identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
4E3D5623294A5EB7BBB07212EA1014B5.text	4E3D5623294A5EB7BBB07212EA1014B5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Synopeas abdominator (Fouts 1925)	<div><p>Synopeas abdominator (Fouts)</p><p>Leptacis abdominator Fouts, 1925: 101, 102 (original description).</p><p>Synopeas abdominator (Fouts): Masner and Muesebeck 1968: 98 (generic transfer, type information); Vlug 1995: 75 (catalogued).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4E3D5623294A5EB7BBB07212EA1014B5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	von Gries, Sarah C.;Awad, Jessica;Talamas, Elijah J.;McMechan, Anthony J.;Koch, Robert L.;Lindsey, Amelia R. I.	von Gries, Sarah C., Awad, Jessica, Talamas, Elijah J., McMechan, Anthony J., Koch, Robert L., Lindsey, Amelia R. I. (2025): Synopeas ruficoxum Buhl (Hymenoptera, Platygastridae) is a natural enemy of soybean gall midge, Resseliella maxima Gagné (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 98: 721-742, DOI: 10.3897/jhr.98.163211
BE5A976C1E2653B4A21C091B59BD33A1.text	BE5A976C1E2653B4A21C091B59BD33A1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Synopeas craterum (Walker 1836) NHWM-HYM	<div><p>Synopeas craterum (Walker)</p><p>Platygaster Craterus Walker, 1835: 224 (original description).</p><p>Ectadius craterus (Walker, 1835) – Förster 1856: 113 (generic transfer).</p><p>Polymecus craterus (Walker, 1835) – Förster 1856: 144 (unnecessary replacement name); Marshall 1873: 19 (catalogued).</p><p>Synopeas Craterus (Walker): Thomson 1859: 71, 72 (generic transfer, description).</p><p>Synopeas craterus (Walker): Masner 1965: 141 (type information); Vlug and Graham 1984: 129 (lectotype designation); Vlug 1985: 205 (description of type, keyed); Vlug 1995: 77, 112 (catalogued, host information).</p><p>Synopeas craterum (Walker): Awad et al. 2023: 11, fig. 6 (mandatory change).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BE5A976C1E2653B4A21C091B59BD33A1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	von Gries, Sarah C.;Awad, Jessica;Talamas, Elijah J.;McMechan, Anthony J.;Koch, Robert L.;Lindsey, Amelia R. I.	von Gries, Sarah C., Awad, Jessica, Talamas, Elijah J., McMechan, Anthony J., Koch, Robert L., Lindsey, Amelia R. I. (2025): Synopeas ruficoxum Buhl (Hymenoptera, Platygastridae) is a natural enemy of soybean gall midge, Resseliella maxima Gagné (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 98: 721-742, DOI: 10.3897/jhr.98.163211
DD51F08CC0105D09985D57148ED29C8F.text	DD51F08CC0105D09985D57148ED29C8F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Synopeas ruficoxum Buhl 2006	<div><p>Synopeas ruficoxum Buhl</p><p>Figs 4, 5</p><p>Synopeas ruficoxa Buhl, 2006: 203, figs 38–41 (original description).</p><p>Synopeas ruficoxum Buhl: von Gries et al. 2025 (mandatory change).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Females. Body length: 1.7–2.1 mm (n = 10). Body color: black. Color of legs: coxae brown, otherwise yellow to brown. Color of mesoscutellar spine: concolorous with mesoscutellar disc.</p><p>Head. Shape of head in anterior view: round to ovoid (Fig. 4 A). Central keel: absent; present only between toruli. Sculpture on frons: reticulate microsculpture. Epitorular sculpture: reticulate microsculpture; minute rugulae. Number of clypeal setae: 4. Length of median pair of clypeal setae: longer than lateral pair. Arrangement of clypeal setae: median pair closer to each other than to lateral setae. Shape of mandible: bidentate. Distance between lateral ocellus and compound eye (OOL): greater than 1 ocellar diameter. OOL: LOL: 1: 1; 1: 1.2. Lateral ocellar depression: present posterolaterally. Hyperoccipital carina: absent or only faintly suggested medially. Hyperoccipital carina strength: indicated as sharp angle of vertex between lateral ocelli. Distance between lateral ocellus and hyperoccipital carina: greater than 1 ocellar diameter. Claval formula: 1-1 - 1 - 1.</p><p>Mesosoma. Epomial carina: present, complete, or nearly so. Pronotal cervical sulcus: smooth, glabrous. Anterior pronotal pit: present. Ventral pronotal pit: setose. Microsculpture of lateral pronotum: present anterodorsally, absent posteroventrally. Lateral pronotal sculpture coverage: 1 / 3–1 / 2. Setation of lateral pronotum: anteroventrally glabrous, otherwise uniformly sparse (Fig. 4 B). Mesoscutellar spine: short to moderately developed and pointed. Mesoscutellar spine in lateral view: pointing posteriorly, often with slight downcurve at tip. Origin of mesoscutellar spine: slightly below dorsal apex of mesoscutellum. Posterior margin of propodeal carina in lateral view: rounded. Mesosomal dorsum in lateral view: slightly convex. Scuto-scutellar sulcus: shallow, mesoscutum not elevated relative to mesoscutellum. Notauli: percurrent. Parapsidal line: indicated. Setation of mesoscutum: sparse. Mesoscutal lamella: short, truncate. Setation of mesoscutellum: sparse to absent, denser along posterior margin. Setal patch of dorsolateral hind coxa: present, long, extending dorsally to level of felt field.</p><p>Metasoma. Sculpture of T 2: faintly sculptured in posterior corners. Length of T 2: conspicuously shorter than mesosoma. Sculpture of T 3 to T 5: reticulate. Sculpture of T 6: entirely reticulate. Shape of T 6: triangular, 2.5 times as long as wide. Microsculpture of S 2: sculptured in posterior 1 / 3. Shape of S 2: slightly expanded ventrally. Sculpture of S 3 to S 5: reticulate. Shape of S 3: trapezoidal, approximately as wide as long. Shape of S 4: more than twice as long as wide. Shape of S 5: approximately twice as long as wide. Sculpture of S 6: entirely reticulate.</p><p>Wing. Length of setae on disc of fore wing: much shorter than distance between setal bases. Density of setae on disc of fore wing: sparse. Arrangement of setae on disc of fore wing: uniformly setose distally, proximally sparser. Fore wing marginal setae: uniformly very short.</p><p>Males. Unknown.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Synopeas ruficoxum and S. craterum have distinctly elongate T 4 and T 5, both at least twice as long as wide (Figs 4 C, D), as opposed to S. abdominator and S. zaitama, in which T 4 is only slightly longer than wide. In S. ruficoxum, the mesoscutellar spine is well-developed, originating below the dorsal apex of the mesoscutellum, and points posteriorly, often with a downward curve at the tip. This sets it apart from S. craterum, which has a very short spine originating at the dorsal apex of the mesoscutellum, and from S. abdominator, in which the short, straight spine is angled posterodorsally. The posterior half of the lateral pronotum is smooth in S. ruficoxum, whereas it is sculptured in S. zaitama . The sculpture of the ventral metasoma is more extensive in S. ruficoxum than in S. abdominator, which has no sculpture on S 6.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>The original description compared S. ruficoxum to S. auripes (Ashmead, 1893) and S. ashmeadii Dalla Torre, 1898, neither of which shares its metasomal structure. Such comparisons are of little relevance and demonstrate the importance of examining specimens rather than relying solely on written descriptions. This is particularly relevant for very old descriptions because many authors provided too little detail for accurate diagnosis, and there may even be significant errors in the provided text and illustrations.</p><p>The species epithet refers to the color of the coxae, which tend to be much lighter than the rest of the body (Fig. 5 A, B). However, in some specimens the coxae are dark brown and the appendages are darker overall (Fig. 5 C). Coloration can be altered by specimen age and preservation history, and also exhibits natural variation in many species. Due to this variability, coloration is not a reliable diagnostic character for most Synopeas species.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Synopeas ruficoxum Buhl, holotype female, NHMD 918361, Canada, New Brunswick, Carleton Co, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.40556&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=46.11354" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.40556/lat 46.11354)">Meduxnekeag River (near Belleville)</a> 46.11354 ° N, 67.40556 ° W 10–15. VII. 2005 Malaise trap 2 J. Bonet, M. Forshage, R. Hovmöller (ZMUC) . Other material: 28 females, USA: Nebraska, FSCA 00033404 –00033407 (CNCI); FSCA 00033408 –00033411 (USNM); FSCA 00033412 –00033419 (UMSP); FSCA 00033420 –00033428, 00034119 (FSCA); BOLD Vouchers: BIOUG 32277 -G 12, BIOUG 26568 -F 09 . The list of materials examined is also provided in Table 1.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DD51F08CC0105D09985D57148ED29C8F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	von Gries, Sarah C.;Awad, Jessica;Talamas, Elijah J.;McMechan, Anthony J.;Koch, Robert L.;Lindsey, Amelia R. I.	von Gries, Sarah C., Awad, Jessica, Talamas, Elijah J., McMechan, Anthony J., Koch, Robert L., Lindsey, Amelia R. I. (2025): Synopeas ruficoxum Buhl (Hymenoptera, Platygastridae) is a natural enemy of soybean gall midge, Resseliella maxima Gagné (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 98: 721-742, DOI: 10.3897/jhr.98.163211
9ACCC29AF6F754B185FE7029D44884FD.text	9ACCC29AF6F754B185FE7029D44884FD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Synopeas zaitama Yoshida & Hirashima 1979	<div><p>Synopeas zaitama Yoshida &amp; Hirashima</p><p>Synopeas zaitama Yoshida &amp; Hirashima, 1979: 129–131, figs 43–49 (original description); Vlug 1995: 83 (catalogued).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9ACCC29AF6F754B185FE7029D44884FD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	von Gries, Sarah C.;Awad, Jessica;Talamas, Elijah J.;McMechan, Anthony J.;Koch, Robert L.;Lindsey, Amelia R. I.	von Gries, Sarah C., Awad, Jessica, Talamas, Elijah J., McMechan, Anthony J., Koch, Robert L., Lindsey, Amelia R. I. (2025): Synopeas ruficoxum Buhl (Hymenoptera, Platygastridae) is a natural enemy of soybean gall midge, Resseliella maxima Gagné (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 98: 721-742, DOI: 10.3897/jhr.98.163211
