identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
9F9607E43ED15CB7A313EEF43F245811.text	9F9607E43ED15CB7A313EEF43F245811.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bagarius dolichonema Zeng & Chen 2025	<div><p>Bagarius dolichonema Zeng &amp; Chen sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 4, 5, Table 2</p><p>Bagarius sp. ‘Irrawaddy’ Ng &amp; Kottelat, 2021: 141 (Irrawaddy River).</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype. • KIZ 2024010545, 216.6 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=95.495605&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.522417" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 95.495605/lat 25.522417)">Min Sin</a>, Downstream of Nam E Zu, a tributary of the Chindwin River, Sagaing Province, Myanmar, 25°31'20.7"N, 95°29'44.2"E, leg. Tao Qin, Nay Htet Naing, May 2019.</p><p>Paratypes. • KIZ 2024010547, S 20191939 -1940, 3 ex, 135.5–177 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=95.28677&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.333834" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 95.28677/lat 25.333834)">fish market of Hta Man Thi village</a>, Chindwin River, Sagaing Province, Myanmar, 25°20'01.8"N, 95°17'12.4"E, leg. Tao Qin, Nay Htet Naing, Lamin Koko, December 2019 ; • KIZ 2024010543, 1 ex, 251.3 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=94.297165&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.196472" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 94.297165/lat 23.196472)">Kalaywa market</a>, Chindwin River, Sagaing Province, Myanmar, 23°11'47.3"N, 94°17'49.8"E, leg. Paing Zaw, Nay Htet Naing, March 2018 ; S 20180428, • KIZ 2024010544, 2 ex, 150.6–226.5 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=95.69234&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.001778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 95.69234/lat 26.001778)">Hkamti market</a>, Chindwin River, Sagaing Province, Myanmar, 26°00'06.4"N, 95°41'32.4"E, leg. Paing Zaw, Nay Htet Naing, May 2018 ; • KIZ 2024010542, CXY 20170154, 2 ex, 193.9–198.3 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=95.22&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.835028" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 95.22/lat 18.835028)">Fish market of Pyay</a>, Irrawaddy River, Bago Province, Myanmar, 18°50'06.1"N, 95°13'12.0"E, leg. Xiao-Yong Chen, Tao Qin, Shu-Sen Shu, Paing Zaw, Ye Yint Tun, Nay Htet Naing, June 2017 ; • KIZ 2024010546, 1 ex, 128.7 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=95.52803&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.312555" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 95.52803/lat 25.312555)">Stream of Nam Pagon</a>, a tributary of the Chindwin River, Sagaing Province, Myanmar, 25°18'45.2"N, 95°31'40.9"E, leg. Tao Qin, Nay Htet Naing, Lamin Koko, December 2019 ; • KIZ 2007004082-083, • KIZ 2007004088, 3 ex, 206.4–252.7 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=94.09003&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.181416" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 94.09003/lat 23.181416)">Kalay fish market</a>, Myittha River, Sagaing Province, Myanmar, 23°10'53.1"N, 94°05'24.1"E, leg. De-Xin Feng, August 2007 .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Bagarius dolichonema can be distinguished from congeners by the following combination of characteristics: lateral margin of frontal straight, not forming brow ridge, dorsal spine strong (width 9.9–14.1 times its length), weakly notched antero-dorsal margin on pterygiophore of first dorsal-fin, filamentous extensions of pectoral-fin spine beyond posterior of pelvic-fin base and some reaching anus, neural spines of 4 th – 6 th vertebrae immediately anterior to adipose fin distally slightly flattened, adipose-fin origin at vertical through or very slightly posterior to anal-fin origin, caudal peduncle slender (3.8–4.6 % SL).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Head depressed; body subcylindrical, becoming more laterally compressed at caudal peduncle. Dorsal profile rising evenly from tip of snout to origin of dorsal fin, then sloping gently ventrally from origin of dorsal fin to end of caudal peduncle. Ventral profile straight to anal-fin base, then sloping gently dorsally from anal-fin base to end of caudal peduncle. Anus and urogenital openings located approximately 1 / 2 to 2 / 3 distance between base of last pelvic-fin ray and base of first anal-fin ray. Skin tuberculated, with tubercles of varying sizes on sides of body; larger tubercles arranged in longitudinal rows along dorsal head and dorsal lateral surfaces of body. Lateral line complete and situated mid-laterally. Vertebrae 21 + 20 = 41 * (4).</p><p>Head depressed and broad, triangular when viewed laterally. Snout prominent. Anterior and posterior nares adjacent, separated by base of nasal barbel. Gill opening broad, extending from ventral margin of post-temporal to isthmus. Dorsal surface of head covered by thick skin and ovoid tubercles. Eye small and ovoid; lateral margin of frontal not forming brow ridge. Base of supraoccipital spine wide, occipital bone triangular.</p><p>Barbels in four pairs. Maxillary barbel subtended by large skin flap along posterior edge of proximal half of barbel connected with side of snout; extending to middle of pectoral-fin base. Nasal barbel short, just extending to posterior margin of posterior nares. Outer mandibular barbel extending to vertical line through eye. Inner mandibular barbel about 2 / 3 of outer mandibular barbel in length.</p><p>Mouth inferior, most anterior part of premaxillary tooth band exposed when mouth closed. Oral teeth cone-shaped, varying in size, and irregularly aligned on all tooth-bearing surfaces. Premaxillary teeth form a broad semilunar band, interrupted at midline.</p><p>Dorsal fin located above anterior one-third of body, with I, 6 rays; dorsal spine straight and strong, smooth both on anterior and posterior margins, width 9.9–14.1 times its length. Adipose fin triangular, with anterior margin straight or slightly concave. Adipose fin origin at vertical through or very slightly posterior to anal-fin origin. Caudal fin rays i, 7, 7, i or i, 7, 8, i, strongly forked, with upper lobe longer than lower lobe and principal rays. Filamentous extensions with caudal fin extremely extending. Anal fin with straight anterior margin and concave posterior margin; with unbranched ray iii, branched ray 8, 9, or 10 rays. Pelvic-fin origin at vertical through posterior end of dorsal-fin base. Pelvic fin with slightly convex margin and i, 5 rays; tip of pelvic fin usually not reaching anal-fin origin, rarely reaching. Pectoral fin with I, 10, I, 11, I, 12, I, 13 rays; posterior margin slightly concave. Pectoral-fin spine with filamentous extension beyond anterior pelvic-fin base, or even reaching anus, smooth on anterior margin, serrated on posterior margin.</p><p>Coloration.</p><p>In 75 % ethanol: dorsal and ventral surfaces of head and body dark gray, ventral surface pale. Three dark brown saddles below dorsal fin, below adipose fin, and in posterior one-third of caudal peduncle. Dorsal fin dark gray with a medium brown band. Pectoral and pelvic fins dark gray. Anal fin gray with a dark patch close to its origin and a dark brown band in posterior part. Caudal fin gray, with dark patches at caudal-fin base, middle of upper and lower lobes. Head, body, and each fin with small dark spots, density of spots variable, absent in some individuals. Body more brown when alive.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The epithet name “ dolichonema ” comes from the Greek adjective “ dolikhos, ” meaning long, and the noun “ nēma, ” meaning thread or yarn, which refers to the length of filamentous extensions with pectoral-fin spines and caudal fins that are the longest in congeners except for B. bagarius . The suggested common name in Chinese is 长丝魾 (Pinyin: chang si pi).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Known to be found in the Irrawaddy River Basin in Myanmar (Figs 6, 8) and the Manipur River in India, with its presence also expected in the Chinese part of the Irrawaddy River Basin.</p><p>Notes on habits.</p><p>B. dolichonema is also caught and sold as a food fish in Myanmar. In 2007, considerable quantities of B. dolichonema were sold on the Kalay fish market. In the stomachs of two specimens of B. dolichonema that were purchased, shrimp and crab pincers were found in one, and Glyptothorax nagpang with half-digested Cyprinidae fish was found in the other Fig. 7. This reveals the broader diet of B. dolichonema, which is capable of feeding on prey in a variety of environments and swallowing parts of its body even when the prey is too large (e. g., crabs). B. dolichonema is still receptive to prey with sharp spines and swallows them into its stomach for digestion.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9F9607E43ED15CB7A313EEF43F245811	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Zeng, Yu-Yang;Pu, Xin-Rui;Lei, Hao-Tian;Oo, Thaung Naing;Chen, Xiao-Yong	Zeng, Yu-Yang, Pu, Xin-Rui, Lei, Hao-Tian, Oo, Thaung Naing, Chen, Xiao-Yong (2025): A taxonomic review of Bagarius catfish (Siluriformes, Sisoridae) in the Salween and Irrawaddy rivers, with descriptions of two new species from China and Myanmar. Zoosystematics and Evolution 101 (3): 1123-1136, DOI: 10.3897/zse.101.145776
0187F013E9F755F885024AB388211123.text	0187F013E9F755F885024AB388211123.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bagarius protos Zeng & Chen 2025	<div><p>Bagarius protos Zeng &amp; Chen sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 1, 2, Table 2</p><p>Bagarius yarrelli: Chu et al. 1990: 194–195 (Nujiang River, Yunnan, China, in part); Chu 1999: 117–118 (Nujiang River, Yunnan, China, in part); Chen 2013: 319 (Nujiang River, Nantinghe River, Yunnan, China, in part).</p><p>Bagarius sp. ‘Salween’ Ng &amp; Kottelat, 2021: 141 (Salween River).</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype. • KIZ 2024000178, 319 mm SL; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.97528&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.418055" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.97528/lat 24.418055)">Sanjiangkou</a> [三江口], <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.97528&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.418055" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.97528/lat 24.418055)">Salween River</a> [怒江], Longling County [龙陵县], Baoshan City [保山市], Yunnan Province [云南省], China, 24°25'05"N, 98°58'31"E; leg. Yu-Yang Zeng, Ling Wu &amp; Cai-Xin Liu, May 2024.</p><p>Paratypes. • KIZ 2024000179, 1 ex, 372 mm SL, other information same as holotype; • KIZ 202400180 -181, 2 ex, 391–398 mm SL; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.013336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.460835" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.013336/lat 24.460835)">Bizhai Township</a> [碧寨乡], <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.013336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.460835" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.013336/lat 24.460835)">Salween River</a>, Longling County, Baoshan City, Yunnan Province, China, 24°27'39"N, 99°00'48"E; leg. Yu-Yang Zeng, Ling Wu, Tao Qin &amp; Jian-Bing Lvy, April 2024 ; • KIZ 2002009301 -9302, 2 ex, 393–403 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.756386&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.017221" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.756386/lat 24.017221)">Daxueshan Township</a> [大雪山乡], <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.756386&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.017221" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.756386/lat 24.017221)">Nanting River</a> [南汀河], Yongde County [永德县], Lincang City [临沧市], Yunnan Province, China, 24°01'02"N, 99°45'23"E, leg. Xiao-Yong Chen, 2002 ; • KIZ 2004015367, 1 ex, 282.6 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.89722&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.834723" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.89722/lat 24.834723)">Baihua Village</a> [白花村], <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.89722&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.834723" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.89722/lat 24.834723)">Salween River</a>, Longyang District [隆阳区], Baoshan City, Yunnan Province, China, 24°50'05"N, 98°53'50"E leg. Zai-Yun Li, September 2004 ; • KIZ 2004015368, 1 ex, 261.2 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.971115&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.732779" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.971115/lat 24.732779)">Hongqiqiao Bridge</a> [红旗桥], <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.971115&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.732779" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.971115/lat 24.732779)">Salween River</a>, Longyang District, Baoshan City, Yunnan Province, China, 24°43'58"N, 98°58'16"E, leg. Zai-Yun Li, September 2004 ; • KIZ 2004015372, 1 ex, 289.9 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.97528&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.418055" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.97528/lat 24.418055)">Sanjiangkou</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.97528&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.418055" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.97528/lat 24.418055)">Salween River</a>, Longling County, Baoshan City, Yunnan Province, China, 24°25'05"N, 98°58'31"E, leg. Zai-Yun Li, September 2004 ; • KIZ 202410548, 1 ex, 324 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.065834&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.574167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.065834/lat 23.574167)">Hehai Village</a> [贺海村], <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.065834&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.574167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.065834/lat 23.574167)">Nanting River</a> [南汀河], Gengma County [耿马县], Lincang City [临沧市], Yunnan Province, China, 23°34'27"N, 99°03'57"E, leg. Yu-yang Zeng, 2024 .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Bagarius protos can be distinguished from congeners by having the following combination of characteristics: eye small (5–8 % HL), lateral margin of frontal straight, not forming brow ridge, strongly notched in antero-dorsal margin of the first dorsal-fin pterygiophore, dorsal spine strong (width 10.6–14.4 times its length), filamentous extensions of pectoral-fin spine reaching posterior of anal-fin base, neural spines of 4 th – 6 th vertebrae immediately anterior to adipose fin distally slender, adipose-fin origin at vertical through or very slightly posterior to anal-fin origin, caudal peduncle deep (4.2–5.1 % SL).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Morphometric data are shown in Table 2. Head depressed, body subcylindrical, slightly compressed laterally at origin of anal fin. Dorsal profile rising uniformly from tip of snout to origin of dorsal fin, body depth at maximum at the origin of the dorsal fin, then sloping gently ventrally from origin of dorsal fin to end of caudal peduncle. Ventral profile flattened to base of anal fin, and then sloping gently dorsally from anal-fin base to caudal-fin base. Anus and urogenital openings located approximately 1 / 2 to 2 / 3 distance between end of pelvic-fin base and origin of anal-fin ray. Skin keratinized, with tubercles of various sizes on both sides of body; larger tubercles sparsely placed longitudinally along dorsal surface of head and dorsum. Lateral line complete, situated in midline of body. Vertebrae 23 + 20 = 43 * (4).</p><p>Head depressed and wide. Snout long, about half of head length. Anterior and posterior nares adjacent and separated. Gill opening broad, extending to isthmus. Dorsal surface of head covered by thick skin and ovoid tubercles. Eye small and ovoid; lateral margin of frontal not forming brow ridge.</p><p>Barbels in four pairs, including a pair of maxillary barbels, one pair of nasal barbels, and two pairs of mandibular barbels. Maxillary barbel subtended by large skin flap along posterior edge of proximal half of barbel; extending to middle of pectoral-fin base. Nasal barbel short, extending to posterior margin of posterior nares. Outer mandibular barbel extending beyond vertical line through eye. Inner mandibular barbel about 2 / 3 length of outer mandibular barbel.</p><p>Mouth inferior, with premaxillary dental bands partially exposed when mouth closed. Oral teeth cone-shaped, varying in size, and irregularly aligned on all tooth-bearing surfaces. Premaxillary teeth form a broad semilunar band, interrupted at midline.</p><p>Dorsal fin located at midpoint of body, with 6 branched fin rays; dorsal spine straight and strong, with smooth anterior and posterior margins, width 10.6–14.4 times its length. Adipose fin triangular, origin at vertical through or very slightly posterior to anal-fin origin. Caudal fin strongly forked, upper lobe longer than lower lobe, with i, 7, 8, i principal rays. Anal fin with iii or iv unbranched rays, 8–9 branched rays, anterior margin straight, posterior margin slightly concave. Position of pelvic-fin origin not settled, anterior, vertical, or posterior to posterior end of dorsal-fin base. Pelvic fin with i, 5 rays; tip of adpressed fin beyond anus, rarely reaching anal-fin origin. Pectoral fin with I, 11, I, 12, I, 13 rays; posterior margin slightly concave. Pectoral-fin spine with filamentous extensions comparatively short, reaching anterior pelvic-fin base. Spine with smooth anterior margins and serrated posterior margins.</p><p>Coloration.</p><p>In 75 % ethanol: dorsal and ventral surfaces of head and body gray, ventral surfaces light yellow. Long-term preserved specimens dark yellow overall. Three dark brown saddles below dorsal fin, below adipose fin, and on posterior half of caudal peduncle extending to base of caudal fin, respectively. Dorsal fin ash gray, dorsal-fin base brown. Pectoral fins gray with light posterior margins. Pelvic fin gray with an inconspicuous brown band. Anal fin ash gray, with brown base and a brown band. Caudal fin light gray. Head, body, and each fin with irregularly scattered small dark spots. The gray parts in 75 % ethanol show grayish yellow when alive.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The epithet name “ protos ” consists of the Greek “ protos, ” meaning original (at first), referring to the species being in the most primitive position in the phylogenetic tree of genus Bagarius . The suggested common name in Chinese is 原魾 (Pinyin: yuan pi).</p><p>Distribution and ecology.</p><p>The new species is distributed in the mainstream of the Nujiang River and the Nanting River in China (Figs 3, 8), also expected to occur on the Salween River in Myanmar and Thailand.</p><p>Notes on habits.</p><p>Bagarius protos used to be a local high-value food fish that lived in the mainstream of the Nujiang River. According to the locals, it can grow to over 100 kg. Local people used to catch B. protos by longline fishing, using Corydalidae larva or loach as bait and thick nylon rope as a line, tying one end to a boulder, and harvesting it on the next day. Even large individuals of B. protos over 10 kg are still attracted by Corydalidae larvae, showing the preference of B. protos for this prey.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0187F013E9F755F885024AB388211123	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Zeng, Yu-Yang;Pu, Xin-Rui;Lei, Hao-Tian;Oo, Thaung Naing;Chen, Xiao-Yong	Zeng, Yu-Yang, Pu, Xin-Rui, Lei, Hao-Tian, Oo, Thaung Naing, Chen, Xiao-Yong (2025): A taxonomic review of Bagarius catfish (Siluriformes, Sisoridae) in the Salween and Irrawaddy rivers, with descriptions of two new species from China and Myanmar. Zoosystematics and Evolution 101 (3): 1123-1136, DOI: 10.3897/zse.101.145776
