dumont d’Urville s. n. (holo P 00698468; iso P 000698400, 000698469, 000698470,? P 000698471), designated here.	en	Veldkamp, J. F., Teerawatananon, A., Sungkaew, S. (2015): A revision of Garnotia (Gramineae) in Malesia and Thailand. Blumea 59 (3): 229-237, DOI: 10.3767/000651915X689587, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651915x689587
0441AE08062EE10AFCBBB7DE16883B1D.taxon	description	Garnotia philippinensis Santos (1944) 94, t. 1. — Type: BS 42963 (Ramos) (holo US; K, PNH lost, UC). Garnotia philippinensis Santos var. celebica Jansen, ined. — Voucher: Kjellberg 3024 (BO). Plants perennial. Culms erect to erect and geniculate at base, simple to branched at base, (0.1 –) 0.4 – 1 m long. Nodes glabrous to pilose. Sheath mouth glabrous to densely hairy. Ligule 0.2 – 0.5 mm long. Blades linear, flat to folded or involute, 8 – 30 cm by 3 – 16 mm, glabrous to pilose, base rounded to cuneate. Panicle 9 – 28 cm long, common axis longer than the lowest branches, branches fascicled, at maturity appressed, smooth to scaberulous. Spikelets 3.5 – 5.5 mm long, callus glabrous or puberulous, hairs 0 – 1.7 mm long. First glume 3.5 – 5.5 mm long, subequal to longer than the second glume, acute to aristate; second glume 3.5 – 5 mm long, apex acute to aristate, arista 0 – 3 mm long. Lemma awn absent. Anthers c. 1 mm long. Distribution — Malesia: SW Celebes (Toraja), Kabaëna, New Guinea (Irian Jaya: Triton Bay; Papua New Guinea: Central Prov.), Pacific: Guam, Palau, Raiatea, Tahiti. Records for elsewhere in Asia are misidentifications. Habitat — Grassy slopes, seepage area in savannah, 0 – 1600 m altitude. Collector’s notes — Perennial, culms geniculate, rooting. Leaves pale yellow. Panicle greenish yellow, often violet. Uses — Attractive to horses. Notes — A statistical analysis, except for the presence of a lemmatal awn and distribution, showed no significant differences between G. stricta var. acutigluma and G. stricta var. stricta.	en	Veldkamp, J. F., Teerawatananon, A., Sungkaew, S. (2015): A revision of Garnotia (Gramineae) in Malesia and Thailand. Blumea 59 (3): 229-237, DOI: 10.3767/000651915X689587, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651915x689587
0441AE08062FE10AFFF4B27614E03888.taxon	description	Garnotia caespitosa Santos (1944) 92. — Type: BS 6237 (Gates) (holo US; BM, K 000290161, NY, PNH lost). Garnotia caespitosa Santos var. longiuscula Santos (1950) 67. — Type: BS 34069 (Ramos & Edaño) (holo UC; A, PNH lost). Garnotia caespitosa Santos forma permucronata Santos (1950) 67. — Type: BS 36776 (Ramos & Edaño) (holo US; K 000943326, PNH lost). Garnotia caespitosa Santos var. emarginata Santos (1950) 68. — Type: BS 47127 (Ramos & Edaño) (holo US; BM, NY, PNH lost, UC). Garnotia caespitosa Santos forma amboinensis Santos (1950) 68. — Type: BS 1649 (Robinson) (holo US; PNH lost).	en	Veldkamp, J. F., Teerawatananon, A., Sungkaew, S. (2015): A revision of Garnotia (Gramineae) in Malesia and Thailand. Blumea 59 (3): 229-237, DOI: 10.3767/000651915X689587, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651915x689587
0441AE08062FE10AFFF4B27614E03888.taxon	description	Garnotia erecta Santos (1950) 73. — Type: SF 13854 (Robinson) (holo K 000290154; BM, PNH lost, SING). Garnotia erecta Santos forma malayana Santos (1950) 74. — Type: SF 23465 (Henderson) (holo US; SING). Garnotia acutigluma (Steud.) Ohwi var. aberrans Santos (1950) 84. — Type: Backer 22768 (holo US; BO, L, SING, U). Garnotia acutigluma (Steud.) Ohwi var. subvestita Santos (1950) 84. — Type: Bakhuizen v. d. Brink 3683 (holo US; BO, K, L, U). Garnotia acutigluma (Steud.) Ohwi var. ambigua Santos (1950) 85. — Type: Backer 22401 (holo US; BO, K 000943327, L, U, US). Garnotia acutigluma (Steud.) Ohwi forma abbreviata Santos (1950) 85. — Type: Backer 25632 (holo US; BO, K, L, U). Garnotia acutigluma (Steud.) Ohwi forma partiens Santos (1950) 85. — Type: Winckel 1404 (‘ 14043 ’) (holo US; BO, L, U).	en	Veldkamp, J. F., Teerawatananon, A., Sungkaew, S. (2015): A revision of Garnotia (Gramineae) in Malesia and Thailand. Blumea 59 (3): 229-237, DOI: 10.3767/000651915X689587, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651915x689587
0441AE08062FE10AFFF4B27614E03888.taxon	description	Plants perennial. Culms erect to decumbent, branched at base to branched along the culm, 0.2 – 0.85 m long. Nodes glabrous to pilose. Sheath mouth glabrous to sparsely hairy. Ligule 0.1 – 0.5 (– 1.75) mm long. Blades linear, flat to folded, 3.5 – 29 (– 40) cm by 1.7 – 6 (– 12) mm, glabrous to pilose (sparsely), base narrowly attenuate. Panicle 5 – 20 (– 35) cm long, common axis longer than the lowest branches, branches solitary to fascicled, at maturity appressed to erecto-patent, smooth to scaberulous. Spikelets 3 – 4.5 (– 5.5) mm long (excl. awn), callus hairs 0.2 – 0.7 (– 1) mm long. First glume 2.5 – 4.5 (– 5.5) mm long, shorter than to longer than the second glume, acute to mucronate. Second glume 2.5 – 4.25 (– 5) mm long, apex acute to mucronate, arista 0 – 1 (– 4) mm long. Lemma awn apical, imperfect, column absent, arista straight, 8 – 15 mm long. Anthers 1 – 1.8 mm long. Distribution — Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan, NE India (Assam) to S China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan), Taiwan; Thailand: Northern: Chiang Mai; North-eastern: Loei, Nakhon Phanom; South-eastern: Prachinburi; Penins.: Nakhon Sri- tamarat, Trang; Malesia: Malay Peninsula (Kedah, Pahang, Perak), Sumatra (Padang), W Java (Bantam, Bogor, Jakarta, Preanger), Central (Banyumas), Lesser Sunda Isl.:? Bali, Flores, Sumbawa, Borneo (Brunei, SE Kalimantan, Sabah, Sarawak), Celebes (SW; Talaud Isl.), Philippines (Basilan, Luzon, Mindanao), Moluccas (Ceram, Ternate). Probably introduced and naturalised in Hawai’i. Habitat — Local, but then sometimes vegetation forming. A facultative rheophyte on boulders, sandstone rocks, also in marshy places, open grassland, evergreen forest, bamboo forest, 15 – 1300 m altitude. Collector’s notes — Inflorescences pale green to green. Notes — An autonym is generated by the description of a taxon not including the type of the specific name, even when it is not mentioned in the original text. When they are united, as here, the non-published autonym has priority (Art. 6.8, 7.6, 26.1; McNeill et al. 2012). Santos under the description of presum- ably the typical form, diagnosed the 5 varieties and formae as “ similis formae typicae a qua differt … ”. The only collection seen from Sumatra (Meijer 6038, L) is exceptional for being taller than the others, with longer leaves and spikelets.	en	Veldkamp, J. F., Teerawatananon, A., Sungkaew, S. (2015): A revision of Garnotia (Gramineae) in Malesia and Thailand. Blumea 59 (3): 229-237, DOI: 10.3767/000651915X689587, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651915x689587
0441AE08062FE10DFCBAB006160139B8.taxon	description	Garnotia stricta Brongn. var. longiseta Hack. (1909 a) 141; (1909 b) no. 744. — Garnotia mindanaensis Santos var. longiseta Santos (1950) 98. — Garnotia acutigluma (Steud.) Ohwi var. longiseta (Hack.) V. Prakash & S. K. Jain (1979) 6. — Type: Merrill in Kneucker Gram. Exsicc. 744 (holo W; B, BM, E, G, K, L, UC, US, WAG). Garnotia stricta Brongn. var. adscendens Hack. (1909 a) 141; (1909 b) no. 744. — Lectotype: Hook. f. & Thomson s. n. (holo K; GOET, U), designated here (see note). Muhlenbergia arundinella Ridl. (1913) 267 (‘ Muehlenbergia ’). — Lectotype: Boden Kloss s. n., Camp 6 a (holo BM; K), designated here. Garnotia ledermannii Pilg. (1914) 171. — Type: Ledermann 12521 (holo B lost).	en	Veldkamp, J. F., Teerawatananon, A., Sungkaew, S. (2015): A revision of Garnotia (Gramineae) in Malesia and Thailand. Blumea 59 (3): 229-237, DOI: 10.3767/000651915X689587, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651915x689587
0441AE08062FE10DFCBAB006160139B8.taxon	description	Garnotia mezii Janowski var. maculata Santos (1950) 92. — Type: Carr 12395 (holo NY; BM, K 000943324, KEP, L, US). Garnotia mezii Janowski var. clemensiana Santos (1950) 93. — Type: Clemens 4878 (holo US; A, K). Garnotia mezii Janowski var. longiramosa Santos (1950) 93. — Type: McGregor 74 (holo US). Garnotia mindanaensis Santos forma volcanicola Santos (1950) 98. — Type: BS 75748 (Ramos & Edaño) (holo NY; K, PNH lost). Garnotia mindanaensis Santos var. ramosii Santos (1950) 99. — Type: BS 13983 (Ramos) (holo US; BM, K 0009433325, PNH lost). Garnotia stricta auct. non Brongn. Plants perennial. Culms erect to erect and geniculate at base, simple to branched along the culm, 0.4 – 1 m long. Nodes glabrous, puberulous, or pilose. Sheath mouth glabrous to densely hairy. Ligule 0.2 – 0.5 mm long. Blades linear, flat to folded, 4 – 40 cm by 2 – 18 mm, glabrous to pilose with bulbous-based hairs, base truncate to narrowly attenuate. Panicle (10 –) 20 – 40 cm long, common axis longer than the lowest branches, solitary to in whorls, at maturity appressed to spreading, scaberulous. Spikelets 2.5 – 5 mm long (excl. awn), callus hairs 0 – 0.5 mm long. First glume 2.5 – 5 mm long, shorter than to longer than the second glume, emarginate to mucronate. Second glume 2.5 – 5 mm long, apex acute to mucronate, arista 0 – 0.8 mm long. Lemma awn imperfect, column absent, arista thread-like, wavy, crinkly, or even looped, 6 – 15 mm long. Anthers 1 – 1.5 mm long. Distribution — Malesia: N Sumatra (Aceh, see note), Celebes (Minahassa, Makassar), Moluccas (Ambon, Ceram, Halma- hera), Philippines (Bohol, Leyte, Luzon, Mindanao, Visayan Isl.), New Guinea (Aru Isl.; widespread on the mainland; Bismarck Arch.), Australia (N Queensland). Habitat — Primary forest, on rocks, abandoned fields, grasslands, road sides, shaded forest, etc. 0 – 3200 m altitude. It would seem to be a facultative rheophyte. Collector’s notes — Growing in tussocks, culms leaning. Panicles narrow, more or less pendant, green, purplish green, purple. Anthers purple. Notes — Garnotia ledermanii is only known from the type collection, apparently lost in Berlin, for no material has been seen by later authors. Santos (1950: 37) included it in his unranked Patulae Santos together with C. patula (Munro) Benth. We agree from the description with Gould (1972: 554) that it probably is a depauperate G. stricta var. longiseta. On the same Kneucker sheet (and in the publication) the combination Garnotia stricta var. adscendens [Griseb.] Hack. was made based on G. adscendens [Munro] Griseb. (1868) 80, nom. nud. (based on Berghausia adscendens Munro (1865) 58 and G. stricta sensu Hook. f. (1896) 243: “ quae differt arista inferne geniculata sub geniculo torta, foliis laterioribus ”. Both names were not mentioned by Santos (1950), Bor (1960), or Chase & Niles (1962). Vouchers for Garnotia stricta var. breviaristata Stapf ex Hook. f. (incl. B. adscendens Munro var. breviaristata Munro and G. adscendens Munro var. breviaristata: Griffith 6783, Helfer s. n., Tenasserim, resp.) are in K and belong to G. tenella. Setulose glumes occur occasionally, e. g. in Wisse 69 from the Minahassa (BO, WAG).	en	Veldkamp, J. F., Teerawatananon, A., Sungkaew, S. (2015): A revision of Garnotia (Gramineae) in Malesia and Thailand. Blumea 59 (3): 229-237, DOI: 10.3767/000651915X689587, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651915x689587
0441AE080628E10FFFF4B71317A93B30.taxon	description	Garnotia ciliata Merr. var. conduplicata Santos (1944) 89. — Garnotia conduplicata (Santos) Santos (1950) 134. — Type: Hitchcock 19009 ½ (holo US 1106724; F). Garnotia fragilis Santos (1944) 89. — Type: Pételot 4745 (holo US 16100035, K 000943330, fragm.; NY, P). Garnotia brevifolia Ohwi (1947) 9. — Garnotia fragilis Santos var. brevifolia Santos (1950) 132. — Type: Bakhuizen v. d. Brink 4687 (holo BO; K 000290157, 000290169, L, US fragm.; B, PNH lost). Garnotia nitens Santos (1950) 127. — Type: Kerr 9956 (holo US; BM, K 000943328, 000943329, SING, UC). Garnotia fragilis Santos var. parcitorta Santos (1950) 132. — Type: SF 628 (‘ 638 ’) (Haniff) (holo K 000290156, ‘ paucitorta ’; SING). Garnotia pahangensis Santos (1950) 133. — Type: Seimund 435 (holo K 000290155; SING). Garnotia ciliata Merr. forma latifolia Santos (1950) 134. — Type: Hitchcock 19009 ­ A (holo US 1106725, fragm. in K). Garnotia ciliata Merr. forma paupercula Santos (1950) 134. — Type: CCC 2968 (Levine & McClure) (holo US 1625596). Garnotia ciliata Merr. forma glabriuscula Santos (1950) 135. — Type: Hitchcock 19009 ­ B (holo UC 279296). Berghausia adscendens Munro, ined. Garnotia patula auct. non (Munro) Benth. Garnotia stricta auct. non Brongn. For a more extensive synonymy see Gould (1972: 528 – 529). Plants perennial, sometimes annual. Culms erect to decumbent and rooting in the nodes, branched at base and along the culm, 0.15 – 0.75 (– 0.9) m long. Nodes glabrous to pilose. Sheath mouth glabrous to sparsely hairy. Ligule 0.3 – 0.5 (– 1.5) mm long. Blades linear, flat, (3 –) 5 – 18 cm by 3 – 17 mm, glabrous to pilose, sometimes with bulbous-based hairs, base rounded to narrowly attenuate. Panicle (5 –) 8 – 34 cm long, common axis longer than the lowest branches, branches fascicled, sometimes solitary, at maturity appressed to erecto-patent, smooth or scaberulous. Spikelets (2 –) 3 – 4.3 (– 6.5) mm long (excl. awn), callus puberulous, sometimes glabrous, callus hairs 0 – 0.7 mm long. Glumes subequal, (2 –) 3 – 4.3 (– 6.5) mm long, acute to aristate, arista 0 – 5 mm long. Lemma awn apical, perfect, geniculate well above the base, column twisted, 0.5 – 3 mm long. Lemma arista 4 – 12 mm long. Anthers 0.4 – 1.2 mm long. Distribution — Oman (see note), Nepal, Bhutan, Sikkim, India (widespread), Burma, to S China (Guangdong, Yunnan). Thailand: Northern: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lampang, Phitsa- nulok, Tak; North-eastern: Loei; Eastern: Nakhon Ratchasima (Korat); South-western: Kanchanaburi, Ratchaburi; Central: Bangkok, Nakhon Nayok; Eastern: Trat; Peninsular: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Phangnga, Phattalung, Trang; South-eastern: Trat; Malesia: Malay Peninsula (Kedah, Pahang, fide Turner 1997), Sumatra, Java, Lesser Sunda Isl. (Sumbawa). Habitat — Along path in humid deciduous forest, mixed evergreen / pine forest, forest with much bamboo, fire prone areas, along streams, ditches, waterfalls, on tree trunks, rocks, 400 – 2300 m altitude. Collector’s notes — Annual. Rhizomes present. Culms tuft- ed, glossy pale green, often with brownish or reddish hue. Leaves dull, pale to dark green above, paler green underneath. Inflorescence axes green. Glumes pale green, straw coloured, with green nerves. Lemmas, paleas white. Awns brownish in lower 1 / 3 – 1 / 2, upper part white. Filaments white. Anthers dark violet. Ovary white. Styles, stigmas dark violet. Notes — It might be argued that Miquel did not really accept B. tenella as a distinct species, and so the combination is invalid: “ vix tamen sufficienti characterum valore genuina species consenda ”. Yet, he gave a fairly extensive description and we accept it here as validly described. We have the impression that this is a facultative rheophyte forming more or less well-developed tufts, which may give the impression of the plants being annual. Apparently very rare in Malesia and known from single collections, only: Sumatra (West Sumatra, Payakumbu, Meijer 7428, L) with glumes and lemmas with exceptionally long aristas, Java from the Preanger, Wanayasa, on the slopes of Gn. Burangrang (Bakhuizen v. d. Brink 4687, BO, K, L, US), and Sumbawa (N. W. slope of the G. Batulanteh, Kostermans 18528, A, BO, K, L). Much overlooked is the occurrence on the Jebel Qamar, Dhafur Prov., Oman (Cope 2007, as G. stricta). We have seen specimens or photographs of Cope 694 (K), McLeish 2860 (K), Miller & Nyberg 9241 (E, K), 9264 ­ B (E, K), 9309 ­ A (E, K). The plants are quite young and smaller than seen elsewhere, suggesting annuals that started flowering early. They have a perfect awn, although often with an inconspicuous and barely notably tortuous column, while in 9264 ­ B the arista is hair-like and wavy to curled as in G. stricta var. longiseta. The vegetation in which they were found is the Hybantho durae­ Anogeissetum dhofaricae association, a deciduous monsoon forest community found only in the Dhofar region of South-western Oman and the Al-Mahra region of Southeast Yemen. Because the plants were found in five different places in September 1989 and October 1993 at altitudes between 700 and 1000 m, it seems to us that they represent a native, not introduced taxon and that this is a Western, very disjunct outlier of the genus. Garnotia ciliata was previously only known from Loh Fau Mountain, Guangdong, S China, but mentioned by Teerawatananon (2009) for Chiang Mai. Analyses with DELTA (Dallwitz et al. 1993) found no differences with the widespread G. tenella, which solves the ‘ disjunction’. The types of G. ciliata Merr., G. conduplicata (Santos) Santos, var. glabriuscula Santos, forma latifolia Santos, and forma paupercula Santos were all collected on the same mountain, sometimes even on the same date. Glabrous and setulose glumes also occur in G. stricta var. longiseta. It is remarkable that Santos for these sole four collections distinguished five different taxa!	en	Veldkamp, J. F., Teerawatananon, A., Sungkaew, S. (2015): A revision of Garnotia (Gramineae) in Malesia and Thailand. Blumea 59 (3): 229-237, DOI: 10.3767/000651915X689587, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651915x689587
0441AE08062AE10FFFF4B29B15EF3E00.taxon	distribution	Distribution — Thailand, Pen.: Trang, Kao Soi Dao, only known from the type. Habitat — Open patch in evergreen forest, c. 800 m altitude (Gould misread the ‘ c. 800 m’ as ‘ 1,800 m’). Note — Gould suggested that this might be a giant G. tenella, but overall it is more similar to G. patula (Munro) Benth.	en	Veldkamp, J. F., Teerawatananon, A., Sungkaew, S. (2015): A revision of Garnotia (Gramineae) in Malesia and Thailand. Blumea 59 (3): 229-237, DOI: 10.3767/000651915X689587, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651915x689587
0441AE08062AE10FFFF4B788168E3D8B.taxon	description	Plants perennial. Culms erect, geniculate at base and rooting in the decumbent nodes, branched along the culm, c. 0.5 m long. Nodes puberulous. Sheath mouth densely hairy. Ligule 0.5 – 1 mm long. Blades linear, flat, 3 – 6 cm by 4.5 – 6.5 mm, glabrous, base abruptly narrowed. Panicle 8 – 10 cm long, common axis shorter than the lowest branches, branches solitary, at maturity patent, smooth. Spikelets 4 – 4.5 mm long (excl. awn), callus hairs 0.5 – 0.9 mm long. First glume 4 – 4.5 mm long, subequal to longer than the second glume, acuminate. Second glume 3.75 – 4 mm long, apex acuminate to mucronate, arista 0 – 0.5 mm long. Lemma awn apical, imperfect, column absent, arista thread-like, wavy to crinkly, 11 – 15 mm long. Anthers c. 0.7 mm long. — Type: Veldkamp 7175 (holo L; BO). Distribution — Only known from the type from Sumatra, East Coast, Samosir Isl. Habitat — Secondary forest along trail near rivulet, c. 950 m altitude. Notes — Gould (1972: 427) accounted for only 4 taxa with curly, fine awns which range from Celebes to N Australia and into the Pacific. The collection West of the Wallace Line (Veldkamp 7175, BO, L) from Samosir Isl. in N Sumatra is highly aberrant for its fairly weak habit, basally geniculate culms, rooting at the decumbent nodes, short leaves, and inflorescences with a short common axis and wavy, more or less patent branches that gives a first impression of an Arthraxon P. Beauv. In some specimens of G. tenella from Oman the arista is wavy to curled and even looped as well.	en	Veldkamp, J. F., Teerawatananon, A., Sungkaew, S. (2015): A revision of Garnotia (Gramineae) in Malesia and Thailand. Blumea 59 (3): 229-237, DOI: 10.3767/000651915X689587, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651915x689587
