identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
1145CF55742DFFE2358430A8FB5FFA84.text	1145CF55742DFFE2358430A8FB5FFA84.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	(Isohelea) Kieffer 1917	<div><p>Subgenus Isohelea Kieffer, 1917</p><p>Brachypogon surma Dominiak, Szadziewski &amp; Salmela sp. n. (Figures 1–3) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: BF49B2BC-E164-4EAA-A922- 8331970AEB78</p><p>Material examined. Holotype. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=24.505&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=65.8161" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 24.505/lat 65.8161)">Adult</a> male, Finland, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=24.505&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=65.8161" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 24.505/lat 65.8161)">Keminmaa</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=24.505&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=65.8161" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 24.505/lat 65.8161)">Kallinkankaan</a> letot, Kallinkangas, rich flark fen, Malaise 1, N65.8161 E24.5050, 27.06.– 28.07.2014, leg. J. Salmela, NVO.BRA-2020-1 (LMM) . Paratypes. Same data as the holotype, 5 males - 4 males, NVO. BRA-2020-2 - NVO.BRA-2020-5 (LMM), 1 male (CEIG); Finland, Lkor, Pelkosenniemi Kätkäaapa S , rich spring fen, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=27.9045&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=67.1014" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 27.9045/lat 67.1014)">Malaise</a> 2, N67.1014 E27.9045, 03.06– 08.07.2015, JS-sl-2015-0149, BOLD : JSsl-2015-0149, 1 male, leg. J . Salmela, NVO.BRA-2020-7 (LMM); Finland, Lkor, Pelkosenniemi, Kätkäaapa-Serrijoki, Kätkäaapa N, N67.1673 E27.8772, rich flark fen, 31.07.– 29.09.2015, leg. J . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=29.4389&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=67.7615" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 29.4389/lat 67.7615)">Salmela</a>, DIPT-JS-2016-0297, NVO.BRA-2020- 8 and 2016-0298, NVO.BRA-2020-9, 2 males, (LMM); Finland, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=29.4389&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=67.7615" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 29.4389/lat 67.7615)">Lkor</a>, Savukoski, Ainijärvi, rich fen, 67.7615 29.4389, 30.07.– 28.09.2015, DIPT- JS-2016-0305, 1 male, leg. J . Salmela, NVO. BRA-2020-10 (LMM).</p><p>Diagnosis. Males of the new species are distinguished by having fused and broad leaf-like parameres and aedeagus with divergent apices. Females unknown.</p><p>Description. Male. Colouration. Body uniformly dark, tarsomeres (except of hind basitarsus) slightly paler. Head. Antenna (Figure 1a) with flagellomeres 2–10 or 2–11 usually fused (in some specimens flagellomeres 3–11 only partially fused); flagellum length 0.45–0.51 mm, AR 0.83–0.92 (n=6). Palpus 5-segmented (Figure 1b); third palpal segment with small and shallow sensory pit located on distal half; length 0.031 – 0.040 mm, PR III 2.2–2.6 (n=6); fourth palpal segment bearing 1–2 setae. Thorax. Anepisternum bare, katepisternum with single seta; scutellum bearing 4 marginal setae. Legs slender; hind tibial comb composed of 8–9 large spines (Figure 1c); hind basitarsus with single row of palisade</p><p>Norwegian Journal of Entomology 67, 235–245 (2020)</p><p>setae; hind tarsal ratio TR III 1.5–1.7 (n=7). Claws small, equal-sized, with bifid apices, each with single long seta at base, inner teeth absent. Wing membrane hyaline, without macrotrichia (Figure 1d); two short and similar in length radial cells present, first one slit-like, second one - broader; wing veins pale; wing length 0.78–0.84 mm, CR 0.48–0.52 (n=6). Genitalia (Figures 2–3). Tergite 9 tapering towards broad blunt apex, bearing a pair of small cerci, each with single strong apical seta (Figures 2b, 3a); apicolateral processes not developed; proctiger heavily sclerotized, frame-like, trapezoid-shaped (Figures 2b, 3a, b). Posterior margin of sternite 9 nearly straight (Figures 2a, 3a). Gonocoxite stout, 1.6 times longer than broad. Gonostylus (Figures 2b, 3a) 1.4 times shorter than gonocoxite, stout, evenly curved, with pointed apex. Aedeagus (Figures 2a, 3a, c) heavily sclerotized, nearly completely divided into two long lateral halves, with pointed, slightly divergent apices. Parameres (Figures 2a, 3a, d, e) very broad, leaf-like, fused in basal portion and deeply split distally.</p><p>Female and immature stages. Unknown.</p><p>Etymology. In the Finnish mythology, Surma is a name of a beast patrolling the borders of the underworld Tuonela. The name is a noun in apposition.</p><p>DNA barcoding . The paratype specimen belong to the BIN BOLD: ADD8364, shared by no other members. The nearest specimens are very distant: 30 closest sequences available at the BOLD database have similarity values between 89.74 and 87.31, being assigned to unidentified species of Brachypogon and to Brachypogon sociabilis (Goetghebuer, 1920) .</p><p>Comments. Brachypogon surma sp. n. has unique shape of male genitalia and can’t be confused with any other Palaearctic species of Isohelea . It is close to B. (I.) sevanicus (Remm, 1974) from Armenia in having similar male genitalia with divergent apices of aedeagus; however, the latter species has greatly reduced rod-like parameres which in the new species are large, evenly rounded and fused into a rounded leaf-like structure with a deep incision.</p><p>It is the seventh species (among the valid names) of the subgenus in the Finnish fauna (Huldén &amp; Huldén 2014, Salmela et al. 2015), and the second one described as new from Finland. The first species, B. aquilonalis (Clastrier), was described in 1961, together with B. lapiae (Clastrier) and B. finniae (Clastrier) . However, the latter two names are currently treated as junior synonyms of B. incompletus (Kieffer, 1925) and B. nitidulus (Edwards, 1921), respectively.</p><p>The new species has hitherto been collected from pristine rich fens. Rich fens are mire habitats influenced by calcareous bedrock and characterised by brown mosses (e.g. Scorpidium, Hamatocaulis, Meesia spp.), not by regular peat mosses ( Sphagnum). Such habitats are mostly converted to agricultural land or ditched in southern Finland and in SW Lapland. Rich fens are threatened habitats in Finland and harbour rich plant and invertebrate biota (Salmela &amp; Suuronen 2014, Salmela et al. 2015, Hyvärinen et al. 2019).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1145CF55742DFFE2358430A8FB5FFA84	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Dominiak, Patrycja;Szadziewski, Ryszard;Salmela, Jukka	Dominiak, Patrycja, Szadziewski, Ryszard, Salmela, Jukka (2020): Descriptions of Brachypogon surma sp. n. from Finland and B. singularis (Santos Abreu, 1918) from the Canary Islands (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae). Norwegian Journal of Entomology 67: 235-245, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16006402
1145CF55742FFFE835813528FCF6FF64.text	1145CF55742FFFE835813528FCF6FF64.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Brachypogon singularis (Santos Abreu 1918)	<div><p>Brachypogon singularis (Santos Abreu)</p><p>(Figures 4–7)</p><p>Ceratolophus singularis Santos Abreu, 1918: 317 (female, Canary Islands), Borkent &amp; Dominiak 2020: 156 (nomen dubium).</p><p>Brachypogon singularis: Borkent 1997: 5 (combination, nomen dubium).</p><p>Ceratolophus rufigastris Santos Abreu, 1918: 321 (female, Canary Islands); Borkent &amp; Dominiak 2020: 156 (nomen dubium). Syn. n.</p><p>Norwegian Journal of Entomology 67, 235–245 (2020)</p><p>Brachypogon rufigastris: Borkent 1997: 5 (combination, nomen dubium).</p><p>Ceratolophus obscurus Santos Abreu, 1918: 323 (as variety of rufigastris, female, Canary Islands); Borkent &amp; Dominiak 2020: 156 (nomen dubium). Syn. n.</p><p>Brachypogon obscurus: Borkent 1997: 5 (combination, nomen dubium).</p><p>Material examined. Neotype. Adult male,</p><p>present designation, Spain, labelled as follows:</p><p>B. (I.) singularis, ESP. Gran Canaria, Bco.</p><p>Tirajana, 16 XI 1995, light trap, Baez, Nilsson &amp; Malmqvist, (CEIG). Other materials . Same data as the neotype, 8 males, 2 females, (CEIG) .</p><p>Diagnosis. Males of the species can be easily distinguished by having triangular aedeagus with subapical ring bearing strong ventral spine and two long dorsal plate-like projections, and U-like, strong and pointed parameres. Female similar to other species, with 2 unequal seminal capsules</p><p>Dominiak et al.: Descriptions of Brachypogon surma and B. singularis</p><p>and two internal, rod-like sclerotizations under the abdominal sternite 9.</p><p>Description. Male. Colouration. Body dark. Tarsomeres 1–2, especially those of mid leg, slightly paler; hind basitarsus dark. Head. Antenna (Figure 4a) with flagellomeres 2–5 or 2–10 fused (n=9); total flagellum length 0.65–0.70 mm (n=6), AR 0.95–1.00 (n=5). Palpus (Figure 4b) with third palpal segment stout, with well-defined shallow sensory pit located on distal half; length 0.044–</p><p>Norwegian Journal of Entomology 67, 235–245 (2020)</p><p>0.052 mm, PR III 1.7–2.1 (n=7); fourth palpal segment with 2–3 setae. Thorax. Anepisternum bare, katepisternum with single seta; scutellum with 4 marginal setae. Legs slender; hind leg with tibial comb composed of 7–9 large spines (n=9), and basitarsus with single row of palisade setae (Figure 4c); tarsomere 5 of all legs with small, equal-sized claws, lacking inner teeth, each with single long basal seta at base and with bifid apex; hind tarsal ratio TR</p><p>III</p><p>1.5–1.7 (n=8). Wing membrane slightly infuscated (Figure 4d), with some macrotrichia along apical margin; two short radial cells present, similar in length, first one slit-like, second broader; wing veins infuscated; wing length 1.10–1.20 mm, CR 0.53–0.54 (n=5). Genitalia (Figures 7a–h). Apicolateral processes of tergite 9 weakly developed (Figures 7a, b, d, e), each bearing single seta. Cerci small, each with single strong seta (Figures 7a–c). Proctiger heavily sclerotized, rectangular, frame-like (Figures 7a, b). Posterior margin of sternite 9 gently rounded (Figure 7a). Gonocoxite stout, 1.7 times longer than broad (Figure 7a). Gonostylus nearly as long as gonocoxite, straight, with slightly pointed apex (Figure 7a). Aedeagus triangular with high basal arch (Figures 7f, g); subapical ring armed with strong ventral spine curved ventrally and two dorsal long plate-like projections. Parameres (Figure 7h) with dorsobasal half relatively long, with well-established horn-like lateral processes; ventroapical half with basal part fused and apical part bifid, composed of two horn-like apicolateral processes.</p><p>Female. Colouration. Body dark. Tarsomeres 1–2, especially those of mid leg, slightly paler; hind basitarsus dark. Abdomen slightly paler (in both specimens examined filled with eggs). Head. Antenna with 8 proximal flagellomeres ovoid to subcylindrical, and 5 distal flagellomeres cylindrical; length of flagellum 0.43–0.44 mm, AR 1.22–1.23 (n=2). Maxillary palp (Figure 5a) with third palpal segment stout, with large but shallow sensory pit located apically; length 0.046 –0.049 mm, PR III 1.6–1.9 (n=2); fourth palpal segment bearing 2–3 setae. Mandible with 12 teeth, smaller in basal half, bigger towards apex (Figure 5a). Thorax. Anepisternum bare, katepisternum bearing single seta; scutellum with 4 setae. Femora and tibiae of all legs slender; hind tibial comb composed of 8–9 spines (Figure 5b); hind basitarsus armed with single row of palisade setae; all legs with tarsomere 4 subcylindrical and tarsomere 5 armed with slightly unequal large claws (Figure 5b), each with basal inner tooth; hind tarsal ratio TR III 1.9–2.0 (n=2). Wing membrane with single row of macrotrichia along whole distal and posterior margin (Figure 5c); two short and narrow radial cells present; wing veins infuscated; wing length 1.16 mm, CR 0.61 (n=1). Genitalia (Figures 6a, 7i). Sternite 8 divided lengthwise, separated from tergite 8, desclerotized medially, with broad triangular excavation on posterior margin. Medioventral halves of sternite 9 with slender, pointed arm; two internal, rod-like sclerotizations under sternite 9 present (Figures 6a, 7i). Sternite 10 with one pair of setae. Two ovoid, unequal, highly sclerotized seminal capsules present (Figure 6b), dimension (mean values) 0.054x 0.033 mm and 0.075x 0.054 mm (n=2).</p><p>Immature stages. Unknown.</p><p>Comments. The remains of the Santos Abreu’s collection of biting midges from the Canaries were examined by Borkent (1997), who designated the lectotypes, proposed several new junior synonyms, and treated some other names as nomina dubia. Among the latter, there are three names originally placed in the genus Ceratolophus Kieffer, 1899 but belonging to the subgenus Isohelea of Brachypogon, i.e. singularis (p. 317), rufigastris (p. 321) and obscurus (p. 323, as variety of rufigastris). The type materials of these are believed to be destroyed (Borkent 1997). In the new world catalogue of biting midges (Borkent &amp; Dominiak 2020) all these names were still treated as nomina dubia. In order to clarify the taxonomic status of these names and to stabilize the nomenclature within the taxonomically complicated subgenus Isohelea, we selected a male specimen of Brachypogon collected in the Canary Islands and designated here a neotype for Ceratolophus singularis Santos Abreu, 1918 . Among the materials examined there were specimens of both sexes, and the females perfectly fit to the description of this species given by Santos Abreu. Regarding the two remaining names, we propose here to treat them as conspecific, and moreover – as synonymous with B. singularis (new synonyms). Except of rather unimportant differences in colouration of the body, there are no other characters which allow to distinguish B. rufigastris and B. obscurus . According to the original description (Santos Abreu 1918) female of B. rufigastris is characterized in having hind basitarsus as long as the combined length of two next tarsomeres (three tarsomeres in B. singularis) and equal claws lacking inner teeth (slightly unequal with inner teeth in B. singularis). However, when the results of Borkent’s (1997) study are taken into the consideration, it appears obvious, that the specific traits indicated by Santos Abreu as crucial for species delimitation are of much less taxonomic value. Borkent (loc. cit.) proved that many names authored by Santos Abreu are synonymous. It is essential to mention that biting midges of the genus Brachypogon are minute and especially females look very much alike, and thus their correct identification based on pinned specimens seems to be quite impossible or at least may cause difficulties.</p><p>Brachypogon singularis and B. clavatus (Clastrier, 1966) are two species of the subgenus Isohelea currently known from the Canaries.</p><p>Rudimentary internal sclerites under the abdominal sternite 9 in females of B. singularis are homologous to those present in females of the subgenus Wirthomyia Vargas, 1973 of Culicoides Latreille, 1809 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1145CF55742FFFE835813528FCF6FF64	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Dominiak, Patrycja;Szadziewski, Ryszard;Salmela, Jukka	Dominiak, Patrycja, Szadziewski, Ryszard, Salmela, Jukka (2020): Descriptions of Brachypogon surma sp. n. from Finland and B. singularis (Santos Abreu, 1918) from the Canary Islands (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae). Norwegian Journal of Entomology 67: 235-245, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16006402
