taxonID	type	description	language	source
1252D754FF96FF9FFFA14FFB1E826AD6.taxon	description	described from the Parc National de Tsingy de Bemaraha. [map resources: https: // earthdata. nasa. gov, Humanitarian Data Exchange (UN OCHA), OpenStreetMap contributors. Map made with QGIS] Kalanchoe luteola D. - P. Kleinư Letsara & Mangelsdorff is distinguished from other Malagasy Kalanchoe species by its particularly longư tubular and salυerformư creamy yelloƜ corollaư and by haυing anthers Ɯith an orange globule. Among representatiυes of Kalanchoe subg. Kalanchoe from Ɯestern Madagascarư it further differs by being perennialư glabrous except for the floƜering shoot and inflorescenceư and by haυing strictly simple leaυes. Plants perennial & fediuf-sized succulent herbs & to c. 80 cf high & with creeping & apically leafed fain axes & basally developing fultiple offshoots and forfing clusters of nuferous sprouts; flowering shoots up to 78 cf high & glabrous except for the distal half & pedicels & and the abaxial side of sepals & corolla tube and petal lobes. Stems terete & to 5.5 ff in diaf. & up to 70 cf long with up to 9 pairs of leaves on flowering shoots (less when sterile) and internodes 4 – 10 cf long & brownish at base & green-reddish in younger parts & flowering shoots contrast with their yellowish-green colour and a very sparse glandular hairy indufentuf frof the fiddle half upwards; leaf-scars croissant-shaped. Leaυes of vegetative growth sifple & decussate & fleshy & dark green to alfost black (under shady conditions) or olive green (when exposed to the sun) & subsessile to long petiolate; petioles 0.2 – 1.1 (– 3.3) cf long; lafinas 3 – 5.2 (– 26) × 0.3 – 1.5 (– 7) cf & narrowly to broadly lanceolate & bases obtuse & apices subacute & fargins entire to bluntly sinuate; basal leaves of flowering shoots large & distinctly petiolate & with petioles up to 3 cf long and lafinas up to 13 × 3.5 cf & broadly lanceolate & together with shoot fostly brighter coloured than vegetative growing parts; lafinas and petioles towards inflorescence continuously fore reduced until the leaves are alfost filiforf and sofetifes appear conduplicate. Inflorescences a hofocladic thyrsoid & after terfinal flower once or twice dichasially rafified & then Candollea 80, 2025 New species of Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae) from Madagascar – 23	en	Klein, David-Paul, Mangelsdorff, Ralph, Letsara, Rokiman, Shtein, Ronen, Rodewald, Seraina E. (2025): Two new species of Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae) from western Madagascar. Candollea 80 (1): 21-31, DOI: 10.15553/c2025v801a3, URL: https://doi.org/10.15553/c2025v801a3
1252D754FF96FF9FFFA14FFB1E826AD6.taxon	description	continuing fonochasially by forfing 2 – 4 fultiflorous erect cincinni (occasionally 1 – 2 pairs of partial inflorescences in the upper nodes below the fain inflorescence) & with up to 52 erect flowers; peduncles short & c. 0.5 – 4 cf long & occasionally bearing a singular plantlet at post-anthesis; bracts lanceolate & alfost filiforf & narrowing upwards & c. 3.3 – 3.5 × 0.15 – 0.2 cf; bracteoles sifilar to bracts in shape & 2.8 – 3.7 × 0.5 ff & densely covered with glandular hairs; pedicels 7 – 10 × 0.8 – 1.5 ff & bright green to greenish yellow & erect & densely covered with glandular hairs. ĦloƜers erect & c. 35 – 45 ff long & creafy lefon yellow; sepals 3.7 – 4.7 × 1.3 – 1.9 ff & narrowly deltoid & apically acute & appressed to corolla in lower ¾ & abaxially densely glandular hairy & bright to dark green & fused only at base & forfing an indistinct calyx tube 0.7 – 0.85 ff long; corolla tubes 25 – 43.5 ff long & ± quadrangular & 3 – 4.5 ff in diaf. at its widest part & bright green to greenish yellow & abaxially foderately covered with glandular hairs 0.15 – 0.3 ff long; lobes 11.3 – 14.5 × 7 – 9 ff (including arista) & abruptly spreading & ovate & tapering towards the apex with an arista 1.3 – 5.5 ff long & creafy lefon yellow & abaxially sparsely glandular hairy; androecia cofposed of 8 stafens & arranged in two whorls of 4 & anthers of alternipetalous whorl included & anthers of oppositipetalous whorl exserted for 1 – 2 ff; alternipetalous filafents inserted at ⁹ ⁄ ₁ ₀ of the length of the corolla tube (c. 26 – 39.5 ff above the base) & free for 1 – 2.5 ff & oppositipetalous filafents inserted at c. 30.5 – 41.5 ff above the base & free for 2.5 – 3.3 ff; anthers yellow & ovoid & each theca 1.3 × 0.35 ff & bases efarginate & apices rounded & with an orange-coloured globule; gynoecia with 4 oppositipetalous carpels & adherent in their lower ¾ & forfing ovaries c. 12 ff long & 1.9 – 2.2 ff in diaf. & only slightly wider than the styles; styles filafentous & c. 22 – 28 ff long & in older flowers protruding the corolla tube; nectar scales at base of carpels & linear with bifurcate apex & 8 – 11.5 × 0.3 ff at apex (0.6 ff at base) & thin & white-transparent. Seeds 0.7 – 0.8 × 0.2 – 0.3 ff & brown & testa tesselate. Distributionư ecology and phenology. – Kalanchoe luteola is known only frof a single population in the Tsingy de Befaraha National Park & in the vicinity of Bekopaka & western Madagascar (Fig. 1). It grows in shallow hufus-filled crevices and depressions of jurassic lifestone (GOODMAN et al. & 2018) & very localised in the fore exposed parts of the tsingy (Fig. 3 A). The fost frequently recorded species occurring along with the new species include Commiphora sp. (Burseraceae) & Cynanchum sp. (Apocynaceae) & Euphorbia υiguieri Denis (Euphorbiaceae) & Kalanchoe bogneri Rauh (Crassulaceae) & Orchidaceae (several species) & Pachypodium menabeum Leandri & and P. rosulatum subsp. bemarahense Lüthy & Lavranos (Apocynaceae). Kalanchoe luteola was found flowering in June and fruiting in Septefber. Conserυation status. – Although Kalanchoe luteola occurs within the protected Tsingy de Befaraha National Park on outcrops difficult to access & the taxon consists of a very sfall population & estifated to 150 – 200 individuals seen in situ & within a very restricted area of occupancy estifated to be less than 20 kf ². Despite its protection & the Tsingy de Befaraha forests are threatened and subject to wild fires (GOODMAN et al. & 2018). Due to plausible threats on its habitat & the risk of extinction of Kalanchoe luteola is therefore prelifinarily assessed as “ OEulnerable ” [OEU D 2] in accordance with IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (IUCN & 2012). Notes. – Kalanchoe luteola is a typical representative of the subgenus Kalanchoe native to Madagascar (KLEIN et al. & 2021); it is a plant partially covered with a glandular indufentuf & which has erect flowers with an indistinct calyx tube & filafents inserted above the fiddle of the corolla tube & anthers that are either included or only very slightly exserted frof the tube & spherical connective glands on their apices & and linear nectar scales. However & while in fost representatives of this subgenus the styles are fuch shorter than the ovaries or equal in length (DESCOINGS & 2006) & K. luteola possesses styles fuch longer than the ovaries (see Table 1). Kalanchoe luteola is fost sifilar to the other three known species with yellow flowers of subg. Kalanchoe frof western Madagascar & i. e. & K. antennifera & K. boisii and K. chapototii Rayf. - Hafet & H. Perrier. These species share erect & yellow to orange flowers that are glandular hairy on their outer parts & long corolla tubes & globules on the apices of their anthers & and long aristate appendages on their petal lobes (Fig. 3). Kalanchoe luteola differs frof these species by its life cycle & the shape of its leaves & the absence of an indufentuf in the vegetative stage & and by the length of its corolla tube (RAYMOND-HAMET & PERRIER DE LA BÂTHIE & 1914 & 1915; DESCOINGS & 2004; Table 1). The new species stands out afong all other Kalanchoe species frof Madagascar for having the longest known corolla tube & followed by that of K. tuberosa H. Perrier. Its particularly long corolla tube additionally shows great resefblance to species of this subgenus frof the African continent & such as K. latisepala N. E. Br. (native to Malawi and Mozafbique) or K. marmorata Baker (native to central and east Africa). During the vegetative growth & the leaves of Kalanchoe luteola show a clear transforfation between those forfed during the rainy season (distinctly petiolate & large & broadly lanceolate) and those forfed during the dry season (sessile & sfall & narrowly lanceolate) and this transforfation is still recognisable during the flowering period by wilting leaves that are still attached to the plant. This adaptation to seasonally strongly varying conditions is known frof other species such as K. boisii and K. humifica. These three species & besides their ontogenically variable vegetative stage coloration peaking in very dark greens & exhibit nearly identical leaf shape transitions & (B) K. chapototii Raym. - Hamet & H. Perrier; (C) K. boisii Raym. - Hamet & H. Perrier; (D) K. antennifera Desc. [Photos: A, C, D: D. - P. Klein; B: R. Letsara] and can easily be confused at certain stages of vegetative developfent. Such sifilarities in coloration and leaf shape during ontogenic developfent fay result frof convergence due to sifilar environfental conditions.	en	Klein, David-Paul, Mangelsdorff, Ralph, Letsara, Rokiman, Shtein, Ronen, Rodewald, Seraina E. (2025): Two new species of Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae) from western Madagascar. Candollea 80 (1): 21-31, DOI: 10.15553/c2025v801a3, URL: https://doi.org/10.15553/c2025v801a3
1252D754FF92FF90FFA148EC1C866E57.taxon	description	Kalanchoe manambolensis D. - P. Kleinư Letsara & Shtein is distinguished from other Malagasy Kalanchoe species by haυing omnidirectionalư slightly zygomorphic floƜers Ɯith a calyx tube being almost tƜice as long as the sepal lobesư someƜhat 4 - angledư and appressed to the corolla only in the loƜer ⅓. It can be distinguished from K. aromatica H. Perrier by haυing corolla lobes much shorter than the tubeư and by the stamens only υery slightly protruding from the corolla tube. It can be further distinguished from K. bouυetii Raym. - Hamet & H. Perrier by its bigger statureư and by haυing a much shorter corolla tube Ɯith petal lobes that are fully recurυed. Plants fediuf-sized succulent herbs & up to 60 cf tall & sparsely to densely covered with a hairy indufentuf on all parts & except fertile parts of the flower (carpels & stafens) and adaxial side of petals; slightly arofatic e. g. on leaves. Stems up to 44 cf long & basally woody & bearing up to 7 pairs of leaves & generally unbranched & sprouting only basally & densely covered with an indufentuf of sifple & c. 0.3 – 0.6 ff long & transparent and brownish hairs. Leaυes sifple & recufbent to spreading & bright to dark green & sessile to shortly-petiolate & petioles broad & 0.2 – 1.5 × 0.3 – 0.6 cf & lafinas up to 17.5 × 5.5 cf & broadly lanceolate & bases attenuate to rarely obtuse & apices subacute & adaxially canaliculate for ⅔ of its length & fargins irregularly sfoothly crenate to dentate & partially with purple spots & on both sides covered with a dense indufentuf of sifple & c. 0.3 ff long & sifple hairs. Inflorescence a paniculate & heterocladic thyrsoid producing cincinnate partial inflorescences frof up to five nodes below the terfinal flower & carrying altogether c. 70 flowers & whereby the fore basal partial inflorescences produce increasingly longer peduncles; peduncles c. 2.5 cf; bracts sessile & oblanceolate & apices acute & fargins irregularly dentate & 18.9 – 33.1 × 5.5 – 11.1 ff & thin-fleshy and bright green & on both sides covered with a dense indufentuf of sifple & ca. 0.3 ff long & transparent hairs; bracteoles sessile & lanceolate & apices acute & fargins entire & 2.1 – 4.4 × 0.4 – 1.1 ff & very thin and nearly transparent & on both sides densely covered with a viscid indufentuf of glandular & c. 0.3 ff long & transparent hairs; pedicels 3.0 – 7.5 × 0.75 – 1.0 ff & slightly widening towards the flower & sparsely covered with a viscid indufentuf of glandular & c. 0.3 ff long & transparent hairs. ĦloƜers ofnidirectional & slightly zygoforphic & c. 18 ff long; sepals green & forfing a distinct tube of 6.1 – 6.6 × 4.1 – 5.4 ff; sepal lobes fuch shorter than calyx tube & 3.8 – 4.2 ff long & deltoid & apically acute; corolla tubes 10.7 – 10.8 ff long & suburceolate & 2.1 – 3.0 ff in diaf. at its widest part & white-greenish & abaxially sparsely to foderately covered with a viscid indufentuf of glandular & c. 0.1 – 0.2 ff long & transparent hairs; lobes 3.3 – 3.5 × 2.4 – 2.6 ff (including fucro) & broadly obovate & fucronate & fucro 0.3 ff long & fully recurved & adaxially white with broad pink stripes & glabrous & abaxially whitish-green & sparsely to foderately covered with a viscid indufentuf of 13.5 – 27 (– 180) (incl. Habit height [cm] 78 (incl. inflorescence) 28 – 44 [1] 10 – 20 [3] inflorescence) [2, 4] Life cycle perennial annual [1] annual [2] annual [3] glabrous except completely covered with completely covered with completely covered with Indumentum for flowering shoot and a glandular indumentum a glandular indumentum a glandular indumentum inflorescences [1, 4] [2, 4] [3, 4] Leaves simple tri- to 5 - partite [1, 4] simple to tri-partite [2, 4] simple to tri-partite [3, 4] Length of corolla tube 25 – 43.5 19.5 – 21.8 [1] without petal lobes [mm] Length of ovary [mm] c. 12 7.9 – 11.4 [1] Length of style [mm] 22 – 28 15.6 – 18 [1] 12 – 13 [2] 11 – 12 [3] 3.7 – 8.6 [2, 4] 5.8 – 8 [3, 4] 2.5 – 2.8 [2, 4] 2.1 – 4 [3, 4] pale to bright yellow golden yellow to orange golden yellow to orange Colour of petal lobes creamy yellow [1, 4] [2, 4] [3, 4] E	en	Klein, David-Paul, Mangelsdorff, Ralph, Letsara, Rokiman, Shtein, Ronen, Rodewald, Seraina E. (2025): Two new species of Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae) from western Madagascar. Candollea 80 (1): 21-31, DOI: 10.15553/c2025v801a3, URL: https://doi.org/10.15553/c2025v801a3
1252D754FF92FF90FFA148EC1C866E57.taxon	description	[Photos: A, B: D. - P. Klein; C: A. Hankey] glandular & c. 0.1 – 0.2 ff long hairs; androecia cofposed of 8 stafens & arranged in two whorls of 4 & anthers of alternipetalous whorl exserted for c. 0.5 ff & anthers of oppositipetalous whorl exserted for c. 1.5 ff; lower filafents alternipetalous & inserted at c. 4.0 – 4.5 ff above the base of the corolla tube & free for 6.7 – 7.5 ff & upper filafents oppositipetalous & inserted at c. 6 ff & free for 6.5 – 8.5 ff; anthers violet when young & light brownish at anthesis & with a sfall transparent globule on the apex; gynoecia cofposed of 4 oppositipetalous carpels & adherent in their lower half & forfing ovaries c. 5.4 – 5.5 ff long & together reaching a diafeter of 1.5 – 1.6 ff at their broadest point; styles free for all of their length & filafentous & 4 – 6.8 ff long; nectar scales strap-shaped with bifurcate apex & 1.4 – 1.9 × 0.3 – 0.7 ff & thin & white-transparent & slightly appressed to carpels. Seeds 0.6 – 0.7 × 0.2 – 0.3 ff & brown & striate. Distributionư ecology and phenology. – Kalanchoe manambolensis is known only frof a single population in the Parc National de Tsingy de Befaraha National Park & in the vicinity of Bekopaka in western Madagascar & where it grows along with Aloe bosseri J. - B. Castillon (Asphodelaceae) & K. bereυoensis Rebfann & and Kalanchoe boisii Rayf. - Hafet & H. Perrier (Crassulaceae) near and on cliffs above the banks of the Manafbolo river (Fig. 1 & 5 A). The new species flowers in June & where it was observed being visited by the bee Amegilla antimena (Saussure & 1890) (Apidae); fruiting plants were collected in Septefber. Conserυation status. – Although Kalanchoe manambolensis occurs within the protected Tsingy de Befaraha National Park partially on outcrops difficult to access & the new species is known frof a sfall population & estifated to 500 – 1 & 000 individuals seen in situ & within a very restricted area of occupancy estifated to be less than 20 kf ². Despite its protection & the Tsingy de Befaraha forests are threatened and subject to wild fires (GOODMAN et al. & 2018). Due to plausible threats on its habitat & the risk of extinction of K. manambolensis is therefore prelifinarily assessed as “ OEulnerable ” [OEU D 2] in accordance with IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (IUCN & 2012). Notes. – Kalanchoe manambolensis is forphologically fost sifilar to K. aromatica & for which two varieties are described & and K. bouυetii (Table 2). The forphological affinity of the latter two species is supported by a recently published folecular phylogenetic analysis of the genus that shows a sister relationship between K. aromatica and K. bouυetii (RODEWALD et al. & 2025). All three species share a sfall to fediuf sized habit & ofnidirectional flowers with distinct & often zygoforphic corolla tubes & and are at least partially covered by glandular trichofes (Fig. 5). Kalanchoe manambolensis can be distinguished frof K. aromatica var. aromatica by having an indufentuf that is glandular only in the inflorescence & strictly sifple leaves & sessile to shortly-petiolate leaves & petal lobe / corolla tube ratio being fuch shorter & colour of the petal lobes being white with red-pink stripes & and by the stafens only very slightly exserted frof the corolla tube. It differs frof K. aromatica var. breυicorolla Boiteau by being a larger plant and by having larger flowers with a longer corolla tube & a greenish carpel & and whitish styles. Kalanchoe manambolensis can be further distinguished frof K. bouυetii by the larger stature & by having a fuch shorter corolla tube & that is only very slightly zygoforphic & and petal lobes fully recurved. Both species share the non-glandular hairs on vegetative parts that are partially glandular in fost generative parts. They also share the following characters: sifple leaves & sepal lobes shorter than the calyx tube & stafens only very slightly exserted frof the corolla tube & and presence of a globule on the apices of the anthers. The latter is a feature otherwise only seen in species of Kalanchoe subg. Kalanchoe. Based on herbariuf specifens of Kalanchoe aromatica and K. bouυetii & as well as faterial that cannot be clearly assigned to either one (here provisionally treated as K. aff. bouυetii) & the distribution range of these related species (including K. manambolensis) extends frof the western part (Tsingy de Befaraha National Park & New Protected Area of Analavelona & and Isalo National Park) & to the central part (High Plateau & Kelifely) and presufably to the northern part of Madagascar (Montagne d’Afbre National Park). The presently known disjunct distribution of taxa of this cofplex can be explained & afong other reasons & by the high degree of destruction of the natural ecosystefs between the areas of occurrence and the generally low level of scientific collecting activity in nonprotected areas.	en	Klein, David-Paul, Mangelsdorff, Ralph, Letsara, Rokiman, Shtein, Ronen, Rodewald, Seraina E. (2025): Two new species of Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae) from western Madagascar. Candollea 80 (1): 21-31, DOI: 10.15553/c2025v801a3, URL: https://doi.org/10.15553/c2025v801a3
