identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
5C7CC9C8CE8D5331962025E86354559E.text	5C7CC9C8CE8D5331962025E86354559E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Enoploides parakoreanus Meng & Liang & Wang 2025	<div><p>Enoploides parakoreanus sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 3, 4, 5, Table 4</p><p>Type material.</p><p>One male and three females were measured and studied. Holotype: m # 1 on slide 23 TJGK-D-3-2-1; paratypes: f # 1 on 23 TJGK-X-4, f # 2 on 23 TJGK-D-3-1-2; f # 3 on 23 TJGK-D-3-1-10 .</p><p>Type locality and habitat.</p><p>All specimens were collected from Changdao Island, Shandong Province, China. 38°9'N, 120°44'E (TJGK), 0–8 cm sediment depth, sandy sediment.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific name refers to the morphological character similar to Enoploides koreanus .</p><p>Measurement.</p><p>All measurement data can be found in Table 4.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male. Body medium-sized and cuticle smooth. Three lips high, with its border heavily striated with grooves, each lip with two inner labial setae (0.62 head diameters in length). Six longer outer labial setae and four shorter cephalic setae in one circle, situated at anterior portion of cephalic capsule. Eight subcephalic setae at posterior end of cephalic capsule, two in each group. Buccal cavity wide and funnel-shaped, armed with three equally sized mandibles. Mandibles Y-shaped, two lateral bars each with claw-like distal end converging into one solid bar, curving inwards to the lumen. Three onchia equal-sized, posterior to each base of mandible. Amphidial fovea not observed. Pharynx long with grooves and sinuous external contours. Nerve rings anterior to middle pharynx region (30.6 % of pharynx length). Secretory-excretory pore not observed. Cardia inverse triangular shaped, embedded into the intestine. Somatic setae irregularly scattered along the cervical region. Metanemes not observed.</p><p>Testes paired and outstretched, anterior and posterior testes to the right of the intestine. Spicules paired, slightly curved, 0.82 cloacal body diameters in length. Gubernaculum simple, sleeve-shaped, parallel to distal end of spicules. Precloacal supplement tubular-shaped, 8 µm in length, 105 µm from cloacal. Tail conical-cylindrical. Caudal setae present and two caudal glands with a common duct.</p><p>Female. Similar to males in most respects except subcephalic setae absent. Vulva located at posterior portion of the body (62–64 % of the body length from the anterior end). Reproductive system didelphic-amphidelphic, ovaries reflexed. Vagina with thick walls and well-developed sphincter muscles.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Enoploides parakoreanus sp. nov. is characterized by body medium-sized, mandibles Y-shaped with distal end claw-like, three equal-sized teeth, spicules paired and slightly curved, gubernaculum sleeve-shaped and enclosing the distal end of spicules, precloacal supplement tubular-shaped, tail conical-cylindrical.</p><p>Genus Enoploides consists of 27 valid species and can be divided into two groups by the length of spicules: the first group with short spicules (&lt;150 µm); the second group with long spicules (&gt; 150 µm). Enoploides parakoreanus sp. nov. belongs to the first group. The new species differs from other species of Enoploides with spicules slightly curved. Enoploides parakoreanus sp. nov. is similar to E. cirrhatus Filipjev, 1918, E. disparilis Sergeeva, 1974, E. koreanus Jeong, Tchesunov &amp; Lee, 2020, with short spicules, but differs from E. cirrhatus in body length (2627–3382 µm vs. 4350 µm), de Man’s a values (46.9–56.6 vs. 26), and precloacal supplement (one tubular supplement vs. seven pairs of precloacal papillae) (Filipjev 1918); differs from E. disparilis in precloacal supplement (one supplement vs. absent), de Man’s c ratio (16.6–18.7 vs. 9) (Sergeeva 1974); differs from E. koreanus in outer labial setae length (51–67 µm vs. 30–43 µm), spicules shape (spicules slightly curved vs. curved at obtuse angle), and gubernaculum length (21 µm vs. 12 µm) (Jeong et al. 2020).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5C7CC9C8CE8D5331962025E86354559E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Meng, Zhiyu;Liang, Huixin;Wang, Chunming	Meng, Zhiyu, Liang, Huixin, Wang, Chunming (2025): Phylogenetic analysis within Monhysteridae and Thoracostomopsidae based on rDNA sequences and two new species from the Yellow Sea, China. Zoosystematics and Evolution 101 (3): 1339-1358, DOI: 10.3897/zse.101.154881
AB1E6671BE7F5BCBAB5A13552BB3B05B.text	AB1E6671BE7F5BCBAB5A13552BB3B05B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Enoplolaimus lenunculus Wieser 1959	<div><p>Description of Enoplolaimus lenunculus Wieser, 1959</p><p>Figs 6, 7, 8, Table 5</p><p>Materials examined.</p><p>Four males and three females were collected from Station TJGK in October 2023. ♂ 1 on slide number 23 TJGK-Q-3-1-5; m # 2, m # 3, and f # 3 on 23 TJGK-Q-3-1-3; f # 1 and f # 2 on TJGK-Q-3-1-6 .</p><p>Collection locality and habitat.</p><p>All specimens were collected from Changdao Island, Shandong Province, China. 38°9'N, 120°44'E (TJGK), 0–2 cm sediment depth, sandy sediment.</p><p>Measurement.</p><p>All measurement data can be found in Table 5.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male. Body long, cylindrical, slightly tapered posteriorly. Cuticle smooth. Head dome-shaped and set off with three lips, without striations. Each lip carrying a triangular lip lobe and separated by clefts, bearing two inner labial sensilla. Cephalic organ oval-shaped, just posterior to inner labial setae. Six inner labial setae long, 0.39–0.51 head diameter in length. Six outer labial setae and four cephalic setae in one circle, positioned at level of posterior margin of cephalic capsule. Rows of 8 subcephalic setae situated behind the cephalic sensilla, 15–17 µm in length. Cephalic capsule well developed. Buccal cavity conical with three equal-sized mandibles and three onchia. Mandibles well developed, each consisting of two lateral rods and one curved bar. Three onchia, one dorsal large and two ventrosublateral small. Amphidial fovea and excretory pore not observed. Pharynx cylindrical.</p><p>Male reproductive system diorchic, anterior and posterior testes outstretched. Spicules arcuated and symmetrical, 1.3–1.7 cloacal body diameters in length. Gubernaculum short. Precloacal supplement tubular-shaped, 8 µm in length, 72–82 µm from cloacal. Tail conico-cylindrical with terminal setae, 2.8–3.4 cloacal body diameters in length. Three caudal glands with a common duct.</p><p>Female. Similar to male in general body shape. Reproductive system didelphic and amphidelphic, ovaries reflexed. Vagina with thick walls. Sphincter muscles well developed, present at oviduct and posterior ovary. Vulva located at slightly posterior portion of the body (57–62 % of the body length from the anterior end).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>The Changdao specimens are largely consistent with the description of E. lenunculus by Wieser (1959) based on specimens from Bainbridge Island. However, the following discrepancies were observed between specimens from Changdao and the Bainbridge Island: subcephalic setae (absent in original description), cephalic setae length (16–23 µm vs. 12 µm), tail length (2.8–3.2 a. b. d. vs. 3.3–3.5 a. b. d.), and supplement distance from cloacal (72–82 µm vs. 90 µm).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AB1E6671BE7F5BCBAB5A13552BB3B05B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Meng, Zhiyu;Liang, Huixin;Wang, Chunming	Meng, Zhiyu, Liang, Huixin, Wang, Chunming (2025): Phylogenetic analysis within Monhysteridae and Thoracostomopsidae based on rDNA sequences and two new species from the Yellow Sea, China. Zoosystematics and Evolution 101 (3): 1339-1358, DOI: 10.3897/zse.101.154881
28D04BE5D65D52ED98EC91503AC41C21.text	28D04BE5D65D52ED98EC91503AC41C21.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thalassomonhystera tortospicula Meng & Liang & Wang 2025	<div><p>Thalassomonhystera tortospicula sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 1, 2, Table 3</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Four males and three females were collected from Station CDLJ in March 2023. Holotype: • ♂ 1 on slide number 23 CDLJ 4-4, paratypes: • m # 2, m # 3, m # 4 and f # 1 on 23 CDLJ 4-1; f # 2 on 23 CDLJ 4-3, f # 3 on 23 CDLJ 4-4 .</p><p>Type locality and habitat.</p><p>All specimens were collected from Changdao Island, Shandong Province, China. 37°54'N, 120°45'E (LJ), 0–2 cm sediment depth, sandy sediment.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific name refers to spicules shape jointed.</p><p>Measurement.</p><p>All measurement data can be found in Table 3.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male. Body medium-sized, anterior and posterior body ends narrowed. Cuticle finely striated. Inner labial sensillae papilliform. Six outer labial setae and four head setae short and in one circle. Cervical setae not found. Amphidial fovea small and circular (28–33 % c. b. d.), situated at the end of buccal cavity. Cheilostoma extensive with sclerotized walls. Buccal cavity funnel-shaped. The pharynx slender, muscular, slightly expanding to its base. Nerve ring at 49–63 % of pharynx length. Cardia muscular and inverse triangular-shaped, protruding into the lumen of the intestine. Excretory gland positioned posterior to the pharynx region and excretory pore posterior to nerve ring.</p><p>Single testis outstretched and located to the right of the intestine. Spicules paired and strongly curved, proximal end not cephalated and twisted at one-third from proximal end, distal end tapered, 1.5–1.6 cloacal body diameters in length. Gubernaculum with dorsal-caudal directed apophysis, 0.36–0.42 cloacal body diameters. Tail conical-cylindrical, cylindrical portion 27.6–31.2 %. Three caudal glands in line with a common secretory pore.</p><p>Female. Similar to males in most respects except amphidial fovea smaller (20.6 % – 21.9 %). Ovary outstretched and prodelphic, located to the right of intestine. Vulva located at posterior portion of the body (62–64 % of the body length from the anterior end), 212–238 µm from anus.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Thalassomonhystera tortospicula sp. nov. is characterized by body medium sized, outer and labial setae short, amphidial fovea positioned at the buccal cavity, spicules twisted, gubernaculum with dorsal-caudal directed apophysis, tail conical-cylindrical.</p><p>The new species differs from other species of Thalassomonhystera in the spicules anterior twisted. Thalassomonhystera tortospicula sp. nov. is similar to Thalassomonhystera attenuata Jacobs, 1987, Thalassomonhystera lepta Gagarin &amp; Nguyen Dinh Tu, 2021, Thalassomonhystera parva (Bastian, 1865) Jacobs, 1987, Thalassomonhystera siamensis Kito &amp; Aryuthaka, 1998 with amphidial fovea position, but differs from T. attenuata in spicules length (1.5–1.6 cloacal body diameters vs. 1.1 cloacal body diameters) and gubernaculum length (9–11 µm vs. 7 µm) (Jacobs 1987); differs from T. lepta in outer labial setae length (4 µm vs. 6.5–8.5 µm) and tail shape (conical-cylindrical vs. elongated conical) (Gagarin and Tu 2021); differs from T. parva in absence of cervical setae (present in T. parva), secretory pore position (posterior to nerve ring vs. anterior to nerve ring) (Jacobs 1987); differs from T. siamensis in body length (883–1039 µm vs. 497–655 µm), absence of cervical setae (present in T. siamensis), and gubernaculum apophysis shape (straight vs. curved) (Kito and Aryuthaka 1998).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/28D04BE5D65D52ED98EC91503AC41C21	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Meng, Zhiyu;Liang, Huixin;Wang, Chunming	Meng, Zhiyu, Liang, Huixin, Wang, Chunming (2025): Phylogenetic analysis within Monhysteridae and Thoracostomopsidae based on rDNA sequences and two new species from the Yellow Sea, China. Zoosystematics and Evolution 101 (3): 1339-1358, DOI: 10.3897/zse.101.154881
