identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
0A35B411FFEEFF9C73F0085BFEF5FCB0.text	0A35B411FFEEFF9C73F0085BFEF5FCB0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scolopendra subspinipes Leach 1815	<div><p>Scolopendra subspinipes Leach, 1815, sensu stricto</p><p>Scolopendra subspinipes piceoflaoa Attems, 1938, syn. nov. Scolopendra subspinipes fulgurans Bücherl, 1946, syn. nov.</p><p>Distribution. Russia, India, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Singapore, Laos, Vietnam, Thailand, China, Hong Kong, Japan, Philippines, Indonesia, São Tomé, Príncipe, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Zanzibar, South Africa, Seychelles, Reunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar, Andaman Islands, Nicobar Islands, Pacific Islands, Bermuda, Central America, Caribbean Islands, Colombia, Guyana, French Guyana, Surinam, Brazil.</p><p>Description</p><p>(according to Attems, 1930)</p><p>General: Length up to 150 mm, colouration variable.</p><p>Head: No anterior transverse sulcus, from 4 to 9 (mostly 5-6) coxosternal teeth, antennomere with 18-19 (rarely just 17 or more than 19) articles, 4 1 / 2 to 6 of them are sparsely hirsute.</p><p>Tergites: Paramedian sulci start on tergite 3 (sometimes tergite 2 or more caudal), margination starts from tergit 5 to 16.</p><p>Sternites: Sternite 2 to 19 with two paramedian furrows (very weak at sternite 16 to 19).</p><p>Coxopleural process: 2 coxopleural spines (seldom only 1 or up to 3).</p><p>Locomotory legs: All legs with two accessory spurs, 20th pair of legs mostly with tarsal spur.</p><p>Prefemur of terminal legs: Ventral-lateral with 2 (rarely 1 or 3) spines, medial 1 or 2 and dorsal-medial 1 to 3 spines; prefemoral process with usually 2, rarely with 1 or 3-5 tips.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A35B411FFEEFF9C73F0085BFEF5FCB0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kronmüller, Christian	Kronmüller, Christian (2012): Review of the subspecies of Scolopendra subspinipes Leach, 1815 with the new description of the South Chinese member of the genus Scolopendra Linnaeus, 1758 named Scolopendra hainanum spec. nov. Spixiana 35 (1): 19-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16898632
0A35B411FFEDFF9C713A08C6FCC5FD91.text	0A35B411FFEDFF9C713A08C6FCC5FD91.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scolopendra subspinipes Leach 1815	<div><p>Scolopendra subspinipes piceoflaƲa Attems, 1938</p><p>Distribution. Indonesia.</p><p>Attems (1934) described the species with weak paramedian sulci on the tergites, only seen at the caudal end of tergit 3 to 20. In my opinion, the sulci are not weaker than in other subspecies. Sometimes, a short median sulcus can be seen on tergit 9 to 20. This character can also be observed for example in specimens of Scolopendra subspinipes subspinipes from Japan and also from the Philippines (Negros Island). The terminal legs have two ventral spines and one or two dorsal-median spines. The prefemoral process shows between 2 and 5 tips.</p><p>Scolopendra subspinipes piceoflaoa differs from Scolopendra subspinipes s. str. only in its colour as it is described with a reddish brown head capsule and first tergites, while the other tergites are dark brown with a lighter (or even yellowish) caudal border. In centipede taxonomy, colouration is not a reliable scientific character for distinguishing a species. Therefore it is herewith synonymized with Scolopendra subspinipes .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A35B411FFEDFF9C713A08C6FCC5FD91	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kronmüller, Christian	Kronmüller, Christian (2012): Review of the subspecies of Scolopendra subspinipes Leach, 1815 with the new description of the South Chinese member of the genus Scolopendra Linnaeus, 1758 named Scolopendra hainanum spec. nov. Spixiana 35 (1): 19-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16898632
0A35B411FFEDFF9D73DE09ECFD8FFB4D.text	0A35B411FFEDFF9D73DE09ECFD8FFB4D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scolopendra subspinipes subsp. fulgurans Bucherl 1946	<div><p>Scolopendra subspinipes fulgurans Bücherl, 1946</p><p>Distribution. Brazil.</p><p>Bücherl (1946) stated that beside Scolopendra oiridicornis Newport, 1844 the species Scolopendra subspinipes is the most common species in Brazil, especially in the southern parts. This might be interpreted as an argument for the introduction of this species to South America by ships from Asia. Nevertheless, in 1946 he described that common species found in Brazil as a new subspinipes subspecies Scolopendra subspinipes fulgurans, similar to Scolopendra subspinipes subspinipes but differing in colour from Brazil, South America. Since then, many myriapodologists assumed that Scolopendra subspinipes was introduced to South America by human activity. For that reason and the lack of clear differences to Scolopendra subspinipes sensu stricto I herewith synonymize S. s. fulgurans with Scolopendra subspinipes . As it wasn’ t possible to examine the type material (probably lost), I examined the Brazilian material of the Bavarian State Collection of Zoology, Munich (ZSM) which consists of two specimens labelled as Scolopendra subspinipes which key out as Scolopendra subspinipes fulgurans . One of them was in very good condition (ZSMA 20051154).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A35B411FFEDFF9D73DE09ECFD8FFB4D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kronmüller, Christian	Kronmüller, Christian (2012): Review of the subspecies of Scolopendra subspinipes Leach, 1815 with the new description of the South Chinese member of the genus Scolopendra Linnaeus, 1758 named Scolopendra hainanum spec. nov. Spixiana 35 (1): 19-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16898632
0A35B411FFECFF9D719D0FA5FC18F980.text	0A35B411FFECFF9D719D0FA5FC18F980.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scolopendra daaeydodffi Kronmüller 2012	<div><p>Scolopendra daaeydodffi nom. nov. (pro S. subspinipes cingulatoides Attems, 1938, as direct substitute)</p><p>Distribution. Vietnam, Laos.</p><p>Description</p><p>(according to Attems, 1938)</p><p>Attems executed an incomplete description of this species, but he stated that Scolopendra subspinipes cingulatoides unites the taxonomical characters of Scolopendra subspinipes and Scolopendra cingulata Latreille, 1829 . Although the only character he describes as cingulata -like is the shape and the thickness of the prefemur of the terminal legs. The relation between length and width, according to Attems, is 5.5:3.2 compared to Scolopendra subspinipes dehaani with 8:2.5 (both species from the same locality).</p><p>Scolopendra subspinipes cingulatoides also differs from the nominate subspecies by a coxopleural process which ends in 3 coxopleural spines and the spinulation of the prefemur of the terminal legs: 2 ventral spines, 4 medial and dorsal medial spines. The prefemoral process is 3-, seldom 4-tipped.</p><p>Lewis (2010) wrote in his new keys, that the relationship between Scolopendra cingulata and Scolopendra subspinipes cingulatoides should be observed. The two species can be clearly distinguished by the spinulation of the prefemur of the terminal legs: Scolopendra subspinipes cingulatoides has medial spines while Scolopendra cingulata lacks them, which supports the assumption that they are separate species.</p><p>For that reason, S. s. cingulatoides is raised to species level. As Scolopendra cingulatoides Newport, 1844 is a junior synonym of Scolopendra cingulata Latreille 1829, I herewith propose the name Scolopendra daaeydoffi nom. nov., in honour of Dr. C. Dawydoff the collector of this species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A35B411FFECFF9D719D0FA5FC18F980	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kronmüller, Christian	Kronmüller, Christian (2012): Review of the subspecies of Scolopendra subspinipes Leach, 1815 with the new description of the South Chinese member of the genus Scolopendra Linnaeus, 1758 named Scolopendra hainanum spec. nov. Spixiana 35 (1): 19-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16898632
0A35B411FFEAFF9B71C809FCFEABFC3D.text	0A35B411FFEAFF9B71C809FCFEABFC3D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scolopendra dehaani Brandt 1840	<div><p>Scolopendra dehaani Brandt, 1840 (stat. nov.)</p><p>Distribution. India, Burma, Bangladesh, Malay Peninsula, Andaman Islands, Nicobar Islands, China, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Thailand, Vietnam, Japan, Okinawa, Cambodia.</p><p>Scolopendra subspinipes dehaani, which is the largest subspecies (over 22 cm body length), is clearly separable from all other taxa of the Scolopendra subspinipes group by the absence of ventral spines at the prefemur of the terminal legs (see Fig. 3). As this character is stable, S. dehaani is revalidated at species level.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A35B411FFEAFF9B71C809FCFEABFC3D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kronmüller, Christian	Kronmüller, Christian (2012): Review of the subspecies of Scolopendra subspinipes Leach, 1815 with the new description of the South Chinese member of the genus Scolopendra Linnaeus, 1758 named Scolopendra hainanum spec. nov. Spixiana 35 (1): 19-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16898632
0A35B411FFEAFF9973E709FCFDF5FDFA.text	0A35B411FFEAFF9973E709FCFDF5FDFA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scolopendra japonica L. Koch 1878	<div><p>Scolopendra japonica L. Koch, 1878 (stat. nov.)</p><p>Otostigmus puncticeps Attems, 1953, syn. nov. Otostigmus politoides Attems, 1953, syn. nov.</p><p>Distribution. Japan, Taiwan, Cambodia.</p><p>Scolopendra japonica differs from S. subspinipes in the spinulation of the prefemur of the terminal legs, a prefemoral process with sometimes 2, but usually 3 spines, a coxopleural process with 2-3 spines and no tarsal spur on locomotory leg 20. In contrast to Scolopendra dehaani, it shows between 2 and 3 ventral spines at the prefemur of the terminal legs and differs from Scolopendra daaeydoffi by remarkable long and slender terminal legs instead of the cingulata -like short and thick legs of S. daaeydoffi (see, 1878</p><p>Lewis (2004) noticed, that the type material of Otostigmus puncticeps Attems, 1953 and Otostigmus politoides Attems, 1953 in the Naturhistorisches Museum in Wien (NHMW), was misidentified to generic level but shows clear characters of the genus Scolopendra . According to the latest keys, the species keys out as Scolopendra japonica . Because of the confusing situation of the S. subspinipes complex, Lewis (2004) proposed the synonymy of Otostigmus puncticeps and Otostigmus politoides with Scolopendra subspinipes without going down to subspecies level. Although the type material of both species consists of juvenile or adolescent stages (size from 24-33 mm, head capsule wider than the tergites, antennomeres with 17 segments and margination only seen in the end tergit), it shows some characters which clearly lead to Scolopendra japonica . The single holotype of Otostigmus puncticeps, the smaller specimen, has a short coxopleural process with 2-3 tips, 20 th pair of locomotory legs without tarsal spur and spinulation of the prefemur of the terminal legs is as follows:two ventrolateral, one medial and one or two dorsomedial spines. Otostigmus politoides (single holotype, 33 mm) shows a coxosternal process with 3 spines, the 20 th pair of locomotory legs without tarsal spur and the prefemur of the terminal legs with 3 ventrolateral, one medial and two dorsomedial spines. The prefemoral process shows 3 spines. I herewith propose to synonymize them with Scolopendra japonica, as the descriptions match most closely to this species. For that reason the occurrence of Scolopendra japonica in Cambodia has to be added. Further faunistic investigation should be made, to show whether the species occurs in other Asian countries as well.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A35B411FFEAFF9973E709FCFDF5FDFA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kronmüller, Christian	Kronmüller, Christian (2012): Review of the subspecies of Scolopendra subspinipes Leach, 1815 with the new description of the South Chinese member of the genus Scolopendra Linnaeus, 1758 named Scolopendra hainanum spec. nov. Spixiana 35 (1): 19-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16898632
0A35B411FFE8FF997185091CFCFAFA8A.text	0A35B411FFE8FF997185091CFCFAFA8A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scolopendra hainanum Kronmüller 2012	<div><p>Scolopendra hainanum spec. nov.</p><p>During my analysis of the Scolopendra subspinipes complex I got some living specimens from Hainan Island, China, which were labelled as Scolopendra subspinipes dehaani “tigerleg” but attracted attention by a constantly difference to all other known members of the genus Scolopendra: The new species has a heart-shaped (or even splitted) genital sternit 1 and to date, it looks like both sexes have a structure that resembles to a genital sternit 2. During mating attempts sexed males did not show visible gonopods like Scolopendra subspinipes and also no spinning organ could be seen.</p><p>Material. Holotype: 156 mm long, of unknown sex, (preserved in 70 % ethanol, deposited at the Bavarian State Collection of Zoology in Munich, ZSMA20110500 – the 12 th locomotory leg of the left side has been cutted off and preserved in 96 % ethanol for further DNA analysis), South China, Hainan Island near the city of Puqian, leg. Liu Meijun, 17 August 2010. – Additionally, 10 still living paratypes presently in the collection of the author, same collecting data as holotype.</p><p>Distribution. Hainan Island (possibly also occurring in South China (continent)).</p><p>Description</p><p>General: Scolopendra hainanum has dark brown (or even black) coloured tergites and orange-brown striped legs. The head capsule and first tergites are sometimes coloured reddish brown. It can grow up to a length of 230 mm.</p><p>Head capsule: The head capsule has no sulci but very fine punctated areas (see Fig. 1). The prefemoral teeth have 2(-3) apical tubercles and one medial tubercle which is clearly separated. On each side there are between 6-7 coxosternal teeth on a broad-based and wide toothplate. The coxosternum has no visible sulci. The antennomeres have between 17-19 segments of which 6 are glabrous (the antennomeres of the holotype seem to be damaged and have around 14-15 segments).</p><p>Tergites: Complete and good visible margination starts at tergite 5. Some specimens show light paramedian sulci starting on tergite 3 or 4 (the holotype without paramedian sulci). Tergite 21 is rounded smoothly without median keel, sulcus or depression.</p><p>Sternites: Starting on sternite 2 and ending on sternite 19 or 20, all sternites show nearly complete paramedian sulci. Sternite 21 long, gradually narrowed and caudally rounded. Some specimens show a longitudinal depression on sternite 21.</p><p>Coxopleural process: The coxopleural process is conically shaped, and usually 2-tipped (sometimes only 1 tip). A dense, small stripe-like pore area leads to the tip of the coxopleural process.</p><p>Locomotory legs: All locomotory legs have 2 accessory claws, legs 1-19 show 1 tarsal spine.</p><p>Terminal legs: The terminal legs are long and slender. The prefemur shows 1 ventrolateral spine, 1 ventromedial spine and 2 dorsomedial spines. The prefemoral process is 2-tipped.</p><p>Sexual organs: The specimens supposed to be males show neither visible gonopods nor a spinning organ, but all examined specimens show an anatomical structure that resembles a genital sternit 2. In all specimens, the genital sternit 1 is splitted into two valve-like parts (see Fig. 1d).</p><p>Remarks on Scolopendra multidens Newport, 1844</p><p>Scolopendra multidens once was supposed to be another subspecies of Scolopendra subspinipes . Chao (2008) treated it as a separate species.The spinulation of the prefemur of the terminal legs, the prefemoral process and also the coxopleural process exhibit clear differences to Scolopendra subspinipes . Another important fact is, that similar to Scolopendra hainanum, the males of Scolopendra multidens don’ t have visible gonopods.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A35B411FFE8FF997185091CFCFAFA8A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kronmüller, Christian	Kronmüller, Christian (2012): Review of the subspecies of Scolopendra subspinipes Leach, 1815 with the new description of the South Chinese member of the genus Scolopendra Linnaeus, 1758 named Scolopendra hainanum spec. nov. Spixiana 35 (1): 19-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16898632
