identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
124987CE6314FFDD8E33FE61F63BF969.text	124987CE6314FFDD8E33FE61F63BF969.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ulva australis Areschoug	<div><p>3.1 Ulva australis Areschoug</p><p>From the analysis of the data obtained from the Lagoon of Venice, we report U. australis Areschoug (Figure 5) as established in the area between Celestia and Certosa Island, with a good MaQI index. However, the latest samplings also report it in more inland areas of the lagoon, including Porto S. Leonardo and ST14, and with a poor MaQI index.</p><p>According to Sfriso et al. (2023), U. australis is now the most widespread NIS in the Lagoon of Venice. It is possible that the species growth is being aided by the decrease in the lagoon ’ s trophic conditions.</p><p>This Indo-Pacific species was introduced in the Mediterranean Sea by mollusc farming and recorded, as U. pertusa Kjellman, from the Thau Lagoon (France) (Cormaci et al. 2004), the Gulf of Naples (Flagella et al. 2010) and the Lagoon of Venice (Manghisi et al. 2011). ITS1 and rbc L data of U. pertusa from Spain suggested their synonymy with U. australis (Couceiro et al. 2011) . Wolf et al. (2012) confirmed the presence of U. australis in the Lagoon of Venice by analyses based on rbc L and tuf A markers.</p><p>Womersley (1984) reported U. laetevirens among synonyms of U. australis, pointing out that the sizes of cells of the lectotype of U. laetevirens were superimposable to those of U. australis . Subsequently, Phillips (1988) considered U. australis to be a synonym of U. rigida .</p><p>Furthermore, molecular investigations performed by Kraft et al. (2010) have demonstrated that U. rigida was distinct from U. australis . The recent phylogenetic analysis of rbc L gene sequences by Hughey et al. (2021), supports the taxonomic synonymy between U. laetevirens and U. australis assumed by Womersley (1984).</p><p>In the Lagoon of Venice, Sfriso (2010a), probably following Phillips (1988), listed U. australis among synonyms of U. rigida . Santarelli (1931) listed Ulva lactuca f. laciniata (Wulfen) J. Agardh from Trani (Adriatic Sea), indicating the species is synonymous with U. australis Kützing; as reported by the author, this species was collected in Adriatic Sea also by Van Den Bosch, Kützing and Hauck.</p><p>Whereas Schiffner (Schiffner and Vatova 1938) labelled samples of U. lactuca var. laciniata (Wulfen) J. Agardh, including also the “ f. australis ” in the “ Vatova and Schiffner ” collection, hosted at the Natural History Museum of Venice. Observing these herbarium samples in the “ Vatova and Schiffner ” collection, we do not exclude the possibility that U. australis was already present in the Lagoon of Venice in the early 1990s.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/124987CE6314FFDD8E33FE61F63BF969	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Minicante, Research Article Simona Armeli;Melton, James T.;Spagnuolo, Damiano;Manghisi, Antonio;Genovese, Giuseppa;Morabito, Marina;Lopez-Bautista, Juan	Minicante, Research Article Simona Armeli, Melton, James T., Spagnuolo, Damiano, Manghisi, Antonio, Genovese, Giuseppa, Morabito, Marina, Lopez-Bautista, Juan (2025): A DNA barcode inventory of the genus Ulva (Chlorophyta) along two Italian regions: updates and considerations. Botanica Marina (Warsaw, Poland) 68 (1): 33-51, DOI: 10.1515/bot-2023-0071, URL: https://doi.org/10.1515/bot-2023-0071
124987CE6313FFDC8E11F881F158FAC4.text	124987CE6313FFDC8E11F881F158FAC4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ulva californica Wille	<div><p>3.2 Ulva californica Wille</p><p>We report the presence of Ulva californica Wille (Figure 4) in the most internal sites of the Lagoon of Venice, ST01 and</p><p>ST02. This species was first reported in 2012 in the historic centre of Venice by Wolf et al. (2012).</p><p>U. californica was first described in 1899 from La Jolla, California (Collins et al. 1899). Opinions about the original range of the species are very different (Wei et al. 2022), from a distribution limited to North America (Scagel 1989; Wolf et al. 2012) or wider, including European temperate coasts (Loughnane et al. 2008). New and numerous reports of this species have been made in different biogeographical areas through molecular data, including Japan (Kawai et al. 2007), New Zealand (Heesch et al. 2009), Italy (Wolf et al. 2012) and Australia (Kirkendale et al. 2013).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/124987CE6313FFDC8E11F881F158FAC4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Minicante, Research Article Simona Armeli;Melton, James T.;Spagnuolo, Damiano;Manghisi, Antonio;Genovese, Giuseppa;Morabito, Marina;Lopez-Bautista, Juan	Minicante, Research Article Simona Armeli, Melton, James T., Spagnuolo, Damiano, Manghisi, Antonio, Genovese, Giuseppa, Morabito, Marina, Lopez-Bautista, Juan (2025): A DNA barcode inventory of the genus Ulva (Chlorophyta) along two Italian regions: updates and considerations. Botanica Marina (Warsaw, Poland) 68 (1): 33-51, DOI: 10.1515/bot-2023-0071, URL: https://doi.org/10.1515/bot-2023-0071
124987CE6312FFDC8DADFA2FF708FBF8.text	124987CE6312FFDC8DADFA2FF708FBF8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ulva compressa Linnaeus	<div><p>3.3 Ulva compressa Linnaeus</p><p>The species was collected in the marine sites of Torre Faro (ST10 and ST11); in the Lagoon of Venice, Ulva compressa Linnaeus (Figure 5) was collected in Ottagono S. Pietro in Volta, Pellestrina, Lido and Porto S. Leonardo. Due to the high intraclade divergence, it is possible that this group represents a species complex (Melton and Lopez-Bautista 2021).</p><p>U. compressa is a very common marine green macroalga, distributed on the coasts of Asia, Europe, and America (Guiry and Guiry 2023), with a high intraspecific morphological plasticity, from the narrow, blade-like morphotype, to the foliose free-floating thallus (Liu and Melton 2021). The species could grow rapidly in eutrophic environments, accumulating massive biomass and causing notorious green tides (Blomster et al. 2002).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/124987CE6312FFDC8DADFA2FF708FBF8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Minicante, Research Article Simona Armeli;Melton, James T.;Spagnuolo, Damiano;Manghisi, Antonio;Genovese, Giuseppa;Morabito, Marina;Lopez-Bautista, Juan	Minicante, Research Article Simona Armeli, Melton, James T., Spagnuolo, Damiano, Manghisi, Antonio, Genovese, Giuseppa, Morabito, Marina, Lopez-Bautista, Juan (2025): A DNA barcode inventory of the genus Ulva (Chlorophyta) along two Italian regions: updates and considerations. Botanica Marina (Warsaw, Poland) 68 (1): 33-51, DOI: 10.1515/bot-2023-0071, URL: https://doi.org/10.1515/bot-2023-0071
124987CE6312FFD18E33FB3BF4D6F904.text	124987CE6312FFD18E33FB3BF4D6F904.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ulva flexuosa subsp. flexuosa Wulfen	<div><p>3.4 Ulva flexuosa subsp. flexuosa Wulfen</p><p>The only sample of Ulva flexuosa subsp. flexuosa Wulfen (SAM1165; Figure 4) was collected at the Lido station (suffi- cient MaQI Index) in the spring of 2019.</p><p>According to Cormaci et al. (2014), U. flexuosa colonizes several habitats, both sheltered and exposed; however, it is more common in brackish lagoon environments and in canals with poor water exchange (Cormaci et al. 2014).</p><p>In the Lagoon of Venice, Pignatti (1962), reported U. flexuosa (as Enteromorpha flexuosa) as a species characteristic of the photophilous community of Fucetum virsoidis, established on the north-eastern Adriatic rocky coasts in the presence of large tidal ranges, low average temperatures, low salinity, and eutrophic waters (Pignatti 1962).</p><p>Three subspecies of U. flexuosa were reported for the Lagoon of Venice by Sfriso et al. (2009): U. flexuosa Wulfen subsp. biflagellata (Bliding) Sfriso et Curiel, U. flexuosa Wulfen subsp. paradoxa (C. Agardh) M. J. Wynne and U. flexuosa Wulfen subsp. pilifera (Kützing) M. J. Wynne.</p><p>Herbarium Specimen Previous Name resulting Collectors Collection Country Region Exact site tuf A GenBank/BOLD code ID name from this study date accession number</p><p>PHL CB164 Ulva sp. Ulva sp. 2 Clara Bertuccio 24/06/2009 Italy Sicily Lake Ganzirri, ST01 GB# KM212027</p><p>BOLD# ITGRE020-11 PHL CB284 Ulva ohnoi Ulva ohnoi Clara Bertuccio 13/10/2009 Italy Sicily Lake Ganzirri, ST01 GB# MF544113</p><p>BOLD# GRAPP015-17 PHL CB174 Ulva sp. Ulva sp. 2 Clara Bertuccio 24/06/2009 Italy Sicily Lake Ganzirri, ST02 GB# KM212021</p><p>BOLD# ITGRE023-11 PHL CB175 Ulva sp. Ulva sp. 2 Clara Bertuccio 24/06/2009 Italy Sicily Lake Ganzirri, ST02 GB# KM212024</p><p>BOLD# ITGRE021-11 PHL CB182 Ulva lactuca Ulva lactuca Clara Bertuccio 24/06/2009 Italy Sicily Lake Ganzirri, ST03 GB# KM212025</p><p>BOLD# ITGRE016-11 PHL CB141 Ulva lactuca Ulva lactuca Clara Bertuccio 17/06/2009 Italy Sicily Lake Ganzirri, ST05 GB# KM212026</p><p>BOLD# ITGRE018-11 PHL CB203 Ulva lactuca Ulva lactuca Clara Bertuccio 14/07/2009 Italy Sicily Lake Ganzirri, ST05 GB# KM212022</p><p>BOLD# ITGRE017-11 PHL CB305 Ulva lactuca Ulva lactuca Clara Bertuccio 20/11/2009 Italy Sicily Lake Ganzirri, ST05 GB# MF544102</p><p>BOLD# GRAPP013-17 PHL SAM029 Ulva lactuca Ulva lactuca Simona Armeli Minicante 18/03/2010 Italy Sicily Lake Ganzirri, ST05 GB# KM212023</p><p>BOLD# ITGRE003-11 PHL CB278 Ulva ohnoi Ulva ohnoi Clara Bertuccio 13/10/2009 Italy Sicily Lake Ganzirri, ST06 GB# MF172088</p><p>BOLD# ITGRE019-11 PHL PhL665 Ulva sp. Ulva lacinulata Antonio Manghisi 09/03/2016 Italy Sicily Torre Faro, ST08 GB# MF544105</p><p>BOLD# GRAPP007-17 PHL PhL668 Ulva sp. Ulva lacinulata Antonio Manghisi 09/03/2016 Italy Sicily Torre Faro, ST08 GB# MF544109</p><p>BOLD# GRAPP008-17 PHL PhL669 Ulva sp. Ulva lacinulata Antonio Manghisi 09/03/2016 Italy Sicily Torre Faro, ST08 GB# MF544104</p><p>BOLD# GRAPP009-17 PHL PhL670 Ulva sp. Ulva lacinulata Antonio Manghisi 09/03/2016 Italy Sicily Torre Faro, ST08 GB# MF544103</p><p>BOLD# GRAPP010-17 PHL PhL671 Ulva sp. Ulva lacinulata Antonio Manghisi 09/03/2016 Italy Sicily Torre Faro, ST08 GB# MF544112</p><p>BOLD# GRAPP011-17 PHL PhL673 Ulva sp. Ulva lacinulata Antonio Manghisi 09/03/2016 Italy Sicily Torre Faro, ST08 GB# MF544111</p><p>BOLD# GRAPP012-17 PHL PhL654 Ulva sp. Ulva lacinulata Antonio Manghisi 09/03/2016 Italy Sicily Torre Faro, ST09 GB# MF544108</p><p>BOLD# GRAPP004-17 PHL PhL655 Ulva sp. Ulva lacinulata Antonio Manghisi 09/03/2016 Italy Sicily Torre Faro, ST09 GB# MF544107</p><p>BOLD# GRAPP005-17 Herbarium Specimen Previous Name resulting Collectors Collection Country Region Exact site tuf A GenBank/BOLD code ID name from this study date accession number</p><p>PHL SAM143 Umbraulva dangeardii Umbraulva dangeardii Simona Armeli Minicante 21/04/2010 Italy Sicily Torre Faro, ST09 GB# MF172091</p><p>BOLD# ITGRE007-11 PHL SAM144 Ulva sp. Ulva lacinulata Simona Armeli Minicante 21/04/2010 Italy Sicily Torre Faro, ST09 GB# MF544133</p><p>BOLD# GREVE003-17 PHL SAM202 Ulva sp. Ulva lacinulata Simona Armeli Minicante 10/06/2010 Italy Sicily Torre Faro, ST09 GB# MF172084</p><p>BOLD# ITGRE009-11 PHL VF135 Ulva sp. Ulva lacinulata Valeria Fiore 05/02/2010 Italy Sicily Torre Faro, ST09 GB# MF544110</p><p>BOLD# GRAPP014-17 PHL PhL662 Ulva compressa Ulva compressa Antonio Manghisi 09/03/2016 Italy Sicily Torre Faro, ST10 GB# MF544100</p><p>BOLD# GRAPP003-17 PHL PhL663 Ulva sp. Ulva lacinulata Antonio Manghisi 09/03/2016 Italy Sicily Torre Faro, ST10 GB# MF544106</p><p>BOLD# GRAPP006-17 PHL PhL658 Ulva compressa Ulva compressa Antonio Manghisi 09/03/2016 Italy Sicily Torre Faro, ST11 GB# MF544101</p><p>BOLD# GRAPP002-17 PHL SAM175 Umbraulva dangeardii Umbraulva dangeardii Simona Armeli Minicante 09/06/2010 Italy Sicily Torre Faro, ST12 GB# MF172090</p><p>BOLD# ITGRE008-11 PHL SAM283 Ulva laetevirens Ulva lacinulata Simona Armeli Minicante 28/06/2010 Italy Veneto Lagoon of Venice, GB# MF172085</p><p>Bocca di Porto di BOLD# ITGRE010-11</p><p>Lid o</p><p>PHL SAM047 Ulva australis Ulva australis Simona Armeli Minicante 22/03/2010 Italy Veneto Lagoon of Venice, GB# MF172078</p><p>Celestia BOLD # ITGRE004-11 PHL SAM051 Ulva linza “ Ulva linza / procera / prolifera ” Simona Armeli Minicante 22/03/2010 Italy Veneto Lagoon of Venice, GB # MF172089</p><p>Celestia BOLD# ITGRE005-11 ISMAR SAM1179 Ulva sp. Ulva compressa Simona Armeli Minicante 17/05/2019 Italy Veneto Lagoon of Venice, GB# OR734315</p><p>Isola della Certosa</p><p>ISMAR SAM1180 Ulva sp. Ulva australis Simona Armeli Minicante 17/05/2019 Italy Veneto Lagoon of Venice, GB# OR734321</p><p>Isola della Certosa</p><p>ISMAR SAM1182 Ulva sp. Ulva australis Simona Armeli Minicante 17/05/2019 Italy Veneto Lagoon of Venice, GB# OR734322</p><p>Isola della Certosa</p><p>PHL SAM518 Ulva australis Ulva australis Simona Armeli Minicante 09/05/2011 Italy Veneto Lagoon of Venice, GB# MF544131</p><p>Isola della Certosa BOLD# GREVE001-17 PHL SAM522 Ulva compressa Ulva compressa Simona Armeli Minicante 09/05/2011 Italy Veneto Lagoon of Venice, GB# MF544132</p><p>Isola della Certosa BOLD# GREVE002-17 ISMAR SAM1162 Ulva sp. Ulva compressa Simona Armeli Minicante 17/05/2019 Italy Veneto Lagoon of Venice, GB# OR734314</p><p>Lido (canale)</p><p>Herbarium Specimen Previous Name resulting Collectors Collection Country Region Exact site tuf A GenBank/BOLD code ID name from this study date accession number</p><p>ISMAR SAM1163 Ulva sp. Ulva compressa Simona Armeli Minicante 17/05/2019 Italy Veneto Lagoon of Venice, GB# OR734317 Lido (canale)</p><p>ISMAR SAM1164 Ulva sp. Ulva compressa Simona Armeli Minicante 17/05/2019 Italy Veneto Lagoon of Venice, GB# OR734316 Lido (canale)</p><p>ISMAR SAM1165 Ulva sp. Ulva fl exuosa subsp. fl exuosa Simona Armeli Minicante 17/05/2019 Italy Veneto Lagoon of Venice, GB# OR734311 Ido (canale)</p><p>ISMAR SAM1166 Ulva sp. Ulva sp. 1 Simona Armeli Minicante 17/05/2019 Italy Veneto Lagoon of Venice, GB# OR734320 Lido (canale)</p><p>PHL SAM357 Ulva compressa Ulva compressa Simona Armeli Minicante 30/06/2010 Italy Veneto Lagoon of Venice, GB# MF172081 Ottagono S. BOLD# ITGRE013-11</p><p>Pietro in Volta</p><p>ISMAR SAM1173 Ulva sp. Ulva compressa Simona Armeli Minicante 17/05/2019 Italy Veneto Lagoon of Venice, GB# OR734319 Pellestrina</p><p>ISMAR SAM1176 Ulva sp. Ulva compressa Simona Armeli Minicante 17/05/2019 Italy Veneto Lagoon of Venice, GB# OR734318 Pellestrina</p><p>ISMAR SAM1133 Ulva sp. Ulva lactuca Simona Armeli Minicante 18/09/2018 Italy Veneto Lagoon of Venice, St. 1 GB# OR734313</p><p>ISMAR SAM1138 Ulva sp. Ulva californica Simona Armeli Minicante 18/09/2018 Italy Veneto Lagoon of Venice, St. 1 GB# OR734309</p><p>ISMAR SAM1074 Ulva sp. “ Ulva linza / procera / prolifera ” Simona Armeli Minicante 24/05/2018 Italy Veneto Lagoon of Venice, St. 10 GB # OR734307</p><p>ISMAR SAM1076 Ulva sp. “ Ulva linza / procera / prolifera ” Simona Armeli Minicante 24/05/2018 Italy Veneto Lagoon of Venice, St.10 GB # OR734308</p><p>ISMAR SAM1086 Ulva sp. Ulva australis Simona Armeli Minicante 24/05/2018 Italy Veneto Lagoon of Venice, St. 14 GB# OR734323</p><p>ISMAR SAM1142 Ulva sp. Ulva lactuca Simona Armeli Minicante 18/09/2018 Italy Veneto Lagoon of Venice, St. 2 GB# OR734312</p><p>ISMAR SAM1143 Ulva sp. Ulva californica Simona Armeli Minicante 18/09/2018 Italy Veneto Lagoon of Venice, St. 2 GB# OR734310</p><p>PHL SAM315 Ulva laetevirens Ulva lacinulata Simona Armeli Minicante 30/06/2010 Italy Veneto Lagoon of Venice, Porto GB# MF172086 S. Leonardo BOLD# ITGRE011-11</p><p>PHL SAM316 Ulva australis Ulva australis Simona Armeli Minicante 30/06/2010 Italy Veneto Lagoon of Venice, Porto GB# MF172079 S. Leonardo BOLD# ITGRE012-11</p><p>PHL SAM361 Ulva compressa Ulva compressa Simona Armeli Minicante 30/06/2010 Italy Veneto Lagoon of Venice, Porto GB# MF172080 S. Leonardo BOLD# ITGRE014-11</p><p>PHL SAM369 Ulva lactuca Ulva lactuca Simona Armeli Minicante 30/06/2010 Italy Veneto Lagoon of Venice, Porto GB# MF172082 S. Leonardo BOLD# ITGRE015-11</p><p>PHL RM0089 Ulva torta Ulva torta Ramzi Miladi 28/06/2014 Tunisia Chaffar, Sfax GB# MF614794 BOLD# TUGRE013-17</p><p>PHL RM0279 Ulva ohnoi Ulva ohnoi Ramzi Miladi 10/08/2015 Tunisia Gabes GB# MF614793 BOLD# TUGRE012-17</p><p>PHL RM0287 Ulva sp. Ulva chaugulei Ramzi Miladi 10/08/2015 Tunisia Gabes GB# OR773464</p><p>PHL RM0067 Ulva compressa Ulva compressa Ramzi Miladi 01/06/2014 Tunisia Kerkennah GB# MF614783 BOLD# TUGRE007-17</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/124987CE6312FFD18E33FB3BF4D6F904	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Minicante, Research Article Simona Armeli;Melton, James T.;Spagnuolo, Damiano;Manghisi, Antonio;Genovese, Giuseppa;Morabito, Marina;Lopez-Bautista, Juan	Minicante, Research Article Simona Armeli, Melton, James T., Spagnuolo, Damiano, Manghisi, Antonio, Genovese, Giuseppa, Morabito, Marina, Lopez-Bautista, Juan (2025): A DNA barcode inventory of the genus Ulva (Chlorophyta) along two Italian regions: updates and considerations. Botanica Marina (Warsaw, Poland) 68 (1): 33-51, DOI: 10.1515/bot-2023-0071, URL: https://doi.org/10.1515/bot-2023-0071
124987CE631DFFD38D83FF52F13FFB4A.text	124987CE631DFFD38D83FF52F13FFB4A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ulva lacinulata (Kutzing) Wittrock	<div><p>3.5 Ulva lacinulata (Kützing) Wittrock</p><p>The presence of U. lacinulata (Kützing) Wittrock (Figure 4) is confirmed in the marine sites ST09 and ST10 of Torre Faro and in the channel connecting Lake Ganzirri to the sea (ST08). The presence of U. lacinulata from the Lagoon of Venice is reported in Porto S. Leonardo and Bocca di Porto di Lido. These samples had been previously identified as U. laetevirens by Armeli Minicante (2013), being genetically conspecific with U. laetevirens from Australia (type area, Port Phillip, South Australia) (Kirkendale et al. 2013).</p><p>According to Hughey et al. (2021), U. lacinulata is the correct name to apply to the globally [excluding European] distributed species that was previously but incorrectly known as U. rigida . In Europe, both the genuine U. rigida and U. lacinulata occurs; however, according to the distribution based on DNA sequences reported by Hughey et al. (2021), at present, U. rigida appears to be restricted to the European north-eastern Atlantic Ocean, whereas U. lacinulata – variously reported either as U. rigida or U. laetevirens – is distributed further in the Mediterranean Sea.</p><p>In the Lagoon of Venice, U. lacinulata was already reported as U. lactuca f. lacinulata by Schiffner and Vatova (1938) and Pignatti (1962). Sfriso (1987) and later (Sfriso 2010b; Sfriso and Curiel 2007), referring to Bliding (1968), listed U. lactuca f. lacinulata as a synonyms of U. rigida .</p><p>Furthermore, the comparison of the sequences from Tunisia published by Miladi et al. (2018) showed that U. lacinulata was previously labelled as U. laetevirens in Monastir, Sousse and Tabarka sites (Figure 4) for the same reason stated above (Kirkendale et al. 2013).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/124987CE631DFFD38D83FF52F13FFB4A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Minicante, Research Article Simona Armeli;Melton, James T.;Spagnuolo, Damiano;Manghisi, Antonio;Genovese, Giuseppa;Morabito, Marina;Lopez-Bautista, Juan	Minicante, Research Article Simona Armeli, Melton, James T., Spagnuolo, Damiano, Manghisi, Antonio, Genovese, Giuseppa, Morabito, Marina, Lopez-Bautista, Juan (2025): A DNA barcode inventory of the genus Ulva (Chlorophyta) along two Italian regions: updates and considerations. Botanica Marina (Warsaw, Poland) 68 (1): 33-51, DOI: 10.1515/bot-2023-0071, URL: https://doi.org/10.1515/bot-2023-0071
124987CE631DFFD28D83FABDF115FCE8.text	124987CE631DFFD28D83FABDF115FCE8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ulva lactuca Linnaeus	<div><p>3.6 Ulva lactuca Linnaeus</p><p>Samples of U. lactuca Linnaeus (Figure 4) were collected in stations ST1, ST2, and Porto San Leonardo, all three falling within the inner part of the Lagoon of Venice, a poor-quality area according to the MaQI index. In Lake Ganzirri, the species was collected in ST05.</p><p>According to Hughey et al. (2019), the holotype of U. lactuca is the species previously called U. fasciata in the subtropical area and U. lobata in the eastern Pacific Ocean. The current distribution of U. lactuca confirmed by DNA sequences is in the eastern (Australia) and northern (India) Indian Ocean, central (Hawai ’ i, USA) and temperate southeast (Chile, Peru), southwest (Australia), and northwest (South Korea, Japan) Pacific Ocean, warm temperate eastern (Azores) and western Atlantic Ocean (including the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Florida, USA) and the eastern (Egypt, Israel) and western (Italy) Mediterranean Sea (Hughey et al.</p><p>2019). The presence of this species in the two sites in Italy, in Capo Peloro Lagoon and the Lagoon of Venice (Miladi et al. 2018), might be due to recent introductions as both sites have anthropogenic impacts, also according to Hughey et al. (2019). However, their introduction date might be older. The first record of U. lactuca in the Lagoon of Venice dates to 1987 as U. fasciata (Sfriso 1987); in 1938, Schiffner reported as “ U. fasciata Delile […] has also been collected in the Adriatic at Makarska (Dalmatia); is rare and is often confused with U. lactuca” (Schiffner and Vatova 1938) .</p><p>3.7 “ Ulva linza / procera / prolifera ”</p><p>Samples of “ U. linza / procera / prolifera ” (Figure 4) were collected in spring at the ST 10 in 2018 and at Celestia station in 2010 (Table 1), with a poor and good MaQI Index, respectively. The latter specimen had previously been identified by Armeli Minicante (2013) as U. linza (Supplementary Table 2).</p><p>ITS sequence data obtained by Brodie et al. (2007) showed Ulva procera (Ahlner) Hayden, Blomster, Maggs, Silva, Stanhope et Waaland as conspecific with typical Ulva linza Linnaeus. Furthermore, Kang et al. (2014) note that several authors regard U. procera as a separate species from U. linza (Heesch et al. 2009; Kirkendale et al. 2013; Saunders and Kucera 2010).</p><p>The lectotype of U. prolifera O. F. Müller is a drawing in Müller (Müller 1778), the epitype was designated and sequences for the ITS-2 and 5S rDNA spacer regions generated. The ITS-2 sequence of this specimen was not made publicly available but was reported to be identical to a previously published sequence with GenBank accession number AJ012276 (Kuba et al. 2022).</p><p>To date, there are two major opinions (Cui et al. 2018) on the classification of U. prolifera based on molecular markers. One point of view is that the true U. prolifera is included in the linza – procera – prolifera (LPP) complex clade (consisting of U. linza Linnaeus, U. procera (Ahlner) Hayden, Blomster, Maggs, Silva, Stanhope et Waaland, and U. prolifera), and the other is that U. prolifera forms a separate clade that includes specimens from Scotland and Ireland, while the entire LPP complex clade is U. linza .</p><p>Using ITS and 5S rRNA gene spacer region as barcode markers on Ulva LPP complex, U. procera was recently reduced into synonymy under U. prolifera by Cui et al. (2018).</p><p>Based on this synonymy, Kuba et al. (2022) identified U. procera specimens from San Juan Islands (USA) on the basis of ITS-2 sequences, that were 1 – 2 base pairs different (0.47 – 0.93 %) from that of the U. prolifera epitype. However, the San Juan Islands specimens molecularly identified as U. prolifera, were not branched tubes, the characteristic morphology of the species, but distromatic blades that became tubular where they were basally narrow near the point of attachment. This latter morphology has been identified as U. linza in the Northeast Pacific (Kuba et al. 2022). In the light of these observations, the authors suggest that the concept of U. prolifera needs to be expanded to include blade-form thalli.</p><p>The LPP-clade has been a troublesome group, and morphology does not appear to be helpful because this clade is known to have wide-ranging morphologies from linza -like to prolifera -like. Additionally, only tuf A sequence data was obtained for our samples since this has shown to be an excellent barcoding marker for green algae, and therefore, we were not able to compare this sequence data with the 5S rRNA and ITS sequence data from the epitype. For these reasons, we choose to call the clade “ U. linza / procera / prolifera ” as the designation for the samples from the Lagoon of Venice identified in this study. Multi-gene or genomic analysis should be considered in the future.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/124987CE631DFFD28D83FABDF115FCE8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Minicante, Research Article Simona Armeli;Melton, James T.;Spagnuolo, Damiano;Manghisi, Antonio;Genovese, Giuseppa;Morabito, Marina;Lopez-Bautista, Juan	Minicante, Research Article Simona Armeli, Melton, James T., Spagnuolo, Damiano, Manghisi, Antonio, Genovese, Giuseppa, Morabito, Marina, Lopez-Bautista, Juan (2025): A DNA barcode inventory of the genus Ulva (Chlorophyta) along two Italian regions: updates and considerations. Botanica Marina (Warsaw, Poland) 68 (1): 33-51, DOI: 10.1515/bot-2023-0071, URL: https://doi.org/10.1515/bot-2023-0071
124987CE631CFFD28E33FD16F0C5FBCC.text	124987CE631CFFD28E33FD16F0C5FBCC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ulva chaugulei M. G. Kavale et M. A. Kazi	<div><p>3.10 Ulva chaugulei M. G. Kavale et M. A. Kazi</p><p>Ulva chaugulei M. G. Kavale et M. A. Kazi (Figure 4) was reported for first time in Pacific Ocean (type locality: Vayangani Maharashtra, India) by Kazi et al. 2016. To date, the distribution of U. chaugulei is reported by molecular data in Brazil (Carneiro et al. 2023) and Persian Gulf (Pirian et al. 2016). In Mediterranean Sea, the first record of U. chaugulei was reported by Krupnik et al. (2018) through molecular analyses of herbarium samples collected in 2015/2016 from the Israel coasts. In this study, we record the presence of a sample of U. chaugulei (RM0287) also on the Tunisia coast (Gabes) and previously reported as Ulva sp. by molecular analyses.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/124987CE631CFFD28E33FD16F0C5FBCC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Minicante, Research Article Simona Armeli;Melton, James T.;Spagnuolo, Damiano;Manghisi, Antonio;Genovese, Giuseppa;Morabito, Marina;Lopez-Bautista, Juan	Minicante, Research Article Simona Armeli, Melton, James T., Spagnuolo, Damiano, Manghisi, Antonio, Genovese, Giuseppa, Morabito, Marina, Lopez-Bautista, Juan (2025): A DNA barcode inventory of the genus Ulva (Chlorophyta) along two Italian regions: updates and considerations. Botanica Marina (Warsaw, Poland) 68 (1): 33-51, DOI: 10.1515/bot-2023-0071, URL: https://doi.org/10.1515/bot-2023-0071
124987CE631CFFD28DADFC0BF173F907.text	124987CE631CFFD28DADFC0BF173F907.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ulva ohnoi Hiraoka et Shimada	<div><p>3.8 Ulva ohnoi Hiraoka et Shimada</p><p>Samples of U. ohnoi Hiraoka et Shimada (Figure 4) were found in human-impacted sites (ST01 and ST06) of Lake Ganzirri, and its introduction was probably attributable either to maritime traffic, particularly relevant in the Strait of Messina, or to mollusc trading, similarly to what was proved for Agardhiella subulata (C. Agardh) Kraft et M. J. Wynne in the same site (Manghisi et al. 2010). In the Mediterranean, the first detection of U. ohnoi had been by Mineur et al. (2007) in the algal fouling biomass on ships arriving at the commercial harbour at Sète (Mediterranean coast of France); similarly, a few years later, Flagella et al. (2010) recorded the species in ballast water from ships, coming from Singapore, in the harbour of Naples (Italy).</p><p>However, colonization by this species had not been detected in the area (Flagella et al. 2010). U. ohnoi is commonly regarded as a NIS, having a disjointed distribution and being recorded in highly disturbed sites. However, its presence in the Mediterranean Sea, as well as in other sites, might be underestimated and its actual distribution, as well as its native range, might be far different from what presently known (Miladi et al. 2018).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/124987CE631CFFD28DADFC0BF173F907	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Minicante, Research Article Simona Armeli;Melton, James T.;Spagnuolo, Damiano;Manghisi, Antonio;Genovese, Giuseppa;Morabito, Marina;Lopez-Bautista, Juan	Minicante, Research Article Simona Armeli, Melton, James T., Spagnuolo, Damiano, Manghisi, Antonio, Genovese, Giuseppa, Morabito, Marina, Lopez-Bautista, Juan (2025): A DNA barcode inventory of the genus Ulva (Chlorophyta) along two Italian regions: updates and considerations. Botanica Marina (Warsaw, Poland) 68 (1): 33-51, DOI: 10.1515/bot-2023-0071, URL: https://doi.org/10.1515/bot-2023-0071
124987CE631CFFD28DADF895F028FD9C.text	124987CE631CFFD28DADF895F028FD9C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ulva undefined-1	<div><p>3.9 Ulva sp. 1 and Ulva sp. 2</p><p>Of the 52 tuf A sequences generated, two have remained unresolved at the species level.</p><p>The sample SAM1166, collected in the Lido station in the Lagoon of Venice, falls into the Ulva sp. 1 clade (Figure 4) with a sample from Tasmania (Australia), reported as Ulva sp. 10GWS (GenBank Accession number JN029338, Kirkendale et al. 2013).</p><p>Additionally, three samples from Lake Ganzirri (CB174, CB175 and CB164) fall into the Ulva sp. 2 clade (Figure 4) with a sample from Aransas Pass, Texas, USA (GenBank Accession number MT859901, Melton and Lopez-Bautista 2021). Clarifying the taxonomic identity of these spp. requires further work.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/124987CE631CFFD28DADF895F028FD9C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Minicante, Research Article Simona Armeli;Melton, James T.;Spagnuolo, Damiano;Manghisi, Antonio;Genovese, Giuseppa;Morabito, Marina;Lopez-Bautista, Juan	Minicante, Research Article Simona Armeli, Melton, James T., Spagnuolo, Damiano, Manghisi, Antonio, Genovese, Giuseppa, Morabito, Marina, Lopez-Bautista, Juan (2025): A DNA barcode inventory of the genus Ulva (Chlorophyta) along two Italian regions: updates and considerations. Botanica Marina (Warsaw, Poland) 68 (1): 33-51, DOI: 10.1515/bot-2023-0071, URL: https://doi.org/10.1515/bot-2023-0071
