identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
B1407F66C39B5AC2B53FC18839181129.text	B1407F66C39B5AC2B53FC18839181129.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Adenocalymma comosum DC. (Candolle 1845	<div><p>1. Adenocalymma comosum DC. (Candolle 1845: 209)</p><p>Figs 1, 2, Table 1</p><p>Adenocalymma nitidum Mart. ex DC. (Candolle 1845: 200), syn. nov. – Type: BRAZIL – Rio de Janeiro • Magé, near Mandioca farm; Aug. 1817; von Martius CFP 39; lectotype (designated by Udulutsch et al. 2013: 633): M [M-0086336]; isolectotype: M [M-0086337] .</p><p>Adenocalymma comosum var. nitidum (Mart. ex DC.) Bureau &amp; K. Schum. (Schumann 1896: 89, as “ nitida ”) – Type: same as for Adenocalymma nitidum .</p><p>Adenocalymma comosum var. lanceolatum Bureau &amp; K. Schum. (Schumann 1896: 90, as “ lanceolata ”), syn. nov. – Type: BRAZIL – Rio de Janeiro • Rio de Janeiro: Tijuca Forest, Queimado hill; 17 Apr. 1870; A. M. Glaziou 4126; lectotype (designated by Udulutsch et al. 2013: 633): P [P 00594790]; isolectotype: R [R 000011389] .</p><p>Bignonia comosa Cham. (Chamisso 1833: 693), nom. illeg. non B. comosa Roxb. (Roxburgh 1832: 103) .</p><p>Type</p><p>BRAZIL • s. loc.; s. d.; Sellow s. n.; lectotype (designated by Udulutsch et al. 2013: 632): K [K 000449335]; isolectotype NY [NY 00313142] .</p><p>Distribution and ecology</p><p>Adenocalymma comosum is known from the states of Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, and São Paulo, Brazil (Fig. 2). This species is found in ombrophilous Atlantic Forest remnants, from coastal plains to the base of the “ Serra do Mar. ”</p><p>Additional material examined</p><p>BRAZIL – Rio de Janeiro • Baía de Guanabara; 26 Aug. 1962; Pabst 7029; NY [NY 00402976], MO, PEL [0001064] • Carapebus; 16 Jul. 1997; Silva 4058; R • Duque de Caxias; 30 Sep. 1931; Brade 11156; MO [MO 081857], R • Duque de Caxias; 28 Jul. 1938; Passarelli 135; MO [MO 031531] • Guapimirim; 6 Sep. 2013; Fonseca 207; SPF [SPF 00213333] • Guapimirim; 6 Sep. 2013; Fonseca 208; SPF [SPF 00213334] • Guapimirim; 6 Sep. 2013; Fonseca 209; SPF [SPF 00213331] • Guapimirim; 14 Mar. 1992; Guedes 2275; RB [RB 00559392], SPF [SPF 00223019] • Guapimirim; 25 Mar. 1992; Vaz 961; MBM [MBM 352581], RB [RB 00559235] • Ilha Grande; 16 Aug. 2009; Maidi 988; RB • Itaipuassú; 14 Jan. 1982; Andreata 354; RB [RB 00678536], RB [RB 00054240] • Itatiaia; 23 Apr. 1941; Barros 267; RB [RB 00473168, RB 00479620, RB 00533448] • Itatiaia; 26 Sep. 1940; Barros 3111; RB • Itatiaia; 7 May 1942; Barros 88; RB • Itatiaia; 27 Apr. 1995; Braga 2343; ESA, RB [RB 00533210] • Mage ́; 25 Sep. 1985; Guedes 1313; RB [RB 00054402] • Mangaratiba; 16 Jul. 2003; Bayão Jr. 12; HRCB • Mangaratiba; 16 Jul. 2003; Bayão Jr. 13; HRCB • Mangaratiba; 27 Dec. 2004; Bayão Jr. 132; HRCB • Mangaratiba; 13 Aug. 2003; Bayão Jr. 32; HRCB • Mangaratiba; 16 Jul. 2003; Menezes 1097; HRCB, RB [RB 00006235] • Mangaratiba; 17 Jul. 2000; Menezes 34; HRCB • 31 Jul. 2001; Mangaratiba; Menezes 844; HRCB, RB [RB 00007576] • Mangaratiba; 14 Jul. 1983; Pace 12; HRCB, RB [RB 00002784] • Marica ́; 23 Dec. 2001; Barros 1098; RB [RB 00866361], RFFP [RFFP 00015476] • Miguel Pereira; 1 Apr. 2015; Lima 7962; RB [RB 00958082] • Niteroi; 6 Aug. 2003; Barros 2037; RB [RB 00534838], RFFP [RFFP 00017132] • Niteroi; 1 Aug. 1998; Barros 634; RB [RB 00534812], RFFP [RFFP 00015604] • Nitero ́ i; 7 Aug. 2001; Barros 1079; RB [RB 00534865], RFFP [RFFP 00016768] • Nitero ́ i; 14 Jul. 2006; Barros 2682; RB [RB 00534883], RFFP [RFFP 00017467] • Nitero ́ i; 26 Dec. 2005; Barros 2955; RB [RB 00519021] • Nova Friburgo; 11 Jan. 1985; Gentry 49480; MO [MO 031518], RB [RB 00003094] • Nova Friburgo; 11 Jan. 1985, Gentry 49482; MO [MO 031517] • Nova Iguac ̧ u; 20 Jun. 1995; Silva Neto 627; RB • Paraty; 29 Jun. 1995; Campos 58; RB [RB 00054330] • Paraty; 19 Oct. 1990; Frutuoso 106; RB • Paraty; 11 Apr. 1991; Giordano 1016; RB [RB 00054092], VIC • Paraty; 3 Jul. 1992; Giordano 1338; RB [RB 00054178] • Paraty; 29 Jun. 1993; Konno 177; RB [RB 00686187] • Paraty; 3 Aug. 1989; Kurtz 73; RB [RB 00054052], VIC • Paraty; 21 Nov. 1989; Marques 157; RB [RB 00686230] • Paraty; 27 Sep. 1991; Marquete 404; IBGE [IBGE 00029499], RB [RB 00686263] • Paraty; 27 Apr. 1993; Marquete 804; RB [RB 00054133] • Paraty; 8 Jun. 2006; Silva-Castro 1022; HUEFS [HUEFS 110123], HUESB [HUESB 00003384] • Petrópolis; Aug. [year unknown]; Dionisio 828; RB • Petrópolis; Feb. 1966; Duarte 9676; RB [RB 00054212, RB 1296204] • Petrópolis; Aug. [year unknown]; Góes 828; RB [RB 00054251] • Petrópolis; 30 Jun. 1943; Góes 204; RB [RB 00054032] • Petrópolis; 5 Sep. 1977; Mautone 392; RB [RB 00302862] • Pirai ́; 7 Oct. 1988; Barbosa 1049; HRCB, RB [RB 00004798], UEC • Resende; 9 Apr. 1928; Kuhlmann 212; RB [RB 00533450] • Rio das Ostras; Mar. 2006; Oliveira 922; RB [RB 00485298] • Rio das Ostras; Mar. 2006; Oliveira 928; RB [RB 00515619] • Rio de Janeiro; 9 Apr. 1970; Caroche 2; RB • Rio de Janeiro; 18 Oct. 1931; Cruz 32; R • Rio de Janeiro; 28 Sep. 1964; Flaster 1154; R • Rio de Janeiro; 1951; Heringer s. n.; RB • Rio de Janeiro; 17 May 1930; Kuhlmann 1695; RB • Rio de Janeiro; 3 Aug. 1931; Kuhlmann s. n.; RB • Rio de Janeiro; 14 Jul. 1920; Kuhlmann s. n.; RB • Rio de Janeiro; 3 Aug. 2015; Mattos 157; RB [RB 00990397] • Rio de Janeiro; 21 Dec. 1999; Nunes 326; R • Rio de Janeiro; 13 May 1945; Occhioni 131; RB [RB 00054051], RFA [RFA 00034275] • Rio de Janeiro; 12 Jul. 1946; Occhioni 589; RB [RB 00054125] • Rio de Janeiro; 23 Feb. 1959; Pereira 4488; RB [RB 00054202] • Rio de Janeiro; 22 Aug. 2000; Santos s. n.; RB • Rio de Janeiro; 28 Jul. 1957; Souza s. n.; RB • Rio de Janeiro; 28 May 1958; Sucre 3827; RB • Rio de Janeiro; 4 Jan. 1969; Sucre 4302; RB [RB 00054174] • Rio de Janeiro; 4 Nov. 1969; Sucre 4312; RB [RB 00054121] • Rio de Janeiro; 9 Apr. 1970; Sucre 6600; RB [RB 00054211] • Rio de Janeiro; 1 Dec. 1971; Sucre 8020; RB [RB 00054147] • Rio de Janeiro; 19 Apr. 1972; Sucre 8843; MO [MO 081859], RB [RB 00054149] • Rio de Janeiro; 9 Aug. 1958; Pereira 16; R • Silva Jardim; 6 Sep. 2012; Pace 229; SPF [SPF 00212041] • Silva Jardim; 6 Sep. 2012; Pace 230; MO, SPF [SPF 00212042] . – São Paulo • Caraguatatuba; 29 Jun. 1956; Kuhlmann 3838; SP [SP 058035] • Ilhabela; 26 Mar. 1990; Souza 3175; ESA • Ubatuba; 21 Oct. 2006; Aranha 352; UEC [UEC 139370] • Ubatuba; 21 Oct. 2006; Aranha 353; UEC [UEC 139371] • 2 Jul. 2007; Luize 2; HRCB .</p><p>Nomenclatural notes</p><p>Here we recognize A. comosum as a valid species and remove the taxon as a synonym of A. acutissimum . We also remove the taxa A. nitidum and A. comosum var. lanceolatum as synonyms of A. acutissimum and transfer them to A. comosum, following the new species delimitation. The recognition of A. comosum does not change the status of the former basionym Bignonia comosa Cham., which is an illegitimate name as stressed by Turner (2015).</p><p>Taxonomic notes</p><p>Adenocalymma comosum resembles morphologically both A. acutissimum and A. grandifolium Mart. ex DC. and can be recognized by the presence of the lianescent habit (vs shrubby in A. grandifolium), prophylls falcate (vs straight in A. grandifolium), inflorescence axes, bracts, bracteoles, and calyx indument drying dark brown (vs drying cinereous in A. acutissimum and ferruginous in A. grandifolium), bracts and bracteoles conspicuous (i. e. ≥ 12 mm long) (vs reduced in A. grandifolium, &lt;12 mm long), corolla yellow and infundibular (vs pale yellow and tubular in A. grandifolium), and anthers and stigma included in the corolla tube (vs exserted or at the corolla mouth) (Table 1). The characters described for A. comosum are shared with A. nitidum and A. comosum var. lanceolatum, justifying a circumscription of A. comosum including these taxa as synonyms.</p><p>The importance of the inflorescence axes, bracts, bracteoles, and calyx indument as a relevant character to separate A. acutissimum and A. comosum is highlighted by the phylogenomic results obtained for Adenocalymma . Both species were sampled ( A. acutissimum as A. acutissimum 2 – voucher Monguillot 149, SPF – and A. comosum as A. acutissimum 1 – voucher Fonseca 208 SPF) and they emerged in different lineages within the Atlantic Forest clade and were never recovered as sister species using plastid, mitochondrial, or nuclear genomes (Fonseca and Lohmann 2018, 2020, in prep.; Fig. 1).</p><p>Geographically, A. comosum and A. grandifolium are partially sympatric, occupying the same ombrophilous forests, with A. grandifolium reaching up to 1200 m elevation in “ Serra da Mantiqueira. ” Adenocalymma acutissimum can be found in the ombrophilous Atlantic Forest remnants in the states of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, being more common on the slopes of “ Serra do Mar. ” Possible sympatric populations of both species can occur close to the border between the states of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, with individuals of both A. acutissimum and A. comosum found in the same municipalities (Fig. 2).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B1407F66C39B5AC2B53FC18839181129	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Fonseca, Luiz Henrique M.;da Silva Ribeiro, Ricardo	Fonseca, Luiz Henrique M., da Silva Ribeiro, Ricardo (2026): Taxonomic novelties in Adenocalymma (Bignonieae, Bignoniaceae) endemic to the Atlantic Forest. Plant Ecology and Evolution 159 (1): 3-11, DOI: 10.5091/plecevo.172513
2D83EB6C6941588F80ADBE885B40586F.text	2D83EB6C6941588F80ADBE885B40586F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Adenocalymma darwinii L. H. Fonseca 2026	<div><p>2. Adenocalymma darwinii L. H. Fonseca sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 1, 2, 3, 4, Table 2</p><p>Type</p><p>BRAZIL – Espírito Santo • Santa Teresa, Cabeceira do 25 de Julho; 17 Aug. 2005; fl.; Kollmann 8228; holotype: MBML [MBML 00009099]; isotype: SPF [SPF 00199077] .</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Adenocalymma darwinii resembles A. hirtum (Mart. ex DC.) Bureau &amp; K. Schum. and A. salmoneum J. C. Gomes. It shares with A. hirtum the hirsute indumentum on the branches, petioles, petiolules, major veins of the leaflets, inflorescence axis, bracts, bracteoles, and calyx. However, it can be differentiated by the presence of slightly gibbous corolla with narrow aperture, and exserted anthers and stigma. It shares with A. salmoneum the slightly gibbous corolla with narrow aperture, cupular trichomes at the apex of the corolla, and exserted anthers and stigma. However, it can be differentiated by the scandent shrub-like habit (vs lianescent), the hirsute indumentum on the branches, petioles, petiolules, major veins of the leaflets, inflorescence axis, bracts, bracteoles, and calyx (vs glabrous), linear bracts (vs elliptic), yellow corolla (vs orange), and the anthers and stigma exserted or at the corolla mouth (vs included in the corolla tube).</p><p>Description</p><p>Shrub to scandent shrub, up to 3.5 m tall. Stems terete, brown, with striated bark, with elliptic lenticels; branchlets terete, hirsute, with eglandular trichomes simple or rarely branched, interpetiolar region without glandular fields; prophylls of the axillary buds narrow-elliptic, 9 × 1.3 mm, hirsute, with eglandular trichomes simple, with glandular trichomes cupular, ca 0.5 mm diam. Leaves 3 - foliolated, with the terminal leaflet not modified into a tendril; petioles 10.1–75.6 mm long; petiolules terete, with variable lengths, central petiolules ca 57 mm long, lateral petiolules ca 3 mm long, hirsute; leaflets elliptic or slightly obovate, apex acuminate to acute, base cuneate, symmetric, blade membranous, adaxial surface glabrous to slightly hirsute, with eglandular trichomes simple, abaxial surface hirsute with more trichomes on the veins, with eglandular trichomes simple, with glandular trichomes cupular sparsely distributed, first venation order pinnate, second venation order brochidodromous, third venation order reticulate, margins entire, straight, leaflets 10–24.1 × 2.3–7.0 cm. Inflorescence a branched lateral raceme, congested, main axis and pedicels hirsute, with eglandular trichomes simple or rarely branched; pedicels up to 4.8 mm long; floral bracts caducous, or covering young buds, linear, chartaceous, 9.2 × 2 mm, hirsute, with eglandular trichomes simple and glandular trichomes cupular, ca 0.8 mm diam.; bracteoles caducous, persistent covering the buds, linear, membranous, 4.8–10.2 × 0.8 mm, with glandular trichomes, ca 0.4 mm diam. Calyx green, campanulate, 5 - lobed, coriaceous, 8.9–11 × 6–7.5 mm, hirsute, with eglandular trichomes simple or branched, with glandular trichomes cupular, 0.5–0.7 mm diam. Corolla yellow, tubular to slightly gibbous, membranous, with nectar guides, 33–50.2 mm long, 8–9 mm at the portion of maximum width, 2 mm wide at the base, pubescent, with eglandular trichomes, and cupular trichomes at the apex, lobes orbicular, 3.0 × 5 mm diam. Androecium attached at 10.2 mm from the base, shorter filaments 45 mm long, longer filaments 62 mm long, staminode ca 4 mm long, glabrous, hirsute at insertion, with glandular trichomes stipitate, anthers 6 × 0.8 mm, exserted. Gynoecium ca 32–64 mm long; ovary cylindrical, 3.2 × 1.4 mm, glabrous; style ca 61 mm long, glabrous; stigma lanceolate, 2.3 × 1.5 mm, exserted. Fruit unknown.</p><p>Distribution and ecology</p><p>Adenocalymma darwinii is only known from the type locality in Espírito Santo state, Brazil (Fig. 2). This species is found in the understory of seasonally semi-deciduous Atlantic Forest remnants.</p><p>Phenology</p><p>The species was collected bearing flowers in August and September.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>We are describing Adenocalymma darwinii to celebrate the great British naturalist, Dr Charles Darwin. Known as one of the fathers of the theory of evolution by natural selection and the author of the book On the Origin of Species. His discoveries and insights inaugurated a new perspective on how biodiversity is perceived and understood. This tribute is also a reminder of the importance of his ideas and how influential they remain.</p><p>Preliminary IUCN conservation assessment</p><p>The species is only known from the type locality. Its conservation status is Data Deficient (DD) according to the IUCN criteria (IUCN 2012; IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee 2017) until more information about this new species is gathered during field studies and more populations are found. Meanwhile, the reduced population size and the anthropogenic pressure (see Fraga et al. 2019) at the only known locality would likely push this species towards extinction if conservation measures are not taken.</p><p>Additional material examined (paratypes)</p><p>BRAZIL – Espírito Santo • Santa Teresa, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-40.609722&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-19.838667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -40.609722/lat -19.838667)">Cabeceira do 25 de Julho</a>, 19°50’19.2”S, 40°36’35.0”W; 302 m; 11 Sep. 2024; fl.; Ribeiro 800; VIES • Sítio Recanto Feliz; 11 Aug. 2005; fl.; Fontana 1656; MBML [MBML 00008654] .</p><p>Taxonomic notes</p><p>The state of Espírito Santo in Brazil has 16 species of Adenocalymma (Fonseca and Lohmann 2019 a); however, A. darwinii is the only one with a hirsute indumentum and clearly differs from the morphologically similar A. hirtum by being a scandent shrub (vs liana), and by the presence of tubular corolla (vs infundibular) and exserted anthers and stigma (vs included in the corolla tube). Adenocalymma darwinii also differs from A. salmoneum by being a scandent shrub (vs liana) and by its yellow corolla (vs orange) (Table 2). Adenocalymma darwinii was included in the phylogenetic study and emerged as sister to A. apetiolatum L. H. Fonseca &amp; L. G. Lohmann (Fonseca and Lohmann 2018; Fig. 1). The latter species is also an endemic of seasonally semi-deciduous Atlantic Forest remnants in Espírito Santo, however, markedly differs from A. darwinii due to the presence sessile leaves and gibbous corollas.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2D83EB6C6941588F80ADBE885B40586F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Fonseca, Luiz Henrique M.;da Silva Ribeiro, Ricardo	Fonseca, Luiz Henrique M., da Silva Ribeiro, Ricardo (2026): Taxonomic novelties in Adenocalymma (Bignonieae, Bignoniaceae) endemic to the Atlantic Forest. Plant Ecology and Evolution 159 (1): 3-11, DOI: 10.5091/plecevo.172513
