identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
173187E9DD12FFCF265A4E81FD9860D2.text	173187E9DD12FFCF265A4E81FD9860D2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Physocephala Schiner 1861	<div><p>Physocephala Schiner, 1861</p><p>= Pseudodacus Kröber 1915, homonym of Pseudodacus Hendel, 1914 [ Tephritidae]</p><p>= Dacops Speiser, 1923 (syn. nov.)</p><p>= Archiphysocephala Kröber, 1939 [Camras 1957, Smith &amp; Cunningham-van Someren 1970]</p><p>= Pseudophysocephala Kröber, 1940 (syn. nov.)</p><p>Although Physocephala species are among some of the most conspicuous and beautiful Conopidae the identifi- cation of species is very difficult due to high infraspecific variation and the lack of stable characters to divide the genus in groups. Key 1 presents a new attempt to distin- guish species-groups but we are very aware that this re- mains problematic. In many cases it will not be possible to identify single specimens of difficult species without comparative material. Much patience is necessary, and no little frustration encountered, when identifying Afro- tropical Physocephala !</p><p>It should be noted that the species-groups given below are not intended to represent natural monophyletic groupings but are merely an attempt to provide a starting point for the identification of species within this large ge- nus. Where our species-groups are identical to those pre- viously identified by Camras (2001) we have retained the same species-group name, but where they are constituted or interpreted differently we have used a different name in order to minimise confusion in the future.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/173187E9DD12FFCF265A4E81FD9860D2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Stuke, Jens-Hermann;Clements, David K.	Stuke, Jens-Hermann, Clements, David K. (2019): New conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera) - Part 3: Physocephalini. Bonn zoological Bulletin 68 (2): 209-273, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2019.68.2.209, URL: https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/2d30fdc3-47e4-355c-b575-0cbcb9209acd/
173187E9DD15FFC925F2487EFEAD67F6.text	173187E9DD15FFC925F2487EFEAD67F6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Physocephala abdominalis (Krober 1915)	<div><p>Physocephala abdominalis species-group</p><p>Species of the Physocephala abdominalis group were previously placed in the genus Dacops . Females are easily recognised by the unique spoon-shaped structure which projects ventrally at the apex of the abdomen, and the lack of any theca (Figs 2, 3). The precise morpho- logical derivation of the spoon-shaped structure is not obvious to us, and does not appear to have been estab- lished elsewhere, but given the scarcity of the available material we have not carried out any dissections as the structure is clearly visible without. Males are much more difficult to diagnose because all of the characters used in Key 1 are variable, and atypical forms occur. Males of Physocephala kaplanae may occasionally have a re- duced radial-medial crossvein and barely developed vena spuria, making them easy to misidentify as a member of the microvena group, although the characteristic male postabdomen shape, as described in Key 1, should never- theless allow these to be safely assigned. All members of the abdominalis species-group are confined to the Afro- tropical Region.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/173187E9DD15FFC925F2487EFEAD67F6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Stuke, Jens-Hermann;Clements, David K.	Stuke, Jens-Hermann, Clements, David K. (2019): New conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera) - Part 3: Physocephalini. Bonn zoological Bulletin 68 (2): 209-273, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2019.68.2.209, URL: https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/2d30fdc3-47e4-355c-b575-0cbcb9209acd/
173187E9DD15FFCB267F4B92FB8D6187.text	173187E9DD15FFCB267F4B92FB8D6187.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Physocephala abdominalis (Krober 1915)	<div><p>P. abdominalis (Kröber, 1915)</p><p>(Figs 1–5)</p><p>Pseudodacus abdominalis Kröber 1915</p><p>= Pseudodacus apicalis Kröber, 1915</p><p>= Physocephala fascipennis Brunetti, 1925</p><p>= Conops patelliformis Séguy, 1933</p><p>Primary type material examined. 1♂ syntype of Physocephala fascipennis Brunetti, 1925: (1) “Syn - / type”; (2) “12.II.11 / Caia / Zambesi / Dhawar / H. Swale. ”; (3) “Pres. by / Impl. Bureau Ent. / 1915 - 164”; (4) “ Physo. / fascipennis / Brun. Type ♂ / Det. E. Brunetti 1924”; (5) “BMNH(E)# / 249047”; coll. NHML .</p><p>1♀ syntype of Physocephala fascipennis Brunetti, 1925: (1) “Syn - / type”; (2) “ Nyasaland / Cholo / R. C. Wood ”; (3) “Pres. by / Imp. Bur. Ent. / Brit. Mus. / 1924 - 306”; (4) “ Physo. / fascipennis / Brun. Type ♀ / Det. E. Brunetti 1924”; (5) “BMNH(E)# / 249048”; coll. NHML .</p><p>Additional material. BENIN: 1♀, vi.2002, Pénéssou- lou, forest area [09°15’58.26″N 01°33’04.81″E], leg. G. Goergen, coll. IITA; 1♂, 28.i.2018, Togbota, leg. G. Go- ergen, coll. IITA; DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CON- GO: 1♂, iv.1913, Congo da Lemba, det. as P. fascipennis by Brunetti 1925, leg. R. Mayné, coll. MRAC; 1♂, 1942, Bas-Congo, Mayidi, leg. P. Van Eyen, coll. ISNB; 1♀, 1945, ditto; ETHIOPIA: 1♀, iii.1969, Bahir Dar, leg. Schäuffele, coll. SMNS; 2♂♂, 30.–31.v.2015, Sof Umer [6°54′N 40°51′E], 1200 m, leg. J. Halada, coll. CULSP; KENYA: 1♂, xi.1948, Garissa-Bura, Tana River, det. as D. abdominalis by Camras 1999, leg. van Someren, coll. NHML [NHMUK010922084]; 1♂, 12.x.1998, Morigat, leg. F. Kaplan, A. Freidberg, coll. TAUI; 1♀, 12.–26.ii.2005, Nyanza Province, Ungoye Field Station [0°36.91′S 34°05.52′E], 1147 m, leg. R. Copeland, coll. NMKE; MALAWI: 1♂, 11.v.1916, Nyasaland, Ruo Val- ley, 1000–2000 ft, des. as syntype of P. fascipennis, leg. R. C. Wood, coll. NHML [NHMUK010922076]; MO- ZAMBIQUE: 1♀, 19.–30.iv.2015, Sofala pr., Gorongosa Park, small lake [18°56′39″E 34°26′35″E], 30 m, Mal- aise trap, leg. M. Hauser, A. Rung, coll. PMHA; SOUTH AFRICA: 1♂, i.2000, Mondl Forest, Hilton, KZN, leg. Lyawb, coll. PMHA; 1 specimen, i.–iii.1927, Natal, Weenen, det. as D. abdominalis by Kröber 1930, leg. H. P. Thommaset, coll. NHML [NHMUK010922090]; 1♀, xii.1923, Natal, Weenen, det. as D. fascipennis by Brunetti 1924, leg. H. P. Thommaset, coll. NHML [NHMUK010922093]; 1 specimen, 2.x.1915, Umbilo, Durban, Natal, des. as syntype of P. fascipennis, [col- lector unknown], coll. NHML [NHMUK010922077]; 1♂, iv.1955, Cape Province, Grahamstown, det. as D. fascipennis by Smith 1957, leg. Allison, coll. NHML [NHMUK010922088]; 1♂, 26.xi.1958, Cape Province, Grahamstown, leg. C. Jacot-Guillarmod, coll. AMGS; 1♂, 2.xii.1958, ditto; 1♀, 17.xi.1961, Cape Province, Grahamstown, leg. E. McC Callan, coll. AMGS; 1♂, 19.xii.1971, Cape Province, Grahamstown, det. as D. abdominalis by Camras 2000, leg. D. J. Greathead, coll. NHML [NHMUK010922085]; 1♀, 26.ii.1987, Cape Province, Grahamstown, leg. P. E. Hulley, coll. AMGS; 1♂, 7.vii.2002, Cape Province, Grahamstown [33.17°S 26.31°E], leg. H. V. Lewis, coll. AMGS; 1♀, 15.ix.2006, Cape Province, Grahamstown [33°23′S 26°29′E], leg. A. McClure, coll. AMGS; 1♂, 4.iv.1981, Cape Province, Grahamstown [33°19′S 26°31′E], leg. G. T. Lloyd, coll. AMGS; 1♀, 10.iii.1981, Cape Province, Grahamstown, 200 Dept. window [33.19S 26.32E], leg. E. Nieman, coll. AMGS; 2♂♂, 22.i.1970, Cape Province, Grahamstown, Belmont Valley, on flowering Foeniculum vulgare Mill., leg. F. W. Gess, coll. AMGS; 2♂♂, 23.i.1970, Cape Province, Grahamstown, Belmont Valley, on flowering Foeniculum vulgare Mill., leg. F. W. Gess, coll. AMGS; 2♂♂, 26.i.1970, Cape Province, Grahamstown, Belmont Valley, on flowering Foeniculum vulgare Mill., leg. F. W. Gess, coll. AMGS; 1♂ 1♀, 25.i.1972, Cape Province, Grahamstown, Belmont Valley, leg. F. W. Gess, coll. AMGS; 1♂, 6.i.1977, Cape Province, Grahamstown, Hil- ton [-33.310629 26.525595], on Acacia karroo flowers, leg. D. W. Gees, coll. AMGS; 1♂, 2.xii.1979, Cape Prov- ince, Grahamstown, Hilton [-33.310629 26.525595], leg. F. W. Gees, S. K. Gees, coll. AMGS; 1♂, 6.–14.i.1972, Cape Province, Grahamstown, Howison´s l′oort, leg. F. W. Gess, coll. AMGS; 1♀, 19.–22.xi-1971, ditto; 1♂, 8.–9.iv.1979, Cape Province, Salt Vlei, Port Alfred, leg. A. E. Mel. Collan, coll. AMGS; 1♂, 19.xi.1999, East- ern Cape Province, 37 km nw of Steytlerville [33°11′S 24°10′E], 695 m, leg. M. Hauser, coll. PMHA; 1♂, 1.–10.ii.1933, Eastern Cape Province, Katberg, det. as D. abdominalis by Kröber 1938, leg. R. E. Turner, coll. NHML [NHMUK010922087]; 1♂, 1.–10.ii.1933, Eastern Cape Province, Katberg, det. as D. abdominalis by Kröber 1938, leg. R. E. Turner, coll. NHML [NHMUK010922089]; 1♀, 1.–10.ii.1933, Eastern Cape Province, Katberg, det. as D. abdominalis by Kröber 1938, leg. R. E. Turner, coll. NHML [NHMUK010922092]; 1♀, 1.–10.ii.1933, Eastern Cape Province, Katberg, det. as D. abdominalis by Kröber 1938, leg. R. E. Turner, coll. NHML [NHMUK010922094]; 1♂, 1.–10.ii.1933, Eastern Cape Province, Katberg, det. as P. platycephala by Kröber, 1938, det. as P. rufitarsis by Camras 2000, leg. R. E. Turner, coll. NHML [NHMUK010922157]; 1♂, 26.ix.2010, Free State Province, Bloemfontein, 10 Jan Venter Street [29°06′12″S 26°08′42″E], leg. R. J. Nuttall, coll. BMSA; 1♀, 26.ix.2010, Free State Prov- ince, Bloemfontein, 10 Jan Venter Street [29°06′12″S 26°08′42″E], on window, leg. R. J. Nuttall, coll. BMSA; 1♂, xii.2009, Free State Province, Bloemfontein, Nation- al Museum Library [29°6′54.35″S 26°13′9.72″E], leg. L. Coetzee, coll. BMSA; 1♀, 13.xii.2012, KwaZulu-Natal Province, Pietermaritzburg, Kwela Lodge, 940 m, leg. B. Lechner, coll. PASS; 1♂, 22.–25.xi.2003, Mpumalanga Province, 30 km ne Lydenbrug near Ohrig, leg. J. Hala- da, coll. CULSP; 1♀, no date, Natal Province, Howick, des. as syntype of P. fascipennis, leg. J. P. Gregor, coll. NHML [NHMUK010922078]; 1♂, 14.i.1953, Natal Province, St. Michaele, det. as D. fascipennis by Smith 1957, on flowers of Scutia myrtina, leg. E. McC Callan, coll. NHML [NHMUK010922086]; 1♂, 28.iv.2002, Western Cape Province, Nature Valley, 33 23 DC, leg. L. de Wet, coll. AMGS; TANZANIA: 1♂, 10.v.1956, Old Shinyanga, Block 9, det. as P. caenoneura by Emden 1950, leg. E. Burtt., coll. NHML [NHMUK010922143]; ZIMBABWE: 1♀, 13.iii.1936, Salisbury [= Hara- re] [17.84 31.05], leg. W. L. Williams, coll. NHML [NHMUK010922091]; 1♂, 24.vii.1958, Salisbury [= Harare] [17.84 31.05], leg. A. D. Graham, coll. AMGS; 1♀, ii.1987, Zambesi Valley, Rekometjie [16°10′S 29°25′E], leg. S. Gussmann, coll. ZFMK; UNKNOWN LOCATION: 1♀, 27.xii.1937, [characters illegible], det. as D. abdominalis by Kröber 1938, leg. A. I. Bevis, coll. NHML [NHMUK010922095].</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/173187E9DD15FFCB267F4B92FB8D6187	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Stuke, Jens-Hermann;Clements, David K.	Stuke, Jens-Hermann, Clements, David K. (2019): New conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera) - Part 3: Physocephalini. Bonn zoological Bulletin 68 (2): 209-273, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2019.68.2.209, URL: https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/2d30fdc3-47e4-355c-b575-0cbcb9209acd/
173187E9DD17FFC4267F4897FED7600B.text	173187E9DD17FFC4267F4897FED7600B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Physocephala kaplanae (Camras 2001)	<div><p>P. kaplanae (Camras, 2001)</p><p>(Fig. 6)</p><p>Dacops kaplanae Camras 2001</p><p>Material. CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC: 1♀, 17.xii.2008, 45 km e Nola [03°40′N 16°26′E], 570 m, leg. J. Halada, coll. CULSP; DEMOCRATIC REPUB- LIC OF CONGO: 1♂, 1968, Tshuapa, Bamanya, leg. P. Hulstaert, coll. MRAC; ETHIOPIA: 1♀, 4.xi.2018, Bahir Dar [11.597292°N 37.355696°E], leg. G. Goergen, coll. IITA; 1♀, 11.xii.2014, Bonga, Strassensaum, 1955 m [07°14′09″N 036°16′36″E], leg. H.-J. Flügel, coll. PHJF; 1♂, 20.ix.2012, Chencha, 1916 m [06°09′N 37°34′E], leg. A. Pauly, coll. ISNB; 1♂, 1912, Harar, leg. S. V. Kris- tensen, coll. ZMHB; 1♀, 18.x.1957, near Axum, paratype of P. kaplanae, det. as D. abdominalis by Smith 1969, leg. D. J. Greathead, coll. NHML [NHMUK010922075]; GABON: 1♂, 11.–12.iii.1990, Wolen-Ntem, Monts de Christal, Tchimbelé, 600 m [00°37′N 10°24′E], leg. J. J. Wieringa, coll. RMNH.</p><p>It is possible that P. kaplanae is nothing more than a darker form of P. abdominalis, although we are not aware of any intermediates and therefore accept the validity of this species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/173187E9DD17FFC4267F4897FED7600B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Stuke, Jens-Hermann;Clements, David K.	Stuke, Jens-Hermann, Clements, David K. (2019): New conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera) - Part 3: Physocephalini. Bonn zoological Bulletin 68 (2): 209-273, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2019.68.2.209, URL: https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/2d30fdc3-47e4-355c-b575-0cbcb9209acd/
173187E9DD18FFC425D9490BFDA26690.text	173187E9DD18FFC425D9490BFDA26690.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Physocephala antiqua (Wiedemann 1830)	<div><p>Physocephala antiqua species-group</p><p>All of those species which Camras (2001) placed in his maculipes and similis species-groups are herewith includ- ed within the antiqua species-group. The segregation of the Camras species-groups is difficult or impossible due to the extreme variability of the characters used to sepa- rate them, and it is therefore more convenient to combine them. In general, members of the antiqua species-group have a very typical Physocephala habitus lacking any atypical characters other than an extremely short aris- ta. Careful evaluation of the character combination set out in Key 1 is necessary to distinguish members of this group, however, especially males. Several species of this group are restricted to the Afrotropical Region but oth- ers have a wider distribution which reaches into southern and central Europe, with some also reaching eastwards as far as China and Mongolia. The species-group also con- tains several Palaearctic species which are not currently known from the Afrotropical Region.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/173187E9DD18FFC425D9490BFDA26690	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Stuke, Jens-Hermann;Clements, David K.	Stuke, Jens-Hermann, Clements, David K. (2019): New conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera) - Part 3: Physocephalini. Bonn zoological Bulletin 68 (2): 209-273, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2019.68.2.209, URL: https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/2d30fdc3-47e4-355c-b575-0cbcb9209acd/
173187E9DD18FFC2265A4E86FDE8611B.text	173187E9DD18FFC2265A4E86FDE8611B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Physocephala antiqua (Wiedemann 1830)	<div><p>P. antiqua (Wiedemann, 1830)</p><p>(Figs 7–10)</p><p>Conops antiqua Wiedemann 1830</p><p>= Conops maculipes Bigot, 1887 syn. nov.</p><p>= Conops interrupta Bezzi, 1901</p><p>= Conops erythraspis Bezzi, 1901</p><p>= Physocephala flavifacies Kröber, 1915</p><p>= Physocephala limbata Kröber, 1915</p><p>= Physocephala rubicunda Kröber, 1915</p><p>= Physocephala madagascariensis Kröber, 1915 syn. nov. = Physocephala gracilia Kröber, 1915 syn. nov.</p><p>= Physocephala decisa Brunetti, 1925</p><p>= Physocephala brevistylata Kröber, 1931</p><p>= Physocephala minutissima Kröber, 1933 syn. nov.</p><p>= Physocephala nigroscutellata Kröber, 1933</p><p>Primary type material examined. ♀ holotype of Conops maculipes Bigot, 1887: (1) “Holo - / type”; (2) “ S. Africa: / Cape of Good Hope. / ex coll. J. Bigot / ex coll. G. H. Verrall / B.M. 1914-500 [strikethrough]”; (3) “ C. maculigera ♀ / Cap. B. Hop. ”; coll. NHML .</p><p>♂ holotype of Physocephala rubicunda Kröber, 1915: (1)”3055”; (2) “Type”; (3) “ Physocephala ♂ / rubicunda Krb. / O. Kröber det. 1914”; coll. ZMHB.</p><p>♂ syntype of Physocephala decisa Brunetti 1925: (1) “ Syn- / type”; (2) “N. E. Rhodesia. / Upper Luangwa R. / 27 July 13 Aug. 1910. / S. A. Neave ”; (3) “ Physocephala / decisa / Brun. Type ♂ / Det. E. Brunetti 1924”; (4) “BMNH(E)# / 249074”; coll. NHML .</p><p>♀ syntype of Physocephala decisa Brunetti 1925: (1) “ Syn- / type”; (2) “N. E. Rhodesia. / Upper Luangwa R. / 27 July 13 Aug. 1910. / S. A. Neave ”; (3) “ Physocephala / decisa / Brun. Type ♀ / Det. E. Brunetti 1924”; (4) “BMNH(E)# / 249077”; coll. NHML .</p><p>♀ syntype of Physocephala decisa Brunetti 1925: (1) “ Syn- / type”; (2) “ Rusapi / S. Rhodesia / 19.12.1920 / Rhodesi / Museum”; (3) “Pres. by. / Imp. Bur. Ent. / Brit. Mus. / 1924-306”; (4) “ Physocephala / decisa / Brun. / Type ♀ / Det. E. Brunetti 1924”; (5) “BMNH(E)# / 249075”; coll. NHML .</p><p>♂ holotype of Physocephala minutissima Kröber, 1933: (1) “1” “ Holo- / type”; (2) “ Type ”; (3) “8.6.16 / Ruo / Nyasaland / 200 ft / R. C. Wood / 601.”; (4) “Pres. by. / Imp. Inst. Ent. / Brit. Mus. / 1931-480”; (5) “ Physocephala / minutissima / ♂ Krb”; (6) “BMNH(E)# / 249071”; coll. NHML .</p><p>♀ holotype of Physocephala nigroscutellata Kröber 1933: (1) “ Holo- / type”; (2) “Type”; (3) “Lady Grey / 1 Feb. 1924 / R. I. Nel ”; (4) “Pres. by / Imp. Inst. Ent. / Brit. Mus. / 1932-143.”; (5) “ Phsocephala / nigroscutella [sic] / ♀ Krb / det. Kröber 1931”; (6) “BMNH(E)# / 249072”; coll. NHML .</p><p>Additional material. BENIN: 1♀, ix.2006, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=1.652711&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=6.657653" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 1.652711/lat 6.657653)">Adohoun</a> [06°39’27.55″N 01°39’09.76″E], light trap, leg. G. Goer- gen, coll. IITA ; 1♂, v.2007, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=1.6666667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=6.2388887" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 1.6666667/lat 6.2388887)">Athiémé</a> [06°14‘20.00″N 01°40‘00.00″E], leg. G. Goergen, coll. IITA ; 1♂, viii.2006, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=1.6666667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=6.2388887" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 1.6666667/lat 6.2388887)">Athiémé</a> [06°14’20.00″N 01°40’00.00″E], sweep netting, leg. G. Goergen, coll. IITA ; 1♀, 14. vi.2006, Calavi, sweep netting, leg. G. Goergen, coll. IITA ; 1♂, 7.viii.2006, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=2.3283334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=6.4375" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 2.3283334/lat 6.4375)">Calavi</a>, campus [06°26’15.00″N 02°19’42.00″E], sweep netting, leg. G. Goergen, coll. IITA ; 1♀, 25.x.2007, ditto; BURUNDI: 1♀, 24.viii.1957, Kisenyi, leg. F. J. François, coll. ISNB ; 1♀, 22.i.1950, Rumonge, 780 m, det. as P. nigroscutellata by Janssen 1954, leg. F. J. François, coll. ISNB ; 1♂, 9.iii.1952, Bubanza Province, 7 km s de Gihanga, 850 m, det. as P. nigroscutellata by Janssen 1954, leg. F. J. François, coll. BMSA ; CAMEROON: 1♀, 24.iv.1914, Uamgebiet, Bossum, leg. G. Tessmann, coll. ZMHB ; 1♀, 12.v.1914, Uamgebiet, Bossum, det. as P. interrupta by Kröber, leg. G. Tessmann, coll. ZMHB ; CENTRAL AFRICAN RE- PUBLIC: 1♀, 14.v.2009, 45 km ssw <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=20.05&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=7.25" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 20.05/lat 7.25)">Bamingui</a> [07°15′N 20°03′E], leg. J. Halada, coll. CULSP ; 1♂, 20.iv.2010, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=20.05&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=7.25" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 20.05/lat 7.25)">Reserve Koukorou Bamingui</a> [07°15′N 20°03′E], 440 m, leg. J. Halada, coll. CULSP ; DEMOCRATIC REPUB- LIC OF CONGO: 1♀, i.–ii.1913, Congo da Lemba, det. as P. decisa by Brunetti 1925, leg. R. Mayné, coll. MRAC ; ETHIOPIA: 1♂, 24.v.2015, 10 km nw <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=38.266666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=4.133333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 38.266666/lat 4.133333)">Mega</a> [04°08′N 38°16′E], 1670 m, leg. J. Halada, coll. CULSP ; 8♂♂, 11.–13.v.2015, 20 km se <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=37.533333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.25" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 37.533333/lat 5.25)">Konsa</a> [05°15′N 37°32′E], 850 m, leg. J. Halada, coll. CULSP ; 1♂ 2♀♀, 14.v.2015, 40 km w <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=37.066666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.3166666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 37.066666/lat 5.3166666)">Konso</a> [5°19′N 37°04′E], 600 m, leg. J. Halada, coll. CULSP ; 1♂, 10.v.2015, 45 km ne <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=37.783333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=6.2833333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 37.783333/lat 6.2833333)">Arba Minch</a> [6°17′N 37°47′E], 1200 m, leg. J. Halada, coll. CULSP ; 1♀, 21.iv.2016, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=40.531113&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=7.818333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 40.531113/lat 7.818333)">Arsi</a> [7°49′06″N 40°31′52″E], 886 m, leg. J. Halada, coll. CULSP ; 1♀, 22.v.2015, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=39.05&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=4.5333333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 39.05/lat 4.5333333)">Wachile</a> env. [04°32′N 39°03′E], 1070 m, leg. J. Halada, coll. CULSP ; GAMBIA: 1♂, 4.xi.1977, Bakau at tropic Bungalow [UTM 28PCK1790], swept in meadow rich in flowers, at the beach, leg. Cederholm, Daniellson, Hammarstedt, Hedqvist, Samuelsson, coll. MZLU ; 1♀, 16.x.1999, Ki- ang West National Park, headquarter, leg. W. Schacht, coll. ZSMC ; IVORY COAST: 1♀, 9.xi.1983, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-5.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -5.5/lat 9.5)">Badenous Mbingué</a> [9.50°N 5.50°W], leg. R. Summkeller, coll. ZFMK ; KENYA: 1♂, 27.iv.2008, Nguni, n of Ngomeni, hand net, leg. M. Snížek, coll. PMME ; 2♂♂, 29.iv.1995, Tsavo East, leg. R. Copeland, coll. NMKE ; 1♂, 10. vi.1998, Tsavo East National Park, near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=38.366665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.6166668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 38.366665/lat -2.6166668)">Athi River</a> [2°37′S 38°22′E], leg. R. Copeland, coll. NMKE ; 1♂, 22.v.2006, Coast Province, Tsavo East National Park, near Galana River [UTM UTM 37 m 503352 9665277], 246 m, hand net, leg. P. Cerretti, D. Avesani, G. Carpan- eto, G. Nardi, coll. PMME ; 1♀, 26.–29.vi.1999, Eastern Province, at <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=38.366333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.6418333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 38.366333/lat -2.6418333)">Athi river</a> [2°38.51′S 38°21.98′E], Malaise trap, leg. R. Copeland, coll. IITA ; 1♂, 17.–31.viii.2005, Nyanza Province, Ungoye, ICIPE <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=34.08908&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.61325" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 34.08908/lat -0.61325)">Field Station</a> [0.61325°S 34.08908°E], 1127 m, leg. R. Copeland, coll. NMKE ; 1♂, 26.vi.–10.vii.2007, Rift Valley Province, Sumburu Nature Reserve, near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=37.53563&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.56797" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 37.53563/lat 0.56797)">Ewaso Ng′iro River</a> [0.56797°N 37.53563°E], 874 m, Malaise trap, riverine forest next to headquarter, leg. R. Copeland, coll. NMKE ; 1♂, 12.–26.vi.2006, ditto; 1♂, 10.iv.1998, Samburu Dis- trict, Samburu Serena Lodge, leg. R. Copeland, coll. NMKE; LESOTHO: 1♂, 1.xi.1949, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=27.845797&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.136618" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 27.845797/lat -29.136618)">Mamathes</a> [-29.136617 27.845796], leg. C. Jacot-Guillarmod, coll. AMGS ; MADAGASCAR: 1♀, 8.xi.2003, Anteninde, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.47&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.899166" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.47/lat -22.899166)">Sakahara</a> [22°53′57″S 44°28′12″E], 395 m, leg. A. Ssy- mank, coll. PASS ; 1♂, v.1937, Bekily, leg. A. Seyrig, coll. MNHN ; 1♂, iv.1937, ditto; 1♂, v.1937, ditto; 1♂ 1♀, iv.1942, Bekily, det. as P. madagascariensis by Camras 1960, leg. A. Seyrig, coll. MRAC ; 2♂♂, 9. iv.1994, Berenty reserve 80 km w of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.3&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.3/lat -25.0)">Port-Dauphin</a> [25°00′S 46°18′E], leg. M. Wasbauer, coll. UCDC, PMHA ; 1♀, 6.xi.2003, Ihasofotsy-Flussufer, ca 10 km wsw <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.003887&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.42111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.003887/lat -22.42111)">Ihosy</a> [22°25′16″S 46°00′14″E], 1000 m, leg. A. Ssymank, coll. PASS ; 1♂, 19.iii.1994, Isalo, Analalava, leg. A. Pauly, coll. MRAC ; 1♀, 25.ii.–3.iii.1968, Majun- ga s. l., det. as P. madagascariensis by Camras 2000, leg. K. M. G. &amp; P. D., coll. NHML [NHMUK010922098] ; 1♂, i.1992, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.983334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.75" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.983334/lat -17.75)">Morarano-Chrome</a> [17°45′S 47°59′E], leg. A. Pauly, coll. MRAC ; 1♂, no date, Sambirano, leg. [?], coll. ZMHB ; 1♀, no date, Tananarivo, det. as P. madagascariensis by Camras 1960, [collector unknown], coll. MRAC ; 1♀ 1 specimen, i.1952, Tzimbazaza-Tananarive, det. as P. madagascariensis by Camras 1960, leg. R. Benoist, coll. MRAC ; 1♀, 28.vii.–vi. viii.2001, Di- ego-Suarez (Antsiranana), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=49.397503&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.262777" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 49.397503/lat -12.262777)">Sakalava Beach</a>, malaise across sandy trail in dwarf littoral forest [12°15′46″S 49°23′51″E], 10 m, leg. R. Harin′Hala, coll. CAS ; 1♂, 4.i.2007, Mahayanga Province, 20 km nw <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.614166&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.451167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.614166/lat -15.451167)">Borinziny</a> [15°27.07′S 47°36.85′E], 37 m, hand netted in tropical dry forest on white sand, leg. M. E. Irwin, F. D. Parker, R. Harin′Hala, coll. CAS ; 1♀, 1.xi.1993, Tamatave (Toama- sina), Analmalotran Tamatave, leg. C. F. Kassebeer, coll. PCFK ; 1♀, 12.xii.1991, Tuléar (Toliara), Ampanihy, leg. A. Pauly, coll. MRAC ; 1♀, 6.–16.i.2003, Tuléar (Toli- ara), Andohaela National Park, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.626667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.936832" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.626667/lat -24.936832)">Parcel</a> II, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.626667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.936832" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.626667/lat -24.936832)">Tsimela</a>, mal- aise trap in transitional forest, 175 m [24°56.21′S 46°37.60′E], leg. M. E. Irwin, F. D. Parker, R. Harin′Ha- la, coll. CAS ; 1♂, 12.iv.1968, Tuléar (Toliara), Bevilany, 300 m, det. as P. madagascariensis by Camras 2000, leg. K. M. G. &amp; P. D., coll. NHML [NHMUK010922097] ; 1♀, 8.–18.vi.2002, Tuléar (Toliara), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.591&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.6865" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.591/lat -23.6865)">Beza Mahafaly</a> Re- serve, malaise in dry deciduous gallery forest, 165 m [23°41.19′S 44°35.46′E], leg. R. Harin′Hala, M. E. Irwin, coll. CAS ; MALI: 1♀, 20.viii.1991, 10 km s Mopti, leg. M. Schwarz, coll. PMHA ; 1♂, 20.viii.1991, 10 km s Mopti, sweep netting, leg. M. Schwarz, coll. PMHA ; 1♂, 31.vii.1991, 40 km sw Segou, sweep netting, leg. M. Schwarz, coll. PMHA ; MOZAMBIQUE: 2♂♂, 12.–20. xii.2003, Manica Province, 45 km nw Chimoio, leg. J. Halada, coll. CULSP; NAMIBIA: 1♀, 28.i. 1993, 100 km sw Rundu, leg. M. Schwarz, coll. PMHA ; 2♀♀, 16.i. 1993, 125 km sw Rundu, leg. M. Schwarz, coll. PMHA ; 2♀♀, 16.i.1993, ditto; 2♂♂, 4.ii.1993, 15 km e Swakopmund, sweep netting, leg. M. Schwarz, coll. PMHA ; 2♂♂, 29.iii.2000, 18 km se Stamprieton C 15 to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.3&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.28" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.3/lat -24.28)">Gochas</a> [24.28°S 18.30°E], visiting pink flowers of Galenia, leg. F. W. Gees, S. K. Gees, coll. AMGS ; 2♂♂, 4. ii.1990, 30 km e Windhoek, sweep netting, leg. M. Schwarz, coll. PMHA ; 1♂, 12.iii.2014, 35 km w <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.65&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.383333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.65/lat -22.383333)">Gobabis</a> [22°23′S 18°39′E], 1480 m, leg. J. Halada, coll. CULSP ; 1♂, 16.ii.1990, 40 km w Witvlei, leg. M. Schwarz, coll. PMHA ; 1♂, 16.ii.1990, 40 km w Witvlei, sweep netting, leg. M. Schwarz, coll. PMHA ; 1♂, 11.iii.–9.iv.1985, 6 km n Arandis, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=14.983334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.366667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 14.983334/lat -22.366667)">Damaraland</a> [22°22′S 14°59′E], leg. J. Irish, H. Rust, coll. SMWN ; 1♀, 21.i.1993, 60 km E Rundu, leg. M. Schwarz, coll. PMHA ; 1♂, 13.ii.1990, 73 km s Mariental, sweep netting, leg. M. Schwarz, coll. PMHA ; 3♀♀, 25.ix.1997, e Oranjemund 28 km from checkpoint to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=16.42&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.26" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 16.42/lat -29.26)">Sendelingsdrif</a> [29.26°S 16.42°E], on yel- low flowers of Deverradenudata (Viv.) Pfisterer &amp; Podl., leg. F. W. Gees, S. K. Gees, coll. AMGS ; 2♂♂, 20. xii.1995, Etosha National Park, 50 km ne <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=16.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.9" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 16.5/lat -18.9)">Okaukuejo</a>, “Salvado” [18.9°S 16.5°E], leg. C. Schmid-Egger, coll. PMHA ; 1♀, 16.–19.i.2007, Gobabeb, Kuiseb-Tal, at light, leg. Mey, Ebert, coll. ZMHB ; 1♀, 11.ii.1993, Oka- handja, leg. M. Schwarz, coll. PMHA; 1♀, 7.iii.1999, Karas <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=19.01&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-27.09" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 19.01/lat -27.09)">Mountains</a>, 6 km s on 201 from 26 [27.09°S 19.01°E], on yellow flowers of Vahlia capensis (L. f.) Thunb., leg. F. W. Gees, S. K. Gees, coll. AMGS ; 1♂, 25.iv.1972, Karasburg, Warmbad, SE 2818 Ba, [collector unknown], coll. SMWN ; 1♂, 17.–19.v.1978, Khowarib, R., SE 1914 Ac, Kackoland, leg. S. Louw, M.-L. Penrith, coll. SMWN ; 1♂, 12.–14.iv.1974, Mukorob 14, Namaland, SE 2918 Ac, [collector unknown], coll. SMWN ; 1♂, 15.iii.1997, near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=19.2&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-26.37" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 19.2/lat -26.37)">Aus</a> on road to Helmering- hausen [26.37°S 19.20°E], visiting white flowers of Psilocaulon göareosum (Berger) Dinter &amp; Schwantes, leg. F. W. Gees, S. K. Gees, coll. AMGS ; 1♂, 10.–13.ii.1972, Otjikoko-Sud 61, Omaruru, SE 2116 Ad, [collector un- known], coll. SMWN ; 1♂, 4.–5.iii.1972, Plateau 38, Luderitz, SE 2616 Cb, [collector unknown], coll. SMWN ; 1♂, 27.iv.1972, Rotegab 95, Keetmanshoop, SE 2718 Ad, [collector unknown], coll. SMWN ; 1♀, 11.iv.1998, Swakop River bed on road to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=14.35&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.41" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 14.35/lat -22.41)">Goanikontes</a> [22.41°S 14.35°E], on white flowers of Psilocaulon salicornioides (Pax) Schwantes, leg. F. W. Gees, S. K. Gees, coll. AMGS ; 1♂, 11.iv.1998, Swakop River bed on road to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=14.35&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.41" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 14.35/lat -22.41)">Goanikontes</a> [22.41°S 14.35°E], visiting deep pink flow- ers of Gelenia papulosa (Eckl. &amp; Zeyh.) Sond., leg. F. W. Gees, S. K. Gees, coll. AMGS ; 2♂♂, 11.iv.1998, Swakop River bed on road to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=14.35&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.41" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 14.35/lat -22.41)">Goanikontes</a> [22.41°S 14.35°E], visiting white flowers of Psilocaulon salicornioides (Pax) Schwantes, leg. F. W. Gees, S. K. Gees, coll. AMGS ; 1♂, 11.iv.1998, Swakop River bed on road to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=14.35&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.41" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 14.35/lat -22.41)">Goanikontes</a> [22.41°S 14.35°E], visiting yellow flowers of Zygophyllum simplex, leg. F. W. Gees, S. K. Gees, coll. AMGS ; 1♀, 16.iii.1999, Swakopmund, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=32.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.42" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 32.0/lat -22.42)">Swakop River</a> at bridge [22.42°S 14° 32°E], on white flowers of Zygophyllum stapffii Schinz, leg. F. W. Gees, S. K. Gees, coll. AMGS ; 1♂, 13.iv.2002, Walfisbay, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=14.36&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.55" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 14.36/lat -22.55)">Swakopmundvia Dune</a> 7 [22.55°S 14.36°E], leg. F. W. Gees, S. K. Gees, coll. AMGS ; 1♀, 20.–23.xii.1974, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=16.366667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.916666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 16.366667/lat -22.916666)">Windhoek</a>, Wasser- vallei [22°55′S 16°22′E], [collector unknown], coll. SMWN ; 1♀, 6.–8.ii.2001, Gobabis District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=19.956112&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.033054" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 19.956112/lat -22.033054)">Somerkoms</a> 521 [22°01′59″S 19°57′22″E], leg. A. H. Kirk-Spriggs, coll. SMWN ; 1♀, 20.iii.2014, Harda Province, 15 km s <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=17.116667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.466667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 17.116667/lat -23.466667)">Rehobot</a> [23°28′S 17°07′E], 1400 m, leg. J. Halada, coll. CULSP ; 2♂♂, 16.ii.1990, Omaheke Region, Gobabis, 40 km w Witvlei, leg. M. Schwarz, coll. PMHA ; 1♀, 25.–27.iii.2003, Rundu District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=19.258055&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.310833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 19.258055/lat -18.310833)">Mile</a> 46 [18°18′39″S 19°15′29″E], leg. A. H. Kirk-Spriggs, coll. SMWN ; SENEGAL: 1♂, 27.vi.2004, 60 km s Velingara, sweep netting, leg. M. Halada, coll. CULSP ; SOUTH AFRICA: 1♂ 2♀♀, 8.–12.ii.1982, Sandveld Nature Reserve, Hoop- stad, SE 2725 Da, leg. Entomology Department, coll. BMSA ; 1♂, xii.1956, [?] “ Snoot Rivien ”, leg. Martin, coll. AMGS ; 1♂, 3.–8.x.1989, Cape Province, 15 km n of Nieuwoudtville on road to Loeriesfontein, leg. F. W. Gees, S. K. Gees, coll. AMGS ; 1♀, 4.i.2010, Cape Prov- ince, 25 km n <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=24.733334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.816666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 24.733334/lat -32.816666)">Jansenville</a> [32°49′S 24°44′E], 600 m, leg. J. Halada, coll. CULSP ; 1♀, xii.1922, Cape Province, Aliwal North, det. as P. brevistylatus by Kröber 1938, leg. R. E. Turner, coll. NHML [NHMUK010922102] ; 1♀, 3.xii.1986, Cape Province, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=20.320835&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.47778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 20.320835/lat -33.47778)">Bloutoring</a> [33°28′40″S 20°19′15″E], leg. F. W. Gess, coll. AMGS ; 1♀, 24. xii.1960, Cape Province, Grahamstown, leg. E. McC Callan, coll. AMGS; 1♀, 27.xi.1981, Cape Province, Grahamstown, [?] ”Olakwater”, leg. F. W. Gess, coll. AMGS ; 1♀, 13.i.1986, Cape Province, Grahamstown, Clifton, leg. R. W. Gees, coll. AMGS ; 1♀, 12.–30.i.1970, Cape Province, Grahamstown, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=26.525595&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.31063" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 26.525595/lat -33.31063)">Hilton</a> [-33.310629 26.525595], Malaise trap, leg. F. W. Gess, coll. AMGS ; 1♂, 3.iii.1978, Cape Province, Grahamstown, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=26.525595&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.31063" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 26.525595/lat -33.31063)">Hilton</a> [-33.310629 26.525595], on flowers of Melolobium candicans in sandpit, leg. F. W. Gess, coll. AMGS ; 1♂, 3. iii.1978, Cape Province, Grahamstown, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=26.525595&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.31063" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 26.525595/lat -33.31063)">Hilton</a> [-33.310629 26.525595], leg. S. K. Gess, coll. AMGS ; 1♂, 2.xii.1989, Cape Province, Grahamstown, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=26.525595&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.31063" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 26.525595/lat -33.31063)">Hilton</a> [-33.310629 26.525595], leg. F. W. Gees, S. K. Gees, coll. AMGS ; 1♀, 22.x.1981, Cape Province, Graham- stown, Lynton, leg. F. W. Gees, S. K. Gees, coll. AMGS ; 1♂, 12.ii.1967, Cape Province, Grahamstown, Strowahn, leg. C. Jacot-Guillarmod, coll. AMGS ; 1♂, 19.–24. iii.191[?], Cape Province, Grahamstown, Table Farm, leg. F. W. Gess, coll. AMGS ; 1♂ 1♀, 2.–13.iii.2008, Cape Province, Grahamstown, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=26.497433&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.309032" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 26.497433/lat -33.309032)">Three Chimneys Farm</a> [33°18.542′S 26°29.846′E], leg. A. H. Kirk-Spriggs, coll. AMGS ; 1♂, 11.x.1994, Cape Province, Hamaqual and Kamieskroon / Sors Sors, leg. F. W. Gees, S. K. Gees, coll. AMGS ; 1♂, 17.–21. &amp; 24.ix.1995, Cape Province, Richtersveld National Park, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=17.03&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.11" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 17.03/lat -28.11)">Koeroegabvlakte</a> [28.11°S 17.03°E], visiting deep pink flowers of Hermbstaetia glauca (Wendl.) Reichb. ex Steud., leg. F. W. Gess, S. K. Gess., R. W. Gess, coll. AMGS ; 1♂, 15.ix.1996, Cape Province, Richtersveld, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=16.34&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.33" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 16.34/lat -28.33)">Pachtviel</a> [28.33°S 16.34°E], leg. F. W. Gess, S. K. Gess., R. W. Gess, coll. AMGS ; 1♂, 16.xi.1994, Cape Province, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=22.16&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.1" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 22.16/lat -33.1)">Tierberg</a> [33.10°S 22.16°E], visiting cream flowers of Asclepias buchenaviana Schinz, leg. F. W. Gees, S. K. Gees, coll. AMGS ; 1♂, 26.xi.–5. xii.1987, Cape Province, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=22.273333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.12833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 22.273333/lat -33.12833)">Tierberg</a>, research station [33°7′42″S 22°16′24″E], leg. F. W. Gess, S. K. Gess., R. W. Gess, coll. AMGS ; 1♀, 26.xi.–25.xii.1987, Cape Province, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=22.273333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.166668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 22.273333/lat -33.166668)">Tierberg</a>, study site [33°10′S 22°16′24″E], on flowers of Asclepis buchenaviana Schinz, leg. F. W. Gess, S. K. Gess., R. W. Gess, coll. AMGS ; 6♂♂, 26. xi.–5.xii.1987, Cape Province, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=22.273333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.166668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 22.273333/lat -33.166668)">Tierberg</a>, study site [33°10′S 22°16′24″E], visiting flowers of Asclepias buchenaviana Schinz, leg. F. W. Gess, S. K. Gess., R. W. Gess, coll. AMGS ; 1♀, 1.-9-xii.1988, Cape Province, Vanwyksfontein, 8 km w of Norvalspont, leg. R. W. Gees, coll. AMGS ; 1♀, 12.i.2004, Eastern Cape Prov- ince, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=26.483334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.266666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 26.483334/lat -33.266666)">Grahamstown</a>, [33°16′00″S 26°28′60″E], 629 m, leg. C. Hepburn, coll. AMGS ; 1♂, 10.x.1992, Eastern Cape Province, Grahamstown, Hoowisonspoort, 3326 BC, leg. T. Doubel, coll. AMGS ; 1♂, 28.ii.2004, Eastern Cape Province, Thomas Baines Nature Reserve [33°23′02′S 26°29′01″E], leg. C. C. Robertson, coll. AMGS ; 1♀, no date, Eastern Cape Province, Willow- more, leg. Brauns, coll. PJHS; 1♂, xii.1907, Eastern Cape Province, Willowmore, det. as P. interrupta, leg. H. Brauns, coll. MRAC ; 1♀, no date, Eastern Cape Prov- ince, Willowmore, det. as P. interrupta, leg. H. Brauns, coll. MRAC ; 1♂, 25.i.1902, Eastern Cape Province, Wil- lowmore, leg. Brauns, coll. PJHS; 1♀, 25.–29.x.2010, Free State Province, Brandfort, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=26.070566&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.767317" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 26.070566/lat -28.767317)">Florisbad Res. Stat.</a> [28°46.039′S 26°04.234′E], leg. A. H. Kirk-Spriggs, coll. BMSA ; 2♀♀, 8.–12.ii.1982, Free State Province, Hoop- stad, Sandfeld Nature Reserve, SE 2725 Da, leg. Ento- mology Department, coll. BMSA ; 1♀, 13.xii.1995, Mpumalanga Province, Blyderevierspoort NP [24°39′S 30°50′E], leg. F. Koch, coll. ZMHB; 1♂, 1.x.1997, Northern Cape, 60 km e <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.26&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.28" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.26/lat -29.28)">Springbok</a> [29.28°S 18.26°E], visiting cream flowers of Asclepias buchenaviana Schinz, leg. F. W. Gees, S. K. Gees, coll. AMGS ; 1♂, 10.x.2000, Northern Cape, Pachtvlei, e <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=16.566668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.33" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 16.566668/lat -28.33)">Alexander Bay</a> [28.33°S 16°34′E], visiting yellow flowers of Lebeckia, leg. F. W. Gees, S. K. Gees, coll. AMGS ; 1♂, 20.xi.1999, Western Cape Province, 7 km n of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=23.15&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.666668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 23.15/lat -33.666668)">Avontuur</a> [33°40′S 23°09′E], sweep netting, leg. M. Hauser, coll. PMHA ; 1♀, 11. iv.2006, Western Cape Province, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.85&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.916668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.85/lat -33.916668)">Stellenbosch</a> [33°55′S 18°51′E], leg. E. Mostert, coll. AMGS ; SUDAN: 1♂, 14.vi.1996, Blue Nile, Wad Medani, leg. G. G. M. Schul- ten, coll. RMNH; 1♂, 1935, Sangha près Bandiagara, leg. M. Griaule, coll. MNHN ; TANZANIA: 1♀, 16.i.2007, Pwani Province, 15 km e <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=38.883335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-8.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 38.883335/lat -8.05)">Utete</a> [08°03′S 38°53′E], 75 m, leg. J. Halada, coll. CULSP ; TOGO: 2♀♀, 7.iv.2008, Mono riverside s <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=1.4811112&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=7.1872225" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 1.4811112/lat 7.1872225)">Ahassomé</a> [7°11′14″N 01°28′52″E], 90 m, leg. A. Ssymank, coll. PASS ; ZAM- BIA: 1♀, 27.vii.–13.viii.1910, Upper Luangwa River, des. as syntype of P. decisa, leg. S. A. Neave, coll. NHML [NHMUK010922107] ; 5♂♂, 20.v.–29.vii.1988, Zambe- si <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.266666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.3" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.266666/lat -16.3)">Valley</a> [16°18′S 30°16′E], leg. J. Weyrich, coll. ZFMK ; ZIMBABWE: 1♂ 4♀♀, 18.–19.xii.2011, 60 km nnw Bu- lawayo [19°41′S 28°21′E], 1200 m, leg. J. Halada, coll. CULSP; 1♀, 14.xii.1919, Bulawayo, des. as syntype of P. decisa, [collector unknown], coll. NHML [NHMUK010922108]; UNKNOWN LOCATION : 1♀, 24.i.1928, “ Rersolution ”, leg. A. Walton, coll. AMGS ; 1♀, 1893, “ Shitlesia ”, leg., coll. AMGS ; 1♂, no date, “T287”, [collector unknown], coll. ZFMK; 1♂, no date, “T426”, [collector unknown], coll. ZFMK.</p><p>Stuke (2015b) concluded that P. antiqua is an outstandingly variable species and as a result several new synonyms were recognised in the Palaearctic Region. While reviewing the large amount of material available it became evident that most of the commonly occurring Afrotropical Physocephala specimens also belong to the antiqua species-group. It cannot be excluded that factors such as DNA-sequencing, newly discovered morpholog- ical characters or the host ranges of larvae may even- tually necessitate the splitting of P. antiqua as defined herewith but at the present time the consistent separation of distinct species within this highly variable taxon is not possible using the morphological characters which are currently available, or which have been used in the past. We could not find any consistent differences in the male postabdomen or female theca within the various morphs, for example, and the Afrotropical material is highly vari- able in respect of characters such as wing pattern and microtrichiation, size and shape of the vertex, dusting and setulae on the pleura, body size, and colouration of the legs, abdomen and thorax. Dark-winged specimens with the basal cell almost completely covered with mi- crotrichia (although never completely covered!) appear remarkably distinct, but we also found intermediates. Such specimens could potentially be incorrectly assigned to the newly described P. guillarmodi (see below) although the dark brown subcosta of P. antiqua (light orange-brown or yellow in P. guillarmodi) and the more or less black scutellum (orange in P. guillarmodi) are good characters for separating these two species. Physocephala antiqua specimens with a shortened radial-medial crossvein appear very similar to species of the microvena species-group, but always lack a distinct shining in- dention at the hind margin of the eye and have a differ- ent male postabdomen. Specimens in which the pleural dusting stripe is indistinct, such as in old specimens or specimens which have been wetted, could very easily be misidentified as belonging to the vittata species-group.</p><p>Physocephala maculipes has previously been de- scribed as a very variable species (Camras 2001). We cannot find any differences to distinguish Afrotropical specimens previously reported as P. maculipes, nor the examined holotype, from Palaearctic specimens which have been identified as P. antiqua . Therefore, Physocephala [ Conops] maculipes Bigot, 1887 is herewith placed as a junior synonym of Physocephala [ Conops] antiqua Wiedemann, 1830 (syn. nov.). Consequently, all previ- ous synonyms of P. maculipes are also now placed as synonyms of P. antiqua (see Stuke 2017a).</p><p>Physocephala madagascariensis Kröber, 1915 is the only species of the genus reported from Madagascar to date. This is also described as being a very variable spe- cies (Camras 1962a) and in our view cannot be distinguished from P. antiqua, and therefore it is also herewith placed as a junior synonym to Physocephala [ Conops] antiqua Wiedemann, 1830 (syn. nov.). This is the only species known from Madagascar, so there should be no doubt concerning the identification of specimens.</p><p>Kröber (1939) had previously assumed that his P. minutissima was no more than a small, dark morph of P. interrupta Bezzi, 1901 (= P. antiqua). We examined the male holotype, hitherto the only known specimen of this species, which is in very bad condition with both wings and abdomen lost. We also have specimens of small and dark Afrotropical P. antiqua which fit completely with the original description of P. minutissima, as well as with the remaining parts of the holotype. Physocephala minutissima Kröber, 1933 is therefore also herewith placed as a junior synonym to Physocephala [ Conops] antiqua Wiedemann, 1830 (syn. nov.).</p><p>Physocephala gracilia Kröber, 1915 has so far only been known from two syntype specimens. Camras (2001) considered that P. gracilia might be synonym of P. maculipes Bigot, 1887 (= P. antiqua) and in fact almost all the characters given both in the original description and in the additional information provided by Camras (2001) fall within the variability of P. antiqua . We also have oth- er specimens to hand which fit completely with the orig- inal description. The only anomalous characters in the original description are the short proboscis, completely black claws and shining tergites 1–3, which have not been found to date in material of P. antiqua . These characters were not mentioned in the key of Kröber (1915), however, nor in the subsequent comments of Camras (2001), and are not evident in any the material which we have to hand. One syntype is probably destroyed (Stuke 2017a) whilst the second is held at the Museo Civico di Storia Naturale “Giacomo Doria” but was not available for examination. In the absence of better information we therefore believe the best current solution for this cryp- tic taxon is to place Physocephala gracilia Kröber, 1915 as a junior synonym of Physocephala [ Conops] antiqua Wiedemann, 1830 (syn. nov.).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/173187E9DD18FFC2265A4E86FDE8611B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Stuke, Jens-Hermann;Clements, David K.	Stuke, Jens-Hermann, Clements, David K. (2019): New conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera) - Part 3: Physocephalini. Bonn zoological Bulletin 68 (2): 209-273, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2019.68.2.209, URL: https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/2d30fdc3-47e4-355c-b575-0cbcb9209acd/
173187E9DD1EFFC225D8481BFC1E636E.text	173187E9DD1EFFC225D8481BFC1E636E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Physocephala brevipennis Camras 1962	<div><p>P. brevipennis Camras, 1962</p><p>(Fig. 11)</p><p>Physocephala brevipennis Camras, 1962</p><p>Primary type material examined. ♂ holotype of Physocephala brevipennis Camras, 1962: (1) “Ngutu, / Zulu- land / III-21-1951 / A. L. Capener ”; (2) “ Physocephala / brevipennis / Camras”; (3) “ Holotype ♂ / Physocephala / brevipennis / Camras”; (4) “FMNHINS / 3130492 / Field Museum / pinned”; coll. FMNH .</p><p>The first impression when looking at this strange speci- men is that it is perhaps an aberrant example of Physocephala antiqua with exceedingly shortened wings. Until</p><p>further material becomes available, however, we have re- tained this taxon.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/173187E9DD1EFFC225D8481BFC1E636E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Stuke, Jens-Hermann;Clements, David K.	Stuke, Jens-Hermann, Clements, David K. (2019): New conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera) - Part 3: Physocephalini. Bonn zoological Bulletin 68 (2): 209-273, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2019.68.2.209, URL: https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/2d30fdc3-47e4-355c-b575-0cbcb9209acd/
173187E9DD1EFFC2265A4A2FFA7D60BE.text	173187E9DD1EFFC2265A4A2FFA7D60BE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Physocephala claripennis Becker 1923	<div><p>P. claripennis Becker, 1923</p><p>(Fig. 12)</p><p>Physocephala claripennis Becker 1923</p><p>Primary type material examined. ♂ holotype of Physocephala claripennis Becker, 1923: (1) “El Obeid / 13.–14. III”; (2) “Aegypt. Sudan / Ebner, 1914”; (3) “ Ph. claripenis [sic] / Beck. / det. Becker ”; (4) “ Holotype / Physocephala / claripennis / Becker / det. Camras, 2000”; (5) “ J. Skevington / Specimen # / 45425”; coll. NMW .</p><p>This may only be an extremely pale specimen of P. antiqua with completely hyaline wings, but until further material becomes available we have retained this taxon.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/173187E9DD1EFFC2265A4A2FFA7D60BE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Stuke, Jens-Hermann;Clements, David K.	Stuke, Jens-Hermann, Clements, David K. (2019): New conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera) - Part 3: Physocephalini. Bonn zoological Bulletin 68 (2): 209-273, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2019.68.2.209, URL: https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/2d30fdc3-47e4-355c-b575-0cbcb9209acd/
173187E9DD1EFFDF265A487FFBB56518.text	173187E9DD1EFFDF265A487FFBB56518.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Physocephala guillarmodi Stuke & Clements 2019	<div><p>P. guillarmodi spec. nov.</p><p>(Figs 13–24)</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 8F911A66-CF42-4A60-837F-708FA78B1E9C</p><p>Holotype ♀. (1) “ Mamathes / Basutoland / 28-XII-1959 / C. Jacot / Guillarmod”; (2) “? Physocephala brevistylata / Kröber ♀ ”; (3) Holotypus / Physocephala guillarmodi / spec. nov. ♀ / 2018” . Holotype is deposited in AMGS. The specimen is pinned and in perfect condition .</p><p>Paratypes. BURUNDI: 1♀, 18.xi.1949, Bururi Prov- ince, Bururi, 1950 m, Orée dela forȇt, leg. F. François, coll. ISNB; LESOTHO: 1♂, 26.xii.1946, Bokong, leg. A. Jacot Guillarmod, coll. AMGS ; 1♀, 28.xii.1947, Leribe, Hensley′s Dam, leg. A. Jacot-Guillarmod, coll. AMGS; 1♀, 16.xii.1950, Mamathes, leg. C. Jacot-Guil- larmod, coll. AMGS ; 1♂, 28.xii.1959, ditto; SOUTH AFRICA: 1♂, 3.–7.x.1988, Cape Province, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.895&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.19167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.895/lat -32.19167)">Clanwilliam Dam</a> [32°11′30″S 18°53′42″E], on flowers of Aspalathus desertorum Bol., leg. F. W. Gees, S. K. Gees, coll. AMGS ; 1♂, 5.xii.1980, Cape Province, Grahamstown, Hilton, Senecio, leg. D. W. Gees, coll. AMGS ; 1♀, 8.– 13.x.1987, Cape Province, Klein Alexandershoek, Clan- william <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.766666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.338886" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.766666/lat -32.338886)">District</a> [32°20′20″S 18°46′E], leg. F. W. Gees, S. K. Gees, coll. AMGS ; 1♂ 1♀, 28.ix.1985, ditto; 1♂, 4.–8.x.1994, Cape Province, Koornplanskloof 10 km s <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=19.016666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.666668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 19.016666/lat -32.666668)">Citrusdaal</a> [32°40′S 19°01′E], 200–270 m, leg. R. Dan- ielsson, coll. MZLU .</p><p>Description of holotype (female)</p><p>Length 9.6 mm; Wing-length 7.6 mm; Head-height 2.9 mm.</p><p>Head. Antenna orange-brown (Fig. 13). Arista very short stylus-like, with 2 aristomeres situated at tip of first flagellomere (Fig. 16). Both aristomeres minute, length of apical aristomere shorter than height. Scape about twice as long as maximum width, apically and lateral- ly with black setae. Pedicel about five times longer than maximum width, covered with black setae. Pedicel lack- ing any ridge at base, and expanded towards apex. First flagellomere long and conical, about two times as long as high, pointed, and ventrally with an indistinct membra- nous area. Lunule between base of antennae and ptilinal suture distinctly developed, shorter than width of scape. Eyes brown, lacking ommatrichia, facets all of about the same size. Posterior margin of eye lacking any shining indentation. Gena height / eye height (measurements tak- en from head in lateral view) = 0.3. No ocellar tubercle, no ocelli and no ocellar triangle evident. Frons (Fig. 15) yellow, somewhat broader than long, concave, slightly projecting above eyes posteriorly and lacking any setu- lae. Anterior margin of frons concave. No frontofacial spot. Frons with indistinct dusting all over, subshining laterally. Vertex as broad as frons, separated from latter by a more or less distinct ridge. Vertex shining, and in posterior half covered with black setulae. Vertex apical- ly with an indistinct depression. Ridge of vertex lacking longitudinal grooves. Face yellow, with brown facial keel. Face lacks dusting except for some very narrow silver dusting along eye margin. Gena yellow, lacking setae. Distinct facial grooves reaching mouth edge. Dis- tinct facial carina reaching from base of antennae to a distinctly broadened and outstanding frontoclypeal tu- bercle. Ptilinal suture extending well beneath antennal bases on either side. Oral cavity tapers dorsally. Postcra- nium not obviously invaginated, yellow to light brown. Whole postcranium lightly dusted, with dusting adjacent to posterior eye margin obviously denser. Occiput and postgena covered with long black setulae. Postgena not widened and not delimited from occiput. Bottom por- tion of postcranium clearly delimited and less setulose. Proboscis reddish-brown, labellum black. Frontoclypeal membrane long, light orange-brown and barely delim- ited from orange-brown clypeus. Palps absent. Labium distinctly longer than head-length, distinctly thickened basally, anterior section completely fused and tubular. Labrum not visible in type specimen. Labellum short, completely divided, hardly broader than adjacent haust- ellum, and covered with very short setulae only.</p><p>Thorax mainly orange-brown, with mediotergite, katepisternum and meron mainly black. Scutum with large medial black spot and small lateral black spots (Fig. 17). Thorax grey dusted all over. Pleura as in Fig. 18. Distinct dusting stripe on pleura reaching from middle coxa to notopleuron. The dusting stripe depends on the viewing angle and is best seen in dorsal view – care is required as it may be hard to see with the wrong view- ing angle (Fig. 18). Anterior half of anepimeron shining to subshining. Presternum distinct, narrow. Basisternum broad, ventrally narrowed to a point, and with scattered setulae. Proepisternum lacks setae or setulae. Notopleuron with a few slightly stronger setae. Postalar callus with a few strong short setae flanked laterally by several curved setulae. Katepisternum with 13–15 setae postero- dorsally and no setae ventrally. Metakatepisternum lacks setae. Anepimeron with 8–10 small setulae. Mediotergite convex, with minute and hardly visible black setae. Sub- scutellum inconspicuous. Scutum covered with scattered small black setulae and with no outstanding setae. Wing as Fig. 21: Fore-margin tinged brown, with brown mem- brane between subcosta and media M. Cell r 4+5 hyaline apically and discal-medial cell dm brown basally. Veins brown, subcosta paler brown than radial veins. Wing mostly covered with microtrichia, but anal lobe partly lacking microtrichia. Radial-medial crossvein rm small but complete (Fig. 20). Basal-medial-cubital crossvein incomplete. Radius R 1 and R 2+3 terminate close together in costa, well beyond end of subcosta. Radius R 4+5 with shallow, even curve in distal section which is directed to- wards fore-edge of wing. Cell r 4+5 pedunculate, with vein R 4+5 +M 1 distinctly longer than radial-medial crossvein. Basal cell lacks any thickening. Cubital cell cup elongat- ed, distinctly longer than vein A1+CuA 2, and pointed dis- tally (i.e. cubitus CuA 2 and anal vein A 1 meet at an acute angle). Vein A 1 +CuA 2 not reaching hind margin of wing. Cubital veins CuA 1 and basal-medial-cubital crossvein distinctly separated. Upper and lower calypters yellow- ish-white to brown, margin of upper calypter with short white setulae. Alula slightly shorter than broad, lacking setulae on posterior margin. Venae spuriae pronounced in cell r 4+5, cubital cell cup and indistinctly in cubital cell cua 1. Haltere light yellowish-white with brown base and reddish knob. Knob of haltere with brown setulae. Legs orange with fore coxa mainly black. Legs with in- conspicuous silver dusting to shining, hind coxa densely silver-dusted. Posterior surfaces of fore and middle tib- iae with obvious silver-dusted fields distally. Legs with short, adpressed black setulae. Base of fore and middle femora lacking denser black setulae. Areas of dense black to brown setulae anteroventrally at tip of fore tibia, and ventrally and posteriorly at tip of hind tibia. Middle femur lacking a distinct row of regularly arranged setu- lae. Hind femur lacks outstanding setulae. No preapical setae dorsally and no setae ventrally on tibiae. Femora ventrally lacking rows of short black setae. Coxae with several setulae but lacking outstanding setae. Hind femur slightly thickened in basal half. All tibiae thickened in apical half. Each metatarsus with 2 stronger setae ven- trally at base. Pulvilli yellowish-white. Claws brown, with narrow black tips. Empodium light brown, about as long as pulvilli.</p><p>Abdomen orange to dark brown, with diffuse dark markings dorsally on tergites 1–4. Abdomen with short black setulae all over, those on tergite 2 very small. ♀ abdomen completely silver-dusted, although the impression of dusting depends on viewing angle. Denser dusted hind margins of tergites are not obvious. Tergites 1–3 fused but remain distinct from each other. Maximum width of abdomen at segment 4. Length: maximum width of terg- ite 2 = 2.0; length: maximum width of tergite 3 = 1.9. Tergite 5 and sternite 5 not completely fused laterally. Shape of theca as shown in Fig. 19. Anterior surface of theca apically with a few long setulae. Posterior surface of theca almost completely covered with close-set long blunt spicules, arranged in about 12 horizontal lines. Tergite 7 bends distinctly ventrally, with an indistinct longitudinal gap, and with a minute protruding tooth at middle of posterior margin.</p><p>Female characters added from one dissected paratype Sternites 1–2 fused. Sternites 3–4 not protruding ven- trally, posterior parts of sternites inconspicuous. Tergites 3 and 4 lack evaginations. Sternite 5 anteriorly lacking any elongation. Sternite 6 almost completely covered</p><p>with long blunt spicules which are mainly arranged in close-set, broken horizontal lines. Sternite 7 longer than broad, anteriorly pointed, posterior margin with two patches of dense long black setae. Ventral sclerotisation fused with tergite 8 and therefore connecting at sides. Tooth on tergite 8 distinct, its base elongated anteriorly. Sternite 8 bulging posteriorly, covered with strong long black setae and with obvious long setulae on posterior margin. Paired cerci distinct. Sack-like ventral protrusion of vagina with distinct annular sclerotisation. Opposite the annular sclerotisation the ventral protrusion is hardly sclerotised and is covered with short, broad microtrichia giving the ventral protrusion a roughened surface. No ob- vious sclerotisation at base of either the accessory glands or the spermathecal ducts. Sack-like ventral protrusion of vagina lacks any additional sclerotisation. 2 pairs of spherical spermathecae, the spermathecal ducts fusing shortly after leaving the spermathecae. Spermathecal ducts are sclerotised at the spermathecae, this sclerotised part of the duct being sinuous.</p><p>Description of male</p><p>♂ abdomen strongly dusted from posterior half of tergite 3 to tip (in anterior view) and almost shining laterally on tergites 1–3. No obvious dusting at hind margin of terg- ites. Tergite 1 with obvious black setulae laterally on bul- bous lateral projections. Tergite 2 distinctly elongated, about 5 times as long as width at posterior margin. Terg- ite 2 lacking lateral tufts of setulae. Tergite 3 obviously longer than broad and widened posteriorly, anteriorly about 2.8 times as wide as posteriorly. Sternites 1, 4 and 5 present, sternites 2 and 3 reduced. Tergite 5 and sternite 5 separate. Sternite 4 almost square, minute and not clear- ly delimited from membrane, with about 4 minute setu- lae. Sternite 5 apically with small field of thick setae and several long black setulae laterally. Protandrium broader than epandrium and therefore projecting over it. Sternite 8 delimited from protandrium. Line of minute black setu- lae at border of protandrium and sternite 8. Lateral edges of protandrium fused ventrally by a narrow sclerotised strip, which is not medially broadened. Paired cerci dis- tinct, completely sclerotised and covered with scattered black setulae. Epandrium as shown in Fig. 22, not fused behind cerci but with a slightly sclerotised connection on both sides of the epandrium. Within this connection there is an elongated sclerotisation. Posterior margin of epandrium with small black setulae, and an obvious short black tooth with a broad blackish base. Epandrium distinctly concave laterally. No hypoproct evident and no remains of surstyli recognised. No obvious strong black setae nor long black setulae which would mark the base of a surstylus. Subepandrial plate not sclerotised nor cov- ered with microtrichia, and therefore not distinct. Dorsal hypandrial bridge developed. No hypandrial lobe evi- dent. Hypandrial bars fused distally, hypandrium ending in a hypandrial arm. Hypandrial membrane almost ab- sent, lacking microtrichia. Phallus sheath fused dorsally, lacking any evagination or setulae. Postgonite distinct. Postgonite evagination not sclerotised, and not projecting above distiphallus. Lateral side of postgonite evagination with indistinct microtrichia, the medially directed surface with broad and overlapping microtrichia (Fig. 23). No plate at postgonite evagination. Ring sclerite between phallapodeme and distiphallus indistinct. No epiphallus recognised. Distiphallus shorter than epandrium, entirely covered with microtrichia, some of which are black and arranged in lines. Distiphallus dorsally with large light- ly sclerotized plate (Fig. 23) but lacking evaginations. Phallapodeme longer than hypandrium arm. Ejaculatory apodeme elongated, lacking distinct attachment to sperm sac.</p><p>Variability</p><p>Wing length 6.3–7.6 mm. Basal aristomere sometimes black apically. Face, gena, frons and postcranium some- times more or less black in melanistic specimens. Facial keel sometimes yellow. Extent of black marking on tho- rax varies somewhat, and scutum sometimes completely orange. Proepisternum may lack setulae. Wing some- times more extensively brown, with discal-medial cell dm almost completely brown and cubital cell cua1 brown at base. Alula and cubital cell cup may partly lack mi- crotrichia. All coxae sometimes obviously blackish. Hind femur may have an obscure blackish or brown ring.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Physocephala guillarmodi belongs to the antiqua species-group as defined in Key 1. It is easily overlooked amongst the more common and variable P. antiqua, but can be differentiated from the latter by the brown bas- al cell which is completely covered with microtrichia (Fig. 20). With this character P. guillarmodi can only be confused within the antiqua species-group with dark-winged specimens of P. antiqua which may atypically have the basal cell almost (but never completely) cov- ered with microtrichia, or with P. pusilla . Physocephala guillarmodi can be separated from both of these species by its light yellow to yellowish-brown subosta which is obviously different from the darker radial veins (Fig. 21) and by the characteristic light brown thorax with three black spots (which may be fused) on the scutum (Fig. 17). At a first glance this species resembles P. schmideggeri Stuke, 2017 which occurs in the Arabian Peninsula (Stuke, 2017b) but P. guillarmodi is distinguished by the complete dusting band which starts immediately above the middle coxa and reaches up to the notopleuron with- out becoming narrower. In the event that P. brevipennis is eventually demonstrated to be an aberrant and misshaped antiqua specimen (see above) this will also be distinguished from P. guillarmodi by its dark brown subcosta which does not differ in colour from the radial veins.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>This species is named in honour of Charles Fréderic Jacot Guillarmod (1912–1979), who collected several speci- mens of this new species and whose collecting activities made a huge contribution to knowledge of the Diptera of South Africa.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Physocephala guillarmodi is widely distributed in the Afrotropical Region (Fig. 24).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/173187E9DD1EFFDF265A487FFBB56518	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Stuke, Jens-Hermann;Clements, David K.	Stuke, Jens-Hermann, Clements, David K. (2019): New conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera) - Part 3: Physocephalini. Bonn zoological Bulletin 68 (2): 209-273, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2019.68.2.209, URL: https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/2d30fdc3-47e4-355c-b575-0cbcb9209acd/
173187E9DD03FFD8267F4C14FED16603.text	173187E9DD03FFD8267F4C14FED16603.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Physocephala larvata (Speiser 1911)	<div><p>P. larvata (Speiser, 1911)</p><p>(Figs 25–29)</p><p>Conops (Physocephala) larvatus Speiser 1911</p><p>= Physocephala similis Kröber 1915 (syn. nov.)</p><p>Material. DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO: 1♂, 30.xii.1952, Nord-Kivu, Kinshasa, Vitshumbi, s Lake Edward, leg. J. Verbeke, coll. ISNB ; TANZANIA: 1♂, 1911, Marienhof [=Murutunguru], Ukerewe, leg. Con- rads, coll. SMTD; UGANDA: 1♂, 12.viii.1958, Uganda, det. as P. similis by Camras 2000, leg. J. Bowden, coll. NHML [NHMUK010922104] .</p><p>Physocephala similis was distinguished from P. larvata by Camras (2001) within his similis species-group, but the character which Camras used to identify similis (“Face yellow”) contradicts the original description of Kröber (1915). Kröber compared P. similis with P. larvata and stated that P. similis “Ist P. larvata zum verwechseln ähnlich, hat aber ganz andere Flügelzeich- nung” [Is confused with the similar P. larvata, but has quite a different wing pattern] although this difference is not obvious when comparing the original descriptions of P. similis and P. larvata . Both descriptions fit to the wing shown in Fig. 27 and there remains no other differ- ence between these two species. The depository of the holotype is unknown (Stuke 2017a) and therefore Physocephala similis Kröber, 1915 is placed as a junior syn- onym of Physocephala [ Conops] larvatus Speiser, 1911 (syn. nov.).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/173187E9DD03FFD8267F4C14FED16603	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Stuke, Jens-Hermann;Clements, David K.	Stuke, Jens-Hermann, Clements, David K. (2019): New conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera) - Part 3: Physocephalini. Bonn zoological Bulletin 68 (2): 209-273, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2019.68.2.209, URL: https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/2d30fdc3-47e4-355c-b575-0cbcb9209acd/
173187E9DD04FFDB25D84F13FB6A630D.text	173187E9DD04FFDB25D84F13FB6A630D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Physocephala ssymanki Stuke & Clements 2019	<div><p>P. ssymanki spec. nov.</p><p>(Figs 30–35)</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 7476796B-0C67-44D8-AA85-1313BC97B38C</p><p>Holotype ♂. (1) “98/99/79”; (2) “visiting white fls / Brownanthus kuntzei /(<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=13.59&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.44" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 13.59/lat -21.44)">Schinz</a>) Ihlenf. &amp; Bittrich / Aizoe- ceae: Mesembryanthema ”; (3) “ Namibia / NW of Cape Cross / 21.44S 13.59E / 14.iii.1999 / F. W. and S. K. Gees; (4) Holotypus / Physocephala ssymanki / spec. nov. / 2018” . Holotype is deposited in AMGS. The specimen is pinned and in perfect condition .</p><p>Description of holotype (male)</p><p>Length 11.7 mm; Wing-length 7.0 mm; Head-height 2.6 mm.</p><p>Head. Antenna black, tip of pedicel and base of first flagellomere brown. Arista stylus-like, with 2 aristomeres situated at tip of first flagellomere (Fig. 32). Both ari- stomeres minute, length of apical aristomere shorter than height. Scape about twice as long as maximum width, apically with black setae. Pedicel about six times longer than maximum width, mainly dorsally and apically cov- ered with black setae. Pedicel lacking any ridge at base, and expanded towards apex. First flagellomere long and conical, about 2.5 times as long as high, pointed, ventral- ly lacking a membranous area. Lunule between base of antennae and ptilinal suture distinct, shorter than width of scape. Eye brown, lacking ommatrichia, with facets all of about the same size. Posterior margin of eye lack- ing any shining indentation. Gena height / eye height (measurements taken from head in lateral view) = 0.2. No ocellar tubercle, no ocelli and no ocellar triangle evi- dent. Frons (Fig. 31) broader than long, slightly concave, slightly projecting above eyes posteriorly, and lacking setulae. Anterior margin concave. Frons yellow, with no frontofacial spot and with indistinct dusting all over. Ver- tex as broad as frons, separated from latter by a more or less distinct ridge. Vertex shining, and in posterior half covered with black setulae; apically with an indistinct depression. Ridge of vertex with minute longitudinal grooves. Face yellow, lacking dusting except for some silver dusting along eye margin. Gena yellow, lacking setae. Distinct facial grooves reaching mouth edge, and facial carina reaching from base of antennae to a distinct- ly broadened and outstanding frontoclypeal tubercle. Ptilinal suture extending well beneath antennal bases on either side. Oral cavity tapers dorsally. Postcranium not obviously invaginated, black to dark brown. Whole post- cranium slightly dusted, with dusting adjacent to posteri- or margin of eye obviously denser. Occiput and postgena covered with black setulae. Postgena not widened and not delimited from occiput. Bottom portion of postcra- nium not delimited and not setulose. Proboscis black to reddish-brown, labellum black. Frontoclypeal membrane long, light orange-brown and hardly delimited from or- ange-brown clypeus. Palps absent. Labium longer than head-length in lateral view, distinctly thickened basally, and with anterior section completely fused into a tube. Labrum not visible in the holotype. Labellum short, com- pletely divided, hardly broader than adjacent haustellum, and covered with very short setulae only.</p><p>Thorax mainly black, with pleura black to brown. Post- pronotum orange-brown. Thorax grey-dusted all over, with distinct dust-stripe reaching from middle coxa to notopleuron and becoming wider dorsally. Anterior half of anepisternum and posterior half of anepimeron shining (Fig. 34). Presternum distinct, broad. Basisternum broad, ventrally narrowed to a point, lacking setae or setulae. Proepisternum lacking setae or setulae. Scutum covered with small black setae. Notopleuron with several stronger setae. Postalar callus with a few strong, short black setae above several curved setulae. Katepisternum with 2 setae posterodorsally and no setae ventrally. Metakatepis- ternum lacks setae. Anepimeron with 12 long setulae about as long as maximum width of tibiae. Mediotergite convex, with minute and barely visible black setae. Sub- scutellum inconspicuous. Scutum covered with scattered small black setae, and with no outstanding setae. Wing as Fig. 35: Fore margin of wing tinged brown, with brown membrane between subcosta and radius R 4+5. Cell r 2+3 hy- aline apically and cell r 4+5 brown basally. Veins brown, subcosta paler brown than radial veins. Wing mostly covered with microtrichia, but with basal cell, basal me- 230 Jens-Hermann Stuke &amp; David K. Clements dial cell, base of discal-medial cell and base of cubital cell cup lacking microtrichia. Radial-medial crossvein small but complete. Basal-medial-cubital crossvein also complete. Radius R 1 and R 2+3 terminate close together in costa, well beyond insertion point of subcosta in costa. Radius R 4+5 with shallow and even curve in distal section directed towards fore-edge of wing. Cell r 4+5 pedunculate, with vein R 4+5 +M 1 well expressed and distinctly longer than radial-medial crossvein. Basal cell lacks any thick- ening. Cubital cell cup elongated, distinctly longer than</p><p>New conopid records from the Afrotropical Region ( Diptera) – Part 3: Physocephalini 231 vein A 1 +CuA 2, and pointed distally (i.e. cubitus CuA 2 and anal vein A 1 meet at an acute angle). Vein A 1 +CuA 2 not reaching hind margin of wing. Cubital veins CuA 1 and crossvein distinctly separated. Upper and lower calypters yellowish-white to brown, margin of upper calypter with white setulae. Alula almost square, about as long as broad, lacking setulae on posterior margin. Venae spuriae pronounced in cell r 4+5 and cubital cell cup. Haltere white, with light brown base. Knob of haltere with brown set- ulae. Legs orange, with hind femur and hind tibia black in apical half. Legs with inconspicuous silver dusting or shining, hind coxa densely silver-dusted. Posterior sur- faces of fore and middle tibiae with obvious silver-dusted fields distally. Legs generally with short, adpressed black setulae. Base of fore and middle femora basally with denser black setulae. Areas of dense black to brown set- ulae anteroventrally on tip of fore tibia and ventrally and posteriorly at tip of hind tibia. Middle femur lacking any distinct row of regularly arranged setulae. Hind femur lacking outstanding setulae. No preapical setae dorsally, and no setae ventrally on tibiae. Femora ventrally lacking rows of short black setae. Coxae with several setae, but lacking any outstandingly long ones. Hind femur slight- ly thickened in basal half. All tibiae thickened in apical half. Each metatarsus with 0–1 stronger seta ventrally at base. Pulvilli yellowish-white. Claws brown, with broad black tips. Empodium light brown, and about as long as pulvilli.</p><p>Abdomen orange to dark brown, with diffuse paler markings. Abdomen with short black setulae all over. ♂ abdomen strongly dusted from posterior half of tergite 3 to tip (in anterior view) and almost shining laterally on tergites 1–3. No obvious dusting at hind margin of tergites. Tergites 1–3 fused but remain distinct. Abdomen of holotype not dissected. Tergite 1 with obvious black setulae on bulbous lateral projections. Tergite 2 elongat- ed, about four times as long as smallest width, lacking obvious lateral tufts of setulae. Tergite 3 slightly widened posteriorly, about twice as wide posteriorly than ante- riorly. Tergite 5 and sternite 5 separate. Sternite 5 with scattered long black setulae and denser small black setulae forming an indistinct field. Protandrium broader than epandrium and projecting over it. Sternite 8 distinctly de- limited from protandrium. Indistinct line of small black setulae at border between sternite 8 and protandrium. Paired cerci distinct, completely sclerotised and covered with scattered setulae. Epandrium not fused behind cerci, but with a slightly sclerotised connection at both sides of epandrium.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Physocephala ssymanki belongs to the P. antiqua species-group and can easily be recognised from the anepi- meron, which has several characteristically long setulae which are about as long as the maximum width of the tibiae. The dusting stripe on the pleura obviously con- trasts with the shining anepisternum and anepimeron, and becomes wider dorsally (Fig. 34). The hind tibia and femur are black in the apical two-thirds, contrasting with the remaining orange-brown legs (Fig. 30).</p><p>Etymology</p><p>This species is dedicated to Axel Ssymank (Bonn) who generously loaned numerous Conopidae specimens for this project.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>To date P. ssymanki is only known from the locus typicus on the coast of southern Namibia.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/173187E9DD04FFDB25D84F13FB6A630D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Stuke, Jens-Hermann;Clements, David K.	Stuke, Jens-Hermann, Clements, David K. (2019): New conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera) - Part 3: Physocephalini. Bonn zoological Bulletin 68 (2): 209-273, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2019.68.2.209, URL: https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/2d30fdc3-47e4-355c-b575-0cbcb9209acd/
173187E9DD07FFDB267F4896FC3766AD.text	173187E9DD07FFDB267F4896FC3766AD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Physocephala bimarginipennis Karsch 1887	<div><p>Physocephala bimarginipennis species-group</p><p>Only one distinct Afrotropical species is included in this group, as was also recognised by Camras (2001). Physocephala bimarginipennis was previously treated in the genus Archiphysocephala Kröber 1939, now synony- mised. Identification using the characters given in Key 1 is straightforward.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/173187E9DD07FFDB267F4896FC3766AD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Stuke, Jens-Hermann;Clements, David K.	Stuke, Jens-Hermann, Clements, David K. (2019): New conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera) - Part 3: Physocephalini. Bonn zoological Bulletin 68 (2): 209-273, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2019.68.2.209, URL: https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/2d30fdc3-47e4-355c-b575-0cbcb9209acd/
173187E9DD07FFDB267F4A0EFA996187.text	173187E9DD07FFDB267F4A0EFA996187.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Physocephala pusilla (Meigen 1804)	<div><p>P. pusilla (Meigen, 1804)</p><p>(Fig. 36)</p><p>Conops pusilla Meigen 1804</p><p>Material. CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC: 1♂ 2♀♀, 4.xii.2010, 60 km w Banibo [3°50′N 16°44′E], 630 m, leg. J. Halada, coll. CULSP .</p><p>Afrotropical specimens of this otherwise Palaearctic spe- cies have previously caused confusion, and for a long time were suspected of belonging to a different species. Somewhat surprisingly, however, their morphological characters fall within the variability of P. pusilla as recently defined by Stuke (2016). Physocephala pusilla had not previously been recorded from the Afrotropi- cal Region and was assumed to be a Palaearctic species (Stuke 2017a). Together with P. antiqua, P. vittata and Conops elegans Meigen, 1804, this is the fourth example of a very variable and mainly Palaearctic species with a distribution which extends into the Afrotropical Region.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/173187E9DD07FFDB267F4A0EFA996187	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Stuke, Jens-Hermann;Clements, David K.	Stuke, Jens-Hermann, Clements, David K. (2019): New conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera) - Part 3: Physocephalini. Bonn zoological Bulletin 68 (2): 209-273, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2019.68.2.209, URL: https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/2d30fdc3-47e4-355c-b575-0cbcb9209acd/
173187E9DD07FFD4267F4E6EFDDF64FB.text	173187E9DD07FFD4267F4E6EFDDF64FB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Physocephala bimarginipennis Karsch 1887	<div><p>P. bimarginipennis Karsch, 1887</p><p>(Figs 37–41)</p><p>Physocephala bimarginipennis Karsch 1887</p><p>= Physocephala gigantea Kröber, 1936</p><p>Primary type material examined. ♀ holotype of Physocephala bimarginipennis Karsch, 1887: (1) “Pungo An- dongo / A. v. Homayer”; (2) “11031”; (3) “ Physocephala / bimarginipennis / n. sp.”; (4) “ Holotypus ”; coll. ZMHB.</p><p>♂ syntype of Physocephala gigantea Kröber, 1936: (1) “ Ph. Type / gigantea ”; (2) “ Musée du Congo / Elisabeth- ville / XI-1927 / Dr. M. Bequaert “; (3) “ Physocephala / gigantea / Krb. / det. Kröber 1935”; (4) “R. DÈT / V / 2992 ”; (5) “Typus”; (6) “RMCA ENT / 000012173”; coll. MRAC .</p><p>♂ syntype of Physocephala gigantea Kröber, 1936: (1) “ Paratype / Ph. gigantea ”; (2) “ Musée du Congo / Kivu: Musingiro / 8-IX-1927 / Ch. Seydel ”; (3) “Musinglro [si] / 8 Sept. 1927 / Ch. Seydel ”; (4) “ Physocephala / gigantea Krb. / det. Kröber 1935”; (5) “R. DÈT / W / 2992”; coll. MRAC .</p><p>Additional material. DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO: 1♀, 8.vii.1937, Bambesa, det. as P. gigantea by Janssens 1954, leg. J. Vrydagh, coll. MRAC ; 1♀, vi.1932, Eala, det. as P. bimarginipennis by Camras 1962, leg. A. Corbisier, coll. MRAC ; 1♀, 5.iii.1954, North Kivu Province, Lac Vert, forêt route Goma – Sake, leg. J. Verbeke, coll. ISNB ; ETHIOPIA: 1♀, 4.xii.2014, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=36.252167&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=7.1978335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 36.252167/lat 7.1978335)">Bonga Waldsaum</a>, 1628 m [07°11.87′N 036°15.13′E], Bothriocline schimperi, leg. H.-J. Flügel, coll. PHJF ; 1♂, viii.2019, Bonga, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=36.253407&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=7.249761" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 36.253407/lat 7.249761)">Kafa Development Association</a> Guest- house [7°14’59.14’’N 36°15’12.26’’E], leg. T. Kirschey, coll. PJHS ; KENYA: 1♀, 16.xi.1967, Nairobi, ex Xylocopa flavorufa found dead 23.ix.1967 Green Office Colo- ny, [collector unknown], coll. NHML ; 1♀, 9.–23.v.2006, Coast Province, Shimba Hills National Park, near artifi- cial <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=39.43197&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.22752" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 39.43197/lat -4.22752)">Ponds</a> [4.22752°S 39.43197°E], 335 m, mixed grassshrub-land, Malaise trap, leg. R. Copeland, coll. NMKE ; SOUTH AFRICA: 1♀, 1.–3.iv.2001, Mpumalanga Prov- ince, Blyderevierspoort NP [24°39′S 30°50′E], leg. D. J. Greathead, coll. ZMHB; TOGO: 1♂, ii.2017, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=0.57493055&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=6.958794" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 0.57493055/lat 6.958794)">Kloto</a>, for- est area [6°57’31.66’’N 0°34’29.75’’E], leg. G. Goergen, coll. IITA ; 1♀, xii.2016, ditto; 1♀, x.2001, ditto; UGAN- DA: 1♂, 22.vii.1966, Kwanda, ex ♂ Xylocapa rufa, leg. D. J. Greathead, coll. NHML ; 1♀, 12.iii.2012, Western Uganda, n Fort Portal Kijura, forest edge [N302540 E004731], leg. Oehlke, coll. PASS .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/173187E9DD07FFD4267F4E6EFDDF64FB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Stuke, Jens-Hermann;Clements, David K.	Stuke, Jens-Hermann, Clements, David K. (2019): New conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera) - Part 3: Physocephalini. Bonn zoological Bulletin 68 (2): 209-273, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2019.68.2.209, URL: https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/2d30fdc3-47e4-355c-b575-0cbcb9209acd/
173187E9DD08FFD425D84DBAFB1867F3.text	173187E9DD08FFD425D84DBAFB1867F3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Physocephala caenoneura Krober 1939	<div><p>Physocephala caenoneura species-group</p><p>Species belonging to this group were previously included together with other species in the Pseudophysocephala nigritarsis species-group of Camras (2001). This caused some confusion because these species may have both a distinct vena spuria which is well separated from radius R 4+5, and short apical abdominal segments, thus poten- tially appearing to fall within his Pseudophysocephala vitripennis and Pseudophysocephala platycephala species-groups respectively.</p><p>Females of the caenoneura species-group are easily recognised by the normally developed, usually ad- pressed theca and short tergites 5 and 6. From outside the caenoneura group, only P. microvena and P. pseudomicrovena share this combination of characters but are easily recognised as belonging to the Physocephala microvena species-group by the lack of a vena spuria in cell r 4+5, and typically also by the reduced or absent radi- al-medial crossvein. Males of caenoneura group can be more difficult to assign, however, the elongated basal ari- stomere and less modified wing venation being the only characters which reliably distinguish them from males of the microvena species-group. All members of this group are restricted to the Afrotropical Region.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/173187E9DD08FFD425D84DBAFB1867F3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Stuke, Jens-Hermann;Clements, David K.	Stuke, Jens-Hermann, Clements, David K. (2019): New conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera) - Part 3: Physocephalini. Bonn zoological Bulletin 68 (2): 209-273, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2019.68.2.209, URL: https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/2d30fdc3-47e4-355c-b575-0cbcb9209acd/
173187E9DD0AFFD625D84F50FDD16703.text	173187E9DD0AFFD625D84F50FDD16703.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Physocephala afenestralis (Camras 2001)	<div><p>P. afenestralis (Camras, 2001)</p><p>(Figs 42–45)</p><p>Pseudophysocephala afenestralis Camras 2001</p><p>Material. SOUTH AFRICA: 1♀, 20.–24.xi.2014, Kwa- <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=28.929634&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.682083" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 28.929634/lat -28.682083)">Zulu-Natal Province</a>, Royal Natal National Park, Gudu Bush falls [28°40.925′S 28°55.778′E], 1628 m, Malaise trap in indigenous afromontane forest, leg. A. H. Kirk-Spriggs &amp; E. Letsobe, coll. BMSA .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/173187E9DD0AFFD625D84F50FDD16703	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Stuke, Jens-Hermann;Clements, David K.	Stuke, Jens-Hermann, Clements, David K. (2019): New conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera) - Part 3: Physocephalini. Bonn zoological Bulletin 68 (2): 209-273, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2019.68.2.209, URL: https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/2d30fdc3-47e4-355c-b575-0cbcb9209acd/
173187E9DD0AFFD625D84E11FE6665E5.text	173187E9DD0AFFD625D84E11FE6665E5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Physocephala braunsi (Krober 1931)	<div><p>P. braunsi (Kröber, 1931)</p><p>(Figs 46–49)</p><p>Physocephala braunsi Kröber 1931</p><p>Material. SOUTH AFRICA: 1♂, 15.iv.1948, Marieps Mountain, det. as P. braunsi by Camras 2000, leg. G. van Son., coll. FMNH; 1♂, xi.1933, Cape Province, Swel- lendam, det. as P. platycephala by Kröber 1938, det. as P. braunsi by Camras 2000, leg. R. E. Turner, coll. NHML [NHMUK010922151]; ZIMBABWE: 1♀, 7.xii.1976, Salisbury [= Harare] [17.84 31.05], leg. P. E. Hulley, coll. AMGS.</p><p>We are not convinced that the characters used to dis- tinguish P. braunsi from the very similar P. caenoneura merit separate species status, but the few specimens which are available can be segregated using the characters given in Key 4.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/173187E9DD0AFFD625D84E11FE6665E5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Stuke, Jens-Hermann;Clements, David K.	Stuke, Jens-Hermann, Clements, David K. (2019): New conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera) - Part 3: Physocephalini. Bonn zoological Bulletin 68 (2): 209-273, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2019.68.2.209, URL: https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/2d30fdc3-47e4-355c-b575-0cbcb9209acd/
173187E9DD0AFFD6265A4B92FAE566C0.text	173187E9DD0AFFD6265A4B92FAE566C0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Physocephala caenoneura (Krober 1939)	<div><p>P. caenoneura (Kröber, 1939)</p><p>(Figs 50–54)</p><p>Pseudophysocephala caenoneura Kröber 1939</p><p>= Pseudophysocephala stylata Kröber 1939</p><p>Primary type material examined. ♀ holotype of Pseudophysocephala caenoneura Kröber 1939: (1) “Type”; (2) “Nyassa-See / Langenburg / 26.VII.–8.VIII. 98 / Fül- leborn S.”; (3) “Typus”; (4) “ Pseudophysocephala / stylata Kb. / det. Kröber 1938”; (5) “Zool. Mus. / Berlin ”; coll. ZMHB .</p><p>1 ♂ holotype of Pseudophysocephala stylata Kröber 1939: (1) “Type”; (2) “Nyassa-See / Langenburg / 1.–26. VII.98 / Fülleborn S.”; (3) “Typus”; (4) “ Pseudophysocephala / stylata Krb. ”; (5) “Zool. Mus. / Berlin ”; (6) “ Pseudophysocephala / caenoneura Kröber / det. Camras 1999”; coll. ZMHB .</p><p>Additional material. KENYA: 1♀, 2.iii.1993, Il- rad, w Nairobi, 1900 m, leg. B. Merz, coll. TAUI ; 1♀, 10.viii.2004, near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=36.815884&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.24715" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 36.815884/lat -1.24715)">Karura Forest</a>, Nairobi [1°14.829’S 36°48.953’E], leg. R. Copeland, coll. NMKE ; TAN- ZANIA: 1♂ 1♀, 4.ii.1977, Amani, East Usambara, 1000 m, det. as P. caenoneura by Camras 1999, leg. H. Enghoff, O. Lomholdt, O. Martin, coll. FMNH ; 1♂, 10.iii.1963, Kilimajaru, Weruweru, det. as P. caenoneura by Camras 1999, leg. D. J. Greathead, coll. NHML [NHMUK010922144] ; 1♂, 20.iv.1966, plains e Arusha, det. as P. caenoneura by Camras 1999, leg. D. J. Great- head, coll. NHML [NHMUK010922145]6 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/173187E9DD0AFFD6265A4B92FAE566C0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Stuke, Jens-Hermann;Clements, David K.	Stuke, Jens-Hermann, Clements, David K. (2019): New conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera) - Part 3: Physocephalini. Bonn zoological Bulletin 68 (2): 209-273, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2019.68.2.209, URL: https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/2d30fdc3-47e4-355c-b575-0cbcb9209acd/
173187E9DD0AFFD6265A4FCDFC2164DF.text	173187E9DD0AFFD6265A4FCDFC2164DF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vahlia capensis Krober 1931	<div><p>P. capensis Kröber, 1931</p><p>(Figs 55–59)</p><p>Physocephala capensis Kröber 1931</p><p>Material. SOUTH AFRICA: 1♂, 25.ii.2016, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.945833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.171665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.945833/lat -25.171665)">Barberton</a>, Mpumalanga [25°10′18″S 30°56′45″E], 1400 m, leg. A. Ssymank, coll. PASS ; 1♀, 4.–7.xi.1931, Cape Prov- ince, George, det. as P. capensis by Kröber, leg. H. P. Thommaset, coll. NHML [NHMUK010922135] ; 1♀, 23.ix.2007, Eastern Cape Province, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=25.733334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.35" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 25.733334/lat -33.35)">Zuurberg</a> [33°21′S 25°44′E], leg. C. Turnbull, coll. AMGS ; 1♀, 15.xii.2012, KwaZulu-Natal Province, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.36111&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.492779" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.36111/lat -29.492779)">Kwela Lodge</a>, Pietermaritz- burg [29°29′34″S 30°21′40″E], 930 m, leg. G. Ståhls, coll. PASS ; 1♂, 15.x.2003, Western Cape Province, Hu- mansdorp [34°1′60S 24°46′0E], 114 m, leg. C. Hepburn, coll. AMGS .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/173187E9DD0AFFD6265A4FCDFC2164DF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Stuke, Jens-Hermann;Clements, David K.	Stuke, Jens-Hermann, Clements, David K. (2019): New conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera) - Part 3: Physocephalini. Bonn zoological Bulletin 68 (2): 209-273, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2019.68.2.209, URL: https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/2d30fdc3-47e4-355c-b575-0cbcb9209acd/
173187E9DD0AFFD1265A4DDFFE64668F.text	173187E9DD0AFFD1265A4DDFFE64668F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Physocephala fenestralis (Krober 1939)	<div><p>P. fenestralis (Kröber, 1939)</p><p>(Figs 60–62)</p><p>Pseudophysocephala fenestralis Kröber 1939</p><p>Primary type material examined. 1 ♂ syntype of Pseudophysocephala fenestralis Kröber 1939: (1) “Type”; (2) “Nyassa-See / Langenburg / 14.V.1999 / Fülleborn S.”; (3) “Typus”; (4) “ Pseudophysocepha-</p><p>236 Jens-Hermann Stuke &amp; David K. Clements</p><p>la / fenestralis Krb. /det. Kröber 1938”; coll. ZMHB. 1♀ syntype of Pseudophysocephala fenestralis Kröber 1939: (1) “ Syn- / type”; (2) “ George, Cape Province, / 27.VI.–1.VII.1920.”; (3) “ S. Africa / R. E. Turner. / 1920-</p><p>New conopid records from the Afrotropical Region ( Diptera) – Part 3: Physocephalini 237 318.”; (4) “ Pseudophysocephala / fenestralis, Krb. / ex- amined &amp; det. / O. Krober, 1938.”; (5) “ Pseudophysocephala / fenestralis / Krb”; coll. NHML.</p><p>Additional material. TANZANIA: 1♀, 20.viii.1980, Mt. Rungwe, sw, 1900 m, det. as P. fenestralis by Cam- ras 2000, leg. M. Stoltze, N. Scharff, coll. FMNH ; 1♀, 16.ii.1952, Njombe, 6000–6500 ft, det. as P. fenes-</p><p>238 Jens-Hermann Stuke &amp; David K. Clements</p><p>tralis by Camras 1999, leg. W. Peters, coll. NHML [NHMUK010922142].</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/173187E9DD0AFFD1265A4DDFFE64668F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Stuke, Jens-Hermann;Clements, David K.	Stuke, Jens-Hermann, Clements, David K. (2019): New conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera) - Part 3: Physocephalini. Bonn zoological Bulletin 68 (2): 209-273, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2019.68.2.209, URL: https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/2d30fdc3-47e4-355c-b575-0cbcb9209acd/
173187E9DD0DFFD125F24F8FFB1564FD.text	173187E9DD0DFFD125F24F8FFB1564FD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Physocephala rufitarsis (Camras 1962)	<div><p>P. rufitarsis (Camras, 1962)</p><p>(Figs 63–65)</p><p>Pseudophysocephala rufitarsis Camras 1962</p><p>Primary type material examined. ♀ holotype of Pseudophysocephala rufitarsis Camras 1962: (1) “ Holo- / type”; (2) “ S. Africa. / R. E. Turner / Brit. Mus. / 1933- 108.”; (3) “ Holotype ♀ / Pseudophysocephala / rufitar- sis / Camras ”; (4) “ Pseudophysocephala / platycephala Loew / examined &amp; det. / O. Kröber. 1938”; (5) “E. Cape Prov. / Katberg. / 15–30.i.1933.”; (6) “BMNH(E)# / 249149”; coll. NHML</p><p>Additional material. SOUTH AFRICA: 1♂, i.1953, Na- tal, Hilton Road, det.as P. rufitarsis by Camras 2000, leg.P. Graham, coll. NHML [NHMUK010922159]; 1♂, xi.1930, Cape Province, Somerset East, det. as P. platycephala by Kröber 1938, det. as P. rufitarsis by Camras 2000, leg. R. E. Turner, coll. NHML [NHMUK010922162]; 2♂♂, 19.x.1994, Cape Province, Tsitsikama National Park, Storms River Pass [33°59′S 23°55′E], leg. R. Daniels- son, coll. MZLU; 1♀, 1.–10.1932, Eastern Cape Prov- ince, Katberg, det. as P. platycephala by Kröber 1938; det. as P. rufitarsis by Camras, 2000, leg. R. E. Turner, coll. NHML [NHMUK010922189]; 1♀, 1.–10.1932, Eastern Cape Province, Katberg, det. as P. platycephala by Kröber 1938; det. as P. rufitarsis by Camras, 2000, leg. R. E. Turner, coll. NHML [NHMUK010922190]; 1♂, 11.–18.ii.1933, Eastern Cape Province, Katberg, det. as P. platycephala by Kröber, 1938, det. as P. rufitarsis by Camras 2000, leg. R. E. Turner, coll. NHML [NHMUK010922158]; 1♂, 1.–10.ii.1933, Eastern Cape Province, Katberg, det. as P. platycephala by Kröber 1938, det. as P. rufitarsis by Camras 2000, leg. R. E. Turner, coll. NHML [NHMUK010922160]; 1♂, 1.–12.iii.1933, Eastern Cape Province, Katberg, det. as P. platycephala by Kröber 1938, det. as P. rufitarsis by Camras 2000, leg. R. E. Turner, coll. NHML [NHMUK010922161]; 1♀, 15.–30.i.1933, Eastern Cape Province, Ratberg, det. as P. platycephala by Kröber 1938, det. as P. rufitarsis by Camras 2000, leg. R. E. Turner, coll. FMNH.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/173187E9DD0DFFD125F24F8FFB1564FD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Stuke, Jens-Hermann;Clements, David K.	Stuke, Jens-Hermann, Clements, David K. (2019): New conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera) - Part 3: Physocephalini. Bonn zoological Bulletin 68 (2): 209-273, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2019.68.2.209, URL: https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/2d30fdc3-47e4-355c-b575-0cbcb9209acd/
173187E9DD0DFFD2267F4DB9FED6649C.text	173187E9DD0DFFD2267F4DB9FED6649C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Physocephala halterata Brunetti 1925	<div><p>Physocephala halterata species-group</p><p>Camras (1962b) originally placed P. congoensis and P. halterata in his Physocephala halterata species-group and P. acroschista – very probably misidentified – in his Pseudophysocephala vitripennis group. This species-group is easily recognised by the velvety black</p><p>New conopid records from the Afrotropical Region ( Diptera) – Part 3: Physocephalini 239 halteres. Members of the Physocephala halterata species-group can be identified using Key 5 below. All mem- bers of this species-group are restricted to the Afrotrop- ical Region.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/173187E9DD0DFFD2267F4DB9FED6649C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Stuke, Jens-Hermann;Clements, David K.	Stuke, Jens-Hermann, Clements, David K. (2019): New conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera) - Part 3: Physocephalini. Bonn zoological Bulletin 68 (2): 209-273, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2019.68.2.209, URL: https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/2d30fdc3-47e4-355c-b575-0cbcb9209acd/
173187E9DD0FFFD325F24E6EFAD76729.text	173187E9DD0FFFD325F24E6EFAD76729.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Conops (Physocephala) acroschistus Speiser 1911	<div><p>Conops (Physocephala) acroschistus Speiser 1911</p><p>Primary type material examined. ♂ holotype of Conops acroschista Speiser, 1911: (1) “ Holo- / TYPE”; (2) “Musée du Congo / Kasaï: Kondué / E. Luja ”; (3) “R. DÉT / B / 1477”; (4) “Type! / Conops (Physocephala) / acroschistus m. / P. Speiser det.”/; (5) “RMCA ENT / 000012172”; coll. MRAC .</p><p>The holotype reported here fits in all aspects to the origi- nal description and there is no reason to assume that it is not the type specimen, although according to the original description this should be in the Museum d’Histoire Nat- uralle du Grand-Duchy de Luxembourg (MGDL). Cam- ras (2001) reported concerning a specimen in the MGDL as follows: “The unidentified holotype of acroschista was finally found by J. M. Guinet and he informed me that Luja was the collector.” The specimen reported by Camras (2001) was a female, however, whereas in the original description it was explicitly stated that the type was a male, and a male is described. Evidently there are more than one specimen bearing the same labels, which led to the misinterpretation of the female specimen in the MGDL. Camras placed the species in his Pseudophysocephala vitripennis species-group, having presumably misinterpreted the species due to this wrongly labelled specimen. The synonymy of P. intermedia Kröber, 1936 and P. acroschista which was introduced by Camras (2001) is therefore invalid and P. acroschista should be treated as valid species (status rev.: valid species).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/173187E9DD0FFFD325F24E6EFAD76729	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Stuke, Jens-Hermann;Clements, David K.	Stuke, Jens-Hermann, Clements, David K. (2019): New conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera) - Part 3: Physocephalini. Bonn zoological Bulletin 68 (2): 209-273, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2019.68.2.209, URL: https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/2d30fdc3-47e4-355c-b575-0cbcb9209acd/
173187E9DD0FFFEC267F4EE5FB9764DE.text	173187E9DD0FFFEC267F4EE5FB9764DE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Physocephala congoensis Krober 1936	<div><p>P. congoensis Kröber, 1936</p><p>(Fig. 66)</p><p>Physocephala halterata Brun. var. congoënsis Kröber 1936</p><p>Primary type material examined. ♂ syntype of Physocephala halterata Brun. var. congoënsis Kröber, 1936: (1) “ Ph. Type ♂ / halterata var / congoensis ”; (2) “ Musée du Congo / Bambesa / 15-IX-1933 / H. J. Bredo ”; (3) “ Physocephala ♂ / halterata Brun. / var. congoensis / Krb / det. Kröber 1935”; (4) “R. DÉT” / P / 2992”; (5) “Typus”; (6) “RMCA ENT / 000012174”; coll. MRAC .</p><p>♀ syntype of Physocephala halterata Brun. var. congoënsis Kröber, 1936: (1) “ Ph. Type ♀ / halterata var / congoensis ”; (2) “ Musée du Congo / Bambesa / 25-IX-1933 / H. J. Bredo ”; (3) “ Physocephala ♀ / halterata Brun. / v. congoensis Krb / det. Kröber 1935”; (4) “R. DÉT” / Q / 2992”; (5) “Typus”; coll. MRAC .</p><p>New conopid records from the Afrotropical Region ( Diptera) – Part 3: Physocephalini 241</p><p>Additional material. BURUNDI: 1♂ 1♀, 15.i.1950, Bururi, 1900 m, leg. F. J. François, coll. ISNB; 1♀, 26.v.1949, Bururi Province, Bururi, 1950 m, leg. F. J. François, coll. ISNB; 1♂, 15.v.1949, Bururi Province, Bururi, 2050 m, leg. F. J. François, coll. ISNB; DEM- OCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO: 1♀, 21.–27. viii.1931, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=28.776&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.287" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 28.776/lat -0.287)">Tshibinda</a> [-0.287 28.776], det. as P. congoensis by Camras 2000, leg. J. Ogilvie, coll. NHML [NHMUK010922105] ; 1♂, 5.ii.1949, North Kivu Province, Gishari, Territory Masisi, 2300 m, leg. F. J. François, coll. ISNB ; EQUATORIAL GUINEA: 1♀, 15.–31.i.1907, Uelleburg, Benitogebiet, det. as P. congoensis by Camras 2000, leg. G. Tessmann, coll. ZMHB .</p><p>Physocephala congoensis is very similar to P. halterata and P. acroschista, and all three species could be inter- preted as colour morphs of a single species. As Camras (2001) pointed out before, however, the few specimens which are available can be consistently segregated using the characters given in Key 5.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/173187E9DD0FFFEC267F4EE5FB9764DE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Stuke, Jens-Hermann;Clements, David K.	Stuke, Jens-Hermann, Clements, David K. (2019): New conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera) - Part 3: Physocephalini. Bonn zoological Bulletin 68 (2): 209-273, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2019.68.2.209, URL: https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/2d30fdc3-47e4-355c-b575-0cbcb9209acd/
173187E9DD30FFEF265A4DDFFD7960F1.text	173187E9DD30FFEF265A4DDFFD7960F1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Physocephala halterata Brunetti 1925	<div><p>P. halterata Brunetti, 1925</p><p>(Figs 67–70)</p><p>Physocephala halterata Brunetti 1925</p><p>Primary type material examined. ♀ holotype of Physocephala halterata Brunetti 1925: (1) “ Holo- / type”; (2) “S. Africa.”; (3) “Umbilo / 17.X.15”; (4) “Pres. by / Imp. Bur. Ent. / Brit. Mus. / 1924-306.”; (5) “Durb / Mus”; (6)</p><p>242 Jens-Hermann Stuke &amp; David K. Clements</p><p>“ Physocephala / halterata / Brun Type ♀ ”; (7) BMN- H(E)#/ 249078; coll. NHML</p><p>Additional Material. BURUNDI: 1♀, 23.iv.1955, Gitega [=Kitega], 1700 m, leg. F. J. François, coll. ISNB; DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO: 1♀, 6.iii.1948, Katanga Province, Mukana, Lusinga, 1810 m, leg. G. F. de Witte, coll. ISNB; 1♀, 15.iii.1948, ditto; ETHIOPIA: 1♀, 4.xii.2014, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=36.252167&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=7.1978335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 36.252167/lat 7.1978335)">Bonga Waldsaum</a>, 1628 m [07°11.87′N 036°15.13′E], Bothriocline schimperi, leg. H.-J. Flügel, coll. PHJF ; KENYA: 1♀, 25.ix.2005, Ker- icho junction [0°23′S 35°16′E], 1530 m, leg. L. Fried- man, coll. TAUI; 1♂, 23.v.1910, Muguga, det. as P. halterata by Camras 2000, [collector unknown], coll. NHML [NHMUK010922109] ; 1♀, vii.1937, Nairobi, det. as P. halterata by Camras 2000, leg. V. G. L. van Someren, coll. NHML [NHMUK010922121] ; 1♂, vii.1937, Nairo- bi, leg. van Someren, coll. NHML [NHMUK010922111]; LESOTHO: 1♂, 30.xii.1950, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=27.845797&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.136618" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 27.845797/lat -29.136618)">Mamathes</a> [-29.136617 27.845796], leg. C. Jacot-Guillarmod, coll. AMGS ; 1♀, 4.xi.1951, ditto; 2♂♂, 9.xi.1951, ditto; 1♂, 11.xi.1951, ditto; 2♀♀, 3.ii.1952, ditto; 1♂, 15.ii.1952, ditto; 1♀, 11.xi.1952, ditto; 2♂♂, 23.xi.1952, ditto; 1♂, 14.xi.1954, ditto; SOUTH AFRICA: 1♂, 1906, Transvaal, leg. A. J. Cholmley, coll. NHML [NHMUK010922113] ; 1♀, 6.– 7.i.1993, Cape Province, Cape of Good Hope Nat. Res., leg. F. Koch, coll. ZMHB; 1♂, 12.xi.1952, Cape Province, Grahamstown, leg. C. Jacot-Guillarmod, coll. AMGS; 1♂, 23.i.1970, Cape Province, Grahamstown, Belmont Valley, on flowering Foeniculum vulgare Mill., leg. C. Jacot-Guillarmod, coll. AMGS ; 1♂, i.1922, Cape Prov- ince, Mossel Bay, det. as P. halterata by Kröber 1938, leg. R. E. Turner, coll. NHML [NHMUK010922114] ; 1♀, iv.1933, Cape Province, Mossel Bay, det. as hal- terata by Kröber 1938, leg. R. E. Turner, coll. NHML [NHMUK010922117]; 1♀, 1.–14.xi.1921, Cape Prov- ince, Mossel Bay, det. as P. halterata by Kröber 1938, leg. R. E. Turner, coll. NHML [NHMUK010922120] ; 1♀, 22.iii.1939, Cape Province, Mossel Bay, det. as P. halterata by Camras 1962, leg. R. E. Turner, coll. NHML [NHMUK010922124] ; 1♂, 29.i.–5.ii.1924, Eastern Cape Province, Port St. John, Bondoland, det. as P. halterata by Kröber 1938, leg. R. E. Turner, coll. NHML [NHMUK010922115] ; 1♀, 6.–25.ii.1924, East- ern Cape Province, Port St. John, Bondoland, det. as P. halterata by Kröber 1938, leg. R. E. Turner, coll. NHML [NHMUK010922119] ; 1♀, ii.1927, Free State Province, Harrismith, det. as P. halterata by Kröber 1938, leg. R. E. Turner, coll. NHML [NHMUK010922118] ; 1♀, 10.x.2004, Gauteng Province, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=28.383333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-26.133333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 28.383333/lat -26.133333)">Benoni</a> [26°08′S 28°23′E], leg. C. Midgley, coll. AMGS ; 1♂, ii.1897, Na- tal Province, Karkloof, [collector unknown], coll. NHML [NHMUK010922110] ; 1♀, 25.–31.iii.2001, Northern Province, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.333334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.2" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.333334/lat -24.2)">Lekgalameetse Reserve</a> [24°12′S 30°20′E], leg. F. Koch, coll. ZMHB ; TANZANIA: 1♂, end of xii.1898 to end of i 1899, Nyasasee, Langenburg [?= Tukuyu], det. as P. congoensis by Camras 2000, leg. S. Fülleborn, coll. ZMHB ; 1♀, 24.xi.1963, Iringa Region, Ulete, det. as halterata by Camras 2000, leg. D. J. Great- head, coll. NHML [NHMUK010922122]; UGANDA: 1♂, 13.ii.1966, Lake Nabugabo, leg. D. J. Greathead, coll. NHML [NHMUK010922112] ; ZIMBABWE: 1♂, 10.1926, Chirinda Forest, det. as P. halterata by Bry- ant, leg. G. Arnold, coll. NHML [NHMUK010922116] ; 1♀, 16.–18.iii.2001, Vumba Mountain, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=32.783333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-19.116667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 32.783333/lat -19.116667)">Botanical</a> Gar- den [19°07′S 32°47′E], leg. F. Koch, coll. ZMHB; UN- KNOWN LOCATION : 1♀, 25.v.1901, [characters il- legible], det. as P. halterata by Kröber 1938, [collector unknown], coll. NHML [NHMUK010922123] .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/173187E9DD30FFEF265A4DDFFD7960F1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Stuke, Jens-Hermann;Clements, David K.	Stuke, Jens-Hermann, Clements, David K. (2019): New conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera) - Part 3: Physocephalini. Bonn zoological Bulletin 68 (2): 209-273, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2019.68.2.209, URL: https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/2d30fdc3-47e4-355c-b575-0cbcb9209acd/
173187E9DD33FFEF25F249BCFDC8670A.text	173187E9DD33FFEF25F249BCFDC8670A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Physocephala microvena Brunetti 1925	<div><p>Physocephala microvena species-group</p><p>This species-group combines some of the species which were variously placed by Camras (2001) in his Pseudophysocephala nigritarsis, Pseudophysocephala platycephala and Physocephala simplex species-groups. Members of this group cannot be defined by single char- acters but by a combination of characters as set out in Key 1. A reduced or absent radial-medial crossvein, and therefore either a reduced vena spuria or a vena spuria that lies very close to the radius R 4+5, is typical, however. Almost always there is no hyaline wing membrane be- tween the vena spuria and radius R 4+5 and the aristomeres are elongated, with the apical aristomere usually tower- ing over the basal aristomere. The group contains some very difficult species, several of which can readily be confused with members from other species-groups, and more material is necessary in order to understand the full variability of the species. All members of this group are restricted to the Afrotropical Region.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/173187E9DD33FFEF25F249BCFDC8670A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Stuke, Jens-Hermann;Clements, David K.	Stuke, Jens-Hermann, Clements, David K. (2019): New conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera) - Part 3: Physocephalini. Bonn zoological Bulletin 68 (2): 209-273, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2019.68.2.209, URL: https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/2d30fdc3-47e4-355c-b575-0cbcb9209acd/
173187E9DD36FFEA25D84964FC5260F1.text	173187E9DD36FFEA25D84964FC5260F1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Physocephala abyssinica Krober 1915	<div><p>P. abyssinica Kröber, 1915</p><p>(Figs 71–74)</p><p>Physocephala abyssinica Kröber 1915</p><p>= Physocephala fumivena Camras 2001 (syn. nov.) = Physocephala longitheca Camras 2001 (syn. nov.) = Physocephala atronata Camras, 2001 (syn. nov.)</p><p>Primary type material examined. ♀ holotype of Physocephala longitheca Camras, 2001: (1) “ Angola (A37) / 5 mls. NE. Negola / 25.iii.1972 ”; (2) “Southern / African Exp. / B. M. 1972 –1”; (3) “ Holotype ♀ / Physocephala / longitheca / Camras”; coll. NHML .</p><p>♂ holotype of Physocephala atronata Camras, 2001: (1) “W. Uganda / Kibale Forest / 12.xii.1971 – 9.i.1972 / R. L. Mason ”; (2) “ Holotype ♂ / Pseudophysocephala / atronata / Camras”; coll. NHML .</p><p>Additional material. DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO: 2♀♀, 1.–20.i.1919, Albertville [= Kalemi], 780 m, det. as P. “ ? abyssinica ” by Brunetti 1925, leg. R. Mayné, coll. MRAC; 1♂, x.1932, Lulua, Kapan- ga, det. as P. “ ? abyssinica Krb ” by Kröber 1935, leg. F. G. Overlaet, coll. MRAC; MALAWI: 1♂, 4.x.1919, Nyasaland, Cholo. [= Thyolo District], det. as P. “ ? abyssinica ” by Brunetti 1924, leg. R. C. Wood, coll. NHML [NHMUK010922100]; UGANDA: 1♀, 21.i.1913, West Mengo District, Entebbe, det. as P. “ ? abyssinica ” by Brunetti 1924, leg. C. C. Gowdey, coll. NHML [NHMUK010922101] ; ZIMBABWE: 1♂, 2.i.1966, n <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=32.74063&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-19.093431" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 32.74063/lat -19.093431)">Vumba</a> [= Bvumba] [-19.093432 32.740631], paratype of P. fumivena, leg. D. Cookson, coll. FMNH .</p><p>Physocephala abyssinica is easily recognised in the fe- male by the very long theca (Fig. 73) but is difficult to identify in the male. Camras (2001) failed to recognize that females of his newly described P. longitheca were in fact conspecific with males previously identified as P. abyssinica . Instead he described the males again as P. fumivena – a species in which only males are known. The only character given by Camras (2001) to distinguish P. fumivena and P. longitheca is the wing colouration, with a dark infuscated discal-medial-cubital crossvein being present in P. fumivena . It is clear that this character is very variable, however, in which case there is no other published character left to distinguish these two species either from each other or from P. abysinica, and we cannot find any such characters in the material we have to hand, which includes the holotype of P. longitheca and a paratype of P. fumivena . Therefore, Physocephala longitheca Camras 2001 and Physocephala fumivena Camras, 2001 are both placed as junior synonyms of Physocephala abyssinica Kröber, 1915 (syns. nov.).</p><p>In addition, Camras (2001) also characterised P. atronata with the character “Haltere with black on club”. In fact there is only slight darkening on the haltere of the holotype, which is quite different from the velvety black haltere of species in the P. halterata species-group. The holotype of P. atronata otherwise fits very well with specimens of P. abyssinica and therefore Physocephala atronata Camras, 2001 is also herewith placed as a ju- nior synonym to Physocephala abyssinica Kröber, 1915 (syn. nov.).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/173187E9DD36FFEA25D84964FC5260F1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Stuke, Jens-Hermann;Clements, David K.	Stuke, Jens-Hermann, Clements, David K. (2019): New conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera) - Part 3: Physocephalini. Bonn zoological Bulletin 68 (2): 209-273, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2019.68.2.209, URL: https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/2d30fdc3-47e4-355c-b575-0cbcb9209acd/
173187E9DD36FFEA265A49BDFB0267C8.text	173187E9DD36FFEA265A49BDFB0267C8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Physocephala brevipetiola (Camras 1962)	<div><p>P. brevipetiola (Camras, 1962)</p><p>(Fig. 75)</p><p>Pseudophysocephala brevipetiola Camras, 1962</p><p>Primary type material examined. ♂ holotype of Pseudophysocephala brevipetiola Camras, 1962: (1) “ ♂ / Ho- lotypus”; (2) “ Musé du Congo / Eala / III-1932 / H. J. Bredo ”; (3) “ Holotype ♂ / Pseudophysocephala / brevipetiola / Camras”; (4) “RMCA ENT / 000012177”; coll. MRAC .</p><p>Additional Material. GABON: 1♂, viii.1892, Libre- ville, determined as a Physocephala nov. spec. by Kröber 1921, [collector unknown], coll. MLUH .</p><p>Physocephala brevipetiola is a rarely recorded species. Only the two males mentioned above are known to date. These are obviously well characterised by the unique ab- domen shape, having a very narrow base of the abdomen (“petiole” sensu Camras (1962), cf Fig. 75) which is ob- viously much shorter than remaining bulbous abdomen (“abdominal club” sensu Camras 1962).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/173187E9DD36FFEA265A49BDFB0267C8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Stuke, Jens-Hermann;Clements, David K.	Stuke, Jens-Hermann, Clements, David K. (2019): New conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera) - Part 3: Physocephalini. Bonn zoological Bulletin 68 (2): 209-273, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2019.68.2.209, URL: https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/2d30fdc3-47e4-355c-b575-0cbcb9209acd/
173187E9DD36FFEB265A4EA7FB2665C6.text	173187E9DD36FFEB265A4EA7FB2665C6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Physocephala constricta Krober 1915	<div><p>Physocephala constricta Kröber 1915</p><p>= Physocephala ruficoxa Kröber, 1933</p><p>(Figs 76–83)</p><p>Primary type material examined. ♀ lectotype of Physocephala constricta Kröber 1915 designated by Camras (2001): (1) “3053”; (2) “Type”; (3) “ Physocephala ♀ / constricta Krb. / O. Kröber det. 1914”; coll. ZMHB.</p><p>♂ holotype of Physocephala ruficoxa Kröber 1933: (1) “Holo - / type”; (2) “Lady Grey / 3 Feb. 1925. / R. I. Nel ”; (3) “Pres. By / Imp. Inst. Ent. / Brit. Mus. / 1932- 143”; (4) “ Physocephala / ruficoxa Kröb / det. Kröber 1930”; (5) “Type”; (6) “ Pseudophysocephala / constricta Kröber / compared to type / det. Camras, 2000”; coll. NHML .</p><p>248 Jens-Hermann Stuke &amp; David K. Clements</p><p>Additional material. LESOTHO: 1♂, 13.xi.1949, Mamathes [-29.136617 27.845796], leg. C. Jacot-Guil- larmod, coll. AMGS; 1♂, 7.xi.1951, Mamathes [-29.136617 27.845796], leg. A. Jacot-Guillarmod, coll. AMGS; 2♂♂, 3.ii.1952, Mamathes [-29.136617 27.845796], leg. C. Jacot-Guillarmod, coll. AMGS; 1♂, 11.ii.1952, ditto; 1♂, 23.xi.1952, ditto; 1♂, 15.iii.1951, Quthing, det. as P. spec., interrupta group by Smith 1966, leg. Brink, Rudebeck, coll. MZLU; 1♂, 12.iii.1951, Se- balabala, leg. C. Jacot-Guillarmod, coll. AMGS; 1♂, 8.–14.i.1963, Maseru district, Bushmans Pass, Maloti Mountains, 2125–2250 m, det. as P. lineifrons by Cam- ras 1963, leg. B. R. Stuckenberg, P. J. Stuckenberg, coll. FMNH; SOUTH AFRICA: 1♂, “3053” [? Cape], paralectotype of P. constricta, leg., coll. ZMHB; 1♀, iii.1959, Cathedral Peak, Forestry reserve, Natal Drak- ensberg Little Berg summits, themeda Grassland, 5500– 6000 ft, det. as P. constricta by Camras 1962, leg. B. R. Stuckenberg, P. J. Stuckenberg, coll. PJHS; 1♂, 10.–12. xi.2009, Cape Province, Harrismith Scotland farm [27°58′59.5″S 29°37′09.8″E], Malaise trap, dense Leucosedea dominated scrub, leg. A. H. Kirk-Spriggs, coll. BMSA; 1♂, 1.–10.ii.1933, Eastern Cape Province, Kat- berg, det. as P. constricta by Kröber 1938, det. as P. constricta by Camras 2000, leg. R. E. Turner, coll. NHML [NHMUK010922174]; 1♂, 1.-10.ii.1933, Eastern Cape Province, Katberg, det. as P. constricta by Kröber 1938, det. as P. constricta by Camras 2000, leg. R. E. Turner, coll. NHML [NHMUK010922175]; 1♂, 1.–10.ii.1933, Eastern Cape Province, Katberg, det. as P. constricta by Kröber 1938, det. as P. constricta by Camras 2000, leg. R. E. Turner, coll. NHML [NHMUK010922177]; 1♂, 1.–10.ii.1933, Eastern Cape Province, Katberg, det. as P. constricta by Kröber 1938, det. as P. constricta by Camras 2000, leg. R. E. Turner, coll. NHML [NHMUK010922178]; 1♀, 19.–26.ii.1933, Eastern Cape Province, Katberg, det. as P. ruficoxa by Kröber 1938; det. as P. constricta by Camras 2000, leg. R. E. Turner, coll. NHML [NHMUK010922173]; 1♂, 6.i.1925, East- ern Cape Province, Lady Grey, paratype of P. ruficoxa, leg. R. I. Nel, coll. NHML [NHMUK010922180]; 1♂, 26.i.1960, Eastern Cape Province, Molteno, leg. M. D. Anderson, coll. AMGS; 1♂, 4.–5.ii.1992, Eastern Cape Province, Rhode, village area [30°48′S 27°58′E], 1820 m, det. as P. constricta by Camras 2000, leg. Natal Muse- um Expedition, coll. FMNH; 1♂, 22.i.1965, Free State Province, Senekal, leg. D. J. Brother, coll. AMGS; 1♂ 1♀, 12.ii.2016, KwaZulu-Natal Province, Garden Castle N. R., Sleeping Bea [29°44′56′S 29°10′35″E], 2190 m, leg. RSA-team Ståhls, coll. PASS; 1♂, 4.xii.2012, Kwa- Zulu-Natal Province, Royal Natal National Park, day visitor Ca [28°41′25.4″S 28°56′53.9″E], 1410 m, Para- type, leg. A. Ssymank, coll. PASS; 1♀, 20.–21.xi.2003, Mpumalanga Province, 20 km sw Lydenbrug, leg. J. Halada, coll. CULSP; 1♂, iii.1933, Natal Province, Na- tal, Nationalpark, det. as P. constricta by Camras 2000, leg. J. Ogilvie, coll. NHML [NHMUK010922179]; 1♂, 13.iv.1963, Northwest Reg., Retiefs Kloof, Rustenburg, leg. H. N. Empey, coll. PMHA; UNKNOWN LOCA- TION: 1♂,, “3054”, det. as P. platycephala by Kröber 1914, wrongly labelled as allotype of P. platycephala, leg., coll. ZMHB; 2♀♀,, “AcP 5470”, leg., coll. NHML; 1♀, no date, “AcP 5470”, [collector unknown], coll. NHML; 1♂, 13.xi.1954, [characters illegible], det. as P. constricta by Camras 2000, leg. K. G. V. Smith, coll. NHML [NHMUK010922176].</p><p>Females of P. constricta are easily identified by the unique shape of the abdomen and theca as described in Key 6 (Figs 76, 77). Males are extremely difficult to di- agnose, however, and can be confused with members of the abdominalis, microvena, caenoneura and antiqua species-groups. Males of P. constricta should be compared very carefully, bearing in mind that not all speci- mens can be reliably assigned to species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/173187E9DD36FFEB265A4EA7FB2665C6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Stuke, Jens-Hermann;Clements, David K.	Stuke, Jens-Hermann, Clements, David K. (2019): New conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera) - Part 3: Physocephalini. Bonn zoological Bulletin 68 (2): 209-273, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2019.68.2.209, URL: https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/2d30fdc3-47e4-355c-b575-0cbcb9209acd/
173187E9DD38FFE725D84C35FEFB670A.text	173187E9DD38FFE725D84C35FEFB670A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Physocephala digitata (Speiser 1909)	<div><p>P. digitata (Speiser, 1909)</p><p>(Figs 84–90)</p><p>Conops (Physocephala) digitatus Speiser 1909</p><p>= Physocephala simplex Kröber, 1915 (syn. nov.) = Physocephala ugandae Kröber, 1915 (syn. nov.) = Physocephala nigricoxa Brunetti, 1925</p><p>= Physocephala bequaertorum Camras, 1962 (syn. nov.) = Physocephala lineifrons Camras, 1962 (syn. nov.)</p><p>= Physocephala ethiopica Camras, 1962 (syn. nov.)</p><p>Primary type material examined. ♂ holotype of Pseudophysocephala ugandae Kröber 1939: (1) “? Psilocephala [sic] / ugandae, Krb. / examined &amp; det. / O. Kröber, 1938.”; (2) “ Psilocephala [sic] / ugandae / Krb”; (3) “ Uganda, / Kampala, / 6.IX.1918. / C C. Gowdey. ”; (4) “ Kampala, / Uganda / 6.IX.1918 / No. 6545”; (5) “Pres. by / Imp. Bur. Ent. / Brit. Mus. / 1921-153”; (6) “Type”; coll. NHML .</p><p>♂ holotype of Physocephala nigricoxa Brunetti, 1925: (1) “ Syn- type”; (2) “ Kampala, / Uganda / 4.IX.1918 / C. C. / No. 5392 Gowdey”; (3) “Pres. by / Imp. Bur. Ent. / Brit. Mus. / 1924-306.”; (4) “ Physo. / nigrocoxae [sic] / Brun Type ♂ / Det. E. Brunetti 1924”; coll. NHML. There is a second damaged specimen lacking both head and abdomen that is designated as “ Syntype ”. This can- not be identified but in any event, in the original descrip- tion the specimen listed above as the holotype is explicit- ly identified as the “Type” .</p><p>♀ holotype of Physocephala ethiopica Camras, 1962, pinned together with ♂ paratype: (1) “ Holo- / type”; (2) “ Allo- / type”; (3) “ Ethiopia: / Dilla, / (Sidamo). / iv.1948.”; (5) “ Holotype ♀ / Physocephala / ethiopica / Camras”; (6) “ Allotype ♂ ”; (7) “ K. M. Guichard / B. M. 1948-200.”; (8) “[characters illegible]”; (9) “BMNH(E)# / 249079 / BMNH(E)# / 249080”; coll. NHML .</p><p>Additional material. BURUNDI: 1♀, V.1956, Mugera, leg. F. J. François, coll. ISNB; CAMEROON: 1♀, 30.vii.1920, Lolodorf, det. as P. simplex by Camras 1962, leg. A. I. Good, coll. FMNH; 1♂, 8.–10.viii.2013, Far- North Reg., Mayo-Tsanga, Mogode-Cha [10°34.111′N 13°36.422′E], 1001 m, Malaise trap, degrated savanna forest, leg. A. H. Kirk-Spriggs, coll. BMSA; DEMO- CRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO: 2♂♂, 15.ix.1933, Bambesa, det. as P. ugandae by Kröber 1935, leg. J. V. Leroy, coll. MRAC; 1♀, 16.iii.1948, Basoko, Yamabuki, Div. 153, det. as P. simplex by Camras 1962, leg. P. L. G. Benoit, coll. MRAC; 1♂, 27.iv.1914, Beni [0°30′N 29°30′E], det. as P. bequaertorum by Camras 2000, leg. J. Bequaert, coll. FMNH; 1♀, 23.i.1927, Elisabethville [Lubumbashi] [-11.664232 27.482626], det. as P. ugandae by Kröber 1935, leg. M. Bequaert, coll. MRAC; 1♂, 4.iii.1936, Kamogobe, Sud Masisi, det. as P. nigricoxa by Camras 1962, leg. L. Lippens, coll. MRAC; 1♂, 18.vii.1935, Kivu, Nyongera, près Rutshuru, 1218 m, leg. G. F. de Witte, coll. ISNB; 1♂, 10.vii.1935, Kivu, Ritshu- ru, riv. Musugereza, 1100 m, leg. G. F. de Witte, coll. ISNB; 1♂, 10.vii.1935, Kivu, Ritshuru, riv. Musugere- za, 1100 m, det. as P. nigrocoxalis by Vanschuytbroeck 1950, leg. G. F. de Witte, coll. MRAC; 1♀, 15.x.1957, Massif Ruwenzori, Bomboka près., Kyandolire, 1650 m, leg. P. Vanschuytbroeck &amp; J. Kekenbosch, coll. MRAC; 1♀, 18.xii.1957, Massif Ruwenzori, riv. Lume, moy- enne, 1800 m, leg. P. Vanschuytbroeck, coll. MRAC; 1♀, xi.1937, Rutshuru, det. as P. digitata by Camras 2000, leg. J. Ghesquière, coll. FMNH; 1♀, no date, Ville Malela, Chief Casende [5,40S 23,45E], det. as P. simplex by Camras, leg. J. Bequaert, coll. FMNH; RWANDA: 1♂, 6.ii.1935, Ruhengeri, riv. Mugara-Kigombe, 1800– 1825 m, det. as P. nigrocoxalis by Vanschuytbroeck 1950, leg. G. F. de Witte, coll. MRAC; TOGO: 1♂, viii.2015, Kloto, forest area [6°57’31.66’’N 0°34’29.75’’E], leg. G. Goergen, coll. IITA; 1♀, ii.2002, ditto; 1♀, iii.2017, ditto; 1♂, viii.2008, ditto; 1♂, vi.2016, ditto; UGAN- DA: 1♂, 22.iv.1966, 20 miles e Mubende, det. as P. nigricoxa by Camras 2000; det. as P. digitata by Camras 2001, at Chickweed flowers, leg. D. J. Greathead, coll. NHML [NHMUK010922194]; 1♂, 14.v.1958, Bugisu Bugusege, det. as P. nigricoxa by Camras 2000; det. as P. digitata by Camras 2001, at Chickweed flowers, leg. J. Bowden, coll. NHML [NHMUK010922195]; 1♂, 1.–5.xii.1911, Bugoma Forest, Unyoro, 3700 ft, det. as P. nigricoxa by Camras 2000; det. as P. digitata by Cam- ras 2001, at Chickweed flowers, leg. S. A. Neave, coll. NHML [NHMUK010922192]; 1♂, 21.iv.1927, Dwoli, det. as P. nigricoxa by Camras 2000; det. as P. digitata by Camras 2001, leg. H. Hargreaves, coll. NHML [NHMUK010922193]; 1♂, 15.–17.iii.1912, Uganda West, Kibale Region, surrounding Bigodi [N0029209 E3020022], 1400 m, leg. Oehlke, coll. PASS; 1♂, 15.– 17.iii.2012, ditto; UGANDA / KENYA: 1♂, v., Elgon, 1700 m, leg. Lindblom, coll. NHRS; ZAMBIA: 7♂♂ 1♀, 12.–15.i.2003, 45 km se Kitwe, leg. J. Halada, coll. CULSP.</p><p>Physocephala digitata is a species which shows great variation in colouration of the face (with or without dark marking); frons (more or less uniformly yellow to light brown, the latter especially in old specimens, and with distinct black midline or almost completely black); coxae (completely light brown to almost black); scutum (completely black to orange-brown with black centre only); and wing (e.g. cell r 2+3 completely brown or hy- aline apically, subcosta light orange to dark brown). In all of these variations we find different intermediates and no one of these characters, or combination of characters, can be used to consistently segregate species. Camras (2001) did not mention any character in his key for the simplex species-group which is not variable in P. digitata . Out of the eleven species he included in his simplex species-group key, only three species can be recognised consistently (see Key 6, couplets 8–9) and these three are still difficult to identify convincingly.</p><p>The original description of P. simplex falls within the variation of P. digitata as do the specimens reported by Camras (2001) as P. simplex . The holotype of P. simplex is stored in the Museo Civico di Storia Naturale “Giaco- mo Doria” (Stuke 2017) and was not available for exam- ination. Physocephala simplex Kröber, 1915 is, however, placed as a junior synonym of Physocephala [ Conops] digitata (Speiser, 1909) (syn. nov.).</p><p>Most specimens of P. ugandae are easily recognised by the wing pattern (Fig. 89) with cell r 2+3 hyaline apical- ly, and the frons yellow with a distinct black T-marking (Fig. 84). There are, however, less commonly encoun- tered forms typified by a completely dark cell r 2+3 and/or either a completely dark or completely pale frons, togeth- er with intermediates. Since this variation does not allow P. ugandae to be distinguished from P. digitata with any consistency, Physocephala ugandae Kröber, 1915 is herewith placed as a junior synonym of Physocephala [ Conops] digitata (Speiser, 1909) (syn. nov.).</p><p>The original description and all of the key characters used by Camras (1962b) to identify P. bequaertorum fall within the variation of P. digitata . One available headless specimen in FMNH identified by Camras as P. bequaertorum also fits to P. digitata . Physocephala bequaertorum Camras, 1962 is therefore placed as a junior syn- onym of Physocephala [ Conops] digitata (Speiser, 1909) (syn. nov.).</p><p>The type material of P. ethiopica falls within the varia- tion of P. digitata . Physocephala ethiopica Camras, 1962 is therefore placed as a junior synonym of Physocephala [ Conops] digitata (Speiser, 1909) (syn. nov.).</p><p>The original description of P. lineifrons compares it with P. bequaertorum, stating that the two differ only in the colouration of the gena and frons. The holotype is deposited in the Natal Museum (KwaZulu-Natal, Pi- etermaritzburg) and was not available for examination, but the original description of P. lineifrons falls within the variation of P. digitata and therefore Physocephala lineifrons Camras, 1962 is also placed as a junior syn- onym of Physocephala [ Conops] digitata (Speiser, 1909) (syn. nov.).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/173187E9DD38FFE725D84C35FEFB670A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Stuke, Jens-Hermann;Clements, David K.	Stuke, Jens-Hermann, Clements, David K. (2019): New conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera) - Part 3: Physocephalini. Bonn zoological Bulletin 68 (2): 209-273, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2019.68.2.209, URL: https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/2d30fdc3-47e4-355c-b575-0cbcb9209acd/
173187E9DD3BFFE725F24DBEFC9566C1.text	173187E9DD3BFFE725F24DBEFC9566C1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Physocephala kroeberi Stuke & Clements 2019	<div><p>P. kroeberi nom. nov.</p><p>(Figs 91–93)</p><p>= annulipes (Kröber 1939), junior secondary homonym of Conops annulipes Wiedemann in Meigen 1824</p><p>Primary type material examined. ♂ holotype of Pseudophysocephala annulipes Kröber 1939: (1) “ Holo- /</p><p>type ”; (2) “ Kinangop / below bamboo / forest 8500 ft ”; (3) “ Kenya: / Aberdare Range / x.1934. / B. M. E. Afr. Exp. / B. M. 1935-203”; (4) “ Pseudophysocephala / annulipes . Krb / examined &amp; det. / O. Kröber 1938”; (5) “ Pseodophysoce / phala annuli - / pes Krb”; (6) [blank red label]; coll. NHML .</p><p>Additional material. KENYA: 1♂, 22.ix.1990, Mount Kenya, ≈ 10.000 ft, sweep netting, leg. R. Copeland, coll. IITA ; 1♀, i.–ii.1946, N. W. Mau Forest, 8000–10000ft, det. as P. annulipes by Camras 1962, leg. H. P. Thomma- set, coll. NHML [NHMUK010922136] .</p><p>Physocephala kroeberi nom. nov. is a new name for Pseudophysocephala annulipes Kröber 1939 – Kröber (1939): 389; type-locality: “ Kenya, Aberdare Range”; HT ♂ [BMNH] – which is a junior secondary homonym of Conops annulipes Wiedemann in Meigen 1824: 135; type-locality: “Wahrscheinlich aus Oesterreich ”; HT ♂ [depository unknown, Evenhuis 1997] – available, in- valid: junior synonym of Physocephala pusilla (Meigen, 1804) .</p><p>Physocephala kroeberi is easily recognised by the dis- tinctive black facial marking (Fig. 92), obvious markings on the femora (Fig. 91), and wing pattern with the dis- cal-medial-cubital crossvein not completely surrounded by brown colouration (Fig. 93). It would be informative to see more material to confirm that this is not merely an extreme variation of P. platycephala or P. microvena, however.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/173187E9DD3BFFE725F24DBEFC9566C1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Stuke, Jens-Hermann;Clements, David K.	Stuke, Jens-Hermann, Clements, David K. (2019): New conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera) - Part 3: Physocephalini. Bonn zoological Bulletin 68 (2): 209-273, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2019.68.2.209, URL: https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/2d30fdc3-47e4-355c-b575-0cbcb9209acd/
173187E9DD3BFFE7267F4FAFFC9564BB.text	173187E9DD3BFFE7267F4FAFFC9564BB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Physocephala maculifacies Camras 2001	<div><p>Physocephala maculifacies Camras 2001</p><p>Primary type material examined. ♂ holotype of Physocephala maculifacies Camras, 2001: (1) “ Angola (A36) / Chianga / 21.–24.iii.1972 ”; (2) “Southern / African Exp. / B. M. 1972 -1”; (3) “ Holotype ♂ / Physocephala / maculifacies / Camras”; coll. NHML .</p><p>Additional material. ANGOLA: 1♀, 21.–24.iii.1972, Chianga, paratype of P. maculifacies, leg. British Mu- seum Expedition, coll. NHML [NHMUK010922096] ; TANZANIA: 1♂, 10.iii.1963, Kilimajaru, Weruweru, det. as P. abyssinica by Camras 2000, leg. D. J. Great- head, coll. NHML [NHMUK010922099] .</p><p>A difficult species for which more material is necessary to test the stability of the identification characters given in Key 6.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/173187E9DD3BFFE7267F4FAFFC9564BB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Stuke, Jens-Hermann;Clements, David K.	Stuke, Jens-Hermann, Clements, David K. (2019): New conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera) - Part 3: Physocephalini. Bonn zoological Bulletin 68 (2): 209-273, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2019.68.2.209, URL: https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/2d30fdc3-47e4-355c-b575-0cbcb9209acd/
173187E9DD3BFFE725F24EE5FDD964FE.text	173187E9DD3BFFE725F24EE5FDD964FE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudophysocephala discalis Camras 1962	<div><p>Pseudophysocephala discalis Camras 1962</p><p>Material. UGANDA: 1♂, vii.1945, Bwamba Valley, det. as P. discalis by Camras 2000, leg. van Someren, coll. NHML [NHMUK010922150] .</p><p>The interpretation of this species is based only upon the above specimen in the NHML which was identified by Camras as P. discalis following his comparison with the holotype of that species at the USNM .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/173187E9DD3BFFE725F24EE5FDD964FE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Stuke, Jens-Hermann;Clements, David K.	Stuke, Jens-Hermann, Clements, David K. (2019): New conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera) - Part 3: Physocephalini. Bonn zoological Bulletin 68 (2): 209-273, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2019.68.2.209, URL: https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/2d30fdc3-47e4-355c-b575-0cbcb9209acd/
173187E9DD3BFFE3267F4C7BFDC06472.text	173187E9DD3BFFE3267F4C7BFDC06472.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Physocephala microvena Brunetti 1925	<div><p>P. microvena Brunetti, 1925</p><p>(Figs 94–101)</p><p>Physocephala microvena Brunetti 1925</p><p>= Pseudophysocephala nigritarsis Kröber 1939 (syn. nov.)</p><p>New conopid records from the Afrotropical Region ( Diptera) – Part 3: Physocephalini 253 Primary type material examined. 1♀ syntype of Physocephala microvena Brunetti 1925: (1) “ Syn- / type”; (2) “H. S. Stannus / Zomba. / Nyasaland.”; (3) “Pres. by / Imp. Bur. Ent. / Brit. Mus. / 1924-306”; (4) “ Physo. / microvena / Brun Type ♀ / Det. E. Brunetti 1924”; (5) “BMNH(E)# / 249157”; coll. NHML.</p><p>1♂ syntype of Physocephala microvena Brunetti 1925: (1) “ Syn- / type”; (2) “ H. S. Stannus / Zomba. / Nyasa- land.”; (3) “Pres. by / Imp. Bur. Ent. / Brit. Mus. / 1924- 306”; (4) “ Physo. / microvena / Brun / Type ♂ / Det. E. Brunetti 1924”; (5) “BMNH(E)# / 249156”; coll. NHML .</p><p>1♂ syntype of Physocephala microvena Brunetti 1925: (1) “ Syn- / type”; (2) “ H. S. Stannus / Zomba. / Nyasa- land.”; (3) “Pres. by / Imp. Bur. Ent. / Brit. Mus. / 1924- 306”; (4) “ Physo. / microvena / Brun / Cotype ♂ / Det. E. Brunetti 1924”; (5) “BMNH(E)# / 249158”; coll. NHML .</p><p>1♀ syntype of Physocephala microvena Brunetti 1925: (1) “ Syn- / type”; (2) “ H. S. Stannus / Zomba. / Nyas- aland.”; (3) “ Physo. / microvena / Brun / Cotype ♂ / Det. E. Brunetti 1924”; (4) “BMNH(E)# / 249158”; coll. NHML .</p><p>1♀ syntype of Physocephala microvena Brunetti 1925: (1) “ Syn- / type”; (2) “ H. S. Stannus / Zomba. / Nyasa- land.”; (3) “Pres. by / Imp. Bur. Ent. / Brit. Mus. / 1924- 306”; (4) “ Physocephala / microvena Brun. / ♂. Cotype. / (Det. E. Brunetti 1924)”; (5) “BMNH(E)# / 249160”; coll. NHML .</p><p>♀ holotype of Pseudophysocephala nigritarsis Kröber 1939: (1) “ Holo - / type”; (2) “ Type ”; (3) “ Fort Portal / Nyakasura / 24.i.1935 / J. W. Edwards ”; (4) “ Uganda: / Ruwenzori Range / xii.1934 – i.1935. / B. M. E. Afr. Exp. / B. M. 1935-203”; (5) “ Pseudophysocephala / nigritarsis, Krb. / examined &amp; det. / O. Krober, 1938.”; (6) “ Pseodophysoce - / phala nigri - / tarsis Krb”; (7) “BMNH(E)# / 249147”; coll. NHML .</p><p>Additional material. BENIN: 1♀, 1.xii.2011, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=2.2638888&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=7.0611115" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 2.2638888/lat 7.0611115)">Lokoli</a>, swamp forest [07°03’40.00″N 02°15’50.00″E], leg. G. Goergen, coll. IITA ; BURUNDI: 2♀♀, 5.–12.iii.1953, Bururi, 1800–2000 m [-3.949 29.623], det. as P. nigritarsis by Camras 1962, leg. P. Basilewsky, coll. FMNH, MRAC ; 1♀, 4.vi.1952, Colline Muramba, Bugoni, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.357&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.93" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.357/lat -2.93)">Terr. de Muhinga</a> [-2.930 30.357], 1400 m, det. as P. nigritarsis by Janssen 1955, leg. F. J. François, coll. ISNB ; CAM- EROON: 1♂, no date, Neu Kamerun, det. as P. nigritarsis by Camras 2000, leg. G. Tessmann, coll. ZMHB ; DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO: 1♀, no date, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=27.482626&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-11.664232" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 27.482626/lat -11.664232)">Elisabethville</a> [Lubumbashi] [-11.664232 27.482626], det. as P. microvena by Camras 1962, leg. M. Bequaert, coll. FMNH ; 1♀, 10.xi.1928, Ituri, Blukwar, syntype of P. curta but not conspecific with designated lectotype, leg. A. Collart, coll. MRAC ; 1♀, 12.iv.1953, Kivu, Kiten- ga, près riv. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=25.975&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-6.896" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 25.975/lat -6.896)">Ruzizi</a> [-6.896 25.975], leg. J. Verbeke, coll. ISNB ; 1♀, 9.iv.1945, Rumangabo, riv. Bugombwa, det. as P. gigantea by Janssens 1950, leg. G. F. de Witte, coll. MRAC ; 1♀, 29.iii.1954, Secteur Tshiaberimu, riv. Kaliv- ina, affl. Talia Nord, 2350 m [-0.13 29.42], 2350 m, leg. P. Vanschuytbroeck &amp; H. Synave, coll. MRAC ; 1♂, 21.– 27.viii.1931, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=28.776&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.287" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 28.776/lat -0.287)">Tshibinda</a> [-0.287 28.776], det. as P. nigritarsis by Camras 1962, leg. J. Ogilvie, coll. FMNH ; KENYA: 1♂, 12.iii.1993, 5 km e <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=34.892&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.125" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 34.892/lat 0.125)">Kaimosi</a>, se Kakamega [0.125 34.892], 1750 m, leg. B. Merz, coll. TAUI ; 1♂, 10.x.1998, Bungoma [0.5645 34.558], leg. F. Kaplan, A. Freidberg, coll. TAUI; 2♂♂, 12.–13.i.1996, Bungo- ma [0.5645 34.558], leg. I. Yarom, A. Freidberg, coll. TAUI; 1♀, 8.x.1998, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=36.326122&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.500043" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 36.326122/lat -0.500043)">Gilgil</a> [-0.500043 36.326122], leg. F. Kaplan, A. Freidberg, coll. TAUI ; 3♂♂ 1♀, 10.x.1998, Kakamega [0.281 34.753], leg. F. Kaplan, A. Freidberg, coll. TAUI; 1♂, 7.–8.ii.2011, Kakamega <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=34.880497&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.227" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 34.880497/lat 0.227)">Forest</a>, 1586 m [0°13′37.2″N 34°52′49.8″E], 1586 m, leg. M. Mei, P. Ceretti, D. Whitmore, coll. PMME ; 1♂, 1.–10.ii.2002, Kakamega Isecheno Nature Reserve [0.24′N 34.86′E], 1800 m, leg. Okeka, coll. PMHA ; 1♂, 11.–20.i.2003, ditto; 1♂, iv.1969, Karen nr Nairobi, leg. van Someren, coll. NHML [NHMUK010922149] ; 1♀, 9.x.1998, Keri- cho [-0.368726 35.281219], leg. F. Kaplan, A. Freidberg, coll. TAUI; 1♂, 11.–12.iv.1957, Molo, Mau Escarpment, 2150–2200 m, det. as P. nigritarsis by Camras 1962, leg. P. Basilewsky, N. Leleup, coll. MRAC ; 1♂, ix.1939, Naivasha, det. as P. nigritarsis by Camras 1999, leg. H. J. A. Turner, coll. NHML [NHMUK010922138] ; 1♀, ix.1939, Naivasha, det. as P. nigritarsis by Camras 2000, leg. H. J. A. Turner, coll. NHML [NHMUK010922141] ; 1♂, 12.iii.1993, near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=34.844837&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.125606" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 34.844837/lat 0.125606)">Kaimosi</a>, se Kakamega [0.125606 34.844837], 1750 m, leg. Muhangani, coll. TAUI ; 1♀, 16.xi.–22.xii.1998, Rift Valley Province, Mpala research <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=36.883335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.31666666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 36.883335/lat 0.31666666)">Station</a> [00°19′N 36°53′E], Malaise trap, leg. S. Miller, coll. NMKE ; 1♂, 2.–9.i.2000, Western Province, Ka- kamega <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=34.8645&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.23550001" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 34.8645/lat 0.23550001)">Forest</a>, Malaise trap [0°14.13′N 34°51.87′E], leg. R. Copeland, coll. NMKE ; UGANDA: 1♂, 22.iv.1966, 20 miles e Mubende, leg. D. J. Greathead, coll. NHML [NHMUK010922147]; 1♂, 19.x.1958, Kawanda, det. as P. nigritarsis by Camras 2000, [collector unknown], coll. NHML [NHMUK010922137] ; 1 specimen, xii.1934 – i.1935, Ruwenzori Range, det. as P. nigritarsis by Camras 2000, leg. B. M. E. Africa Expedition, coll. NHML [NHMUK010922140] ; 1♂, 20.iii.2012, Rwenzo- ri Gebirge, Nyakalengila [N002100 E300149], 1705 m, leg. Oehlke, coll. PASS ; 1♂, 16.xi.1949, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=28.896667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.483333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 28.896667/lat -2.483333)">Shangugu</a> [= Cyangugu] [-2.483333 28.896667], 1460 m, det. as P. platycephala by Janssen 1954, leg. F. J. François, coll. ISNB ; ZIMBABWE: 1♀, 2.–6.xii.2015, Chirinda Forest, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=32.716667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.416666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 32.716667/lat -20.416666)">Mt. Selinda</a> [20°25′S 32°43′E], 1000 m, leg. J. Halada, coll. CULSP ; 1♂, 18.vi.1964, n <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=32.74063&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-19.093431" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 32.74063/lat -19.093431)">Vumba</a> [= Bvumba] [-19.093432 32.740631], det. as P. microvena Camras 2000, leg. D. Cookson, coll. FMNH ; 2♂♂, 4.vii.1964, n <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=32.74063&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-19.093431" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 32.74063/lat -19.093431)">Vumba</a> [= Bvumba] [-19.093432 32.740631], det. as P. microvena Camras 2000, leg. D. Cookson, coll. FMNH ; 1♀, 18.vii.1964, n <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=32.74063&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-19.093431" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 32.74063/lat -19.093431)">Vumba</a> [= Bvumba] [-19.093432 32.740631], det. as P. microvena by Camras 2000, leg. D. Cookson, coll. FMNH ; 1♀, 8.x.1964, n <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=32.74063&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-19.093431" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 32.74063/lat -19.093431)">Vumba</a> [= Bvum- ba] [-19.093432 32.740631], det. as P. microvena by Cam- ras 2000, leg. D. Cookson, coll. FMNH ; 1♂, 20.ii.1965, n <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=32.74063&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-19.093431" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 32.74063/lat -19.093431)">Vumba</a> [= Bvumba] [-19.093432 32.740631], det. as P. microvena Camras 2000, leg. D. Cookson, coll. FMNH ; 1♀, 8.v.1965, n <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=32.74063&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-19.093431" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 32.74063/lat -19.093431)">Vumba</a> [= Bvumba] [-19.093432 32.740631], det. as P. microvena by Camras 1999, leg. D. Cookson, coll. FMNH ; 1♀, 8.v.1965, n <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=32.74063&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-19.093431" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 32.74063/lat -19.093431)">Vumba</a> [= Bvum- ba] [-19.093432 32.740631], det. as P. microvena by Camras 2000, leg. D. Cookson, coll. FMNH ; 1♀, v.1932, Xmas Pas, Umtali [= Christmas Pass near Mutare], leg. J. Ogilvie, coll. NHML [NHMUK010922146] ; 1♂, v.1932, ditto [NHMUK010922148] .</p><p>Most P. microvena specimens characteristically have veins M and R 4+5 fused, thus lacking any radial-medial crossvein (Figs 98, 100). A minority of specimens do have a very short radial-medial crossvein present, how- ever, and a reduced crossvein rm may also occur occa- sionally in specimens of other species, causing complica- tions in identification. Females of P. microvena are easily identified by the short, broad theca (Fig. 97) and short abdominal segments (Fig. 96), with confusion only really likely with P. pseudomicrovena, which may be conspe- cific. Conversely, males of P. microvena are extremely difficult to identify reliably and could be easily confused with males of other species-groups and also with males of P. constricta where these also have a reduced radial-medial crossvein. Where present, the distance between 256 Jens-Hermann Stuke &amp; David K. Clements</p><p>the two short dark submedial stripes in the microtrichial dusting on the anterior scutum may be the best character for separating P. constricta and P. microvena, these being separated by a wider medial dusted stripe in the former (Fig. 81) than in the latter (Fig. 99).</p><p>As mentioned by Camras (2001) there are several inter- mediates between typical P. microvena and P. nigritarsis . Therefore, Pseudophysocephala nigritarsis Kröber, 1939 is herewith placed as a junior synonym of Physocephala microvena Brunetti, 1925 (syn. nov.).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/173187E9DD3BFFE3267F4C7BFDC06472	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Stuke, Jens-Hermann;Clements, David K.	Stuke, Jens-Hermann, Clements, David K. (2019): New conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera) - Part 3: Physocephalini. Bonn zoological Bulletin 68 (2): 209-273, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2019.68.2.209, URL: https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/2d30fdc3-47e4-355c-b575-0cbcb9209acd/
173187E9DD3FFFE325F24D1DFA9B6411.text	173187E9DD3FFFE325F24D1DFA9B6411.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Conops platycephalus Loew 1853	<div><p>Conops platycephalus Loew 1853</p><p>(Figs 102–105)</p><p>Material. SOUTH AFRICA: 1♂, 3.–7.x.1988, Cape Province, Clanwilliam Dam [32°11′30″S 18°53′42″E], on flowers of Aspalathus desertorum Bol., leg. F. W. Gees, S. K. Gees, coll. AMGS; 1♀, ix.1928, Cape Prov- ince, Worcester, det. as Physocephala spec. by Kröber 1938, det. as P. platycephala by Camras 2000, leg. R. E. Turner, coll. NHML [NHMUK010922130].</p><p>While the female of P. platycephala is easily recognised by the obvious shape of the postabdomen and theca (Figs 102, 104), males are more problematic. We doubt that males can be reliably identified using the colour pattern of the scutum as proposed by Camras (2001) and as de- scribed in Key 6. Figs 103 &amp; 105 show that the black spots on the scutum are less distinctly separated in males (Fig. 105) compared to females (Fig. 103), and may per- haps sometimes become fused. Perhaps males of this rare species – only two female specimens are known – have therefore previously been misidentified as other species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/173187E9DD3FFFE325F24D1DFA9B6411	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Stuke, Jens-Hermann;Clements, David K.	Stuke, Jens-Hermann, Clements, David K. (2019): New conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera) - Part 3: Physocephalini. Bonn zoological Bulletin 68 (2): 209-273, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2019.68.2.209, URL: https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/2d30fdc3-47e4-355c-b575-0cbcb9209acd/
173187E9DD3FFFFC267F4D1DFBDB6527.text	173187E9DD3FFFFC267F4D1DFBDB6527.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudophysocephala pseudomicrovena Krober 1939	<div><p>P. pseudomicrovena Kröber, 1939</p><p>(Figs 106–107)</p><p>Physocephala pseudomicrovena Kröber 1939</p><p>Primary type material examined. ♂ lectotype of Physocephala pseudomicrovena Kröber, 1939 designated by Camras (1962): (1) “ ♂ / Holotypus ”; (2) “Musée du Congo / Tanganyka-Moero: / Nyunzu - I - II - 1934 / De Saeger”; (3) “R. DÉT / O / 2992”; (4) “ Physocephala ♂ / microvena Brun. / var. / det. Kröber 1935”; (5) “RMCA</p><p>New conopid records from the Afrotropical Region ( Diptera) – Part 3: Physocephalini 257 ENT / 000012181”; (7) “ Type ♂ / Physocephala / pseudomicrovena / Kröber”; (7) “designated by / Camras, 1962”; coll. MRAC.</p><p>Additional material. BENIN: 1♂, viii.2006, Athiémé [06°14’20.00″N 01°40’00.00″E], leg. G. Goergen, coll. IITA; 2♀♀, viii.2006, Athiémé [06°14’20.00″N 01°40’00.00″E], sweep netting, leg. G. Goergen, coll. IITA; 1♀, v.2006, Lokossa, sweep netting, leg. G. Goer- gen, coll. IITA .</p><p>The lectotype is in poor condition, with the antennae missing and a broken abdomen almost completely cov- ered with glue. All of the characters which can be seen fit well to the concept of the species as given in Key 6, how- ever. Neverthess, this species is only poorly differentiat- ed from P. microvena, and it may easily be no more than a dark morph of that species. On the other hand, all of the specimens available to us can be distinguished with the characters given in Key 6 and therefore the species is here accepted as valid.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/173187E9DD3FFFFC267F4D1DFBDB6527	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Stuke, Jens-Hermann;Clements, David K.	Stuke, Jens-Hermann, Clements, David K. (2019): New conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera) - Part 3: Physocephalini. Bonn zoological Bulletin 68 (2): 209-273, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2019.68.2.209, URL: https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/2d30fdc3-47e4-355c-b575-0cbcb9209acd/
173187E9DD21FFFD25F24B8DFD29615D.text	173187E9DD21FFFD25F24B8DFD29615D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Physocephala pilitarsis Krober 1936	<div><p>Physocephala pilitarsis species-group</p><p>This group is identical to the Pseudophysocephala pilitarsis species-group of Camras (2001). Contrary to Cam- ras (2001), however, it is not straightforwardly identified because the main character he used – a large hyaline area between the vena spuria and media in cell r 4+5 – also occurs in some other Physocephala species-groups. Fe- males belonging to this group are relatively easy to rec- ognise by the theca, and the chaetotaxy and shape of the tarsi (Key 1). Males are more difficult to identify, how- ever, and only careful examination of several characters in combination will rule out placement in other groups. In addition, species identification of males is so far based mainly on colouration characters, which may be variable. There has not been enough material available to begin looking at the male genitalia. All members of this spe- cies-group are restricted to the Afrotropical Region.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/173187E9DD21FFFD25F24B8DFD29615D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Stuke, Jens-Hermann;Clements, David K.	Stuke, Jens-Hermann, Clements, David K. (2019): New conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera) - Part 3: Physocephalini. Bonn zoological Bulletin 68 (2): 209-273, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2019.68.2.209, URL: https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/2d30fdc3-47e4-355c-b575-0cbcb9209acd/
173187E9DD21FFFD267F4E86FBAC649C.text	173187E9DD21FFFD267F4E86FBAC649C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudophysocephala basilewskyi Camras 1962	<div><p>Pseudophysocephala basilewskyi Camras 1962</p><p>Primary type material examined. ♀ holotype of Pseudophysocephala basilewskyi Camras, 1962: (1) “ ♀ / Ho- lotypus”; (2) “ Coll. Mus Congo / Kib.-Ituri: Irumu / 18/ XII-1952 / P. Basilewsky ”; (3) “ Holotype ♀ / Pseudophysocephala / basilewskyi / Camras”; (4) “RMCA ENT / 000012176”; coll. MRAC .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/173187E9DD21FFFD267F4E86FBAC649C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Stuke, Jens-Hermann;Clements, David K.	Stuke, Jens-Hermann, Clements, David K. (2019): New conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera) - Part 3: Physocephalini. Bonn zoological Bulletin 68 (2): 209-273, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2019.68.2.209, URL: https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/2d30fdc3-47e4-355c-b575-0cbcb9209acd/
173187E9DD21FFFF267F4D99FC3F62EE.text	173187E9DD21FFFF267F4D99FC3F62EE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Physocephala nitida (Krober 1915)	<div><p>P. nitida (Kröber, 1915)</p><p>(Figs 108–113)</p><p>Conops nitidus Kröber 1915</p><p>Primary type material examined. ♂ holotype of Conops nitidus Kröber 1915 f: (1) “ Togo / Bismarckburg / 2 .–</p><p>New conopid records from the Afrotropical Region ( Diptera) – Part 3: Physocephalini 259 18.vi.93 / L. Conradt S.”; (2) “ Conops ♂ / nitidus Kröb / O. Kröber det. 1914”; (3) “Cotype”; (4) “Zool. Mus. Ber- lin”; (5) “ Pseudophysocephala / nitidus / Kröber / det. Camras, 2000”; coll. ZMHB.</p><p>Additional material. BENIN: 1♂, x.2008, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=2.1544223&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=6.382664" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 2.1544223/lat 6.382664)">Ahozon</a>, for- est area [06°22’57.59″N 02°9’15.92″E], leg. G. Goergen, coll. IITA ; 1♀, 26.iii.2013, Dangbo, sacred forest, leg. G. Goergen, coll. IITA ; KENYA: 1♂, 12.–26.ii.2005, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=34.092&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.61516666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 34.092/lat -0.61516666)">Nyanza Province</a>, Ungoye Field Station [0°36.91′S 34°05.52′E], 1147 m, leg. R. Copeland, coll. NMKE ; 1♂, 27.ii.–6.iii.2005, ditto; TANZANIA: 1♀, 1.vi.–4. vii.1893, Bismarckburg [= Kasanga], det. as P. nitida by Kröber 1914 and Camras 2000, wrongly interpreted as female syntype, leg. L. Conradt S., coll. ZMHB ; TOGO: 1♂, 26.i.2016, Dzobégan, monastery [7°14’22.07″N 0°41›58.64″E], leg. G. Goergen, coll. IITA ; 1♂, ix.2006, Kloto, forest area [6°57’31.66″N 0°34›29.75″E], leg. G. Goergen, coll. IITA ; 1♂, viii.2008, ditto; 1♂, i.2005, dit- to; 1♀, vi.2008, ditto; 1♀, x.2016, ditto .</p><p>260 Jens-Hermann Stuke &amp; David K. Clements</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/173187E9DD21FFFF267F4D99FC3F62EE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Stuke, Jens-Hermann;Clements, David K.	Stuke, Jens-Hermann, Clements, David K. (2019): New conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera) - Part 3: Physocephalini. Bonn zoological Bulletin 68 (2): 209-273, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2019.68.2.209, URL: https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/2d30fdc3-47e4-355c-b575-0cbcb9209acd/
173187E9DD23FFF825F24D61FD5E66AD.text	173187E9DD23FFF825F24D61FD5E66AD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Physocephala pilitarsis Krober 1936	<div><p>P. pilitarsis Kröber, 1936</p><p>(Figs 114–118)</p><p>Physocephala pilitarsis Kröber 1936</p><p>= Pseudophysocephala ugandae Kröber 1939, junior homonym of Physocephala ugandae Kröber, 1915 Primary type material examined. ♀ holotype of Physocephala pilitarsis Kröber, 1936: (1) “Ph. Type / pilitarsis ”; (2) “Musée du Congo / Ubangi: Nzali / 3/ 4-II-1932 / H. J. Brédo”; (3) “R. DÉT / N / 2992”; (4) “ Physocephala / pilitarsis Krb. / det. Kröber 1935”; (5) “Typus”; (6) “RMCA ENT / 000012180”; coll. MRAC.</p><p>♂ holotype of Pseudophysocephala ugandae Kröber, 1939: (1) “ Holo- / type”; (2) “ Mpanga Forest / c 4,000 ft / F. W. Edwards ”; (3) “ Uganda: / Ruwenzori Range. / xii.1934 – i.1935. / B. M. E. Afr. Exp. / B: M. 1935-203.”; (4) “ Pseudophysocephala / ugandae Kröb. / examined &amp; det. / O. Kröber 1938.”; (5) “ Pseudophyso - / cephala ugandae / Krb”; (6) “Type”; (7) “ Pseudophysocephala / pilitarsis / Kröber / det. Camras, 2000”; coll. NHML .</p><p>Additional material. CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUB- LIC: 1♂, 14.vi. 2009, 150 km nww <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=17.033333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=4.0833335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 17.033333/lat 4.0833335)">Mbaiki</a> [04°05′N 17°02′E], 620 m, leg. J. Halada, coll. CULSP ; 1♀, 2.v.2010, 20 km nne <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=3.0666666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.0/lat 3.0666666)">Mbaiki</a> [03°04′N 18°00′E], 450 m, leg. J. Halada, coll. CULSP ; 1♂, 9.xi.2012, 40 km e of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=17.2&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=4.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 17.2/lat 4.0)">Bambio</a> [3°60′N 17°12′E], 500 m, leg. J. Halada, coll. CULSP ; 1♂, 9.xii.2008, 50km ne <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=17.183332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=3.9833333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 17.183332/lat 3.9833333)">Bambio</a> [03°59′N 17°11′E], 450 m, leg. J. Halada, coll. CULSP ; 3♂♂, 4.xii.2010, 60 km w <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=16.733334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=3.8333333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 16.733334/lat 3.8333333)">Banibo</a> [3°50′N 16°44′E], 630 m, leg. J. Halada, coll. CULSP ; 1♂, 24.–28.xi.2010, 70 km nne <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.766666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=4.95" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.766666/lat 4.95)">Bangui</a> [04°57′N 18°46′E], 445 m, leg. J. Halada, coll. CULSP ; DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO: 1♂, xii.1923, Katompe, Katanga, det. as “ ? abyssinica ” by Brunetti 1925, det. as P. pilitarsis by Camras 1962, leg. Bequaert, coll. MRAC ; 1♂, viii.1932, Lulua, Kapan- ga, det. as P. “ abyssinica Krb var.” by Kröber 1935, leg. F. G. Overlaet, coll. MRAC ; 1♂, xi.1932, Lulua, Kapan- ga, det. as P. “ abyssinica Krb var.” by Kröber 1935, leg. F. G. Overlaet, coll. MRAC ; 1♂, 1.iv.1937, Terr. Lisala, det. as P. pilitarsis by Camras 1962, leg. Leontovich, coll. MRAC ; EQUATORIAL GUINEA: 1♀, 16.–31.viii.1906, Alén, Benitogebiet, det. as P. pilitarsis by Camras 2000, leg. G. Tessmann, coll. ZMHB ; 1♀, 1.–15.xi.1906, Alén, Benitogebiet, det. as P. pilitarsis by Camras 2000, leg. G. Tessmann, coll. ZMHB ; 2♂♂, vi.–viii.1908, Uelleburg, det. as P. pilitarsis by Camras 2000, leg. G. Tessmann, coll. ZMHB ; KENYA: 1♂, 13.–27.viii.2006, Western Province, Kakamega Forest near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=34.88533&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.22767" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 34.88533/lat 0.22767)">Rondo Guest House</a> [0.22767°N 34.88533°E], 1630 m, Malaise trap set across small permanent stream, leg. R. Copeland, coll. NMKE ; 1♀, 3.–17.xii.2006, ditto; 1♀, 13.–27.viii.2006, ditto; 1♂, 12.–19.iii.2000, Western Province, Kakame- ga <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=34.8645&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.23550001" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 34.8645/lat 0.23550001)">Forest</a>, Malaise trap [0°14.13′N 34°51.87′E], leg. R. Copeland, coll. NMKE ; 1♂, 28.viii.–4.ix.1999, ditto; 1♂, 2.–9.i.2000, ditto; 1♀, 20.–27.xi.1999, ditto; 2♀♀, 17.–24.vii.1999, ditto; 1♀, 13.–20.ii.2000, ditto; 2♀♀, 11.–18.ix.1999, ditto; 2♀♀, 3.–10.vii.1999, ditto; 1♀, 21.–28.v.2000, ditto; UGANDA: 1♂, vi.1912, Kawanda, det. as P. pilitarsis by Camras 2000, leg. D. J. Greathead, coll. NHML [NHMUK010922154] ; 1♂, 2.viii.1962, Ma- bira Forest, det. as P. pilitarsis by Camras 2000, leg. D. J. Greathead, coll. NHML [NHMUK010922155] .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/173187E9DD23FFF825F24D61FD5E66AD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Stuke, Jens-Hermann;Clements, David K.	Stuke, Jens-Hermann, Clements, David K. (2019): New conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera) - Part 3: Physocephalini. Bonn zoological Bulletin 68 (2): 209-273, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2019.68.2.209, URL: https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/2d30fdc3-47e4-355c-b575-0cbcb9209acd/
173187E9DD24FFF825D84E86FE1165E5.text	173187E9DD24FFF825D84E86FE1165E5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Physocephala spinipes (Camras 2001)	<div><p>P. spinipes (Camras, 2001)</p><p>(Figs 119–121)</p><p>Pseudophysocephala spinipes Camras 2001</p><p>Primary type material examined. ♀ holotype of Pseudophysocephala spinipes Camras 2001: (1) “Tanganyika / Amani / 1957 / J. G. Halcrow / in thick bush”; (2) “ C. I. E. Coll. / NO 15485”; (3) “ Pseudophysocephala / sp.? / Det. R. L. Coe. 1958”; (4) “Pres. by / Com Inst Ent / B M 1969-3”; (5) “ Holotype ♀ / Pseudophysocephala / spinipes / Camras”; coll. NHML .</p><p>Additional material. KENYA: 1♀, 23.ix.2005, Ka- kamega <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=34.883335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.21666667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 34.883335/lat 0.21666667)">Forest</a>, Yala River [0°13′N 34°53′E], 1450 m, leg. A. Freidberg, coll. TAUI .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/173187E9DD24FFF825D84E86FE1165E5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Stuke, Jens-Hermann;Clements, David K.	Stuke, Jens-Hermann, Clements, David K. (2019): New conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera) - Part 3: Physocephalini. Bonn zoological Bulletin 68 (2): 209-273, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2019.68.2.209, URL: https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/2d30fdc3-47e4-355c-b575-0cbcb9209acd/
173187E9DD24FFF825D84E48FD8767F6.text	173187E9DD24FFF825D84E48FD8767F6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudophysocephala rufa Camras 2001	<div><p>Pseudophysocephala rufa Camras 2001</p><p>No material of this species has been seen by us. Only the female holotype is known, recorded from Malawi (Mu- lanje Mountain, Nr. Likabula) at 1500m .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/173187E9DD24FFF825D84E48FD8767F6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Stuke, Jens-Hermann;Clements, David K.	Stuke, Jens-Hermann, Clements, David K. (2019): New conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera) - Part 3: Physocephalini. Bonn zoological Bulletin 68 (2): 209-273, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2019.68.2.209, URL: https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/2d30fdc3-47e4-355c-b575-0cbcb9209acd/
173187E9DD24FFF8265A4A6CFAE061F8.text	173187E9DD24FFF8265A4A6CFAE061F8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudophysocephala tetratarsata Camras 2001	<div><p>Pseudophysocephala tetratarsata Camras 2001</p><p>Primary type material examined. ♀ holotype of Pseudophysocephala tetratarsata Camras 2001: (1) “Yaoundé Cam. / Nkolbisson / Nonvll. X 1974 ”; (2) “parasitizing 6”; (3) “61a”; (4) “ C. I. E. Coll. / A. 7811”; (5) “Pres by / Comm Inst Ent / B M 1975-1”; (6) “ Holotype ♀ / Pseudophysocephala / tetratarsata / Camras”; (7) “ Pseudophysocephala / tetratarsata ” and on underside of this label “ Pseudophyso. / BM. Mus. From. / Yaounde Cam”; coll. NHML .</p><p>Below the holotype is a large label with additional infor- mation: “Following and ovipositing on bees which were collecting sap flowing from Scolyid entrance holes in felled trees. Each was following a bee flying immediate- ly behind it. When a Physocephala managed to approach closely a bee the fly deposited an egg on its body with an extreme rapidity and I could establish later that the egg remained attached to the tegument of the bee. Dr. Gui- do Nonveiller in letter 6.4.76 to K. M. Harris. C. I. E. ” [Commonwealth Institute of Entomology].</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/173187E9DD24FFF8265A4A6CFAE061F8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Stuke, Jens-Hermann;Clements, David K.	Stuke, Jens-Hermann, Clements, David K. (2019): New conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera) - Part 3: Physocephalini. Bonn zoological Bulletin 68 (2): 209-273, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2019.68.2.209, URL: https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/2d30fdc3-47e4-355c-b575-0cbcb9209acd/
173187E9DD24FFFA265A48B4FD4367F6.text	173187E9DD24FFFA265A48B4FD4367F6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudophysocephala vitripennis Curran 1928	<div><p>P. vitripennis Curran, 1928</p><p>(Figs 122–125)</p><p>Physocephala vitripennis Curran 1928</p><p>= Physocephala intermedia Kröber 1936 (syn. nov.)</p><p>= Conops bouvieri Séguy 1936 (syn. nov.)</p><p>= Pseudophysocephala meii Camras 2001 (syn. nov.)</p><p>= Pseudophysocephala acroschista sensu Camras (2001), nec Speiser, 1911</p><p>Primary type material examined. ♂ holotype of Physocephala intermedia Kröber, 1936: (1) “ Ph. Type ♂ / intermedia ”; (2) “ Musée du Congo / Ubangi: Nzali / 3/ 4-II-1932 / H. J. Brédo ”; (3) “R. DÉT / Z / 2992”; (4) “ Physocephala ♂ / intermedia Krb. / det. Kröber 1935”; (5) “Type”; (6) “RMCA ENT / 000012179”; coll. MRAC .</p><p>♀ holotype, ♂ paratype (pinned on one needle) of Pseudophysocephala meii Camras 2001: (1) “Repub- lique de Guinea PNHN5 / 10°16’43’’N 10°26’02’’W / Faranen, Sidakoro, mangor, / 29.XII.1995, leg. M. Mei ”; (2) “ Holotype ♀ and ♂ / Pseudophysocephala / meii / Camras”; (3) [glued male abdomen]; (4) “ Pseudophysocephala / cf vitripennis Curran / M. Mei det. 1997”; (5) “ Pseudophysoc / meii ”; coll. FMNH .</p><p>Additional material. BENIN: 1♂, 20.iii.2011, Niaou- li, forest area [06°44’3.08″N 02°8’2.59″E], leg. G. Go- ergen, coll. IITA; 1♂, 2.ii.2014, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=2.134053&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=6.734189" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 2.134053/lat 6.734189)">Niaouli</a>, forest area [06°44’3.08″N 02°8’2.59″E], sweepnetting, leg. G. Goergen, coll. IITA ; 2♂♂, xi.2016, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=1.6972222&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.6675005" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 1.6972222/lat 9.6675005)">Sérou</a>, forest area [09°40’03.00″N 01°41’50.00″E], leg. G. Goergen, coll. IITA ; DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO: 1 spec- imen, 18.x.1945, Tshuapa, Flandria, det. as P. intermedia</p><p>262 Jens-Hermann Stuke &amp; David K. Clements</p><p>by Camras 1962, leg. P. Hulstaert, coll. MRAC; 2♂♂, no date, Ville Malela, Chief Casende [5,40S 23,45E], det. as P. acroschista by Camras 2000, det. as P. intermedia by Camras 1962, leg. J. Bequaert, coll. FMNH; GHA- NA: 1♂, 9.ix.1947, Kumasi, paratype of P. meii, leg. J. Bowden, coll. NHML [NHMUK010922153]; NIGE- RIA: 2♂♂, xii.1998, Ibadan, IITA, sweeping net in for- est, leg. G. Goergen, coll. IITA; 1♀, 30.i.1988, Ibadan, IITA, leg. G. G. M. Schulten, coll. RMNH; 1♀, 3.ii.2000, Ibadan, IITA, on mud at forest margin, leg. G. Goergen, coll. IITA; SIERRA LEONE: 1♂ 1♀, 28.xi.1993, 5 km w Kabala, swept along road [09°35′N 11°35′W], leg. L. Cederholm, R. Danielsson &amp; R. Hall, coll. MZLU; UGANDA: 1♀, 16.i.1966, nr. Entebbe, paratype of P. meii, attacking Apis, leg. D. J. Greathead, coll. NHML [NHMUK010922152].</p><p>Camras (1962b, 2001) was the only author to distinguish four very similar species of the pilitarsis group: P. vitripennis (Curran, 1928), P. intermedia (Kröber, 1936) (as P. acroschista sensu Camras (2001) nec Speiser, 1911), P. bouvieri (Séguy, 1936) and P. meii Camras, 2001 . He used characters of wing colouration, relative length of tarsomeres and extent of dusting on the postpronotum to segregate these, but all of these characters are variable and the four taxa intergrade. There is little consistent dif- ference in the female theca or tarsi between these taxa. The holotypes of P. intermedia and P. meii were avail-</p><p>New conopid records from the Afrotropical Region ( Diptera) – Part 3: Physocephalini 263 able to us but the holotype of P. bouvieri, which should be in Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, but which was not included in the list of material available there (GBIF 2019), could not be investigated. These four species are herewith treated as synonyms: Physocephala vitripennis Curran, 1928 = Physocephala intermedia Kröber, 1936 (syn. nov.) = Physocephala [ Conops] bouvieri Séguy, 1936 (syn. nov.) = Physocephala [ Pseudophysocephala] meii Camras, 2001 (syn. nov.).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/173187E9DD24FFFA265A48B4FD4367F6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Stuke, Jens-Hermann;Clements, David K.	Stuke, Jens-Hermann, Clements, David K. (2019): New conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera) - Part 3: Physocephalini. Bonn zoological Bulletin 68 (2): 209-273, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2019.68.2.209, URL: https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/2d30fdc3-47e4-355c-b575-0cbcb9209acd/
173187E9DD26FFFA25D84E81FD5A655A.text	173187E9DD26FFFA25D84E81FD5A655A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Physocephala pubescens Brunetti 1925	<div><p>Physocephala pubescens species-group</p><p>Our pubescens -group equates to the Pseudophysocephala pubescens species-group of Camras (2001). This group is easily recognised by the distinct setae on the mediotergite and several other subtle characters as summarised in Key 1. Key 8 below, and the interpretation of the species presented here, is based mainly on the key and descriptions of Camras (2001). All members of this group are restricted to the Afrotropical Region.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/173187E9DD26FFFA25D84E81FD5A655A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Stuke, Jens-Hermann;Clements, David K.	Stuke, Jens-Hermann, Clements, David K. (2019): New conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera) - Part 3: Physocephalini. Bonn zoological Bulletin 68 (2): 209-273, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2019.68.2.209, URL: https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/2d30fdc3-47e4-355c-b575-0cbcb9209acd/
173187E9DD27FFFB267F4B92FA9E617D.text	173187E9DD27FFFB267F4B92FA9E617D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Physocephala barbata (Camras 2001)	<div><p>P. barbata (Camras, 2001)</p><p>(Figs 126–130)</p><p>Pseudophysocephala barbata Camras 2001</p><p>Material. SOUTH AFRICA: 1♂, 10.–22.xii.1930, Cape Province, Somerset East, paratype of P. barbata, det. as P. constricta by Kröber 1938, leg. R. E. Turn- er, coll. NHML [NHMUK010922128]; ZIMBABWE: 2♂♂, 28.x.1965, n Vumba [= Bvumba] [-19.093432 32.740631], paratype of P. barbata, leg. D. Cookson, coll. FMNH.</p><p>Physocephala barbata looks like P. hirta but with shorter setulae. Only the female holotype of P. hirta is known whilst only males are known of P. barbata, leading to the suspicion that they may be conspecific. It would be use- ful to find the opposite sex of one or other of these spe- cies to exclude the possibility of sexual dimorphism such as that observed in other species of the pubescens group.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/173187E9DD27FFFB267F4B92FA9E617D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Stuke, Jens-Hermann;Clements, David K.	Stuke, Jens-Hermann, Clements, David K. (2019): New conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera) - Part 3: Physocephalini. Bonn zoological Bulletin 68 (2): 209-273, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2019.68.2.209, URL: https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/2d30fdc3-47e4-355c-b575-0cbcb9209acd/
173187E9DD27FFFB267F4839FC2C67B3.text	173187E9DD27FFFB267F4839FC2C67B3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Physocephala caenostylata Krober 1936	<div><p>P. caenostylata Kröber, 1936</p><p>(Figs 131–133)</p><p>Physocephala caenostylatus Kröber 1936</p><p>Primary type material examined. ♀ holotype of Physocephala caenostylatus Kröber, 1936: (1) “ Ph. Type ♂ / caenostylus [sic]”; (2) “ Musée du Congo / Kibali-Ituri: Kilo / V-1930 / G. du Soleil ”; (3) “R. DÉT / U / 2992”; (4) “ Physocephala ♂ / caenostylus [sic]/ Krb / det. Kröber 1935”; (5) “Typus”; (6) “RMCA ENT / 000012178”; coll. MRAC .</p><p>Additional material. KENYA: 1♀, 7.x.2013, S. Masai Reserve, des. as syntype of P. pubescens, leg. T. J. An- derson, coll. NHML [NHMUK010922163] ; TOGO: 1♂, vi.2008, Kloto, forest area [6°57’31.66″N 0°34›29.75″E], leg. G. Goergen, coll. IITA .</p><p>Whilst identification of female P. caenostylata is straightforward males are very difficult. We are not convinced that all specimens can be safely distinguished from those of P. pubescens .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/173187E9DD27FFFB267F4839FC2C67B3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Stuke, Jens-Hermann;Clements, David K.	Stuke, Jens-Hermann, Clements, David K. (2019): New conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera) - Part 3: Physocephalini. Bonn zoological Bulletin 68 (2): 209-273, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2019.68.2.209, URL: https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/2d30fdc3-47e4-355c-b575-0cbcb9209acd/
173187E9DD27FFFB25F24C75FE3065E5.text	173187E9DD27FFFB25F24C75FE3065E5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudophysocephala alinea Camras 2001	<div><p>Pseudophysocephala alinea Camras 2001</p><p>No material of this species has been seen by us. Only the male holotype is known, from Tanzania ( Usambara Mountains, Amani) at 1000m .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/173187E9DD27FFFB25F24C75FE3065E5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Stuke, Jens-Hermann;Clements, David K.	Stuke, Jens-Hermann, Clements, David K. (2019): New conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera) - Part 3: Physocephalini. Bonn zoological Bulletin 68 (2): 209-273, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2019.68.2.209, URL: https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/2d30fdc3-47e4-355c-b575-0cbcb9209acd/
173187E9DD27FFF0267F4D40FCFD66EF.text	173187E9DD27FFF0267F4D40FCFD66EF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Physocephala goergeni Stuke & Clements 2019	<div><p>P. goergeni spec. nov.</p><p>(Figs 134–142)</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: A4F67D5A-00A2-451D-8B10-59F1CA272EC0</p><p>Holotype ♀. (1) “ Togo / Kloto /forest area / Feb. 2018 / Col.: G. Goergen ”; (2) “ Holotypus / Physocephala goergeni / spec. nov. ♀ / det. Stuke 2019” . Holotype is depos- ited in ZMHB. The specimen is pinned and in very good condition.</p><p>Description of holotype (female)</p><p>Length 10.8 mm; Wing-length 7.0 mm; Head-height 2.8 mm.</p><p>266 Jens-Hermann Stuke &amp; David K. Clements</p><p>Head. Antenna orange-brown, pedicel and tip of first flagellomere blackish-brown. Arista stylus-like, with 2 aristomeres situated at tip of first flagellomere (Fig. 137). Basal aristomere with projection about as long as api- cal aristomere. Scape about four times longer than max- imum width, apically and ventrally with setae. Pedicel about six times longer than maximum width, apically and most of dorsal surface covered with black setulae. Ped- icel lacking any ridge at base, expanded towards apex. First flagellomere long and conical, about three times as long as high, pointed, ventrally with indistinct membra- nous area. Lunule between base of antennae and ptilinal suture distinct, slightly longer than width of scape. Eye brown, lacking ommatrichia, facets all of about the same size. Posterior margin of eye with distinct shining inden- tation. Gena-height / eye-height (measurements taken from head in lateral view) = 0.1. No ocellar tubercle, no ocelli and no ocellar triangle evident. Frons (Fig. 135) longer than broad, slightly concave, not projecting above eyes posteriorly, lacking any setulae. Anterior margin of frons slightly concave. Frons yellow with broad brown midstripe. No frontofacial spot. Frons indistinctly dusted all over. Vertex as broad as frons, separated from latter by laterally distinct and medially indistinct ridge. Dense cover of black setulae on vertex forming a more or less level-topped pile in lateral view (Fig. 136). Vertex api- cally with triangular field which lacks setulae or any distinct depression. Face yellow with central brown to blackish spot. Facial grooves with indistinct dusting, nar- rowly dusted along eye margin. Gena yellow, generally lacking setae, although with several setae below postcra- nium. Distinct facial grooves reaching mouth edge, fa- cial carina reaching from base of antennae to a distinctly broadened and outstanding frontoclypeal tubercle. Ptili- nal suture stretching on either side well beneath antennal bases. Oral cavity tapers dorsally. Postcranium not obvi- ously invaginated, black dorsally and yellow ventrally. Whole postcranium slightly dusted, with no obviously denser dusting adjacent to posterior margin of eye. Oc- ciput and postgena covered with black setulae. Postgena not widened and not delimited from occiput. Bottom portion of postcranium distinctly separated-off and not setulose. Proboscis reddish-brown basally and black api- cally, labellum blackish-brown. Frontoclypeal membrane long, light orange-brown and hardly delimited from or- ange-brown clypeus. Palps absent. Labium longer than head-length in lateral view, thickened basally, anterior section completely fused into a tube. Labrum as long as labium but very narrow. Labellum short, completely di- vided, hardly broader than adjacent haustellum, and cov- ered with very short setulae.</p><p>Thorax mainly black, with pleura black to brown. Postpronotum orange-brown. Thorax evenly grey-dusted all over, lacking any distinctly denser dusting or shining areas. Presternum distinct, broad. Basisternum broad, not narrowed ventrallyh to a point, lacking setae or setulae. Proepisternum also lacking setae or setulae. Scutum covered with black setae. Notopleuron and postalarcallus with several stronger setae. Postalarcallus lacking any curved setulae beneath the black setae. Katepisternum with 10–15 setae posterodorsally, 1–2 setae medially, and no setae ventrally. Metakatepisternum, anepisternum and anepimeron lacking setae or setulae. Mediotergite convex, covered with strong black setae which can be as long as maximum diameter of hind femur. Subscute- llum inconspicuous. Scutellum densely covered with black setae and with 3 outstanding larger setae on posterior margin. Wing as Fig. 142: Fore-margin of wing tinged brown, with brownish membrane between costa and media, brown basal-medial cell and slightly brown- ish hind-margin of discal-medial cell. Hyaline membrane between media and vena spuria in cell r 4+5. Veins brown to black. Wing completely covered with microtrichia. Radial-medial crossvein short but complete. Basal-me-</p><p>New conopid records from the Afrotropical Region ( Diptera) – Part 3: Physocephalini 267 dial-cubital crossvein incomplete. Radius R 1 and R 2+3 terminate close together in costa, well beyond end of subcosta. Radius R 4+5 with shallow, even curve in dis- tal section directed towards fore-edge of wing. Cell r 4+5 pedunculate, vein R 4+5 +M 1 well distinctly longer than radial-medial crossvein. Cubital cell cup elongated, lon- ger than vein A 1 +CuA 2, and pointed distally (i.e. cubitus CuA 2 and anal vein A 1 meet at an acute angle). Cubital veins CuA 1 and Basal-medial-cubital crossvein separat- ed. Upper and lower calypters yellowish-white to brown, upper calypter with black setulae on margin. Alula broad (distinctly broader than long), lacking setulae on posteri- 268 Jens-Hermann Stuke &amp; David K. Clements</p><p>or margin. Venae spuriae pronounced in cell r 4+5, cubital cells cup and cua1, and discal-medial cell. Haltere white, with light brown base. Knob of haltere with black setulae. Legs orange with black to dark brown tarsi. Legs with in- conspicuous silver dusting, coxae densely silver-dusted. Posterior surfaces of fore and middle tibiae with obvious silver-dusted fields distally. Legs generally with short, adpressed black setulae. Base of fore and middle femo- ra lacking denser black setulae basally. Areas with dense black to brown setulae anteroventrally on tip of fore tibia, and ventrally and posteriorly on tip of hind tibia. Middle femur lacking a distinct row of regularly arranged setu- lae. Hind femur ventrally with several long thin setulae. No preapical setae dorsally on tibiae. No setae ventral- ly on tibiae but all tibiae dorsally with distinct line of densely-arranged small black setulae (Fig. 140). Femo- ra ventrally lacking rows of short black setae, but with indistinct lines of setulae. Coxae with several setae but none outstandingly long. Hind femur slightly thickened in basal half. Each metatarsus with 1–2 stronger seta ven- trally on base. Pulvilli yellowish-white. Claws brown, with broad black tips. Empodium light brown, about as long as pulvilli.</p><p>Abdomen dark brown to black, with theca and later- al margins of tergites 2–3 orange-brown. Abdomen with dense black setulae all over, those on tergite 2 less dense and obviously longer. Abdomen entirely somewhat sil- ver, brown or golden-dusted, more strongly so at hind margins of tergites 1–3. Tergite 8 shining. Tergites 1–3 fused and hardly distinguishable from each other. Max- imum width of abdomen at segment 3. Sternites cannot be seen due the ventrally overlapping tergites. Tergite 5 and sternite 5 not completely fused laterally. Shape of theca as Figs 138 &amp; 139. Anterior surface of the theca with long black setulae. Posterior surface apically with crescentric field of long, blunt, close-set black spicules which stand very close together, not arranged in rows.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Physocephala goergeni is easily identified as member of the Physocephala pubescens species-group by the long setae on the mediotergite (Fig. 141). Within this group it belongs among those species which lack any setulae on the frons. The shape of the field of thick black setae on the theca distinguishes ♀ P. goergeni immediately from P. nigrita (Fig. 139 vs. Fig. 146). Additional important characters include the level-topped pile of setulae on the vertex (Fig. 136) and the shorter basal aristomere (cf Fig. 137 vs. Fig. 145).</p><p>Etymology</p><p>This species is dedicated to Georg Goergen (Ibadan, Ni- geria) who collected the holotype, and who appears to be the first entomologist to collect Conopidae in Benin and Togo .</p><p>Distribution</p><p>To date only the locus typicus in Togo is known. The sampling site is situated at 6°57’31.66″N 0°34›29.75″E.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/173187E9DD27FFF0267F4D40FCFD66EF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Stuke, Jens-Hermann;Clements, David K.	Stuke, Jens-Hermann, Clements, David K. (2019): New conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera) - Part 3: Physocephalini. Bonn zoological Bulletin 68 (2): 209-273, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2019.68.2.209, URL: https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/2d30fdc3-47e4-355c-b575-0cbcb9209acd/
173187E9DD2CFFF025D84D02FC1E61A6.text	173187E9DD2CFFF025D84D02FC1E61A6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Physocephala nigrita (Camras 1962)	<div><p>P. nigrita (Camras, 1962)</p><p>(Figs 143–146)</p><p>Pseudophysocephala nigrita Camras 1962</p><p>= Pseudophysocephala brevivertex Camras 2001 (syn. nov.)</p><p>Material. CAMEROON: 1♀, 17.–19.viii.2003, Northwest Reg., Mezam, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=10.124033&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=6.0837665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 10.124033/lat 6.0837665)">Bafut village</a> [06°05.026′N 10°07.442′E], 1060 m, leg. A. H. Kirk-Spriggs, coll. BMSA ; KENYA: 2♀, 4.–11.xii.1999, Western Province, Kakamega <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=34.8645&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.23550001" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 34.8645/lat 0.23550001)">Forest</a>, Malaise trap [0°14.13′N 34°51.87′E], leg. R. Copeland, coll. NMKE ; 1♀, 16.–23.viii.2000, dit- to; TOGO: 1♂, ii.2017, Kloto, forest area [6°57’31.66″N 0°34›29.75″E], leg. G. Goergen, coll. IITA ; 1♀, viii.2015, ditto; UGANDA: 1♂, vii.–viii.1946, Bwamba, leg. van Someren, coll. NHML [NHMUK010922185] ; 1♀, vii.– viii.1946, ditto [NHMUK010922187]; 1♂, 16.xii.1934, Kampala, flying against bees, leg. T. W. Chorley, coll. NHML [NHMUK010922191]; 1♂, 18.ii.1966, Lake Nabugabo, det. as P. nigrita by Camras 2000, leg. D. J. Greathead, coll. NHML [NHMUK010922156] .</p><p>The main character given to distinguish P. brevivertex in the original description of Camras (2001) was a “short vertex”. This character is difficult to assess, however, be- cause the vertex may be tightly curved and of variable shape in the material to hand. Apically the vertex has an area which is not covered with setulae and which may have a depression, but the shape, size and extent of any depression can vary considerably, giving a different im- pression of the vertex shape. There is no other character available to distinguish P. brevivertex from P. nigrita, and therefore Physocephala [ Pseudophysocephala] brevivertex Camras, 2001 is herewith placed as a junior synonym of Physocephala [ Pseudophysocephala] nigrita Camras, 1962 (syn. nov.).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/173187E9DD2CFFF025D84D02FC1E61A6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Stuke, Jens-Hermann;Clements, David K.	Stuke, Jens-Hermann, Clements, David K. (2019): New conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera) - Part 3: Physocephalini. Bonn zoological Bulletin 68 (2): 209-273, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2019.68.2.209, URL: https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/2d30fdc3-47e4-355c-b575-0cbcb9209acd/
173187E9DD2CFFF025D84F8EFEB96472.text	173187E9DD2CFFF025D84F8EFEB96472.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudophysocephala hirta Krober 1939	<div><p>Pseudophysocephala hirta Kröber 1939</p><p>Primary type material examined. ♀ holotype of Pseudophysocephala hirta Kröber 1939: (1) “ Holo- / type”; (2) “ Type ”; (3) “E. Cape Prov. / Katberg. / 1.–10.ii.1933.”; (4) “ S. Africa. / R. E. Turner. / Brit. Mus. / 1933-139.”; (5) “ Pseudophysocephala / hirta Kröber / examined &amp; det. / O. Kröber, 1938.”; coll. NHML</p><p>See comment under Physocephala barbata (Camras, 2001), above.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/173187E9DD2CFFF025D84F8EFEB96472	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Stuke, Jens-Hermann;Clements, David K.	Stuke, Jens-Hermann, Clements, David K. (2019): New conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera) - Part 3: Physocephalini. Bonn zoological Bulletin 68 (2): 209-273, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2019.68.2.209, URL: https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/2d30fdc3-47e4-355c-b575-0cbcb9209acd/
173187E9DD2CFFF1265A4F51FC4565C6.text	173187E9DD2CFFF1265A4F51FC4565C6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Physocephala pubescens Brunetti 1925	<div><p>Physocephala pubescens Brunetti 1925</p><p>= Physocephala curta Kröber 1936</p><p>(Figs 147–151)</p><p>Primary type material examined. ♂ lectotype of Physocephala pubescens Brunetti 1925 herewith designated: (1) “Syn - / type”; (2) “23.9.16 / Limbe / Nyasaland. / 4000′ (R. C. W.) / R. b. Wood / 684.”; (3) “ Physo. / pubescens / Brun Type ♂ / Det. E. Brunetti 1924”; (4) “Lec- totypus / Physocephala / pubescens ♂ / Brunetti, 1925 / des. Stuke 2019”; NHML .</p><p>♀ lectotype of Physocephala curta Kröber, 1936 here- with designated: (1) “Type / Ph. curta ♀ ”; (2) “Musée du Congo / Elisabethville / 1927 / Dr. M. Bequaert ”; (3) “ Physocephala / curta Krb. / det. Kröber 1935”; (4) “R. DÉT / L / 2992”; (5) “Type”; (6) “RMCA ENT / 000012182”; coll. MRAC .</p><p>Additional material. DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO: 1♂, no date, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=27.482626&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-11.664232" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 27.482626/lat -11.664232)">Elisabethville</a> [Lubumbashi] [-11.664232 27.482626], det. as P. pubescens by Cam- ras 1962, leg. M. Bequaert, coll. FMNH ; KENYA: 1♀, ii.1932, Kijabe, det. as P. pubescens by Camras 1962, leg. van Someren, coll. NHML [NHMUK010922169] ; 1♀, 20.iii.1949, Nairobi, det. as P. pubescens by Camras 1962, leg. G. Salt, coll. NHML [NHMUK010922168] ; 1♂, 9.iv.1949, Nairobi, det. as P. pubescens by Camras, 2000, leg. G. Salt, coll. NHML [NHMUK010922188] ; 1♀, 3.vii.1994, Nairobi, leg. R. Copeland, coll. NMKE ;</p><p>270 Jens-Hermann Stuke &amp; David K. Clements</p><p>1♂, 12.viii.1966, Nairobi, 5400 ft, det. as P. pubescens by Smith, 1967, leg. G. R. C. van Someren, coll. NHML [NHMUK010922186] ; 1♂, 2.i.1997, Nairobi, Kebete, 1800 m, leg. T. Romig, coll. PMHA ; MALA- WI: 1♂, 17.iii.1913, Nyasaland, Mlanje [= Mulanje], des. as syntype of P. pubescens, leg. S. A. Neave, coll. NHML [NHMUK010922166] ; 1♂, 6.xi.1912, Nyas- aland, Mt. Mlanje [= Mulanje Massif], des. as syn- type of P. pubescens, leg. S. A. Neave, coll. NHML [NHMUK010922165] ; 1 specimen, 1.x.1913, Nyas- aland, Mt. Mlanje [= Mulanje Massif], des. as syn- type of P. pubescens, leg. S. A. Neave, coll. NHML [NHMUK010922164]; UNKNOWN LOCATION : 1♀, iv.1941, “ Mtowambo ”, det. as P. pubescens by Camras 1962, leg., coll. FMNH ; 1♀, viii.1943, [characters illeg- ible], det. as P. pubescens by Camras 1962, leg. H. J. A. Turner, coll. NHML [NHMUK010922167] .</p><p>The material held under ‘ Physocephala pubescens ‘ at the NHML includes four syntypes of P. pubescens and two syntypes of P. curta . The former comprises a mixture of P. pubescens and P. caenostylata Kröber, 1936 . It is therefore necessary to designate a lectotype for P. pubescens and we herewith select a male syntype from Limbe which agrees with the species concept as here defined in order to prevent any change in the past usage of this name.</p><p>Stuke (2017a) incorrectly stated that Smith (1980) had synonymized P. curta with P. pubescens when in fact this was done by Camras (1962). Re-examination of the two P. curta syntypes held at NHML concluded that these also comprise multiple species. The female syntype from Elisabethville is identical with P. pubescens, and in order to prevent further confusion we herewith designate this specimen as the lectotype of P. curta . The second syn- type belongs to P. microvena Brunetti, 1925 and bears the labels: (1) “ Paratype / Ph. curta ♀ ”; (2) “Musée du Congo / Ituri: Blukwa / 10 - XI - 1928 / A. Collart”; (3) “Cotype”; (4) “ Physocephala ♀ / curta Krb. / det. Kröber 1935”; (5) “R. DÉT / M / 2992”; coll. MRAC. This spec- imen has, unusually, a distinctly developed radial-medial crossvein and could therefore easily be confused with other species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/173187E9DD2CFFF1265A4F51FC4565C6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Stuke, Jens-Hermann;Clements, David K.	Stuke, Jens-Hermann, Clements, David K. (2019): New conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera) - Part 3: Physocephalini. Bonn zoological Bulletin 68 (2): 209-273, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2019.68.2.209, URL: https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/2d30fdc3-47e4-355c-b575-0cbcb9209acd/
173187E9DD2EFFF225D84DFFFA746527.text	173187E9DD2EFFF225D84DFFFA746527.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Physocephala vittata (Fabricius 1794)	<div><p>Physocephala vittata species-group</p><p>This group contains only P. vittata, which Camras (2001) included (as P. maculigera Kröber, 1915) in his Physocephala maculipes species-group. The vittata group is very similiar to the Physocephala antiqua species-group due to its typical Physocephala habitus (as described in Key 1) and short arista. Both species-groups can be dis- tinguished by the characters given in Key 1, however. A second member of this species-group – P. schmideggeri Stuke, 2017 – has been recorded from the Arabian Penin- sula and could also potentially occur in the Afrotropical Region. These species can be distinguished using Stuke (2017b). Physocephala vittata is primarily a widespread Palaearctic species which reaches as far as Mongolia and China, as well as extending into the Afrotropical Region.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/173187E9DD2EFFF225D84DFFFA746527	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Stuke, Jens-Hermann;Clements, David K.	Stuke, Jens-Hermann, Clements, David K. (2019): New conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera) - Part 3: Physocephalini. Bonn zoological Bulletin 68 (2): 209-273, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2019.68.2.209, URL: https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/2d30fdc3-47e4-355c-b575-0cbcb9209acd/
173187E9DD2FFFF325F24A6DFD6463AA.text	173187E9DD2FFFF325F24A6DFD6463AA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Conops vittata Fabricius 1794	<div><p>Conops vittata Fabricius 1794</p><p>Material. ERITREA: 1♀, 28.ix.1957, Taramna, det. as P. maculigera by Camras 2000, leg. D. J. Greathead, coll. NHML [NHMUK010922106] ; ETHIOPIA: 1♀, 3.iv.2016, SNNPS State, Arba-Minch, Dorze [06°10′N 37°35′E], 2340 m, leg. J. Halada, coll. CULSP .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/173187E9DD2FFFF325F24A6DFD6463AA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Stuke, Jens-Hermann;Clements, David K.	Stuke, Jens-Hermann, Clements, David K. (2019): New conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera) - Part 3: Physocephalini. Bonn zoological Bulletin 68 (2): 209-273, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2019.68.2.209, URL: https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/2d30fdc3-47e4-355c-b575-0cbcb9209acd/
173187E9DD2FFFF325F24907FBC9633A.text	173187E9DD2FFFF325F24907FBC9633A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Physocephala nigerrima Krober 1915	<div><p>Physocephala nigerrima Kröber 1915</p><p>Physocephala nigerrima was only known from the fe- male holotype, which is probably lost (Stuke 2017a). Camras (2001) placed this species in his Physocephala maculipes species-group although this interpretation does not fit with the original description. Kröber de- scribed the arista as being pointed and slender, and the lateral projection also, with both being of almost equal length (“Griffel spitz und zart, Seitenfortsatz ebenfalls, beide fast gleich lang”) and the antenna as long, very slender and black, with the first flagellomere rusty brown and the scape about three times as long as its width at the base and slightly widened towards the tip (“Fühler lang und sehr schlank, schwarz, drittes Glied rostbraun. Erstes Glied etwa dreimal so lang als unten breit, oben wenig verbreitert.”). This species cannot readily be placed and in the absence of any available material we therefore pro- pose to classify Physocephala nigerrima Kröber, 1915 as an unrecognised species (status rev.: nomen dubium) until such time as new material appears.</p><p>Acknowledgements. We would like to thank all of the col- leagues who have supported this work with their generous help: Miroslav Barták (Czech Republic, Prague), Eliana Buenaventu- ra (Germany, Berlin), Pasquale Ciliberti (Netherlands, Leiden), Robert Copeland (Kenya, Nairobi), Wouter Dekoninck (Bel- gium, Brussels), Hans-Joachim Flügel (Germany, Knüllwald), Amnon Freidberg (Israel, Tel Aviv), Georg Goergen (Benin, Calavi), Martin Hauser (USA, Sacramento), Christian F. Kasse- beer (Germany, Damlos), Ashley H. Kirk-Spriggs (formerly South Africa, Bloemfontein, now UK, London), Tom Kirschey (Berlin), Maurizio Mei (Italy, Rome), Ximo Mengual (Ger- many, Bonn), Frank Menzel (Germany, Müncheberg), Crystal Maier (USA, Chicago), Marc de Meyer (Belgium, Tervuren), Wolfgang Schacht (Germany, †), Karla Schneider (Germany, Halle), Peter Sehnal (Austria, Vienna), Axel Ssymank (Ger- many, Bonn), Nigel Wyatt (UK, London) and Joachim Ziegler (Germany, Berlin), all of whom provided material either from their private collections or from collections under their care. Martin Hauser in particular sorted through a huge amount of Conopidae from Malaise trap samples and made it available for our research. While visiting collections to look at Afrotropical Conopidae we received generous help from Nigel Wyatt (UK, London), Erica McAlister (UK, London), Sven Marotzke (Ger- many, Berlin), Jenny Pohl (Germany, Berlin), Joachim Ziegler (Germany, Berlin), Eliana Buenaventura (Germany, Berlin), Marc de Meyer (Belgium, Tervuren), Stéphane Hanot (Bel- gium, Tervuren), Wouter Dekoninck (Belgium, Brussels) and Frank Menzel (Germany, Müncheberg). With great skill, Nygel Wyatt decoded illegible writing and characters on the labels of many historical specimens.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/173187E9DD2FFFF325F24907FBC9633A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Stuke, Jens-Hermann;Clements, David K.	Stuke, Jens-Hermann, Clements, David K. (2019): New conopid records from the Afrotropical Region (Diptera) - Part 3: Physocephalini. Bonn zoological Bulletin 68 (2): 209-273, DOI: 10.20363/BZB-2019.68.2.209, URL: https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/2d30fdc3-47e4-355c-b575-0cbcb9209acd/
