identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
041F8786FF9CFF9556E8FBA5C43FF16E.text	041F8786FF9CFF9556E8FBA5C43FF16E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nesorohyla Pinheiro & Kok & Noonan & Means & Haddad & Faivovich 2019	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> NESOROHYLA GEN. NOV.</p>
            <p> Type species:  Hyla kanaima Goin &amp; Woodley, 1969 . </p>
            <p>Diagnosis: (1) Enlarged prepollex, not modified as a projecting spine; (2) reduced fringes on fingers and toes; (3) nuptial pads present, light-coloured, on inner margin of Finger II (digits numbered as Fabrezi &amp; Alberch, 1996) and inner metacarpal tubercle; (4) two small calcar tubercles; (5) dorsal coloration overall brownish; (6) iris of adults are black under natural light conditions; (7) tadpole oral disc with short, anterior and posterior gaps on marginal papillae; (8) three emarginations on the posterior labium; (10) labial tooth row formula (LTRF) 2(2)/4[1]; (11) eggs entirely pigmented.</p>
            <p> Included species:  Nesorohyla kanaima (Goin &amp; Woodley, 1969) new combination . </p>
            <p> Sister taxon: Obtained in alternative, weakly supported (&lt;50% jackknife) positions as the sister taxon of  Myersiohyla or as the sister taxon of  Hyloscirtus +  Bokermannohyla +  Aplastodiscus +  Boana . </p>
            <p> Etymology: The name  Nesorohyla is derived from the combination of Greek roots nesos (island) and oros (mountain), and the classical genus  Hyla , meaning  Hyla from the mountain island. It is an allusion to the geologic formation where the species is found: the tepuis in northern South America, which are usually referred to as altitude islands. The gender is feminine. </p>
            <p>Characterization: The only species included in this genus was also characterized by Duellman &amp; Hoogmoed (1992) and MacCulloch &amp; Lathrop (2005).</p>
            <p> Comparison with other genera of  Cophomantini : From the characters employed in the diagnosis, the only putative autapomorphies of  Nesorohyla so far seem to be the completely pigmented ovum (Duellman &amp; Hoogmoed, 1992; Faivovich et al., 2013) and, possibly, the coloration of the iris in adults (described as black by MacCulloch &amp; Latrop, 2005). Field experience of some of the authors shows that under natural light conditions, the iris of adults appears to be black. This is because it is so densely coloured with melanin that it is not distinguishable from the pupil, unless one shines a bright light on it. For this reason, we refer to the iris of  Nesorohyla kanaima as being black. The value of the generic diagnoses that are not based on synapomorphies is extremely limited, as they are of actual use only for species already known to be included in those genera—and on the basis of which the generic diagnosis is made—but have no predictive value for the inclusion of new species. We provide below a comparison of  Nesorohyla , based on the diagnostic characters, with all other genera of  Cophomantini . </p>
            <p> The occurrence of completely black ova and black iris in adults differentiates  Nesorohyla from all other genera of  Cophomantini . The reduced fringes on fingers and toes differentiate  Nesorohyla from all species of  Hyloscirtus (Faivovich et al., 2005; Rivera-Correa &amp; Faivovich, 2013). The absence of a prepollical spine differentiates  Nesorohyla from most species in the genera  Boana and  Bokermannohyla (Faivovich et al., 2005) . The small, light-coloured nuptial pad differentiates  Nesorohyla from  Myersiohyla (dark coloured simple or double nuptial pads covering the medial margin of Finger II, including Prepollex and Metacarpal II; Faivovich et al., 2013). The calcar with two small tubercles distinguishes  Nesorohyla from  Myersiohyla [calcar absent in  M. aromatica (Ayarzagüena &amp; Señaris, 1994) ,  M. chamaeleo ,  M. inparquesi (Ayarzagüena &amp; Señaris, 1994) ,  M. liliae , and  M. neblinaria ; calcar as a transversal ridge on the heel in  M. loveridgei (Rivero, 1961; Ayarzagüena &amp; Señaris, 1994; Kok, 2006; Faivovich et al., 2013)]. The overall dorsal brownish coloration differentiates  Nesorohyla from  Aplastodiscus and most species in the  Hyloscirtus bogotensis group (overall green, with only one brown species in  Aplastodiscus ; Guayasamin et al., 2015; Berneck et al., 2016). </p>
            <p> The tadpoles of  Nesorohyla can be distinguished from those of  Myersiohyla by having an oral disc with short anterior and posterior gaps on marginal papillae (gaps absent in  M. aromatica ,  M. chamaeleo ,  M. inparquesi and  M. neblinaria ; Ayarzagüena &amp; Señaris, 1994; Faivovich et al., 2013); three emarginations on the posterior labium: one medial, two posterolateral (emarginations absent in  M. aromatica ,  M. chamaeleo and  M. inparquesi ; Ayarzagüena &amp; Señaris, 1994; Faivovich et al., 2013); LTRF 2(2)/4[1] (combined LTRF 4–16/ 7– 21 in  M. aromatica ,  M. chamaeleo ,  M. inparquesi and  M. neblinaria ; Ayarzagüena &amp; Señaris, 1994; Faivovich et al., 2013). </p>
            <p> Call description: The call of  Nesorohyla kanaima from the Wokomung Massif is normally composed of a single note (N = 6). However, a call of two notes was recorded once. The notes have a pulsatile structure, with 1–5 poorly resolved pulses, and their duration is 46–106 ms (80 ± 17 ms; N = 8). The call composed of two notes has a note interval of 141 ms. Seven calls were emitted in a 29.8 s interval (call rate of 14.08 calls/ min). The dominant frequency band occurs between 1872.2 and 2755.4 Hz, with peak frequency at 2239.5 Hz (N = 5) or 2411.7 Hz (N = 3). There is no modulation in frequency during the call. From the notes with peak frequency of 2411.7 Hz, one has two more harmonics (less energetic): one at 4823.4 Hz and the other at 7235.1 Hz (Fig. 4). Sometimes an acute groan preceded or was emitted after the call, but unfortunately these notes were not of suitable quality for analysis. </p>
            <p> Goin &amp; Woodley (1969) reported the call of  Nesorohyla kanaima from the type locality as composed of two notes of two to four pulses, with dominant frequency between 3400 and 3800 Hz. It is unclear if the differences between vocalizations from  Mt. Kanaima and Wokomung Massif are due to interpopulation variation, recording artefacts or if there is more than one species under the name  Nesorohyla kanaima . </p>
            <p> Comparison with other calls of basal  Cophomantini : From species of  Myersiohyla , the call of  Nesorohyla kanaima differs from those of  M. aromatica ,  M. inparquesi and  M. neblinaria , by having pulsatile structure with 1–5 poorly resolved pulses (6–11 pulses in those species combined; Ayarzagüena &amp; Señaris, 1994; Faivovich et al., 2013). From  M. liliae , it differs by having one to two notes (bout of 214–222 notes in  M. liliae ; Kok, 2006). From  M. chamaeleo , it differs by having the dominant frequency coincident with the fundamental frequency (dominant frequency at the second harmonic in  M. chamaeleo ; Faivovich et al., 2013). </p>
            <p> The call of  Nesorohyla kanaima can be differentiated from those of  Hyloscirtus alytolylax (Duellman, 1972) ,  H. colymba (Dunn, 1931) ,  H. mashpi (Guayasamin et al., 2015) ,  H. phyllognathus (Melin, 1941) ,  H. platydactylus (Boulenger, 1905) ,  H. simmonsi (Duellman, 1989) ,  H. torrenticola (Duellman &amp; Altig, 1978) ,  H. criptico Coloma, Carvajal-Endara, Dueñas, Paredes-Recalde, Morales-Mite, Almeida-Reinoso, Tapia, Hutter, Toral-Contreras &amp; Guayasamin, 2012 ,  H. pacha (Duellman &amp; Hillis, 1990) ,  H. staufferorum (Duellman &amp; Coloma, 1993) and  H. tapichalaca (Kizirian, Coloma &amp; Paredes-Recalde, 2003) by having 1–2 notes (calls emitted in bouts of 2–104 notes in those species combined; Duellman, 1972; Duellman &amp; Altig, 1978; La Marca, 1985; Duellman &amp; Coloma, 1993; Kizirian, Coloma &amp; Paredes-Recalde, 2003; Coloma et al., 2012; Guayasamin et al., 2015). From  H. jahni (Rivero, 1961) ,  H. palmeri (Boulenger, 1908) ,  H. torrenticola ,  H. antioquia (Rivera-Correa &amp; Faivovich, 2013) ,  H. criptico ,  H. larinopygion (Duellman, 1973) ,  H. pantostictus (Duellman &amp; Berger, 1982) ,  H. psarolaimus (Duellman &amp; Hillis, 1990) ,  H. staufferorum and  H. tapichalaca , it differs by the lack of frequency modulation (frequencies with ascending modulation in those species; Duellman &amp; Altig, 1978; La Marca, 1985; Duellman &amp; Coloma, 1993; Kizirian et al., 2003; Coloma et al., 2012; Rivera-Correa &amp; Faivovich, 2014; Rivera-Correa, Vargas-Salinas &amp; Grant, 2017). From  H. armatus (Boulenger, 1902) and  H. condor (Almendáriz, Brito, Batallas &amp; Ron, 2014) , the call of  N. kanaima differs by being shorter (note duration 46–106 ms in  N. kanaima , 160–240 ms in  H. armatus , 286–915 ms in  H. condor ; Duellman, De la Riva &amp; Wild, 1997; Almendáriz et al., 2014) and by its peak frequency (2239.5 or 2411.7 Hz in  N. kanaima ; 2500 or 4700 Hz in  H. armatus ; 770–1270 Hz in  H. condor ; Duellman et al., 1997; Almendáriz et al., 2014). </p>
            <p> Natural history: Few observations have been made on the biology of  Nesorohyla kanaima . Duellman &amp; Hoogmoed (1992) reported the absence of ponds on the slopes of  Mt. Roraima (limits between southeastern Venezuela, Guyana and north-eastern State of Roraima, Brazil), and associated this to the large oviducal eggs of females to suggest that probably the species reproduces in rivers and rivulets. MacCulloch &amp; Lathrop (2005) collected tadpoles and juveniles in a lentic riverine pond on Mt. Ayanganna. </p>
            <p> On the eastern flanks of  Mt. Roraima (Guyana), adults and a metamorph of  Nesorohyla kanaima were observed on arboreal branches at heights below 3 m, close to cascading mountain streams. In the pools of those streams, 1–1.5 m deep, there were plenty of densely black-coloured tadpoles. Frogs were found between 808 (5.267361˚N, 60.691389˚W) and 1244 (5.259207˚N, 60.720227˚W) m a.s.l. in the adjacent woodland habitats. In the same habitats also were found adults of  Boana lemai (Rivero, 1972) ,  B. roraima (Duellman &amp; Hoogmoed, 1992) ,  B. sibleszi ,  Oreophrynella macconelli Boulenger, 1900 ,  Otophryne robusta Boulenger, 1900 ,  Pristimantis cf. saltissimus ,  Stefania roraimae Duellman &amp; Hoogmoed, 1984 ,  Stefania sp. ,  Tepuihyla sp. and an unidentified bufonid. </p>
            <p> On the Wokomung Massif (Potaro-Siparuni, Guyana),  Nesorohyla kanaima was found to be the most abundant anuran between 708 to 1540 m a.s.l. in primary cloud forests. Expeditions passing through the north-eastern (5.13˚N, 59.81333˚W), north-western (5.110083˚N, 59.820583˚W), central (5.090278˚N, 59.838333˚W) and south-eastern (5.002222˚N, 59.879722˚W) regions of the Massif were conducted during June, July and December of different years. Adults and metamorphs were found perched from low bushes to branches up to three meters high along cascading streams and in adjacent forests. During the mid-year rainy season, dense aggregations of males were found in low vegetation next to, or overhanging, slow-water pools of the streams, or along small, swampy creeks. They were in cacophony, emitting their call composed of one whistled note (see call description above). Both sexes presented noxious smelling skin secretions that tasted bitter. On one occasion, five males of  N. kanaima were collected and kept in the same plastic bag as breeding males of  Boana lemai , whose skin secretions were perceived to be more pungently smelling and bitter tasting. Two hours later the specimens of  N. kanaima were dead, probably due to the skin secretions of  B. lemai that had foamed up in the bag. The specimens from the latter species were still alive. </p>
            <p> The black tadpoles were found at high density in almost all, small to large, streams visited. They were not fast swimmers and they were not schooling. No fish were observed in those streams, but two species of freshwater crabs were found as potential predators:  Kunziana irengis (Pretzmann, 1971) and  Microthelphusa meansi Cumberlidge, 2007 . Other frogs found in the same habitat of  Nesorohyla kanaima on the Wokomung Massif were  Adenomera lutzi Heyer, 1975 ,  Anomaloglossus beebei (Noble, 1923) ,  A. kaiei (Kok, Sambhu, Roopsind, Lenglet &amp; Bourne, 2006) ,  Atelopus hoogmoedi Lescure, 1974 ,  Boana lemai ,  B. roraima ,  B. sibleszi ,  Oreophrynella macconnelli ,  Otophryne robusta ,  O. steyermarki (Rivero, 1968) ,  Pristimantis dendrobatoides (Means &amp; Savage, 2007) ,  P. marmoratus (Boulenger, 1900) ,  P. saltissimus (Means &amp; Savage, 2007) ,  Stefania ayangannae (MacCulloch &amp; Lathrop, 2002) ,  S. coxi (MacCulloch &amp; Lathrop, 2002) ,  S. roraimae ,  Stefania sp. ,  Tepuihyla warreni (Duellman &amp; Hoogmoed, 1992) ,  T. exophthalma (Smith &amp; Noonan, 2001) and an unidentified bufonid. </p>
            <p> Distribution:  Nesorohyla kanaima is known from the Pakaraima Mountains in the Guiana Highlands, in eastern Venezuela (Estado Bolivar) and western Guyana (Cuyuni-Mazaruni District). It has been collected in Mt. Ayanganna (MacCulloch &amp; Lathrop, 2005),  Mt. Kanaima, (Goin and Woodley, 1969) ,  Mt. Roraima (Duellman &amp; Hoogmoed, 1992) ,Wokomung and Maringma-tepui (Kok &amp; Means, pers. obs.). </p>
            <p>Remarks: Our study of some adult male specimens [vouchers ROM (Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Canada) 39 575–76, 43 861, 43 871, from Mount Ayanganna, western Guyana] did not reveal a mental gland, but this needs to be corroborated histologically. The polarity of most phenotypic diagnostic characters is unclear, with the exception of the entirely pigmented ova and possibly of the black iris in adults (but see Discussion), which are putative autapomorphies of this new genus. Observations of metamorphosing individuals (Fig. 5A–C) show that the iris is black and speckled with silver, light bronze, and copper (as described in field notes on live specimens from both PJR Kok and DB Means). The pupil is slightly heart-shaped and is delimited by a bronze pupil ring. In adults it turns black to a point where the pupil is difficult to distinguish, unless shining a bright light on it (Fig. 5D–E).</p>
            <p> The tadpoles described by MacCulloch &amp; Lathrop (2005) were tentatively assigned to  Nesorohyla kanaima due to the presence of both juveniles and recently metamorphosed individuals, associated with the species by the colour pattern. The identification of these tadpoles was discussed by Faivovich et al. (2013), who raised the possibility of a misidentification. We obtained additional tadpoles from Wokomung Massif (IRSNB 16763) and the slopes of Maringma-tepui (IRSNB 16765) in Guyana for which identity with  Nesorohyla kanaima has been established by molecular analyses (PJR Kok, unpubl. data). These tadpoles are similar to those described by MacCulloch &amp; Lathrop (2005), leaving no doubt that these authors indeed described the tadpole of  Nesorohyla kanaima . </p>
            <p>The study of our tadpoles indicates that the first anterior tooth row (A1) does not have a medial gap as described by MacCulloch &amp; Lathrop (2005), but form a medial acute angle that we believe could had led those authors to misinterpret it as a medial gap. The LTRF on studied specimens varied from 2(2)/4 (N = 5) to 2(2)/4(1) (N = 8). Also, MacCulloch &amp; Lathrop (2005) stated that the oral disc of tadpoles from Mount Ayanganna is not emarginated. Our study of tadpoles from Maringma-tepui revealed the presence of three emarginations on the posterior labium: one medial and two posterolateral. The nostrils of studied specimens have a large, medial, fleshy projection, that when pushed against the nostril, almost closes it.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/041F8786FF9CFF9556E8FBA5C43FF16E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pinheiro, Paulo D. P.;Kok, Philippe J. R.;Noonan, Brice P.;Means, D. Bruce;Haddad, Célio F. B.;Faivovich, Julián	Pinheiro, Paulo D. P., Kok, Philippe J. R., Noonan, Brice P., Means, D. Bruce, Haddad, Célio F. B., Faivovich, Julián (2019): A new genus of Cophomantini, with comments on the taxonomic status of Boana liliae (Anura: Hylidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 185: 226-245
041F8786FF90FF905662FA93C7F4F290.text	041F8786FF90FF905662FA93C7F4F290.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Myersiohyla liliae (KOK 2006) Pinheiro & Kok & Noonan & Means & Haddad & Faivovich 2019	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> MYERSIOHYLA LILIAE (KOK, 2006) COMB. NOV.</p>
            <p> Hypsiboas liliae Kok, 2006: 192 , figs 1–4.  Hypsiboas liliae Kok — Kok &amp; Kalamandeen, 2008: </p>
            <p>172, fig. 112. — Faivovich, McDiarmid &amp; Myers,</p>
            <p> 2013: 51.  Boana liliae — Dubois, 2017: 28. </p>
            <p> Diagnosis:  Myersiohyla liliae can be diagnosed by the following combination of characters: (1) small snout–vent length in males (SVL 32.5–37.1 mm; females unknown); (2) granular skin on dorsum; (3) presence of an ulnar fold on forearm; (4) single, dark-coloured nuptial pad on Finger II, at the level of the subarticular tubercle between Metacarpal II and Proximal Phalanx; (5) overall coloration green with melanophores homogeneously distributed on the dorsum, ventral surfaces blue, translucent in the central portion of abdomen; in preservative all surfaces become whitish; (6) white parietal peritoneum; (7) advertisement call composed of a sequence of notes that increase in intensity and rate, as the interval between notes diminishes; (8) dominant frequency of the notes 3.24–3.94 kHz (Kok, 2006). </p>
            <p>Characterization: See Kok (2006) for a thorough description of the type series.</p>
            <p> Comparison with other species of  Myersiohyla : The SVL in males of  M. liliae (32.5–37.1 mm; Kok, 2006) distinguishes it from all other species of the genus, which are larger (combined SVL of males of  M. aromatica ,  M. chamaeleo ,  M. inparquesi ,  M. loveridgei and  M. neblinaria 42–52.3 mm; Rivero, 1961, 1972; Ayarzagüena &amp; Señaris, 1994; Faivovich et al. 2013). The dorsal granular skin distinguishes  M. liliae from all the other species of  Myersiohyla (dorsal skin smooth; Rivero, 1961, 1972; Ayarzagüena &amp; Señaris, 1994; Kok, 2006; Faivovich et al., 2013). The presence of an ulnar fold on the forearm distinguishes  M. liliae from  M. chamaeleo (ulnar fold absent in this species; Kok, 2006; Faivovich et al., 2013). Whereas  M. liliae has a single nuptial pad on Finger II (Fig. 6D),  M. aromatica ,  M. chamaeleo and  M. loveridgei have two pads (Ayarzagüena &amp; Señaris, 1994; Kok, 2006; Faivovich et al., 2013), and  M. inparquesi and  M. neblinaria have a single, larger nuptial pad, which covers dorsally the prepollex and Finger II (Ayarzagüena &amp; Señaris, 1994; Faivovich et al., 2013). The only other species reported to present an overall greenish coloration is  M. chamaeleo , which also has stellated melanophores (Faivovich et al., 2013). The melanophores in  M. liliae are less concentrated and more homogeneously distributed than in  M. chamaeleo (Fig. 6A, B; compare with figs 4 and 7 in Faivovich et al., 2013). The remaining species of  Myersiohyla have a brownish dorsum that can be marbled with copper (  M. aromatica ), or darker hues (  M. loveridgei ), or have thin black reticulations (  M. inparquesi ), or spots (  M. neblinaria ; Rivero, 1961, 1972; Ayarzagüena &amp; Señaris, 1994; Faivovich et al., 2013). The white peritoneum is shared only with  M. chamaeleo ;  M. neblinaria has a translucent peritoneum (Faivovich et al., 2013). This character state is unknown in the other species of this genus. Finally, species of  Myersiohyla with described vocalizations (all but  M. loveridgei ) have calls with a long series of repeated notes; however, the call of  M. liliae has an increase in both intensity and rate of the call, while  M. aromatica ,  M. chamaeleo ,  M. inparquesi , and  M. neblinaria have a call with a constant interval between notes, and constant intensity (Ayarzagüena &amp; Señaris, 1994; Kok, 2006; Faivovich et al., 2013). The dominant frequency of the advertisement call of  M. liliae (3.24– 3.94 kHz; Kok, 2006) is higher than in the other Mysersiohyla species for which the advertisement call is known (combined values of dominant frequency of  M. aromatica ,  M. chamaeleo ,  M. inparquesi and  M. neblinaria 1.52–2.2 kHz; Ayarzagüena &amp; Señaris, 1994; Faivovich et al., 2013). </p>
            <p> Natural history: Specimens of  Myersiohyla liliae were collected calling from water-filled phytotelms of the bromeliad  Brocchinia micrantha (Baker, 1879) , but in a nearby locality males were heard calling from high elevation in trees close to a field of bromeliads of the same species (Kok, 2006). Whether the species actually reproduces in phytotelms remains unknown. Although the exact place of oviposition is unknown in the other species of  Myersiohyla , tadpoles of four species have been collected in streams (Ayarzagüena &amp; Señaris, 1994; Faivovich et al., 2013).  Myersiohyla aromatica and  M. chamaeleo have been reported to call from bromeliads, close to streams, and  M.neblinaria at least uses bromeliads for day retreat (Ayarazagüena &amp; Señaris, 1994; Faivovich et al., 2013). Five species of  Myersiohyla are known to perch on vegetation around streams in the flat-topped tepuis in southern Venezuela, at elevations above 900 m a.s.l. (Rivero, 1961, 1972; Ayarzagüena &amp; Señaris, 1994; Faivovich et al., 2013).  Myersiohyla liliae , however, is an inhabitant of primary forests at lower elevations (400– 550 m a.s.l.; Kok, 2006). There are observations of release of strong odors by  M. aromatica and  M. inparquesi (Ayarzagüena &amp; Señaris, 1994) ; none was noticed by the collectors in  M. liliae (PJR Kok and BP Noonan, pers. obs.). See Kok (2006) and Kok &amp; Kalamandeen (2008) for more information. </p>
            <p>Distribution: This species is known only in western Guyana, where it has been collected in the Potaro-Siparuni District (the Kaieteur Plateau), and in the Cuyuni-Mazaruni District (Imbaimadai). Kok (in Kok &amp; Kalamandeen, 2008) reported hearing calls from this species on the slopes of the Maringma-tepui at the Guyana – Brazil border, and suggested that the species is probably widespread in the Pakaraima (also spelled Pacaraima) Mountains of Guyana.</p>
            <p> Remarks: In the original description of  Boana liliae, Kok (2006) tentatively assigned the new species to  Boana (as  Hypsiboas ) and to the  B. punctata group, on the basis of its similarity with  B. cinerascens , although stressing that there were no putative synapomorphies for this association. Our results, instead, recover a strongly supported sistertaxon relationship with  Myersiohyla chamaeleo , supporting the association of that species with the genus  Myersiohyla . This placement, based on our molecular data, actually implies no incongruence with phenotypic evidence. </p>
            <p> Kok (2006) characterized  Boana liliae on the basis of the combination of 22 characters: (1) medium size (SVL 32.5–37.1 mm in adult males; females unknown); (2) skin of dorsum and belly thickly granular; (3) body slender; (4) head slightly wider than long, wider than body; (5) snout truncate in dorsal view and slightly protruding in lateral view, with strongly protuberant nostrils; (6) eyes large, prominent, palpebral membrane lacking reticulations; (7) tympanum large, round, approximately half the horizontal diameter of the eye; (8) supratympanic fold strongly visible, not or feebly obscuring the upper margin of the tympanum; (9) limbs long and slender; (10) axillary membrane absent; (11) subarticular tubercles on fingers single; (12) prepollex enlarged, not modified as a projecting spine; (13) nuptial pads present in males; (14) mental glands in males, small; (15) hands about one-fifth webbed, feet about four-fifths webbed; (16) ulnar fold distinct; (17) inner tarsal fold weak, tarsal tubercles absent; (18) heel tubercles and calcar absent; (19) cloacal sheath absent or very short; (20) in life, dorsal surfaces bright green to bright yellowish green during the day, greenish brown at night, ventral surfaces blue, translucent in the central portion of abdomen, iris silver with black periphery during the day, bronze at night; in preservative all surfaces become whitish; (21) peritoneum white; (22) advertisement call consisting of a long series of loud percussive notes gradually increasing in speed and loudness (call length about 60 s, up to seven notes per second). </p>
            <p> Most of these characters would allow an association with many species in most genera of  Cophomantini . A few of these, however, require comment. An enlarged prepollex not modified as a projecting spine [Character (Ch.) 12] is shared with  Nesorohyla ,  Myersiohyla ,  Hyloscirtus (except  H. condor ,  H. diabolus Rivera-Correa, García-Burneo &amp; Grant, 2016 and  H. tapichalaca ),  Aplastodiscus and some species of the  Boana semilineata group [  B. diabolica (Fouquet, Martinez, Zeidler, Courtois, Gaucher, Blanc, Lima, Souza, Rodrigues &amp; Kok, 2016),  B. geographica (Spix, 1824) ,  B. hutchinsi (Pyburn &amp; Hall, 1984) and  B. semilineata (Spix, 1824) ; Faivovich et al., 2006; Fouquet et al., 2016]. Nuptial pads (Ch.13) occur in  Myersiohyla ,  Nesorohyla , one species of  Aplastodiscus , some species of  Bokermannohyla ,  Hyloscirtus and the  Boana semilineata species group (Lutz, 1950; Ayarzagüena &amp; Señaris, 1994; Faivovich et al., 2006, 2013; Leite, Pezzuti &amp; Drummond, 2011; Coloma et al., 2012; Rivera-Correa &amp; Faivovich, 2013). The presence of a mental gland in males (Ch. 14) is shared with several species of  Boana , and also many species of  Aplastodiscus ,  Bokermannohyla ,  Hyloscirtus and  Myersiohyla (see Brunetti et al., 2014). The re-examination of the type series of  M. liliae shows the occurrence of several glandular acini in the mental region (Fig. 6C; IRSNB 1968). Cumuli of glandular acini were also found in other parts of the body, such as the margins of fingers and toes (Fig. 6B; IRSNB 1968): a histological analysis is required to corroborate whether these skin glands are sexually dimorphic. White peritonea (Ch. 21), the presence of iridophores on parietal or visceral peritonea, are reported in  Aplastodiscus , some species of  Boana of the  B. benitezi ,  B. faber ,  B. pellucens ,  B. pulchella and  B. punctata groups, the  Hyloscirtus bogotensis group and  Myersiohyla chamaeleo (Duellman, 1971; Lutz, 1973; Hoogmoed, 1979; Ruiz-Carranza &amp; Lynch, 1991; Garcia, 2003; Faivovich et al., 2005, 2006, 2013; Berneck et al., 2016). The advertisement call composed of a long series of notes (Ch. 22), as discussed above, is shared with all species of  Myersiohyla for which calls have been described. In fact, to our knowledge, in  Boana a similar call structure is present only in  B. faber (Wied-Neuwied, 1821) ,  B. pellucens (Werner, 1901) and  B. boans (Linnaeus, 1758) (  B. faber ,  B. pellucens , and  B. semilineata groups, respectively; Martins &amp; Haddad, 1988; Duellman, 2005). </p>
            <p> Our specimens of  M. liliae are from the Kaieteur Plateau (Potaro-Siparuni District, Guyana), and from Imbaimadai (Cuyuni-Mazaruni District, Guyana). The two localities are 110 km distant from each other, and the specimens have p -distances in 16S of 2.2–2.3% (Table 1). This is a considerable molecular intraspecific variation for the ribosomal gene 16S (see Fouquet et al., 2007), and suggests that variation in this species requires an assessment. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/041F8786FF90FF905662FA93C7F4F290	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pinheiro, Paulo D. P.;Kok, Philippe J. R.;Noonan, Brice P.;Means, D. Bruce;Haddad, Célio F. B.;Faivovich, Julián	Pinheiro, Paulo D. P., Kok, Philippe J. R., Noonan, Brice P., Means, D. Bruce, Haddad, Célio F. B., Faivovich, Julián (2019): A new genus of Cophomantini, with comments on the taxonomic status of Boana liliae (Anura: Hylidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 185: 226-245
